EP0377541A1 - Process and apparatus for anchoring the shieldings of a reinforced-earth wall - Google Patents
Process and apparatus for anchoring the shieldings of a reinforced-earth wall Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0377541A1 EP0377541A1 EP90420001A EP90420001A EP0377541A1 EP 0377541 A1 EP0377541 A1 EP 0377541A1 EP 90420001 A EP90420001 A EP 90420001A EP 90420001 A EP90420001 A EP 90420001A EP 0377541 A1 EP0377541 A1 EP 0377541A1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- scale
- pads
- support plate
- support
- tie rod
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/0086—Bearing plates
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/02—Foundation pits
- E02D17/04—Bordering surfacing or stiffening the sides of foundation pits
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
- E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
- E02D29/0225—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill
- E02D29/0233—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill the retention means being anchors
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
- E02D5/76—Anchorings for bulkheads or sections thereof in as much as specially adapted therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
- E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
- E04G23/0218—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements
Definitions
- the subject of the invention is a method and a device for anchoring the scales of a reinforced earth wall.
- Some reinforced earth walls are made up of unreinforced concrete scales on their outside facing which hold the grounds by means of metal reinforcements embedded in the grounds and moored to the scales. Some walls thus constructed are threatened with ruin due to the oxidation of the frames embedded in the ground.
- the subject of the invention is a method and a device making it possible to effectively repair such walls and to avoid their ruin.
- the scales are anchored by means of support plates which retain them and which are properly anchored to the ground.
- the first plates used had a square shape and then a four-pointed star. As, over their entire surface, they are in contact with the supported scale, they do not allow the desired anchoring force to be obtained in the tie rod. Indeed, cracks appear in the scale from the central hole (12), whatever the dimensions of the support plate, while the force required in the anchor rod is not yet reached.
- the method of anchoring the scales of a reinforced earth wall, which are held in place by support plates by means of tie rods suitably anchored in the ground and the head of which passes through a previously drilled hole substantially in the center of the scale is characterized in that: - said support plates are given a shape such that they rest on the scale they cover by means of several skids or feet equidistant from the center of the scale and located on the axes of symmetry or the diagonals of tortoiseshell, - the number of skates is greater than or equal to 4, - the pads are the only points of contact between the scale and the support plate, - The support plate is secured to the head of the tie rod by a nut.
- the invention also relates to a device allowing the implementation of the above-mentioned method, and more precisely a support plate characterized in that: - It is in the general form of a star with 4 suitably ribbed branches, coming from a crown or from a hub forming a central sleeve for the passage of the head of the tie rod and the support of the tightening nut of tensioning of the tie rod, - each branch of the star formed by the support plate has at its end a raised pad allowing the plate to press on the scale by these pads only, - It is obtained by molding.
- FIG. 1 there is illustrated in longitudinal section, at the level of the head of a tie rod, the positioning of a support plate making it possible to retain a scale of unreinforced concrete from the facing of the wall. in an armed land threatened with ruin.
- the terrain is referenced and in 11, a scale of the facing which is of substantially rectangular shape with recesses facilitating the staggered laying of these scales, as it appears more clearly in FIG. 2.
- FIG. 1 it can be seen that, in the unreinforced concrete scale 11, a hole 12 has been drilled substantially in the center of the scale, as also identified in FIG. 2.
- the hole 12 has been made at an angle determined by calculation, suitably inclined on the horizontal as it appears more clearly in figure 3.
- the drilling was done, through the scale and over a length calculated, in the land, this length being a function of the nature of the land and the height of the embankment to be maintained.
- the length of the tie rod, at the level of the median scale 11 was of the order of 5 meters.
- a draft and drilling length of 4 meters may be sufficient, while at the underlying level 11 ⁇ , the calculation will indicate a draft length of 6 meters for example.
- the tie rod has been identified, which may be constituted by a steel bar comprising, at its head 14, a thread for placing a tightening nut over a support washer 16 and a seal 17 (for example, made of Shore hardness rubber 80) holding the support plate 18 which is carried by its pads 19 on the outer surface of the scale 11.
- the support plate 18 has, on its internal face turned towards the terrain, a sort of crown 20 towards the rear and a hub 41 towards the front forming a central sleeve, the whole inclined along an axis 42 on the horizontal and therefore at an angle relative to the general support plane of the plate 18.
- a tube 21 made of a suitable plastic material such as PVC is engaged on the crown 20.
- another section of tube of similar quality plastic material 22 is engaged, comprising a truncated cone 22a uniting a portion of reduced diameter 22b which encloses the tube 21 and a portion 22c of enlarged diameter adapting, with a certain clearance, to inside the borehole 12.
- a third section of tube 23 of similar quality is also received.
- the total length of the three sections engaged end to end 21, 22, 23 is chosen so as to correspond substantially to the thickness of the scale 21.
- These sections can be joined together, for example, by gluing or heat sealing, and the tube 21 can be fixed, for example by gluing on the crown 20.
- the support plate 18 is in the form of a star with 4 ribbed branches, marked 34 to 37, oriented at 90 ° from each other, and positioned on each scale such that 11, so that the support pads 19, located at the ends of each branch, are on the diagonals 38, 39 of the scales, at a certain distance from their center 40, where the orifice 12 has been drilled the passage of the tie.
- the scales such as 11 were of a substantially square shape 1.50 m on a side, while the 4-pointed star 18 was inscribed substantially inside a 40 cm square side, i.e. a distance from shoe 19 to shoe 19, opposite on the same diagonal, of the order of 50cm.
- the plate 18 is made of cast iron, as well as the pads 19 which are part of this plate.
- the abovementioned support plates make it possible to limit, to precise regions of the unreinforced concrete flakes 11, the rigid support contacts, which allows the abovementioned scales to withstand, in much better conditions, the forces brought by the anchors.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
- Retaining Walls (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
Description
L'invention a pour objet un procédé et un dispositif pour l'ancrage des écailles d'un mur en terre armée.The subject of the invention is a method and a device for anchoring the scales of a reinforced earth wall.
Certains murs en terre armée sont constitués sur leur parement extérieur d'écailles en béton non armé qui retiennent les terrains au moyen d'armatures métalliques noyées dans les terrains et amarrées aux écailles. Certains murs ainsi construits sont menacés de ruine à cause de l'oxydation des armatures noyées dans le terrain.Some reinforced earth walls are made up of unreinforced concrete scales on their outside facing which hold the grounds by means of metal reinforcements embedded in the grounds and moored to the scales. Some walls thus constructed are threatened with ruin due to the oxidation of the frames embedded in the ground.
L'invention a pour objet un procédé et un dispositif permettant de réparer efficacement de tels murs et d'éviter leur ruine.The subject of the invention is a method and a device making it possible to effectively repair such walls and to avoid their ruin.
On connait déjà un moyen pour réparer ces murs. On procède à l'ancrage des écailles au moyen de plaques d'appui qui les retiennent et qui sont convenablement ancrées au terrain. Les premières plaques utilisées eurent une forme carrée puis d'étoile à quatre branches. Comme, sur toute leur surface, elles sont au contact de l'écaille soutenue, elles ne permettent pas d'obtenir la force d'ancrage souhaitée dans le tirant. En effet, des fissures apparaissent dans l'écaille à partir du trou central (12), quelque soient les dimensions de la plaque d'appui, alors que la force requise dans le tirant d'ancrage n'est pas encore atteinte.We already know a way to repair these walls. The scales are anchored by means of support plates which retain them and which are properly anchored to the ground. The first plates used had a square shape and then a four-pointed star. As, over their entire surface, they are in contact with the supported scale, they do not allow the desired anchoring force to be obtained in the tie rod. Indeed, cracks appear in the scale from the central hole (12), whatever the dimensions of the support plate, while the force required in the anchor rod is not yet reached.
Différents dispositifs ont, dans le passé, été imaginés pour soutenir les parois rocheuses : - TALOBRE (CH-A-448 941)
- DOHMEIER (FR-1 556 669)
- WILLIAMS (US-A-3 415 066).Various devices have been devised in the past to support the rock walls: - TALOBRE (CH-A-448 941)
- DOHMEIER (FR-1 556 669)
- WILLIAMS (US-A-3 415 066).
Ils ne permettent pas de résoudre le problème posé, car ils ne tiennent pas compte des axes principaux liés à l'écaille (axes de symétrie, diagonales), du comportement mécanique de ces écailles en béton non armé d'épaisseur faible, qui est très différent du comportement d'une paroi rocheuse, de la nécessité d'éloigner les surfaces d'appui de la plaque du trou foré dans l'écaille et de dimensionner celles-ci afin d'éviter le poinçonnement, de la faible déformabilité que doit présenter la plaque d'appui afin qu'aucun nouveau point de contact n'apparaisse lorsqu'on exerce l'effort sur le tirant.They do not make it possible to solve the problem posed, because they do not take account of the principal axes related to the scale (axes of symmetry, diagonals), of the mechanical behavior of these scales in unreinforced concrete of low thickness, which is very different from the behavior of a rock wall, from the need to move the bearing surfaces of the plate away from the hole drilled in the scale and to size them in order to avoid punching, due to the low deformability that must present the support plate so that no new point of contact appears when the force is exerted on the tie rod.
Il en est de même pour le dispositif ROUMAGNOU (FR-A-2-334 806) qui n'éloigne pas les surfaces d'appui du trou foré dans l'écaille.It is the same for the ROUMAGNOU device (FR-A-2-334 806) which does not move the bearing surfaces away from the hole drilled in the scale.
Conformément à l'invention, le procédé d'ancrage des écailles d'un mur en terre armée, qui sont maintenues en place par des plaques d'appui au moyen de tirants convenablement ancrés dans le terrain et dont la tête traverse un trou préalablement foré sensiblement au centre de l'écaille, se caractérise en ce que :
- on donne aux dites plaques d'appui une forme telle qu'elles prennent appui sur l'écaille qu'elles coiffent au moyen de plusieurs patins ou pieds équidistants du centre de l'écaille et situés sur les axes de symétrie ou les diagonales de l'écaille,
- le nombre de patins est supérieur ou égal à 4,
- les patins sont les seuls points de contact entre l'écaille et la plaque d'appui,
- la plaque d'appui est solidarisée à la tête du tirant par un écrou.In accordance with the invention, the method of anchoring the scales of a reinforced earth wall, which are held in place by support plates by means of tie rods suitably anchored in the ground and the head of which passes through a previously drilled hole substantially in the center of the scale, is characterized in that:
- said support plates are given a shape such that they rest on the scale they cover by means of several skids or feet equidistant from the center of the scale and located on the axes of symmetry or the diagonals of tortoiseshell,
- the number of skates is greater than or equal to 4,
- the pads are the only points of contact between the scale and the support plate,
- The support plate is secured to the head of the tie rod by a nut.
Avantageusement, on prévoit 4 points d'appui des plaques sur les dites écailles, répartis sensiblement selon les diagonales des écailles.Advantageously, provision is made for 4 points of support for the plates on the said scales, distributed substantially along the diagonals of the scales.
Lorsqu'on opère de la sorte, on peut, au moyen d'un nombre limité de plaques d'appui, à savoir une par écaille, répartir et équilibrer convenablement les efforts de soutènement sur chaque écaille et retenir convenablement les terrains dans des conditions très avantageuses de coût d'intervention.When operating in this way, it is possible, by means of a limited number of support plates, namely one per scale, to distribute and balance the support forces suitably on each scale and to properly retain the ground under very advantageous intervention costs.
L'invention se rapporte également à un dispositif permettant la mise en oeuvre du procédé sus mentionné, et plus précisément une plaque d'appui caractérisée en ce que :
- elle se présente sous la forme générale d'une étoile à 4 branches convenablement nervurées, issues d'une couronne ou d'un moyeu formant manchon central pour le passage de la tête du tirant et l'appui de l'écrou de serrage de mise en tension du tirant,
- chaque branche de l'étoile que forme la plaque d'appui comporte à son extrémité un patin en relief permettant à la plaque d'appuyer sur l'écaille par ces seuls patins,
- elle est obtenue par moulage.The invention also relates to a device allowing the implementation of the above-mentioned method, and more precisely a support plate characterized in that:
- It is in the general form of a star with 4 suitably ribbed branches, coming from a crown or from a hub forming a central sleeve for the passage of the head of the tie rod and the support of the tightening nut of tensioning of the tie rod,
- each branch of the star formed by the support plate has at its end a raised pad allowing the plate to press on the scale by these pads only,
- It is obtained by molding.
L'invention et sa mise en oeuvre apparaitront plus clairement à l'aide de la description, qui va suivre, faite en référence aux dessins annexés illustrant un mode de mise en oeuvre et dans lesquels :
- - la figure 1 est une coupe transversale faite au niveau de la tête d'un tirant mis en place à travers une écaille à soutenir conformément au procédé de l'invention,
- - la figure 2 montre, de façon schématique, un plan d'intervention sur un mur en terre armée menaçant ruine,
- - la figure 3 montre une vue en coupe faite dans le plan III-III de la figure 2, illustrant schématiquement la mise en place des tirants ancrés dans les terrains,
- - la figure 4 montre, en vue en plan, de l'extérieur, sensiblement selon la flèche IV de la figure 1, la forme de la plaque d'appui,
- - la figure 5 montre, en vue perspective, une plaque d'appui vue de l'autre côté, sensiblement selon la flèche V de la figure 1.
- FIG. 1 is a cross section made at the level of the head of a tie rod placed through a flange to be supported in accordance with the method of the invention,
- - Figure 2 shows, schematically, an intervention plan on an earthen wall threatening ruin,
- FIG. 3 shows a sectional view made in the plane III-III of FIG. 2, schematically illustrating the positioning of the tie rods anchored in the terrain,
- FIG. 4 shows, in plan view, from the outside, substantially along arrow IV of FIG. 1, the shape of the support plate,
- FIG. 5 shows, in perspective view, a support plate seen from the other side, substantially along arrow V of FIG. 1.
En se référant tout d'abord à la figure 1 on a illustré en coupe longitudinale, au niveau de la tête d'un tirant, le positionnement d'une plaque d'appui permettant de retenir une écaille en béton non armé du parement du mur en terre armée menacé de ruine. En 10, sont référencés les terrains et en 11, une écaille du parement qui est de forme sensiblement rectangulaire avec des décrochements facilitant la pose en quinconce de ces écailles, comme il apparait plus clairement à la figure 2.Referring first to Figure 1 there is illustrated in longitudinal section, at the level of the head of a tie rod, the positioning of a support plate making it possible to retain a scale of unreinforced concrete from the facing of the wall. in an armed land threatened with ruin. In 10, the terrain is referenced and in 11, a scale of the facing which is of substantially rectangular shape with recesses facilitating the staggered laying of these scales, as it appears more clearly in FIG. 2.
A la figure 1, on aperçoit que, dans l'écaille en béton non armé 11, a été foré un trou 12 sensiblement au centre de l'écaille, comme repéré également à la figure 2. Le trou 12 a été fait sous un angle déterminé par le calcul, convenablement incliné sur l'horizontale comme il apparait plus clairement à la figure 3. Le forage a été fait, à travers l'écaille et sur une longueur calculée, dans les terrains, cette longueur étant fonction de la nature du terrain et de la hauteur du remblai à maintenir. Dans l'exemple de la figure 3, on a supposé que la longueur du tirant, au niveau de l'écaille médiane 11 était de l'ordre de 5 mètres. Pour l'écaille de niveau supérieur 11′ , une longueur de tirant et de forage de 4 mètres peut suffire, tandis qu'au niveau sous-jacent 11˝, le calcul indiquera une longueur de tirant de 6 mètres par exemple.In FIG. 1, it can be seen that, in the
En 13, a été repéré le tirant, qui peut être constitué par une barre d'acier comportant, au niveau de sa tête 14, un filetage pour la mise en place d'un écrou de serrage par dessus une rondelle d'appui 16 et un joint 17 (par exemple, en caoutchouc de dureté Shore 80) venant maintenir la plaque d'appui 18 qui vient porter par ses patins 19 sur la surface extérieure de l'écaille 11.At 13, the tie rod has been identified, which may be constituted by a steel bar comprising, at its
A la figure 1, on voit également que la plaque d'appui 18 comporte, sur sa face interne tournée vers les terrains, une sorte de couronne 20 vers l'arrière et un moyeu 41 vers l'avant formant manchon central, le tout incliné selon un axe 42 sur l'horizontale et donc en biais par rapport au plan d'appui général de la plaque 18. Sur la couronne 20, est engagé un tube 21 en matière plastique appropriée telle que le P.V.C.. Par dessus le tube 21, est engagée une autre section de tube en matière plastique de qualité semblable 22, comportant un tronc de cône 22a réunissant une partie de diamètre réduit 22b venant enserrer le tube 21 et une partie 22c de diamètre élargi s'adaptant, avec un certain jeu, à l'intérieur du forage 12. Dans cette section 22c de diamètre élargi, est également reçue une troisième section de tube 23 de qualité semblable. La longueur totale des trois sections engagées bout à bout 21, 22, 23, est choisie de façon à correspondre sensiblement à l'épaisseur de l'écaille 21. Ces sections peuvent être réunies entre elles, par exemple, par collage ou thermosoudage, et le tube 21 peut être fixé, par exemple par collage sur la couronne 20.In FIG. 1, it can also be seen that the
Toujours à la figure 1, on aperçoit, vers l'extrémité libre de la dernière section 23 de tube en matière plastique, un joint 24 en mousse plastique maintenu en place autour de la section 23 par un feuillard, fil de fer ou analogue 25. Comme il apparait clairement aux dessins, le joint 24 porte à l'intérieur du trou foré dans l'écaille, assurant l'étanchéité à ce niveau.Still in FIG. 1, we can see, towards the free end of the
En se reportant aux figures 4 et 5, on aperçoit plus clairement la forme générale de la plaque d'appui 18, formée en étoile à 4 branches avec 4 patins d'appui 19, et, les 3 sections 21, 22, 23 de tube plastique reçues sur la couronne 20 de la plaque ainsi que le joint d'étanchéité 24 en mousse.Referring to Figures 4 and 5, we can more clearly see the general shape of the
On décrira maintenant le procédé de mise en place du dispositif conforme à l'invention.We will now describe the method of setting up the device according to the invention.
Tout d'abord, on aura déterminé, par le calcul, au niveau de chaque écaille, la longueur et la direction du forage qui devra être effectué à travers chaque écaille du parement du mur à réparer. Ces indications pourront être reportées schématiquement sur le plan d'intervention de la figure 2, en indiquant :
- par un rond plein, les tirants d'une longueur déterminée, par exemple de 5 mètres,
- par un rond marqué d'une croix, les tirants déterminés d'une longueur inférieure, par exemple de 4 mètres,
- par un rond clair, les tirants d'une longueur supérieure, par exemple de 6 mètres,
- etc...First of all, we will have determined, by calculation, at the level of each scale, the length and direction of the drilling that will have to be carried out through each scale of the facing of the wall to be repaired. These indications can be schematically transferred to the intervention plan in Figure 2, indicating:
- by a solid circle, tie rods of a determined length, for example 5 meters,
- by a circle marked with a cross, the determined tie rods of a shorter length, for example 4 meters,
- with a clear circle, tie rods of a greater length, for example 6 meters,
- etc ...
Au niveau de chaque écaille, on procèdera ensuite au forage, sensiblement au centre de chaque écaille, d'un trou de diamètre et de longueur déterminés pour le passage du tirant 13 et son ancrage au terrain. Après réalisation du forage à travers l'écaille et mise en place du tirant 13, on le scellera de façon classique, avec un coulis de ciment de remplissage tel que figuré en 26. Ce coulis, après refus des terrains, prendra sensiblement une orientation horizontale, comme illustrée à la figure 1. Bien entendu, le tirant 13 a été mis en place de façon à ce que sa tête 14 dépasse suffisament au-dessus de l'écaille 11, pour que l'on puisse passer, ensuite par dessus, la plaque d'appui 18, les rondelles 16 et 17 de mise en place, et que l'on puisse serrer l'écrou 15 de mise en tension.At each scale, we will then drill, substantially in the center of each scale, a hole of diameter and length determined for the passage of the
Lorsque le coulis de ciment 26 s'est suffisamment solidifié, on met en place, par dessus la tête 14 du tirant , la plaque d'appui 18 pourvue des trois sections de tube 21, 22, 23, et du joint d'étanchéité 24, jusqu'à bon positionnement, c'est-à-dire jusqu'à ce que les patins 19 viennent porter contre l'écaille 11. Et parallèlement, on a pris soin d'engager un tube 27 dans l'orifice du forage 12 qui viendra déboucher, derrière le joint d'étanchéité 24, dans l'espace, pour l'instant laissé vide, au-dessus du coulis 26 de scellement du tirant. On a repéré en 27a le point où débouche, dans cet espace, l'orifice du tube de remplissage 27. On peut alors introduire, par ce tube, le coulis de complément servant à la finition de l'ancrage et à la protection de la tête du tirant, lequel coulis va venir remplir tout l'espace libre entre le tirant 13 et le tubage constitué par l'intérieur des sections de tube 21, 22, 23 et également l'intervalle libre entre la couronne 20 et la tête du tirant. On a figuré et hachuré, en 28, ce coulis de complément. L'opération de mise en place du coulis de complément est facilitée par la prévision d'un trou d'évent 29, dirigé radialement vers l'extérieur de la plaque d'appui dans son moyeu 41 et dans sa partie basse ; Cet évent pouvant, du reste, communiquer avec un tuyau d'évent 30, pour la reprise du coulis de complément en surplus. En 31, 32 on a figuré des cales pour le bon fonctionnement de la plaque 18 fixée à son tube 21, 22, 23 de mise en place et scellement convenable.When the
Ces opérations étant terminées, on peut, lorsque le tirant 13 est convenablement ancré, serrer solidement l'écrou 15 de mise en tension du système.These operations being completed, it is possible, when the
En se reportant à nouveau aux figures 4 et 5, on décrira plus précisément la configuration particulière de la plaque d'appui en étoile 18 utilisée dans l'exemple décrit.Referring again to Figures 4 and 5, we will describe more precisely the particular configuration of the
Les écailles en béton étant de forme rectangulaire, la plaque d'appui 18 se présente sous la forme d'une étoile à 4 branches nervurées, repérées 34 à 37, orientées à 90° les unes des autres, et positionnées sur chaque écaille telle que 11, de façon à ce que les patins d'appui 19, situés aux extrémités de chaque branche, se trouvent sur les diagonales 38, 39 des écailles, à une certaine distance de leur centre 40, où a été foré l'orifice 12 pour le passage du tirant. Les patins 19, situés aux extrémités des branches 34 à 37 de l'étoile qui s'appuient à cet endroit sur l'écaille 11, répartissent donc des efforts d'appui en 4 zones situées sur les diagonales de l'écaille. Dans l'exemple de réalisation illustré, les écailles telles que 11 étaient de forme sensiblement carrée de 1,50 m de côté, tandis que l'étoile à 4 branches 18 était inscrite sensiblement à l'intérieur d'un carré de 40 cm de côté, soit une distance de patin 19 à patin 19, opposés sur une même diagonale, de l'ordre de 50cm. Avantageusement la plaque 18 est constituée en fonte, ainsi que les patins 19 qui font partie de cette plaque.The concrete scales being rectangular, the
La comparaison des figures 1 et 4 permet de bien apercevoir la configuration nervurée de l'étoile, autorisant la réparation de murs en terre armée pour un poids réduit, et, évitant, dans la position d'utilisation contre le mur, que l'eau provenant des intempéries puisse stagner sur le moyeu 41 des plaques 18.The comparison of Figures 1 and 4 makes it possible to clearly see the ribbed configuration of the star, allowing the repair of reinforced earth walls for a reduced weight, and, avoiding, in the position of use against the wall, that water from the weather may stagnate on the
Aux figures 1, 4 et 5, on aperçoit également, sur le côté face interne de la plaque d'appui 18, la couronne en saillie 20, inclinée en biais par rapport au plan général d'appui des patins 19, et sur laquelle pourra venir se fixer aisément le tube en matière plastique composite 21, 22, 23 ci-dessus décrit, qui facilite la mise en place des plaques sur le mur.In FIGS. 1, 4 and 5, we can also see, on the internal face side of the
Les plaques d'appui précitées permettent de limiter, à des régions précises des écailles en béton non armé 11, les contacts rigides d'appui, ce qui permet aux écailles sus-visées de résister, dans de bien meilleures conditions, aux efforts amenés par les tirants d'ancrage.The abovementioned support plates make it possible to limit, to precise regions of the unreinforced
Claims (7)
- en ce qu'on donne aux dites plaques d'appui (18) une forme telle que chacune prenne appui sur l'écaille (11) qu'elle retient au moyen de plusieurs patins ou pieds (19) équidistants du centre de l'écaille (40) et situés sur les axes de symétrie ou les diagonales de l'écaille,
- en ce que le nombre de patins est supérieur ou égal à 4,
- en ce que les patins sont les seuls points de contact entre l'écaille et la plaque d'appui,
- en ce que la plaque d'appui est solidarisée à la tête du tirant (14) par un écrou (15).1. A method of repairing reinforced earth walls composed of unreinforced concrete scales, which scales are held by support plates, by means of tie rods suitably anchored in the ground, the head of which passes through a hole previously drilled substantially at center of the scale, characterized:
- in that the said support plates (18) are given a shape such that each is supported on the scale (11) which it retains by means of several pads or feet (19) equidistant from the center of the scale (40) and located on the axes of symmetry or the diagonals of the scale,
- in that the number of pads is greater than or equal to 4,
- in that the pads are the only points of contact between the scale and the support plate,
- in that the support plate is secured to the head of the tie rod (14) by a nut (15).
- en ce qu'elle présente la forme générale d'une étoile à 4 branches convenablement nervurées (34 à 37), dirigées chacune sensiblement à 90° de la suivante, et, issues d'un moyeu(41) formant manchon central pour le passage de la tête (14) du tirant (13) et l'appui de l'écrou de serrage (15) solidarisant la plaque au tirant,
- en ce que chaque branche de l'étoile comporte à son extrémité un patin en relief (19) permettant à la plaque d'appuyer sur l'écaille par ces seuls patins,
- en ce qu'elle est obtenue par moulage.3. Support plate for implementing the method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized:
- in that it has the general shape of a star with 4 suitably ribbed branches (34 to 37), each directed substantially 90 ° from the next, and, coming from a hub (41) forming a central sleeve for passage of the head (14) of the tie rod (13) and the support of the tightening nut (15) securing the plate to the tie rod,
- in that each branch of the star has at its end a raised pad (19) allowing the plate to press on the scale by these pads alone,
- in that it is obtained by molding.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8900031A FR2641295B1 (en) | 1989-01-03 | 1989-01-03 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR ANCHORING THE SUPPORT SCALES OF AN ARMORED WALL |
FR8900031 | 1989-01-03 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0377541A1 true EP0377541A1 (en) | 1990-07-11 |
EP0377541B1 EP0377541B1 (en) | 1993-06-23 |
Family
ID=9377454
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP90420001A Revoked EP0377541B1 (en) | 1989-01-03 | 1990-01-02 | Process and apparatus for anchoring the shieldings of a reinforced-earth wall |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0377541B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE90984T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69002007T2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK0377541T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2043327T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2641295B1 (en) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0861969A1 (en) * | 1997-02-26 | 1998-09-02 | Johannes Radtke | Mine roof bearing plate |
DE19754506A1 (en) * | 1997-12-09 | 1999-06-10 | Ross Kurt G | Pillar anchor support structure |
EP0939168A3 (en) * | 1998-02-26 | 1999-12-08 | Kurt G. Ross | Method for restoring retaining walls |
FR2796091A1 (en) | 1999-07-09 | 2001-01-12 | Bouygues Travaux Publics | Load-distributing thrust plate e.g. for earth or rock-retaining long bolt is made from concrete reinforced with metal or organic fibres |
FR2900669A1 (en) * | 2006-05-04 | 2007-11-09 | Profractal Sarl | METHOD FOR PROTECTION AGAINST CORROSION OF REINFORCED FLOOR WORKS |
FR2953231A1 (en) * | 2009-11-30 | 2011-06-03 | Geotechnique Et Travaux Speciaux | Method for stabilizing terrain for building site, involves fixing set of anchoring rods in corresponding orifices, and fixing set of reinforced concrete spalls on anchoring rods, and filling drainage space with drainage material |
WO2012029012A3 (en) * | 2010-08-30 | 2012-06-21 | Ian Levitan | A bearing plate assembly for a rock anchor |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH448941A (en) * | 1966-04-22 | 1967-12-31 | Antoine Talobre Joseph | Rock wall support device |
US3415066A (en) * | 1966-01-12 | 1968-12-10 | Chester I. Williams | Bearing bracket for rock bolts |
EP0166656A2 (en) * | 1984-06-29 | 1986-01-02 | Claude Louis | Prefabricated retaining elements for protecting, reinforcing and/or lining excavations, anchoring and connecting devices, and method for using these elements and devices |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3464308A (en) * | 1967-03-08 | 1969-09-02 | Dohmeier Hans Otto | Rod anchoring means |
FR2334806A1 (en) * | 1975-12-12 | 1977-07-08 | Roumagnou Andre | Bridge structure consolidation system - using mortar injected around tie rod with forged thread to receive nuts abutting plates |
-
1989
- 1989-01-03 FR FR8900031A patent/FR2641295B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1990
- 1990-01-02 DK DK90420001.1T patent/DK0377541T3/en active
- 1990-01-02 AT AT90420001T patent/ATE90984T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-01-02 ES ES90420001T patent/ES2043327T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-01-02 EP EP90420001A patent/EP0377541B1/en not_active Revoked
- 1990-01-02 DE DE69002007T patent/DE69002007T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3415066A (en) * | 1966-01-12 | 1968-12-10 | Chester I. Williams | Bearing bracket for rock bolts |
CH448941A (en) * | 1966-04-22 | 1967-12-31 | Antoine Talobre Joseph | Rock wall support device |
EP0166656A2 (en) * | 1984-06-29 | 1986-01-02 | Claude Louis | Prefabricated retaining elements for protecting, reinforcing and/or lining excavations, anchoring and connecting devices, and method for using these elements and devices |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0861969A1 (en) * | 1997-02-26 | 1998-09-02 | Johannes Radtke | Mine roof bearing plate |
DE19754506A1 (en) * | 1997-12-09 | 1999-06-10 | Ross Kurt G | Pillar anchor support structure |
EP0939168A3 (en) * | 1998-02-26 | 1999-12-08 | Kurt G. Ross | Method for restoring retaining walls |
FR2796091A1 (en) | 1999-07-09 | 2001-01-12 | Bouygues Travaux Publics | Load-distributing thrust plate e.g. for earth or rock-retaining long bolt is made from concrete reinforced with metal or organic fibres |
FR2900669A1 (en) * | 2006-05-04 | 2007-11-09 | Profractal Sarl | METHOD FOR PROTECTION AGAINST CORROSION OF REINFORCED FLOOR WORKS |
WO2007128913A1 (en) * | 2006-05-04 | 2007-11-15 | Profractal | Method to protect structures in reinforced soil against corrosion |
FR2953231A1 (en) * | 2009-11-30 | 2011-06-03 | Geotechnique Et Travaux Speciaux | Method for stabilizing terrain for building site, involves fixing set of anchoring rods in corresponding orifices, and fixing set of reinforced concrete spalls on anchoring rods, and filling drainage space with drainage material |
WO2012029012A3 (en) * | 2010-08-30 | 2012-06-21 | Ian Levitan | A bearing plate assembly for a rock anchor |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0377541B1 (en) | 1993-06-23 |
FR2641295B1 (en) | 1991-12-13 |
DE69002007T2 (en) | 1994-06-01 |
DK0377541T3 (en) | 1993-10-25 |
ES2043327T3 (en) | 1993-12-16 |
DE69002007D1 (en) | 1993-07-29 |
ATE90984T1 (en) | 1993-07-15 |
FR2641295A1 (en) | 1990-07-06 |
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