EP0374676B1 - Method for producing a two-sided high-pressure discharge lamp - Google Patents

Method for producing a two-sided high-pressure discharge lamp Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0374676B1
EP0374676B1 EP89122830A EP89122830A EP0374676B1 EP 0374676 B1 EP0374676 B1 EP 0374676B1 EP 89122830 A EP89122830 A EP 89122830A EP 89122830 A EP89122830 A EP 89122830A EP 0374676 B1 EP0374676 B1 EP 0374676B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tube
discharge vessel
filling
pinch
electrode system
Prior art date
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EP89122830A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0374676A2 (en
EP0374676A3 (en
Inventor
Jürgen Dr. Heider
Dieter Lang
Hartmuth Bastian
Stefan Kotter
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Osram GmbH
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Patent Treuhand Gesellschaft fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen mbH
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Publication of EP0374676A3 publication Critical patent/EP0374676A3/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01JELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J9/00Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J9/24Manufacture or joining of vessels, leading-in conductors or bases
    • H01J9/245Manufacture or joining of vessels, leading-in conductors or bases specially adapted for gas discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J9/247Manufacture or joining of vessels, leading-in conductors or bases specially adapted for gas discharge tubes or lamps specially adapted for gas-discharge lamps

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the manufacture of a lamp with the features specified in the main claim.
  • the invention relates in particular to the production of metal halide high-pressure discharge lamps with an electrical power consumption of at most 50 W, as have recently been increasingly proposed for the purpose of general lighting or for use in motor vehicle headlights.
  • Such lamps have hitherto been produced by first closing a quartz tube which is open on both sides, and then forming the olive-shaped shape at the location of the future discharge vessel by collecting the quartz glass. Then the tube end, which was initially closed, is opened again in further operations and a pump tube is attached to the center of the discharge vessel.
  • US-A-3 689 799 describes a method for introducing filling substances into compact high-pressure discharge lamps.
  • the substances are introduced into the semi-finished discharge vessel via the open tube provided for the pinch of the second electrode system.
  • the present invention is based on the object to shorten the start-up time of the metal halide lamp even further. External heating of the lamp should be avoided in view of the additional energy consumption and the measures for energy supply.
  • a simple manufacturing process for the lamps in question is to be created, in which there is no inhomogeneous material distribution on the discharge vessel in order to eliminate the disadvantages described above.
  • the pump tube no longer exists on the discharge vessel, there are also no different wall thicknesses or inhomogeneities of any other type, as a result of which the radiation emission of the lamp takes place much more uniformly than in the known lamps with a pump tube.
  • the xenon in the discharge vessel causes a high instantaneous light component in the immediate connection to the ignition, so that a sufficiently high luminous flux is available even before the metal halides evaporate.
  • the lamp is particularly suitable for use in optical systems, e.g. in motor vehicle headlights, in which extremely precise adjustment and arrangement of the light / dark boundary is important.
  • Figure 1a shows the tube 1 made of quartz glass cut to a length of about 150 mm.
  • the outside diameter of the tube is approx. 4.5 mm, the inside diameter d is approx. 2 mm.
  • the pipe 1, which is set in rotation, is first heated and, after the deformation temperature has been reached, both constrictions 4, 5 are simultaneously placed in the center and at a defined distance from one another by means of the forming roll 3 (FIG. 1b).
  • a nitrogen stream N 2 with a quantity of about 10 l / h is passed through the tube 1 from one side.
  • the future discharge vessel 6 (FIG. 1c) is precisely delimited in its length of approximately 7.5 mm.
  • the constriction 4 has a smaller clear diameter than the constriction 5. This results in a gas accumulation p of the nitrogen stream between the two constrictions in the heated area of the future discharge vessel 6 N2, so that this area is slightly inflated and assumes its olive shape with an outer diameter of approximately 5.5 mm.
  • the prefabricated electrode system (FIG. 2) is squeezed into that end of the tube 1 which has the constriction 4 with the smaller diameter.
  • the electrode system consists of an electrode 7 made of tungsten, a sealing film 8 made of molybdenum and a power supply 9 made of molybdenum.
  • the electrode 7 is provided with a ball 10 at its end arranged in the discharge vessel 6.
  • the power supply line 9 is bent in a zigzag shape in the yz plane, the angle ⁇ , by which the curved power supply line 9 deviates from the xz plane, being less than 45 °, preferably approximately 20 ° -30 °.
  • the height h that is the amount by which the kink or reversal point 11 of the curved power supply 9 deviates from the xz plane, is greater than half the inner diameter d of the tube 1. In practice, a ratio corresponding to h ⁇ 0 , 55 d proven.
  • the sealing film 8 is aligned in the xz plane, that is to say perpendicular to the yz plane of the curved power supply 9.
  • An electrode system shaped in this way is self-supporting within the tube 1 in that the kink or reversal points 11 of the power supply 9 are in contact with the inside wall of the tube . Once adjusted to its predetermined position, the electrode system maintains it until it is finally fixed.
  • each power supply 9 is centered on the axis of the Tube 1 by itself. This also automatically centering the electrode 7 in the discharge vessel 6 in the x coordinate of the sealing film 8. Any possible decentration perpendicular to the plane of the sealing film 8, that is to say in the y coordinate, for example by bending the sealing film 8, is compensated for during the squeezing process.
  • the first pinch 12 is then produced.
  • the tube 1 in the area of the sealing film 8 is brought to a temperature of above approximately 2200 ° C. suitable for the deformation.
  • a stream of argon is passed through the preformed tube 1.
  • the first pinch 12 is produced.
  • First the pinch is sealed, which is adjacent to the constriction 4 with the smaller diameter.
  • the production of the pinch itself is a process known to the person skilled in the lamp construction and is not shown separately in the figures.
  • the tube 1 provided with the first pinch 12 is now subjected to high-vacuum annealing at> 400 ° C. and ⁇ 2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 mbar when it is introduced into the glove box for cleaning.
  • the glovebox 13 is filled with xenon.
  • the filling pressure does not deviate from the surrounding atmospheric pressure by more than a few 10 mbar.
  • the filling gas xenon of the Glovebox 13 corresponds to the future filling gas of the metal halide high-pressure discharge lamp.
  • the work steps within the glove box 13 are shown in FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 4a shows the lamp of FIG. 3 pinched on one side in the glovebox 13.
  • the filling substances consisting of a metal halide pill 14 and a mercury ball 15 and further introduced the second electrode system (FIG. 4b).
  • the filling substances fall through the still open constriction 5 with the larger diameter into the discharge vessel 6.
  • the electrode system is, as before during the preparation for the first squeeze 12, adjusted in a self-retaining manner at its predetermined position, so that the electrode 7 within of the discharge vessel 6 is arranged and the distance between the balls 10 of the two electrodes 7 is given its intended value.
  • the quartz tube 1 is then sealed at its open end inside the glovebox 13 by means of a plasma torch 16 or a laser (FIG. 4c), so that only one melting tip 17 (FIG. 4d) remains.
  • the glovebox 13 is filled with argon and the xenon for the desired final filling of the lamp is filled separately inside the glovebox 13. This is done by blowing the xenon through a flushing cannula through the still open end of the tube 1 into the discharge vessel 6. After the filling substances 14, 15 and the second electrode system 7 to 10 have been introduced, rinsing is carried out again with xenon. Instead of rinsing twice with xenon, a gas exchange can also be carried out after introducing the second electrode system 7-10 using a pump head arranged in the glovebox 13. The second, still open end of the tube is then closed with the plasma torch, as previously described.
  • the lamp vessel will produce a mixture of the argon atmosphere of the Glovebox 13 and the fill gas xenon.
  • the xenon content in the lamp vessel will be approx. 50 to 95%, depending on the length of time the tube stays between the gas exchange and the melting.
  • the xenon cold filling pressure resulting later in the discharge vessel 6 can be predetermined by the filling pressure and the composition of the filling gases.
  • the closed lamp vessel has a cold filling pressure of approx. 800 mbar.
  • the prefabricated lamp is now removed from the glovebox 13. Then, as already described for the first pinch 12, the area around the sealing film 8 of the second electrode system is heated to the pinch temperature of approximately 2200 ° C. and the second pinch 18 (FIG. 5) is applied by squeezing the second electrode system. During the heating and squeezing process, the area of the discharge vessel 6 is cooled to at least -112 ° C. by means of liquid nitrogen in order to freeze out the xenon in the discharge vessel 6 and to prevent the metal halide 14 and mercury 15 from evaporating. This low temperature has to be kept as long as until the bruising is done. The high temperature difference of approx. 2400 K over a length of only approx.
  • the xenon cold filling pressure resulting in the discharge vessel 6 is in the range 1 to 30 bar. It results when the xenon completely freezes out from the Xe partial pressure in the tightly melted tube 1 (FIG. 4d) and the ratio of the volumes of tube 1: discharge vessel 6. At a typical Xe partial pressure in tube 1 of 600 to 800 mbar, one Tube volume of 0.30 cm3 and a discharge vessel volume of 0.025 cm3 results in a xenon cold filling pressure in the discharge vessel 6 of 7 to 10 bar.
  • the filling of the mercury ball 15 can also be omitted.
  • the role of mercury in the discharge vessel is then taken over by the xenon.
  • the light color can be controlled with the metal halide filling (e.g. NaSc) and a longer service life can be achieved through the cyclic process.
  • the lamp is removed from the squeezing device and the tube ends 1 projecting beyond the squeezes 12, 18 are completely or partially removed.
  • the zigzag part of the Power supply lines 9 can be removed.
  • a finished metal halide high-pressure discharge lamp 19 is shown in FIG. 5. With the lamps and the filling according to the invention, the luminous efficiency is increased by more than 15%.
  • the start of the luminous flux of such a lamp is shown in FIG. 6.
  • the lamp 19 itself was operated on an electronic ballast that regulates the starting current.
  • the xenon cold filling pressure in the discharge vessel 6 is approximately 6 bar.
  • the starting current is approximately 3.3 A, which corresponds to approximately 8.5 times the nominal current of the lamp 19.
  • the 30% luminous flux ⁇ is reached almost immediately after commissioning due to the xenon filling, and the 90% luminous flux is reached at approx. 1 sec.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Electron Tubes, Discharge Lamp Vessels, Lead-In Wires, And The Like (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft die Herstellung einer Lampe mit den im Hauptanspruch bezeichneten Merkmalen. Die Erfindung betrifft insbesondere die Herstellung von Metallhalogenidhochdruckentladungslampen mit einer elektrischen Leistungsaufnahme von maximal 50 W, wie sie in letzter Zeit vermehrt zum Zweck der Allgemeinbeleuchtung oder zum Einsatz in Kraftfahrzeugscheinwerfern vorgeschlagen wurden. Solche Lampen wurden bisher hergestellt, indem ein beidseitig offenes Quarzrohr zuerst einseitig verschlossen und anschließend an der Stelle des künftigen Entladungsgefäßes durch Versammeln des Quarzglases dessen olivenförmige Gestalt ausgebildet wird. Danach werden in weiteren Arbeitsgängen das anfangs verschlossene Rohrende wieder geöffnet sowie ein Pumprohr mittig an das Entladungsgefäß angesetzt. Nachdem in die offenen Rohrenden jeweils ein Elektrodensystem eingeführt und eingeschmolzen wurde, werden die Füllsubstanzen und das Füllgas durch das Pumprohr in das Entladungsgefäß eingebracht und letztlich das Pumprohr abgeschmolzen. Dieses aufwendige, arbeitsintensive Herstellverfahren hat den gravierenden Nachteil, daß an dem ohnehin sehr kleinen Entladungsgefäß - seine Länge beträgt nur ca. 7,5 mm, sein Durchmesser nur ca. 5,5 mm - durch das Ansetzen und Abschmelzen des Pumprohres Inhomogenitäten in der Materialverteilung entstehen, die zum einen die Cold-Spot-Temperatur und damit die Lichtfarbe der Lampe nachteilig beeinflussen und zum anderen die von der Lampe emittierte Strahlung in einem nicht reproduzierbaren Maß streuen, was sich bei dem vorgesehenen Einsatz dieser Lampen in optischen Systemen besonders nachteilig bemerkbar macht.The invention relates to the manufacture of a lamp with the features specified in the main claim. The invention relates in particular to the production of metal halide high-pressure discharge lamps with an electrical power consumption of at most 50 W, as have recently been increasingly proposed for the purpose of general lighting or for use in motor vehicle headlights. Such lamps have hitherto been produced by first closing a quartz tube which is open on both sides, and then forming the olive-shaped shape at the location of the future discharge vessel by collecting the quartz glass. Then the tube end, which was initially closed, is opened again in further operations and a pump tube is attached to the center of the discharge vessel. After an electrode system has been introduced into each of the open tube ends and melted down, the filling substances and the filling gas are introduced through the pump tube into the discharge vessel and ultimately the pump tube is melted off. This complex, labor-intensive manufacturing process has the serious disadvantage that in the already very small discharge vessel - its length is only about 7.5 mm, its diameter is only about 5.5 mm - inhomogeneities in the material distribution due to the attachment and melting of the pump tube arise, on the one hand the cold spot temperature and thus adversely influencing the light color of the lamp and secondly scattering the radiation emitted by the lamp to a non-reproducible extent, which is particularly disadvantageous when these lamps are used in optical systems.

In der US-A-3 689 799 wird eine Methode zum Einbringen von Füllungssubstanzen in kompakte Hochdruckentladungslampen beschrieben. Die Substanzen werden hierbei über das für die Quetschung des zweiten Elektrodensystems vorgesehene offene Rohr in das halbfertige Entladungsgefäß eingebracht.US-A-3 689 799 describes a method for introducing filling substances into compact high-pressure discharge lamps. The substances are introduced into the semi-finished discharge vessel via the open tube provided for the pinch of the second electrode system.

Des weiteren ist bei dieser Art Lampen die Anlaufzeit zwischen der Zündung und dem Erreichen des Endlichtstroms noch immer unbefriedigend. Sie beträgt bei einer konventionell betriebenen Lampe ca. 40 sec. In dem DE-GM 86 23 908 wurde deshalb vorgeschlagen, die Lampe im ausgeschalteten Zustand fremd zu beheizen, um so die Füllsubstanzen verdampft zu halten und auf diese Weise von einem höheren Temperatur- und damit Druckniveau ausgehend eine verkürzte Anlaufzeit von nur ca. 8 sec zu erreichen. Abgesehen von der für die Fremdheizung erforderlichen zusätzlichen elektrischen Energie und dem damit verbundenen Installationsaufwand ist aber auch eine derart verkürzte Anlaufzeit für viele Anwendungszwecke noch immer nicht befriedigend.Furthermore, with this type of lamp, the start-up time between the ignition and reaching the final luminous flux is still unsatisfactory. In a conventionally operated lamp, it is approximately 40 seconds. DE-GM 86 23 908 therefore proposed that the lamp be externally heated in the switched-off state in order to keep the filling substances vaporized and in this way of a higher temperature and to achieve a shortened start-up time of only approx. 8 sec. Apart from the additional electrical energy required for external heating and the associated installation effort, such a shortened start-up time is still unsatisfactory for many applications.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Anlaufzeit der Metallhalogenidlampe noch weiter zu verkürzen. Auf eine Fremdbeheizung der Lampe soll mit Rücksicht auf den zusätzlichen Energieverbrauch und die Maßnahmen für die Energieversorgung verzichtet werden. Außerdem soll ein einfaches Herstellverfahren für die in Frage kommenden Lampen geschaffen werden, bei dem keine inhomogene Materialverteilung am Entladungsgefäß auftritt, um die zuvor beschriebenen Nachteile auszuschalten.The present invention is based on the object to shorten the start-up time of the metal halide lamp even further. External heating of the lamp should be avoided in view of the additional energy consumption and the measures for energy supply. In addition, a simple manufacturing process for the lamps in question is to be created, in which there is no inhomogeneous material distribution on the discharge vessel in order to eliminate the disadvantages described above.

Diese Aufgaben werden erfindungsgemäß durch die im Hauptanspruch aufgeführte Folge von Arbeitsschritten gelöst. Den Unteransprüchen sind weitere Details für die Herstellung der Metallhalogenid-Hochdruckentladungslampen entnehmbar. Da die Arbeitsschritte des Füllens und Verschließens des Entladungsgefäßes in der hochreinen Atmosphäre der Glovebox erfolgen, können Verunreinigungen durch Fremdgase, wie H₂, O₂ oder durch H₂O, auf ein Minimum reduziert werden. Durch das Einfrieren des im verschlossenen Entladungsgefäß enthaltenen Xenon auf mindestens -112 °C kann die zweite Quetschung außerhalb der Glovebox zügig hergestellt werden. Mit der beschriebenen Herstellungsweise wird eine erhebliche Verkürzung der Verfahrenszeit und eine Vereinfachung des gesamten Herstellverfahrens erreicht. Aufgrund des am Entladungsgefäß nicht mehr vorhandenen Pumprohres treten auch dort keine unterschiedlichen Wanddicken oder Inhomogenitäten anderer Art auf, wodurch die Strahlungsemission der Lampe sehr viel gleichmäßiger erfolgt als bei den bekannten Lampen mit Pumprohr. Das Xenon im Entladungsgefäß bewirkt einen hohen Sofortlichtanteil im unmittelbaren Anschluß an die Zündung, so daß auch schon vor dem Verdampfen der Metallhalogenide ein ausreichend hoher Lichtstrom zur Verfügung steht. Die Lampe ist für den Einsatz in optischen Systemen besonders geeignet, wie z.B. in Kraftfahrzeugscheinwerfern, bei denen es auf eine äußerst präzise Justierung und Anordnung der Hell-/Dunkelgrenze ankommt.According to the invention, these objects are achieved by the sequence of work steps set out in the main claim. Further details for the production of the metal halide high-pressure discharge lamps can be found in the subclaims. Since the work steps of filling and closing the discharge vessel take place in the high-purity atmosphere of the glove box, contamination by foreign gases such as H₂, O₂ or by H₂O can be reduced to a minimum. By freezing the xenon contained in the sealed discharge vessel to at least -112 ° C, the second squeeze outside of the glove box can be quickly made. With the method of production described, the process time is considerably shortened and the entire production process is simplified. Because the pump tube no longer exists on the discharge vessel, there are also no different wall thicknesses or inhomogeneities of any other type, as a result of which the radiation emission of the lamp takes place much more uniformly than in the known lamps with a pump tube. The xenon in the discharge vessel causes a high instantaneous light component in the immediate connection to the ignition, so that a sufficiently high luminous flux is available even before the metal halides evaporate. The lamp is particularly suitable for use in optical systems, e.g. in motor vehicle headlights, in which extremely precise adjustment and arrangement of the light / dark boundary is important.

Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand von 6 Figuren näher erläutert. Es zeigen

Figuren 1a bis c
die Herstellung eines vorgeformten Entladungsgefäßes
Figur 2
ein Elektrodensystem
Figur 3
das Entladungsgefäß mit vorhandener erster Quetschung
Figuren 4a bis d
die Bearbeitungsschritte in der Glovebox
Figur 5
eine fertige Metallhalogenidhochdruckentladungslampe
Figur 6
die Anlaufkurve des Lichtstroms φ für die erfindungsgemäße Lampe
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to 6 figures. Show it
Figures 1a to c
the production of a preformed discharge vessel
Figure 2
an electrode system
Figure 3
the discharge vessel with the first squeeze present
Figures 4a to d
the processing steps in the glovebox
Figure 5
a finished metal halide high pressure discharge lamp
Figure 6
the start-up curve of the luminous flux φ for the lamp according to the invention

Figur 1a zeigt das auf eine Länge von ca. 150 mm geschnittene Rohr 1 aus Quarzglas. Der Außendurchmesser des Rohres beträgt ca. 4,5 mm, der Innendurchmesser d ca. 2 mm.Figure 1a shows the tube 1 made of quartz glass cut to a length of about 150 mm. The outside diameter of the tube is approx. 4.5 mm, the inside diameter d is approx. 2 mm.

Mit Hilfe der Flammen 2 wird zunächst das in Rotation versetzte Rohr 1 erwärmt und nach Erreichen der Verformungstemperatur werden mittels der Formrolle 3 gleichzeitig beide Einschnürungen 4, 5 mittig und in einem definierten Abstand zueinander angebracht (Fig. 1b). Während des Erwärmens und des Verformens wird von einer Seite ein Stickstoffstrom N₂ mit einer Menge von ca. 10 l/h durch das Rohr 1 geführt. Durch das Anbringen der Einschnürungen 4, 5 wird das zukünftige Entladungsgefäß 6 (Fig. 1c) in seiner Länge von ca. 7,5 mm genau abgegrenzt. Die Einschnürung 4 weist einen geringeren lichten Durchmesser auf als die Einschnürung 5. Hierdurch entsteht zwischen den beiden Einschnürungen im erwärmten Bereich des zukünftigen Entladungsgefäßes 6 ein Gasstau p des Stickstoffstromes N₂, so daß dieser Bereich etwas aufgeblasen wird und seine olivenförmige Gestalt mit einem Außendurchmesser von ca. 5,5 mm annimmt.With the help of the flames 2, the pipe 1, which is set in rotation, is first heated and, after the deformation temperature has been reached, both constrictions 4, 5 are simultaneously placed in the center and at a defined distance from one another by means of the forming roll 3 (FIG. 1b). During the heating and shaping, a nitrogen stream N 2 with a quantity of about 10 l / h is passed through the tube 1 from one side. By attaching the constrictions 4, 5, the future discharge vessel 6 (FIG. 1c) is precisely delimited in its length of approximately 7.5 mm. The constriction 4 has a smaller clear diameter than the constriction 5. This results in a gas accumulation p of the nitrogen stream between the two constrictions in the heated area of the future discharge vessel 6 N₂, so that this area is slightly inflated and assumes its olive shape with an outer diameter of approximately 5.5 mm.

Im nächsten Arbeitsgang wird das vorgefertigte Elektrodensystem (Fig. 2) in dasjenige Ende des Rohres 1 eingequetscht, das die Einschnürung 4 mit dem geringeren Durchmesser aufweist. Das Elektrodensystem besteht aus einer Elektrode 7 aus Wolfram, einer Dichtungsfolie 8 aus Molybdän sowie aus einer Stromzuführung 9 aus Molybdän. Die Elektrode 7 ist an ihrem im Entladungsgefäß 6 angeordneten Ende mit einer Kugel 10 versehen. Die Stromzuführung 9 ist in der y-z-Ebene zickzackförmig gebogen, wobei der Winkel α , um den die gebogene Stromzuführung 9 von der x-z-Ebene abweicht, kleiner als 45°, vorzugsweise ca. 20° - 30° ist. Die Höhe h, das ist jener Betrag, um den der Knick- oder Umkehrpunkt 11 der gebogenen Stromzuführung 9 von der x-z-Ebene abweicht, ist größer als der halbe Innendurchmesser d des Rohres 1. In der Praxis hat sich ein Verhältnis entsprechend h≃ 0,55 d bewährt. Die Dichtungsfolie 8 ist in der x-z-Ebene ausgerichtet, also senkrecht zur y-z-Ebene der gebogenen Stromzuführung 9. Ein derart geformtes Elektrodensystem haltert sich innerhalb des Rohres 1 von selbst, indem die Knick- oder Umkehrpunkte 11 der Stromzuführung 9 klemmend an der Rohrinnenwand anliegen. Einmal an seiner vorbestimmten Position einjustiert, behält das Elektrodensystem diese bis zur endgültigen Fixierung bei. Zur sicheren Abstützung der Stromzuführung 9 an der Innenwand des Rohres 1 sind mindestens drei Knick- oder Umkehrpunkte 11 an jeder Stromzuführung 9 angebracht. Eine derart gestaltete Stromzuführung 9 zentriert sich in der Achse des Rohres 1 von selbst. Dadurch wird auch automatisch eine Zentrierung der Elektrode 7 im Entladungsgefäß 6 in der x-Koordinate der Dichtungsfolie 8 erreicht. Eine eventuell mögliche Dezentrierung senkrecht zur Ebene der Dichtungsfolie 8, also in der y-Koordinate, z.B. durch Verbiegen der Dichtungsfolie 8, wird beim Quetschvorgang ausgeglichen.In the next step, the prefabricated electrode system (FIG. 2) is squeezed into that end of the tube 1 which has the constriction 4 with the smaller diameter. The electrode system consists of an electrode 7 made of tungsten, a sealing film 8 made of molybdenum and a power supply 9 made of molybdenum. The electrode 7 is provided with a ball 10 at its end arranged in the discharge vessel 6. The power supply line 9 is bent in a zigzag shape in the yz plane, the angle α, by which the curved power supply line 9 deviates from the xz plane, being less than 45 °, preferably approximately 20 ° -30 °. The height h, that is the amount by which the kink or reversal point 11 of the curved power supply 9 deviates from the xz plane, is greater than half the inner diameter d of the tube 1. In practice, a ratio corresponding to h≃ 0 , 55 d proven. The sealing film 8 is aligned in the xz plane, that is to say perpendicular to the yz plane of the curved power supply 9. An electrode system shaped in this way is self-supporting within the tube 1 in that the kink or reversal points 11 of the power supply 9 are in contact with the inside wall of the tube . Once adjusted to its predetermined position, the electrode system maintains it until it is finally fixed. For secure support of the power supply 9 on the inner wall of the tube 1, at least three kink or reversal points 11 are attached to each power supply 9. Such a power supply 9 is centered on the axis of the Tube 1 by itself. This also automatically centering the electrode 7 in the discharge vessel 6 in the x coordinate of the sealing film 8. Any possible decentration perpendicular to the plane of the sealing film 8, that is to say in the y coordinate, for example by bending the sealing film 8, is compensated for during the squeezing process.

Wie aus der Figur 3 ersichtlich, wird anschließend die erste Quetschung 12 hergestellt. Hierfür wird das Rohr 1 im Bereich der Dichtungsfolie 8 auf eine für die Verformung geeignete Temperatur von oberhalb ca. 2200 °C gebracht. Gleichzeitig wird ein Argonstrom durch das vorgeformte Rohr 1 geleitet. Nachdem die Quetschtemperatur erreicht ist, wird die erste Quetschung 12 hergestellt. Es wird zuerst die Quetschung abgedichtet, die der Einschnürung 4 mit dem geringeren Durchmesser benachbart ist. Die Herstellung der Quetschung an sich ist ein dem Fachmann im Lampenbau bekannter Vorgang und in den Figuren nicht gesondert dargestellt.As can be seen from FIG. 3, the first pinch 12 is then produced. For this purpose, the tube 1 in the area of the sealing film 8 is brought to a temperature of above approximately 2200 ° C. suitable for the deformation. At the same time, a stream of argon is passed through the preformed tube 1. After the pinch temperature is reached, the first pinch 12 is produced. First the pinch is sealed, which is adjacent to the constriction 4 with the smaller diameter. The production of the pinch itself is a process known to the person skilled in the lamp construction and is not shown separately in the figures.

Das mit der ersten Quetschung 12 versehene Rohr 1 wird nun beim Einschleusen in die Glovebox zur Reinigung einer Hochvakuumglühung bei >400 °C und <2 x 10⁻⁵ mbar unterzogen. Die Glovebox 13 ist mit Xenon gefüllt. Der Fülldruck weicht um nicht mehr als einige 10 mbar vom umgebenden Atmosphärendruck ab. Das Füllgas Xenon der Glovebox 13 entspricht dem künftigen Füllgas der Metallhalogenidhochdruckentladungslampe. Die Arbeitsschritte innerhalb der Glovebox 13 sind in der Figur 4 dargestellt.The tube 1 provided with the first pinch 12 is now subjected to high-vacuum annealing at> 400 ° C. and <2 × 10⁻⁵ mbar when it is introduced into the glove box for cleaning. The glovebox 13 is filled with xenon. The filling pressure does not deviate from the surrounding atmospheric pressure by more than a few 10 mbar. The filling gas xenon of the Glovebox 13 corresponds to the future filling gas of the metal halide high-pressure discharge lamp. The work steps within the glove box 13 are shown in FIG. 4.

Figur 4a zeigt die einseitig gequetschte Lampe der Figur 3 in der Glovebox 13. Als Nächstes werden in das wieder erkaltete Entladungsgefäß 6 zuerst die Füllsubstanzen, bestehend aus einer Metallhalogenid-Pille 14 und einer Quecksilber-Kugel 15 und weiterhin das zweite Elektrodensystem (Fig. 4b) eingebracht. Die Füllsubstanzen fallen durch die noch offene Einschnürung 5 mit dem größeren Durchmesser in das Entladungsgefäß 6. Das Elektrodensystem wird, wie schon zuvor bei der Vorbereitung auf die erste Quetschung 12, selbsthalternd an seine ihm vorbestimmte Stelle in Position einjustiert, so daß die Elektrode 7 innerhalb des Entladungsgefäßes 6 angeordnet ist und der Abstand der Kugeln 10 beider Elektroden 7 genau seinen vorgesehenen Wert erhält. Danach wird das Quarzrohr 1 an seinem offenen Ende innerhalb der Glovebox 13 mittels eines Plasmabrenners 16 oder eines Lasers dichtgeschmolzen (Fig. 4c), so daß nur noch eine Abschmelzspitze 17 (Fig. 4d) verbleibt.FIG. 4a shows the lamp of FIG. 3 pinched on one side in the glovebox 13. Next, the again, discharge vessel 6 cooled down first, the filling substances, consisting of a metal halide pill 14 and a mercury ball 15 and further introduced the second electrode system (FIG. 4b). The filling substances fall through the still open constriction 5 with the larger diameter into the discharge vessel 6. The electrode system is, as before during the preparation for the first squeeze 12, adjusted in a self-retaining manner at its predetermined position, so that the electrode 7 within of the discharge vessel 6 is arranged and the distance between the balls 10 of the two electrodes 7 is given its intended value. The quartz tube 1 is then sealed at its open end inside the glovebox 13 by means of a plasma torch 16 or a laser (FIG. 4c), so that only one melting tip 17 (FIG. 4d) remains.

In einer Alternative zu dem zuvor beschriebenen Verfahren ist die Glovebox 13 mit Argon gefüllt und das Xenon für die gewünschte endgültige Füllung der Lampe wird innerhalb der Glovebox 13 gesondert eingefüllt. Dies erfolgt, indem das Xenon durch eine Spülkanüle durch das noch offene Ende des Rohres 1 in das Entladungsgefäß 6 geblasen wird. Nach dem Einbringen der Füllsubstanzen 14, 15 und des zweiten Elektrodensystems 7 bis 10 wird nochmals mit Xenon gespült. Anstelle der zweimaligen Spülung mit Xenon kann auch nach dem Einbringen des zweiten Elektrodensystems 7 - 10 mit Hilfe eines in der Glovebox 13 angeordneten Pumpkopfes ein Gasaustausch vorgenommen werden. Anschließend wird das zweite, noch offene Ende des Rohres mit dem Plasmabrenner verschlossen, wie bereits zuvor beschrieben. Bei einem derart verschlossenen Lampengefäß wird sich eine Mischung von der Argon-Atmosphäre der Glovebox 13 und des Füllgases Xenon einstellen. Der Xenon-Anteil im Lampengefäß wird bei ca. 50 bis 95 %, liegen, je nach Verweildauer des Rohres zwischen dem Gasaustausch und dem Abschmelzen. Durch den Fülldruck und die Zusammensetzung der Füllgase kann der später im Entladungsgefäß 6 resultierende Xenon-Kaltfülldruck vorbestimmt werden. Das verschlossene Lampengefäß hat einen Kaltfülldruck von ca. 800 mbar.In an alternative to the method described above, the glovebox 13 is filled with argon and the xenon for the desired final filling of the lamp is filled separately inside the glovebox 13. This is done by blowing the xenon through a flushing cannula through the still open end of the tube 1 into the discharge vessel 6. After the filling substances 14, 15 and the second electrode system 7 to 10 have been introduced, rinsing is carried out again with xenon. Instead of rinsing twice with xenon, a gas exchange can also be carried out after introducing the second electrode system 7-10 using a pump head arranged in the glovebox 13. The second, still open end of the tube is then closed with the plasma torch, as previously described. With such a closed The lamp vessel will produce a mixture of the argon atmosphere of the Glovebox 13 and the fill gas xenon. The xenon content in the lamp vessel will be approx. 50 to 95%, depending on the length of time the tube stays between the gas exchange and the melting. The xenon cold filling pressure resulting later in the discharge vessel 6 can be predetermined by the filling pressure and the composition of the filling gases. The closed lamp vessel has a cold filling pressure of approx. 800 mbar.

Anstelle einer Glovebox-Atmosphäre mit Argon, wie in der Alternative beschrieben, ist auch eine Füllung der Glovebox 13 mit Stickstoff oder Helium denkbar, wobei das Xenon dann wieder mittels einer Spülkanüle oder eines Pumpkopfes, wie zuvor beschrieben, eingefüllt werden muß. Der Vorteil eines solchen Vorgehens liegt darin, daß für die Füllung der Glovebox 13 ein billigeres Gas verwendet wird und das teure Xenon selbst ausschließlich für die Füllung der Lampengefäße verwendet wird.Instead of a glovebox atmosphere with argon, as described in the alternative, it is also conceivable to fill the glovebox 13 with nitrogen or helium, the xenon then having to be filled in again by means of a flushing cannula or a pump head, as described above. The advantage of such a procedure is that a cheaper gas is used for the filling of the glovebox 13 and the expensive xenon itself is used exclusively for the filling of the lamp vessels.

Die vorgefertigte Lampe wird jetzt wieder der Glovebox 13 entnommen. Danach wird, wie schon bei der ersten Quetschung 12 beschrieben, der Bereich um die Dichtungsfolie 8 des zweiten Elektrodensystems auf die Quetschtemperatur von ca. 2200 °C aufgeheizt und die zweite Quetschung 18 (Fig. 5) angebracht, indem das zweite Elektrodensystem eingequetscht wird. Während des Aufheiz- und Quetschvorganges wird der Bereich des Entladungsgefäßes 6 mittels flüssigem Stickstoff auf mindestens -112 °C gekühlt, um das Xenon im Entladungsgefäß 6 auszufrieren und ein Verdampfen des Metallhalogenids 14 und Quecksilbers 15 zu verhindern. Diese tiefe Temperatur muß solange gehalten werden, bis die Quetschung erfolgt ist. Die hohe Temperaturdifferenz von ca. 2400 K auf einer Länge von nur ca. 6 mm wird erreicht, indem die Flammen durch Abschirmbleche abgehalten werden, während gleichzeitig der untere Bereich des Entladungsgefäßes durch Anspritzen mit dem flüssigen Stickstoff gekühlt wird. Aufgrund der geringen aufzuheizenden Masse der Quetschung 18 wird der Quetschungsbereich bis zum Ausführen der Quetschung 18 nur während ca. 5 bis 6 sec aufgeheizt. Die Quetschung 18 selbst kann anschließend mit Blasluft abgekühlt werden. Der im Entladungsgefäß 6 resultierende Xenon-Kaltfülldruck liegt im Bereich 1 bis 30 bar. Er ergibt sich bei vollständigem Ausfrieren des Xenon aus dem Xe-Partialdruck im dichtgeschmolzenen Rohr 1 (Fig. 4d) und dem Verhältnis der Volumina vom Rohr 1 : Entladungsgefäß 6. Bei einem typischen Xe-Partialdruck im Rohr 1 von 600 bis 800 mbar, einem Rohrvolumen von 0,30 cm³ und einem Entladungsgefäßvolumen von 0,025 cm³ resultiert ein Xenon-Kaltfülldruck im Entladungsgefäß 6 von 7 bis 10 bar.The prefabricated lamp is now removed from the glovebox 13. Then, as already described for the first pinch 12, the area around the sealing film 8 of the second electrode system is heated to the pinch temperature of approximately 2200 ° C. and the second pinch 18 (FIG. 5) is applied by squeezing the second electrode system. During the heating and squeezing process, the area of the discharge vessel 6 is cooled to at least -112 ° C. by means of liquid nitrogen in order to freeze out the xenon in the discharge vessel 6 and to prevent the metal halide 14 and mercury 15 from evaporating. This low temperature has to be kept as long as until the bruising is done. The high temperature difference of approx. 2400 K over a length of only approx. 6 mm is achieved by blocking the flames with shielding plates, while at the same time the lower area of the discharge vessel is cooled by spraying with the liquid nitrogen. Due to the small mass of the pinch 18 to be heated, the pinch area is only heated for about 5 to 6 seconds until the pinch 18 is carried out. The pinch 18 itself can then be cooled with blown air. The xenon cold filling pressure resulting in the discharge vessel 6 is in the range 1 to 30 bar. It results when the xenon completely freezes out from the Xe partial pressure in the tightly melted tube 1 (FIG. 4d) and the ratio of the volumes of tube 1: discharge vessel 6. At a typical Xe partial pressure in tube 1 of 600 to 800 mbar, one Tube volume of 0.30 cm³ and a discharge vessel volume of 0.025 cm³ results in a xenon cold filling pressure in the discharge vessel 6 of 7 to 10 bar.

Des weiteren kann auch das Füllen der Quecksilber-Kugel 15 weggelassen werden. Die Rolle des Quecksilbers im Entladungsgefäß wird dann durch das Xenon übernommen. Gegenüber den herkömmlichen Xenon-Hochdrucklampen kann mit der Metallhalogenidfüllung (z.B. NaSc) die Lichtfarbe gesteuert und durch den Kreisprozeß eine höhere Lebensdauer erreicht werden.Furthermore, the filling of the mercury ball 15 can also be omitted. The role of mercury in the discharge vessel is then taken over by the xenon. Compared to conventional xenon high-pressure lamps, the light color can be controlled with the metal halide filling (e.g. NaSc) and a longer service life can be achieved through the cyclic process.

Abschließend wird die Lampe der Quetschvorrichtung entnommen und es werden die über die Quetschungen 12, 18 hinausstehenden Rohrenden 1 ganz oder teilweise entfernt. Auch der zickzackförmig ausgeführte Teil der Stromzuführungen 9 kann entfernt werden. Eine fertige Metallhalogenidhochdruckentladungslampe 19 ist in Figur 5 dargestellt. Mit den Lampen und der erfindungsgemäßen Füllung wird eine Erhöhung der Lichtausbeute um mehr als 15 % erreicht.Finally, the lamp is removed from the squeezing device and the tube ends 1 projecting beyond the squeezes 12, 18 are completely or partially removed. The zigzag part of the Power supply lines 9 can be removed. A finished metal halide high-pressure discharge lamp 19 is shown in FIG. 5. With the lamps and the filling according to the invention, the luminous efficiency is increased by more than 15%.

Der Anlauf des Lichtstroms einer derartigen Lampe ist in der Figur 6 dargestellt. Die Lampe 19 selbst wurde an einem elektronischen, den Anlaufstrom regelnden Vorschaltgerät betrieben. Der Xenon-Kaltfülldruck im Entladungsgefäß 6 beträgt ca. 6 bar. Der Anlaufstrom liegt bei ca. 3,3 A, was etwa dem 8,5fachen Nennstrom der Lampe 19 entspricht. Wie hier deutlich zu erkennen ist, wird der 30 %-Lichtstrom φ aufgrund der Xenon-Füllung quasi sofort nach der Inbetriebnahme und der 90 %-Lichtstrom schon bei ca. 1 sec erreicht.The start of the luminous flux of such a lamp is shown in FIG. 6. The lamp 19 itself was operated on an electronic ballast that regulates the starting current. The xenon cold filling pressure in the discharge vessel 6 is approximately 6 bar. The starting current is approximately 3.3 A, which corresponds to approximately 8.5 times the nominal current of the lamp 19. As can be clearly seen here, the 30% luminous flux φ is reached almost immediately after commissioning due to the xenon filling, and the 90% luminous flux is reached at approx. 1 sec.

Claims (11)

  1. Method for producing a two-ended high-pressure discharge lamp (19) having a discharge vessel (6) and two seals or pinches (12, 18) which are arranged at opposite ends of the discharge vessel and into which there is respectively sealed in a gas-tight fashion an electrode system which consists of an electrode (7) arranged in the discharge vessel (6), a sealing foil (8) embedded by the seal or pinch (12, 18) and a supply lead (9) which emerges from the seal or pinch (12, 18) along the longitudinal axis of the lamp, the discharge vessel (6) containing a filling which maintains operation and the method including the following work operations:
    a) heating and rolling-in of a continuously cylindrical tube (1) made from quartz to a predetermined length in order to delimit the future discharge vessel (6);
    b) introducing and aligning a first, prefabricated electrode system (7-10) at one end of the tube (1);
    c) heating the tube (1) in the region of the sealing foil (8) of the first electrode system and producing a first seal in the form of a pinch (12);
    d) introducing the filling substances (14, 15) through the second, still open end of the tube (1);
    e) flooding the discharge vessel (6) with an inert gas through the second, still open end of the tube (1);
    f) introducing and aligning the second, prefabricated electrode system (7-10) through the second, still open end of the tube (1);
    g) fusing the still open tube (1) at its end averted from the discharge vessel (6); and
    h) heating the tube (1) in the region of the sealing foil (8) of the second electrode system (7-10) and producing the second seal in the form of a pinch (18),
    characterized in that the work operations d) to g) are performed in a glovebox (13) having an inert gas filling, and the discharge vessel (6) is partially cooled to at least -112°C in order to carry out the work operation h).
  2. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that an inert gas flow is conducted through the open tube (1) during the work operations a) and c).
  3. Method according to Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the discharge vessel (6) is annealed in a high vacuum after the work operation c).
  4. Method according to Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the glovebox (13) contains an inert gas corresponding to the filling gas of the discharge vessel (6).
  5. Method according to Claim 4, characterized in that the inert gas is xenon.
  6. Method according to Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the glovebox (13) contains an inert gas differing from the filling gas of the discharge vessel (6).
  7. Method according to Claim 6, characterized in that the future discharge vessel (6) is flooded with the final filling gas before the work operations d) and g).
  8. Method according to Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a plasma burner (16) or a laser is used in order to carry out the work operation g).
  9. Method according to Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the supply lead (9) has a self-holding configuration inside the tube (1) in order to carry out the work operations b) and f).
  10. Method according to Claim 9, characterized in that the supply lead (9) is supported on the inner wall of the tube (1) by means of at least three support points (11).
  11. Method according to Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that following the work operation h) the respective tube (1) which projects beyond the seal or pinch (12, 18) and in which the part of the supply lead (9) having the support points (11) is also arranged is completely or partially severed.
EP89122830A 1988-12-19 1989-12-11 Method for producing a two-sided high-pressure discharge lamp Expired - Lifetime EP0374676B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3842770A DE3842770A1 (en) 1988-12-19 1988-12-19 METHOD FOR PRODUCING A TWO-SIDED HIGH PRESSURE DISCHARGE LAMP
DE3842770 1988-12-19

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EP0374676A2 EP0374676A2 (en) 1990-06-27
EP0374676A3 EP0374676A3 (en) 1991-05-08
EP0374676B1 true EP0374676B1 (en) 1995-03-29

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EP89122830A Expired - Lifetime EP0374676B1 (en) 1988-12-19 1989-12-11 Method for producing a two-sided high-pressure discharge lamp

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JP (1) JP2723638B2 (en)
DD (1) DD290503A5 (en)
DE (2) DE3842770A1 (en)
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3842769A1 (en) 1988-12-19 1990-06-21 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh METHOD FOR PRODUCING A TWO-SIDED HIGH PRESSURE DISCHARGE LAMP
JPH05174785A (en) * 1991-12-25 1993-07-13 Koito Mfg Co Ltd Arc tube and its manufacture
DE10225612A1 (en) * 2002-06-07 2003-12-18 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Manufacturing system for gas discharge lamp has inner chamber with electrodes in communication with outer chamber which may be flushed out with different mixtures of gases
JP2008507090A (en) * 2004-07-13 2008-03-06 アドバンスド ライティング テクノロジイズ,インコーポレイティド Krypton metal halide lamp
DE102004044366A1 (en) 2004-09-10 2006-03-16 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH High pressure discharge lamp

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US3305289A (en) * 1963-05-09 1967-02-21 Gen Electric Electric lamp manufacture
US3689799A (en) * 1970-09-14 1972-09-05 Gen Electric Method of dosing lamps
DE2127526A1 (en) * 1971-06-03 1972-12-14 Licentia Gmbh Method for carrying out the method for generating a high vacuum and Vornch
JPS51128179A (en) * 1975-04-30 1976-11-08 Iwasaki Electric Co Ltd Discharge lamp manufacturing method
JPS6057654B2 (en) * 1980-12-26 1985-12-16 株式会社東芝 Tube sealing method
SE457033B (en) * 1985-05-23 1988-11-21 Lumalampan Ab KOMPAKTLYSROER
ZA859137B (en) * 1985-11-28 1986-06-16
HU207175B (en) * 1986-02-12 1993-03-01 Tungsram Reszvenytarsasag Device for manufacturing discharge tube of a sodium vapour discharge lamp

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DD290503A5 (en) 1991-05-29
DE58909143D1 (en) 1995-05-04
HU203427B (en) 1991-07-29
EP0374676A2 (en) 1990-06-27
EP0374676A3 (en) 1991-05-08
HUT52892A (en) 1990-08-28
JPH02220327A (en) 1990-09-03
HU896664D0 (en) 1990-02-28
JP2723638B2 (en) 1998-03-09
DE3842770A1 (en) 1990-06-21

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