EP0378437B1 - Verfahren zum Auftragen von Mörtel auf eine Formfläche - Google Patents
Verfahren zum Auftragen von Mörtel auf eine Formfläche Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0378437B1 EP0378437B1 EP90300376A EP90300376A EP0378437B1 EP 0378437 B1 EP0378437 B1 EP 0378437B1 EP 90300376 A EP90300376 A EP 90300376A EP 90300376 A EP90300376 A EP 90300376A EP 0378437 B1 EP0378437 B1 EP 0378437B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- compressed gas
- nozzle
- mortar material
- outlet
- chamber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
- B28B11/08—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for reshaping the surface, e.g. smoothing, roughening, corrugating, making screw-threads
- B28B11/0818—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for reshaping the surface, e.g. smoothing, roughening, corrugating, making screw-threads for roughening, profiling, corrugating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
- B28B1/30—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by applying the material on to a core or other moulding surface to form a layer thereon
- B28B1/32—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by applying the material on to a core or other moulding surface to form a layer thereon by projecting, e.g. spraying
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F21/00—Implements for finishing work on buildings
- E04F21/02—Implements for finishing work on buildings for applying plasticised masses to surfaces, e.g. plastering walls
- E04F21/06—Implements for applying plaster, insulating material, or the like
- E04F21/08—Mechanical implements
- E04F21/12—Mechanical implements acting by gas pressure, e.g. steam pressure
Definitions
- THE PRESENT INVENTION relates to a method of applying a mortar material to a surface, for example for purposes of masonry repair or restoration, or to a mould surface in the fabrication of a product simulating natural stone.
- cement or concrete products for example in the form of building blocks or slabs, which simulate the appearance of natural stone, such as sandstone, by forcibly compacting a moist mixture of cement and finely divided aggregate, such as sand, into a mould, to cover the mould surface in a layer to which is generally applied a body of ordinary concrete mix as a backing material.
- the concrete On setting of the compacted mixture the concrete provides the bulk of the product and affords a support for the moulded surface, defined by the compacted layer, once the product has been extracted from the mould.
- the surface of the product exposed to view in the finished building or the like is the surface of the compacted layer which was in direct contact with the mould surface.
- the close packing of the sand or other aggregate in the compacted layer reduces the size of the interstices between aggregate particles as compared with a conventional mortar or concrete, for example, so that the product has an appearance somewhat similar to natural sandstone, for example.
- GB-A-1489604 discloses a method of moulding a channel section member of cementitious material in which a mixture of finely graded sand and cement to which water has been added is discharged vertically into a mould cavity from a cement gun, a mesh reinforcement being accommodated within the mould cavity.
- GB-A-2011518 discloses a cement gun which comprises a hollow barrel to which mortar is supplied, under pressure, and which barrel terminates in a tapering nozzle, the gun including a compressed air pipe which extends coaxially within the barrel and terminates, within the nozzle region, in an end piece having apertures through which the air passes in a fanwise manner.
- the gun in question is an extrusion gun and the compressed air is apparently supplied to the apertured end piece as a means of preventing blockages of the nozzle.
- apparatus for applying a mortar material to a surface comprising a gun comprising a cylindrical chamber with an inlet to receive a mortar material into said chamber, pumping means for supplying mortar material to said chamber via said inlet, a nozzle providing an outlet from said chamber and having an interior surface tapering conically towards said outlet and a compressed gas pipe extending within said chamber from an inlet for compressed gas, and having an outlet within said chamber, in the region of said nozzle whereby mortar material from said chamber can flow past said pipe to said nozzle outlet and a source of compressed gas connected with said inlet via a compressed gas hose, characterised in that said nozzle comprises a nozzle body providing said conically tapering interior surface and a replaceable nipple is screwed into the forward end of said nozzle body and providing said outlet, the apex angle of said interior conical surface being acute, and said interior surface of the nozzle body tapering from a diameter at least as great as that of said cylindrical chamber to the inner, rear end of said nipple
- mortar material as used herein is intended to refer to a mixture of water, cement and an aggregate, generally of a particle size corresponding with that of sand or shingle, although some larger particles may be incorporated in the mix.
- the term “mortar material” used herein is not intended to imply that the material must be suitable for use as mortar between building bricks, for example and, indeed, the preferred consistency of the mortar material in carrying out the present invention is somewhat stiffer than would be considered ideal for brick-laying purposes.
- the invention also comprehends, within its scope, the use of an apparatus embodying the invention to fabricate a product simulating natural stone.
- Items such as architectural cladding panels or stonework, fireplace surrounds or flagstones, of simulated natural stone such as limestone or sandstone can be fabricated by using the apparatus of the invention to spray a mortar mixture into a mould to form the required product.
- the product may in certain cases be reinforced by placing a reinforcing structure, such as a reinforcing framework of wire mesh and/or steel rod or wire, in the mould after spraying a first layer of the mixture over the mould surface and before spraying a subsequent layer or layers of the mixture into the mould over and around the reinforcing structure, to unite with the layer first applied.
- a fibrous reinforcement may be incorporated in the mixture before or during spraying.
- the product may be built up in the mould by alternately spraying layers of the mixture and applying reinforcement, until the desired thickness is built up.
- the mixture is caused or allowed to set, after which the moulded product is removed from the mould.
- the surface of the product which is to be exposed to view may then be treated, for example by sand-blasting or chemically, to remove the cement laitance at the immediate surface and expose the natural colour and texture of the aggregate and give the desired stone-like finish.
- a mortar material (as herein defined) is pumped to a spray gun which is also supplied with compressed air to discharge, in a blast of air, the mortar material in a finely dispersed or "atomised” spray towards a surface to which the mortar material is to be applied, for example a mould surface or a surface of a piece of masonry which is to be repaired or restored.
- the spray gun comprises a hollow cylindrical metal body 10 to which is connected, intermediate the ends of body 10, a mortar inlet pipe 12 whereby mortar can pass, via the pipe 12, into the interior of the body 10.
- a hollow frusto-conical nozzle 14 which, at its forward end, remote from the body 10, carries a replaceable nipple 16 affording the spray outlet of the gun.
- the interior of the nipple 16 is subjected, in use of the apparatus, to a "sand-blasting" effect which produces a fairly high rate of wear in the nipple.
- the nipple is screw-threadedly fitted in a screw-threaded bore at the forward end of nozzle 14 so that the nipple 16 can readily be unscrewed when worn and replaced by a new nipple.
- differently dimensioned nipples might be used for different mortar compositions or for different working conditions, for example.
- the nozzle 14 is itself detachably secured to the body 10, for example, as shown in Figure 2, by inter-engaging screw-threads on the nozzle 14 and body 10, so that the nozzle 14 can simply be unscrewed from the body 10.
- the nozzle 14 is equipped with outwardly projecting wings 15.
- Extending coaxially within the body 10 is a rigid pipe 18, for compressed gas (normally compressed air), the pipe 18 extending from a plug 20 at the rear end of the body 10 and secured at its rear end in this plug 20.
- the pipe 18 extends forwardly, through the interior of the body 10 into the interior of the conical nozzle 14 and terminates in a free end spaced just rearwardly of the nipple 16 and directed towards the nozzle outlet afforded by the latter so that there is defined between the conical interior surface of the nozzle 14 and the pipe 18 an annular space which becomes progressively narrower radially towards the nozzle outlet.
- the air pipe 18 is connected, via the plug 20 and a manually operable air valve 26 with a compressed air line 25 extending from a compressor or other source of compressed air, the compressed air line being connected with the valve 26 via a quick release coupling.
- the mortar inlet point 12 is connected, via a flexible delivery hose 28, with the outlet of a pump 30 driven by a motor 32.
- the inlet of the pump 30 is connected, via a hose 34, with an outlet opening at the lower end of a storage hopper 36 for the mortar material.
- the pump 30 is preferably a peristaltic pump in which a flexible hose connected with the inlet and outlet of the pump, is pinched by rollers at positions which move along the path along which the flexible pipe is extended, during operation of the pump, to propel the mortar material through the pump. It has been found that a pump of this type is able to pump a stiff mortar mix reliably over long periods and is easily maintained.
- the lowermost part of the hopper 36 is in the form of a well or channel having the form of part of a cylinder with a horizontal axis and an agitator paddle 37 is rotated about said horizontal axis, in the bottom of the hopper 36, the vanes 39 of the paddle cooperating closely with the said well or channel to minimise the chance of mortar lodging and setting in "dead spaces".
- the outlet connected with the hose 34 is disposed in the part-cylindrical well or channel.
- a mortar mixer 41 Disposed directly above the hopper 36 is a mortar mixer 41 which has a lowermost part which is in the form of part of a cylinder with a horizontal axis.
- the mixture 41 has an upper part defined by side walls 43 extending tangentially upwardly relative to the cylindrical surface of the lower part and terminating in edges of an upwardly open mouth through which the components of the mortar material may be introduced into the mixer.
- Both the mixer 41 and the hopper 36 have the cross-sectional shape shown in Figure 6 throughout their lengths and have flat vertical end walls as shown in Figure 4.
- a further paddle arrangement 45 is also disposed in the mixer and is rotatable about a horizontal axis which is also the axis of curvature of the cylindrical part of the bottom of the mixer 41, the vanes 46 of the paddle 45 being so dimensioned as to cooperate closely with the inner surface of the part-cylindrical portion of the mixer 41.
- the hopper and mixer paddles 37, 45 have respective horizontal shafts which are journalled in the end walls of the hopper and mixer and extend through said end walls at one end of the apparatus to respective drive pulleys connected by a driving belt, for example a V-belt, or to respective drive sprockets connected by a roller chain.
- the opposite end of the shaft of paddle 37 carries, outside the hopper 36, a further pulley which is driven, by way of a V-belt by a driving motor 50.
- FIG. 7 illustrates in more detail the construction of the paddle arrangement 45 for the mixer. (Apart from dimensions, the paddle arrangement 32 for the hopper 36 is similar). As illustrated, the arrangement comprises four arms 45 a extending radially from the shaft at intervals therealong, and each carrying a respective vane 46.
- the vanes 46 are generally flat, each extending in a plane inclined with respect to the rotary axis of the paddle so that the vane is, in effect, a part of a respective helix about the paddle axis.
- the vanes 46 have arcuate outer edges to cooperate closely with the cylindrical portion of the mixer 41.
- the pair of vanes nearer one end of the shaft are oppositely inclined to the pair nearer the other end of the shaft (i.e.
- Each vane 46 is of composite construction comprising a backing plate 46 a welded to the respective arm 45 a and a sheet 46 b of flexible belting material sandwiched between the backing plate 46 a and a clamping plate 46 c bolted to the plate 46 a through the sheet 46 b .
- the sheet 46 b like the plates 46 a and 46 c , has an arcuate outer edge but this edge of sheet 46 b projects outwardly beyond the plate 46 a and 46 c slightly for actual rubbing contact with the inner surface of the cylindrical part of the mixer 41.
- the construction of the paddle 37 for the hopper 36 is similar, including the vane construction, and the belting sheets of the vanes 39 likewise make rubbing contact with the cylindrical inner surface of hopper 36.
- the vanes 46 are omitted in Figure 3.
- An opening is provided in the lowermost part of the mixer 41 and is closed by a hinged door 49 which can be opened when mixing of a batch of the mortar material has been completed, to allow the mixed batch to fall into the hopper 36.
- the air compressor or other source of compressed air connected with the air pipe 18 is capable of maintaining a pressure of several atmospheres in the compressed air hose 25 with the valve 26 open and the gun in operation, so that a jet of air of substantial force and velocity emerges from the forward end of the pipe 18 to pass through the nipple 16.
- the operation of the pump 30 ensures a steady flow of mortar material into the annular space within the body 10 around the pipe 18 so that there is a steady flow of mortar material through the frusto-conically narrowing annular space within the nozzle so that fresh mortar material is continuously flowing into the region of the air jet emerging from the pipe 18 to pass through the nipple 16 whereby such mortar material can be entrained by the jet and discharged, through the nipple 16, in a fine spray in which, by and large, the individual aggregate particles, each with a cement/water coating, are physically separate from the other such particles in the spray and travel with high velocity towards the surface to which the spray is directed impacting with the said surface with considerable force.
- the surface of the material is provided to a great extent by the surfaces of the aggregate particles themselves and has far fewer and smaller pores than would be the case with a conventional mortar so that the product has more the appearance of a natural stone than of a product moulded or formed from concrete or cement.
- the apparatus described allows the mortar material to be deposited, in densely compacted condition on substantially any stable surface in a layer of desired thickness, for example in a layer as thin as 1/16" (1.5mm) in thickness and in any orientation, for example to a vertical surface or to a downwardly facing horizontal surface (i.e. inverted working).
- novel products in simulated stone or concrete can be readily manufactured by spraying the mortar material around the interiors of relatively complex moulds or in a layer of desired thickness over the exterior of a former.
- the resulting products are strong so that whilst, as noted above, reinforcement may be utilised, such reinforcement is in many cases unnecessary.
- the aggregate employed would generally be a natural aggregate such as sand or shingle, it will be appreciated that aggregates which are not naturally occurring, for example finely divided ceramic particles or the like, for example pigmented materials, may be utilised to afford any desired effect.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Aftertreatments Of Artificial And Natural Stones (AREA)
- Devices For Post-Treatments, Processing, Supply, Discharge, And Other Processes (AREA)
- Adornments (AREA)
- On-Site Construction Work That Accompanies The Preparation And Application Of Concrete (AREA)
- Nozzles (AREA)
Claims (5)
- Vorrichtung zum Aufbringen eines Mörtelmaterials auf eine Oberfläche, umfassend eine Kanone mit einer zylindrischen Kammer (10), die einen Einlaß (12) zur Aufnahme von Mörtelmaterial in diese Kammer aufweist, Pumpenmittel (30), um Mörtelmaterial durch den besagten Einlaß in die besagte Kammer zu liefern, eine Düse (14) als Auslaß aus der besagten Kammer, die eine in Richtung auf den besagten Auslaß konisch zulaufende Innenfläche aufweist, wobei sich eine Druckgasleitung (18) von einem Einlaß für Druckgas in die besagte Kammer hinein erstreckt und einen Auslaß innerhalb dieser Kammer im Bereich der Düse (14) besitzt, wodurch Mörtelmaterial aus der besagten Kammer an dem Rohr (18) vorbei zum Düsenauslaß strömen kann, und eine Druckgasquelle, die über einen Druckgasschlauch (25) an den besagten Einlaß angeschlossen ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die besagte Düse einen die besagte, konisch zulaufende Innenfläche bildenden Düsenkörper umfaßt, wobei ein auswechselbarer Düseneinsatz (16) in das vordere Ende des besagten Düsenkörpers geschraubt ist und den besagten Auslaß bildet, wobei der Kegelwinkel der besagten konischen Innenfläche spitz ist und die besagte Innenfläche des Düsenkörpers von einem Durchmesser, der wenigstens so groß ist wie der der besagten zylindrischen Kammer, zum inneren, hinteren Ende des besagten Düseneinsatzes (16) konisch zuläuft, wobei sich das besagte Luftrohr (18) axial durch die besagte Kammer und über den größeren Teil der axialen Erstreckung der besagten, konisch zulaufenden Innenfläche erstreckt und in einem geraden, freien Ende ausläuft, welches dem besagten Düsenauslaß gegenübersteht, und wobei die besagte Druckgasquelle in der Lage ist, beim Betrieb der Kanone Druckgas mit einer solchen Menge an den besagten Einlaß zu liefern, daß ein Gasdruck von mehreren Atmosphären in dem Druckgasschlauch aufrechterhalten wird, wodurch im Betrieb am besagten freien Ende des besagten Druckgasrohrs vorbeifließendes Mörtelmaterial durch mit hoher Geschwindigkeit von dem besagten Rohrauslaß in Richtung auf und durch den besagten Düsenauslaß strömendes Gas mitgerissen werden kann, wodurch das Mörtelmaterial zerstäubt wird und mit hoher Geschwindigkeit in Form eines Sprays von der Düse ausgestoßen wird.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das besagte Pumpenmittel eine peristaltisch arbeitende Pumpe (30) umfaßt.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Einlaß der besagten, peristaltisch arbeitenden Pumpe mit einem Auslaß eines Mörtelvorratsbehälters (36) verbunden ist, wobei der besagte Behälter (36) einen untersten Abschnitt in Form eines Schachts oder Kanals hat, der die Form eines Zylinders mit horizontaler Achse aufweist, wobei eine Rührschaufel (32) in dem Behälter zur Drehung um die besagte horizontale Achse gehalten ist, wobei die besagte Schaufel Flügel (39) aufweist, die eng mit dem besagten Schacht oder Kanal zusammenarbeiten, wobei der Auslaß aus dem Behälter (36) in dem zum Teil zylindrischen Schacht oder Kanal angeordnet ist.
- Verwendung der Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3 zur Herstellung eines Produkts, welches Naturstein ähnlich ist, umfassend das Zuführen von Druckgas zu dem besagten Druckgasrohr (18) von dem besagten Druckgasschlauch (25), um einen Druck von mehreren Atmosphären im Druckgasschlauch aufrechtzuerhalten, während sich die Kanone im Betrieb befindet, Pumpen von Mörtelmaterial durch das besagte Pumpenmittel (30) über den besagten Einlaß (12) in die besagte Kammer (10), so daß ein ununterbrochener Strom von Mörtelmaterial in den Austrittsbereich des Gasstrahls aus dem Druckgasrohr (18) geschaffen wird, wodurch das Mörtelmaterial durch den Strahl mitgerissen und durch den besagten Auslaß aus der besagten Düse abgegeben werden kann, und Richten des entstehenden Sprays, der aus der besagten Düse (14) austritt, gegen eine Oberfläche.
- Verwendung der Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3 zur Herstellung eines Produkts, welches Naturstein ähnlich ist, umfassend das Zuführen von Druckgas zu dem besagten Druckgasrohr (18) zu dem besagten Druckgasschlauch (25), um einen Druck von mehreren Atmosphären im Druckgasschlauch aufrechtzuerhalten, während sich die Kanone im Betrieb befindet, Pumpen von Mörtelmaterial durch das besagte Pumpenmittel (30) über den besagten Einlaß (12) in die besagte Kammer (10), so daß ein ununterbrochener Strom von Mörtelmaterial in den Austrittsbereich des Gasstrahls aus dem Druckgasrohr (18) geschaffen wird, wodurch das Mörtelmaterial durch den Strahl mitgerissen und durch den besagten Auslaß aus der besagten Düse abgegeben werden kann, und Richten des entstehenden Sprays, der aus der besagten Düse austritt, gegen eine Formoberfläche und Entformen des entstehenden Produkts, nachdem die Mischung abgebunden hat.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB8900736 | 1989-01-13 | ||
GB898900736A GB8900736D0 (en) | 1989-01-13 | 1989-01-13 | Method of fabricating products simulating natural stone |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0378437A2 EP0378437A2 (de) | 1990-07-18 |
EP0378437A3 EP0378437A3 (de) | 1991-01-16 |
EP0378437B1 true EP0378437B1 (de) | 1994-05-18 |
Family
ID=10649980
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP90300376A Expired - Lifetime EP0378437B1 (de) | 1989-01-13 | 1990-01-12 | Verfahren zum Auftragen von Mörtel auf eine Formfläche |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0378437B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE105904T1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE69008873T2 (de) |
GB (1) | GB8900736D0 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2015134978A1 (en) * | 2014-03-07 | 2015-09-11 | StoneCoat of Texas, LLC | Limestone masonry veneer, resurfacing and aesthetic overlay compositions, methods of making and methods of use |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2676020B1 (fr) * | 1991-05-02 | 1998-06-05 | Sogea | Procede de fabrication d'un materiau de parement a base de mortier renforce par des fibres de verre. |
AT399899B (de) * | 1992-02-17 | 1995-08-25 | Burian Gmbh & Co Kg | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum monolithischen aufbringen einer dämm- und/oder brandschutzmasse auf eine fläche |
DE29621384U1 (de) * | 1996-12-10 | 1997-01-30 | Deitermann Chemiewerk GmbH & Co KG, 45711 Datteln | Spritzpistole zum Verteilen und Aufbringen von Massen mit einem hohen Anteil an Bitumen-Wasser-Emulsion |
FR3038331B1 (fr) * | 2015-06-30 | 2019-05-17 | Eurl Baumer Damien | Systeme et procede de projection de beton leger d'isolation |
CN107724651A (zh) * | 2017-10-10 | 2018-02-23 | 火星盛世机械制造有限公司 | 墙面砂浆打印多喷头装置及建筑墙面砂浆打印一体机器人 |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2004465A (en) * | 1930-02-26 | 1935-06-11 | Walker Cement Products Inc | Cement shingle |
US3708124A (en) * | 1968-06-07 | 1973-01-02 | P Kellert | Cement spray gun |
GB1306793A (en) * | 1971-02-05 | 1973-02-14 | British Ceramic Res Ass | Apparatus for blasting material such as a column of extruded material |
FR2228364A5 (de) * | 1973-05-04 | 1974-11-29 | Ippolito Marceau | |
GB1489604A (en) * | 1974-12-02 | 1977-10-26 | Wilce B | Moulding of channel sections |
GB2011518A (en) * | 1977-11-23 | 1979-07-11 | Ibstock Building Products Ltd | Cement guns |
FR2421679A1 (fr) * | 1978-04-06 | 1979-11-02 | Lambert Ind | Embout de projection pour materiau pateux |
GB8322812D0 (en) * | 1983-08-25 | 1983-09-28 | Corrosion Systems Ltd | Fibre reinforced cement applicator |
FR2577844B1 (fr) * | 1985-02-26 | 1990-08-24 | Gorget Jacques | Procede de fabrication de pierres de taille reconstituees ayant l'aspect de pierres de recuperation et pierres ainsi obtenues |
EP0200026A3 (de) * | 1985-04-17 | 1987-03-04 | Walter Dkfm Ing. Neumüller | Pumpe |
US4668451A (en) * | 1985-05-09 | 1987-05-26 | Langson Bruce K | Process of making a full life size artificial rock formation from a natural rock formation surface |
-
1989
- 1989-01-13 GB GB898900736A patent/GB8900736D0/en active Pending
-
1990
- 1990-01-12 EP EP90300376A patent/EP0378437B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-01-12 DE DE69008873T patent/DE69008873T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-01-12 AT AT90300376T patent/ATE105904T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2015134978A1 (en) * | 2014-03-07 | 2015-09-11 | StoneCoat of Texas, LLC | Limestone masonry veneer, resurfacing and aesthetic overlay compositions, methods of making and methods of use |
US10315956B2 (en) | 2014-03-07 | 2019-06-11 | StoneCoat of Texas, LLC | Limestone masonry veneer, resurfacing and aesthetic overlay compositions, methods of making and methods of use |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB8900736D0 (en) | 1989-03-08 |
DE69008873D1 (de) | 1994-06-23 |
DE69008873T2 (de) | 1995-01-05 |
EP0378437A2 (de) | 1990-07-18 |
EP0378437A3 (de) | 1991-01-16 |
ATE105904T1 (de) | 1994-06-15 |
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