EP0379388A2 - Boulon d'ancrage creux en câbles - Google Patents

Boulon d'ancrage creux en câbles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0379388A2
EP0379388A2 EP90300610A EP90300610A EP0379388A2 EP 0379388 A2 EP0379388 A2 EP 0379388A2 EP 90300610 A EP90300610 A EP 90300610A EP 90300610 A EP90300610 A EP 90300610A EP 0379388 A2 EP0379388 A2 EP 0379388A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bolt
tube
grout
hole
cable
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP90300610A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0379388A3 (fr
Inventor
Michael Langford Malkoski
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vale Canada Ltd
Original Assignee
Vale Canada Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Vale Canada Ltd filed Critical Vale Canada Ltd
Publication of EP0379388A2 publication Critical patent/EP0379388A2/fr
Publication of EP0379388A3 publication Critical patent/EP0379388A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
    • E21D21/006—Anchoring-bolts made of cables or wires

Definitions

  • the instant invention relates to supporting bolts for underground excavations in general and to cable bolts in particular.
  • Underground excavations are usually supported by, amongst other things, rock bolts and grouted cables inserted into bore holes drilled into the roof and sides of the excavation.
  • Rock bolts generally consist of solid bars or hollow metal tubes. They may be tensioned within the hole and grouted to secure the ground.
  • Cable bolts an alternative to rock bolts when conditions allow, are generally flexible, twisted strands of cable that are inserted into the hole and set with grout. They are most useful when large blocks of ground are supported. Cable bolts can supply stronger tensile strength than regular bolting.
  • rock bolts and cable bolts possess inherent advantages and disadvantages
  • a useful feature of the cable bolt system is that it is flexible and can be fished into a hole from a portable reel.
  • paired cables are employed. The initial length of each individual cable is generally no concern since they may be cut to length at the site as conditions dictate.
  • one method uses a filler tube and a breather tube in the hole.
  • Grout is pumped into the filler tube which extends partly into the hole.
  • the collar of the hole is sealed with a plug.
  • the grout percolates to the top of the hole and returns down the breather tube, along with the entrapped air.
  • a grout having a 0.4/1.0 water/cement ratio or higher is used.
  • the problems are that it is difficult to get a proper plug/seal at the opening of the hole. It is labor intensive since the two cables and the two pieces of plastic tubing must be tied or taped together.
  • Grout densities can vary with no indication of completeness. Voids may be created that weaken the bond.
  • a second common method employs a dense grout (0.3/1.0 water/cement ratio).
  • the grout is pumped up a feed tube tied to two cables that extends substantially up the length of the hole.
  • the grout then flows downwardly about the annulus formed between the two cables and the hole wall. Pumping is stopped when grout reaches the collar of the hole.
  • the higher density of the grout causes it to remain in the hole until it sets. Plugs are not needed, although a wedge may be employed to keep everything in the hole.
  • the cables and tube must be taped together. Proper grout density must be maintained. Otherwise, it may drain out before setting.
  • a hollow cable bolt consisting of a plurality of individual wires spirally wound around a hollow central tube.
  • High density grout is pumped through the bore of the central tube eliminating the need for a plug at the collar of the hole. There is no need to tie the components together.
  • the cable bolt length is not a controlling factor since it may be cut on site.
  • FIGS 1 and 2 show the hollow cable bolt 10.
  • the cable bolt 10 includes a central tube 12 including a bore 40 having a plurality of solid wire strands 14 spirally circumscribing the tube 12.
  • the bolt 10 may be cut to any desired length.
  • the central tube 12 may be comprised of plastic, preliminary testing indicates that flexible metal tubing 12 is preferable since a plastic tube 12 may allow excessive necking when the bolt 10 is loaded and this significantly reduces the bond strength.
  • the wire strands 14 are preferably preformed metal wire, (steel, copper, etc.) that are spirally woven around the outside diameter of the tube 12. The preformed wire strands 14 will stop the bolt 10 from unravelling when cut. As a result, the bolt 10 can be supplied in precut lengths or taken off a reel and cut to suit the local conditions. Consideration of like material selection for the tube 12 and wire 14 should be borne in mind so that electrical cell activity is reduced.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show a simplified installation of the bolt 10.
  • a hole 16 is drilled into the ground 18.
  • a side wall installation is shown, it should be understood that the bolt 10 may be used in roofs as well.
  • the appropriately sized cable 10 is inserted into hole 16, cut at the hole opening (if necessary) to allow a small segment 26 to extend away from the hole 16, and secured in the hole 16 by a wedge or other suitable means.
  • the grout 20, preferably a high density formulation (at least 0.3/1.0 water/­cement), is pumped into the bore 40 of the central tube 12 and allowed to flow throughout the entire tube 12 and then back around the annulus 22 towards the opening of the hole 16.
  • a plate or screen holder 24 is slipped over the extension 26 to secure the integrity of the grout 20 and hold the optional screen 28 in place.
  • a current system for cable grouting requires that the cables 30 be precut to a predetermined length by the supplier.
  • two cables 30, 0.625 inch (1.6 cm) in diameter, each composed of seven wire strands 44 of about 0.2 inch (0.5 cm) diameter are clipped together.
  • These cables 30 are coiled and tied, loaded on a pallet and shipped to the site.
  • the operator must unclip the cables 30 prior to installing them - a dangerous undertaking since the coiled cables act as springs. After they are carefully unclipped, all dirt and grease must be cleaned off the cables, otherwise the grout's bonding capabilities will be degraded.
  • Two cables 30 are then attached to the filler tube 32 by tape 34. The assembly is then inserted into the hole 36 and held in place by a wedge. Grout 38 is pumped through the filler tube 32.
  • the current cable bolting system shown in Figure 5 suffers from grout bleeding, grout blockage, and the need for higher pumping pressures.
  • the group 38 after being pumped upwardly, the group 38 must flow downwardly through many small passages formed between the cables 30, the strands of wire 44 making up the cables 30 and the exterior of the filler tube 32. Sometimes the group 38 will become blocked, leaving voids.
  • the group 38 is pumped under high pressure and through some of the smaller openings, the water component of the grout 38 is sometimes squeezed out of the grout 38 leaving behind a dense cement in pockets that will not flow.
  • the cable bolt 10 reduces grout problems. Since the wire strands 14 circumscribe the central tube 12, there is a larger area for the grout 30 to flow unimpeded. This results in lower pump pressures, less blockage and less bleeding.
  • the flexible central tube 12 may be 1 inch (2.54 cm) outside diameter by 0.75 inch (1.9 cm) inside diameter.
  • the fifteen wire strands 14 are .203 inch (0.5 cm) in diameter.
  • the hole 16 is 2.125 inches (5.4 cm) in diameter.
  • the advantages of the hollow cable bolt 10 over current cable systems include:

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
EP19900300610 1989-01-23 1990-01-22 Boulon d'ancrage creux en câbles Withdrawn EP0379388A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA588895 1989-01-23
CA588895 1989-01-23

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0379388A2 true EP0379388A2 (fr) 1990-07-25
EP0379388A3 EP0379388A3 (fr) 1991-03-13

Family

ID=4139500

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19900300610 Withdrawn EP0379388A3 (fr) 1989-01-23 1990-01-22 Boulon d'ancrage creux en câbles

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0379388A3 (fr)
AU (1) AU4867890A (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1993003256A1 (fr) * 1991-07-26 1993-02-18 J.J.P. Geotechnical Engineering Pty. Ltd. Cheville de fixation en forme de cable
WO1993012324A1 (fr) * 1991-12-19 1993-06-24 Bridon, Plc Boulons d'ancrage souples
WO2008128301A1 (fr) * 2007-04-23 2008-10-30 Onesteel Wire Pty Limited Renforcement de formations

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA2622806C (fr) * 2007-02-28 2016-05-03 Jennmar Corporation Ancrage par cable ameliore

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3434020A1 (de) * 1984-09-15 1986-03-27 Klöckner-Becorit GmbH, 4620 Castrop-Rauxel Nachgiebiger gebirgsanker
US4589803A (en) * 1984-01-09 1986-05-20 Totten Iii Arthur B Method and apparatus for installing mine roof supports
EP0196451A1 (fr) * 1985-03-05 1986-10-08 Dyckerhoff & Widmann Aktiengesellschaft Elément de tension pour un boulon d'ancrage de roche ou similaire
DE3532070A1 (de) * 1985-09-09 1987-03-26 Bwz Berg Ind Tech Gebirgsanker, insbesondere fuer den bergbau
US4697960A (en) * 1985-05-31 1987-10-06 Cominco Ltd. Method and apparatus for anchoring rock bolts and cables
FR2614069A1 (fr) * 1987-04-18 1988-10-21 Dyckerhoff & Widmann Ag Ancre de retenue de terrain pour consolider des galeries et des espaces dans des exploitations minieres et des tunnels

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4589803A (en) * 1984-01-09 1986-05-20 Totten Iii Arthur B Method and apparatus for installing mine roof supports
DE3434020A1 (de) * 1984-09-15 1986-03-27 Klöckner-Becorit GmbH, 4620 Castrop-Rauxel Nachgiebiger gebirgsanker
EP0196451A1 (fr) * 1985-03-05 1986-10-08 Dyckerhoff & Widmann Aktiengesellschaft Elément de tension pour un boulon d'ancrage de roche ou similaire
US4697960A (en) * 1985-05-31 1987-10-06 Cominco Ltd. Method and apparatus for anchoring rock bolts and cables
DE3532070A1 (de) * 1985-09-09 1987-03-26 Bwz Berg Ind Tech Gebirgsanker, insbesondere fuer den bergbau
FR2614069A1 (fr) * 1987-04-18 1988-10-21 Dyckerhoff & Widmann Ag Ancre de retenue de terrain pour consolider des galeries et des espaces dans des exploitations minieres et des tunnels

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1993003256A1 (fr) * 1991-07-26 1993-02-18 J.J.P. Geotechnical Engineering Pty. Ltd. Cheville de fixation en forme de cable
US5570976A (en) * 1991-07-26 1996-11-05 J.J.P. Geotechnical Engineering Pty. Ltd. Cable bolt
WO1993012324A1 (fr) * 1991-12-19 1993-06-24 Bridon, Plc Boulons d'ancrage souples
US5458442A (en) * 1991-12-19 1995-10-17 Bridon Plc Flexible roof bolt
WO2008128301A1 (fr) * 2007-04-23 2008-10-30 Onesteel Wire Pty Limited Renforcement de formations

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0379388A3 (fr) 1991-03-13
AU4867890A (en) 1990-07-26

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