EP0374291B1 - Method of cleaning surfaces, especially delicate surfaces - Google Patents

Method of cleaning surfaces, especially delicate surfaces Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0374291B1
EP0374291B1 EP88121432A EP88121432A EP0374291B1 EP 0374291 B1 EP0374291 B1 EP 0374291B1 EP 88121432 A EP88121432 A EP 88121432A EP 88121432 A EP88121432 A EP 88121432A EP 0374291 B1 EP0374291 B1 EP 0374291B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
jet
mineral
jet material
cleaning
water
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP88121432A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0374291A1 (en
Inventor
Johan Szücs
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Jos Verwaltungs-Gmbh & Co Gesellschaft fur Reini
Original Assignee
Jos Verwaltungs-Gmbh & Co Gesellschaft fur Reinigungsverfahren KG
Jos Verwaltungs-Gmbh & Co Gesellschaft fur Reinigungsverfahren KG
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Application filed by Jos Verwaltungs-Gmbh & Co Gesellschaft fur Reinigungsverfahren KG, Jos Verwaltungs-Gmbh & Co Gesellschaft fur Reinigungsverfahren KG filed Critical Jos Verwaltungs-Gmbh & Co Gesellschaft fur Reinigungsverfahren KG
Priority to DE88121432T priority Critical patent/DE3884207D1/en
Priority to ES88121432T priority patent/ES2043776T3/en
Priority to AT88121432T priority patent/ATE94447T1/en
Priority to EP88121432A priority patent/EP0374291B1/en
Publication of EP0374291A1 publication Critical patent/EP0374291A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C11/00—Selection of abrasive materials or additives for abrasive blasts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cleaning process for frescoes, murals or paintings that are contaminated by environmental influences.
  • the process described here is a further development of the cleaning process for surfaces in accordance with European Patent No. 0 171 448.
  • blasting material a substance suitable as blasting material
  • sharp-edged blasting material such as sand (a silicon compound), quartz, corundum or fly ash.
  • a sandblasting method for metal surfaces is known, in which abrasive sand particles are directed onto a metal surface at high speed using an air stream.
  • the object of the present invention is to propose a cleaning method for frescoes, wall paintings or paintings which can clean such sensitive surfaces essentially without damage.
  • blasting material with low hardness has the advantage that when blasting the sensitive surfaces of frescoes, murals or paintings, they greatly enhance the cleaning effect of the water / gas jet, but because of their minimum hardness, which is generally less than the hardness of the materials to be cleaned, clean them properly, but do not destroy them.
  • the kinematics of the collision processes taking place during cleaning play a decisive role. Due to its mass, the mineral blasting material is capable of absorbing kinetic energy and releasing it on impact on the surface to be cleaned, and thus of detaching layers that are not integrally connected to the surface, namely impurities. However, before the object to be cleaned can be removed itself, the mineral particles will release their inert kinetic energy by bursting and / or being thrown back by the surface to be cleaned.
  • Dolomite which has a double carbonate as a rock-forming mineral, is preferably used as a suitable shot.
  • the hardness of this material is 3.5.
  • Other materials based on simple carbonates are also used for this process. These are e.g. B. limestone, but also lime itself.
  • this method is not limited to the mineral blasting materials mentioned above, but rather can be combined with all substances with a hardness of four or less.
  • the grain size of the blasting material used should not exceed 1 mm in diameter. Diameters between 0.01 and 0.8 mm can guarantee an optimal cleaning result depending on the nature of the surface to be cleaned. The cleaning process using mineral blasting material in dust form is particularly uncritical. Diameters from 0.01 to 0.05 mm are preferred.
  • frescoes can usually be cleaned without any visible surface damage.
  • the device shown in the figure which is generally referred to as "mixing head 10" and for carrying out the invention Suitable for the method has on the feed side two pipe sockets with central axes 12, 14 through which the jet components are introduced into the mixing head 10.
  • a pressurized water / air mixture is fed on the axis 12 to the mixing area 16 of the mixing head 10 and a blasting material / air mixture under pressure is fed on the axis 14.
  • the ratio of the two pressures to one another differs from application to application.
  • the two pipe sockets can be supplied by their own, but also by a common pressure source via adjustable pressure sources.
  • the two jet parts mix to form an overall jet which, as described in EU-PS 0 171 448, has a rotational movement.
  • the total jet then emerges through the nozzle area 18 of the mixing head 10 along the axis 20 and strikes the surface 22 of an object to be cleaned.
  • mineral blasting materials with a Mohs hardness of less than or equal to four are introduced into the mixing head 10 along the axis 14, even paintings can be cleaned extremely gently.
  • highly sensitive surfaces 22 can mineral substances such as dolomite, calcite, limestone can be used.
  • the particle size should not exceed 1 mm in diameter. With diameter sizes from 0.01 to 0.8 mm, almost all surfaces and especially sensitive surfaces can be cleaned.
  • the method according to the invention can also be carried out with substances of another type which have a Mohs hardness of less than or equal to four.

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method of cleaning surfaces, especially delicate surfaces contaminated and attacked by atmospheric influences, by means of a jet of fine-grained, mineral blasting substance and water, in which method the jet contains a high proportion of air, which in volume is a multiple of the water proportion, and in addition only materials having a maximum hardness of four on the Mohs' scale are used as a mineral blasting substance. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Renigungsverfahren für Fresken, Wandgemälde oder Gemälde, die durch Umwelteinflüsse kontaminiert sind. Das hier beschriebene Verfahren ist eine Weiterentwicklung des Reinigungsverfahrens für Oberflächen nach dem Europäischen Patent Nr. 0 171 448.The invention relates to a cleaning process for frescoes, murals or paintings that are contaminated by environmental influences. The process described here is a further development of the cleaning process for surfaces in accordance with European Patent No. 0 171 448.

In dieser Patentschrift werden mehrere als Strahlgut geeignete Substanzen erwähnt, nämlich insbesondere scharfkantiges Strahlgut wie Sand (eine Siliziumverbindung), Quarz, Korund oder Flugasche. Diese Strahlgüter werden in einem Mischkopf mit einem Luft/Wasser-Strahl vereinigt, der eine zusätzliche Eigenrotation aufweist. Der aus dem Mischkopf austretende Gesamtstrahl wird auf die zu reinigende Oberfläche gelenkt.In this patent, several substances suitable as blasting material are mentioned, namely in particular sharp-edged blasting material such as sand (a silicon compound), quartz, corundum or fly ash. These blasting materials are combined in a mixing head with an air / water jet, which has an additional self-rotation. The total jet emerging from the mixing head is directed onto the surface to be cleaned.

Insbesondere bei hochempfindlichen Oberflächen führen allerdings die oben genannten scharfkantigen Strahlgüter in den zur Reinigung der Oberflächen angewendeten Wasser/Luft-Strahlen zu einem physikalischen Abtragen von Oberflächenschichten und damit zu einer Zerstörung empfindlicher Oberflächen.Particularly in the case of highly sensitive surfaces, however, the abovementioned sharp-edged blasting materials in the water / air jets used for cleaning the surfaces lead to a physical removal of surface layers and thus to the destruction of sensitive surfaces.

Aus der Japanese Patent Gazette, Sektion C, Woche 8640, Nr. 86-262078/40, Derwent Publications Ltd., London, 25. August 1986, ist ein Verfahren zum Reinigen von Fahrzeugen mit einer unter hohem Druck stehenden Mischung aus Luft, Wasser und abrasiven Mitteln bekannt.From Japanese Patent Gazette, Section C, Week 8640, No. 86-262078 / 40, Derwent Publications Ltd., London, August 25, 1986, is a method for cleaning vehicles with a high pressure mixture of air, water and abrasive agents known.

Aus der NL-A-91624 ist ein Sandstrahlbearbeitungsverfahren für Metalloberflächen bekannt, bei dem abrasive Sandteilchen mit hoher Geschwindigkeit unter Verwendung eines Luftstromes auf eine Metalloberfläche gelenkt werden.From NL-A-91624 a sandblasting method for metal surfaces is known, in which abrasive sand particles are directed onto a metal surface at high speed using an air stream.

Weitere Verfahren zur Reinigung robusterer Oberflächen sind aus der NL-C-96067, der GB-A-1 526 866, der US-A-4,751,016 und der EP-A-0 258 707 sowie dem Patent Abstract of Japan, Band 10, Nr. 199 (C-359), [2255], vom 11. Juli 1986 bzw. 26.Februar 1986 bekannt.Further methods for cleaning more robust surfaces are described in NL-C-96067, GB-A-1 526 866, US-A-4,751,016 and EP-A-0 258 707 as well as the Patent Abstract of Japan, volume 10, no 199 (C-359), [2255], dated July 11, 1986 and February 26, 1986, respectively.

Es ist demgegenüber die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ein Reinigungsverfahren für Fresken, Wandgemälde oder Gemälde vorzuschlagen, das derart empfindliche Oberflächen im wesentlichen ohne Schädigung zu reinigen vermag.In contrast, the object of the present invention is to propose a cleaning method for frescoes, wall paintings or paintings which can clean such sensitive surfaces essentially without damage.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die im Patentanspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmale gelöst.This object is achieved by the features specified in claim 1.

Zweckmäßige Ausführungsformen werden durch die Merkmale der Unteransprüche definiert.Appropriate embodiments are defined by the features of the subclaims.

Der Einsatz von Strahlgutmaterialien mit geringer Härte hat den Vorteil, daß diese bei der Strahlreinigung der empfindlichen Oberflächen von Fresken, Wandgemälden oder Gemälden zwar den Reinigungseffekt des Wasser/Gas-Strahles sehr verstärken, aber aufgrund ihrer minimalen Härte, welche in der Regel geringer ist als die Härte der zu reinigenden Materialien, diese zwar einwandfrei reinigen, aber nicht zerstören. Dabei spielt die Kinematik der bei der Reinigung ablaufenden Stoßprozesse eine entscheidende Rolle. Das mineralische Strahlgut ist aufgrund seiner Masse in der Lage, Bewegungsenergie aufzunehmen und bei dem Aufprall auf die zu reinigende Oberfläche freizusetzen und damit nicht einstückig mit der Oberfläche verbundene Schichten, nämlich Verunreinigungen, abzusprengen. Bevor allerdings ein Abtragen an dem zu reinigenden Objekt selbst zustande kommen kann, werden die mineralischen Partikel ihre inerte Bewegungsenergie freisetzen, indem sie zerbersten und/oder von der zu reinigenden Oberfläche zurückgeworfen werden.The use of blasting material with low hardness has the advantage that when blasting the sensitive surfaces of frescoes, murals or paintings, they greatly enhance the cleaning effect of the water / gas jet, but because of their minimum hardness, which is generally less than the hardness of the materials to be cleaned, clean them properly, but do not destroy them. The kinematics of the collision processes taking place during cleaning play a decisive role. Due to its mass, the mineral blasting material is capable of absorbing kinetic energy and releasing it on impact on the surface to be cleaned, and thus of detaching layers that are not integrally connected to the surface, namely impurities. However, before the object to be cleaned can be removed itself, the mineral particles will release their inert kinetic energy by bursting and / or being thrown back by the surface to be cleaned.

Als geeignetes Strahlgut wird bevorzugt Dolomit verwendet, der als gesteinsbildendes Mineral ein Doppelkarbonat aufweist. Die Härte dieses Materials liegt bei 3,5. Auch andere Materialien auf der Basis von einfachen Karbonaten kommen für dieses Verfahren zur Anwendung. Dieses sind z. B. Kalkstein, aber auch Kalk selbst.Dolomite, which has a double carbonate as a rock-forming mineral, is preferably used as a suitable shot. The hardness of this material is 3.5. Other materials based on simple carbonates are also used for this process. These are e.g. B. limestone, but also lime itself.

Natürlich ist dieses Verfahren nicht auf die vorstehenden mineralischen Strahlgüter beschränkt, sondern läßt sich vielmehr mit allen Substanzen ausführen, deren Härte maximal vier ist.Of course, this method is not limited to the mineral blasting materials mentioned above, but rather can be combined with all substances with a hardness of four or less.

Die Körnung des eingesetzten Strahlgutes sollte 1 mm Durchmesser nicht übersteigen. Durchmesser zwischen 0,01 und 0,8 mm Durchmesser können abhängig von der Beschaffenheit der zu reinigenden Oberfläche ein optimales Reinigungsergebnis garantieren. Besonders unkritisch ist das Reinigungsverfahren unter Einsatz von mineralischem Strahlgut in Staubform. Dabei kommen Durchmesser von 0,01 bis 0,05 mm bevorzugt in Betracht.The grain size of the blasting material used should not exceed 1 mm in diameter. Diameters between 0.01 and 0.8 mm can guarantee an optimal cleaning result depending on the nature of the surface to be cleaned. The cleaning process using mineral blasting material in dust form is particularly uncritical. Diameters from 0.01 to 0.05 mm are preferred.

Mit den zuvor genannten Materialien bzw. Parametern lassen sich Fresken Wandgemälde und Gemälde in der Regel ohne sichtbare Oberflächenschäden säubern.With the aforementioned materials and parameters, frescoes can usually be cleaned without any visible surface damage.

Der Gegenstand der Erfindung wird anhand der beigefügten, schematischen Zeichnung näher erläutert, deren einzige Figur im Schnitt eine Vorrichtung zur Ausführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zeigt.The object of the invention is explained in more detail with reference to the attached schematic drawing, the only figure of which shows in section a device for carrying out the method according to the invention.

Die aus der Figur ersichtliche Vorrichtung, die allgemein als "Mischkopf 10" bezeichnet wird und zur Ausführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens geeignet ist, hat an der Zuführseite zwei Rohrstutzen mit Mittelachsen 12, 14, durch welche die Strahlbestandteile in den Mischkopf 10 eingeleitet werden. Auf der Achse 12 wird dem Mischbereich 16 des Mischkopfes 10 ein unter Druck stehendes Wasser/Luft-Gemisch und auf der Achse 14 ein Strahlgut/Luft-Gemisch unter Druck zugeführt. Das Verhältnis der beiden Drücke zueinander ist von Anwendungsfall zu Anwendungsfall verschieden. Die beiden Rohrstutzen können durch jeweils eigene, aber auch durch eine gemeinsame Druckquelle über einstellbare Druckquellen versorgt werden.The device shown in the figure, which is generally referred to as "mixing head 10" and for carrying out the invention Suitable for the method has on the feed side two pipe sockets with central axes 12, 14 through which the jet components are introduced into the mixing head 10. A pressurized water / air mixture is fed on the axis 12 to the mixing area 16 of the mixing head 10 and a blasting material / air mixture under pressure is fed on the axis 14. The ratio of the two pressures to one another differs from application to application. The two pipe sockets can be supplied by their own, but also by a common pressure source via adjustable pressure sources.

Im Mischbereich 16 vermischen sich die beiden Strahlteile zu einem Gesamtstrahl, der wie in der EU-PS 0 171 448 beschrieben wird, eine Rotationsbewegung hat. Der Gesamtstrahl tritt dann durch den Düsenbereich 18 des Mischkopfes 10 entlang der Achse 20 aus und trifft auf die Oberfläche 22 eines zu reinigenden Objektes auf.In the mixing area 16, the two jet parts mix to form an overall jet which, as described in EU-PS 0 171 448, has a rotational movement. The total jet then emerges through the nozzle area 18 of the mixing head 10 along the axis 20 and strikes the surface 22 of an object to be cleaned.

Werden entlang der Achse 14 in den Mischbereich 16 herkömmliche Strahlgüter, wie z. B. Quarzmehl zugeführt, so können empfindliche Oberflächen 22 geschädigt werden.Are along the axis 14 in the mixing area 16 conventional blasting materials such. B. quartz powder supplied, sensitive surfaces 22 can be damaged.

Werden dagegen in den Mischkopf 10 entlang der Achse 14 mineralische Strahlgüter mit einer Mohshärte von kleiner oder gleich vier eingeführt, so lassen sich selbst Gemälde äußerst schonend reinigen. Für die Reinigung solcher hochempfindlicher Oberflächen 22 können mineralische Substanzen wie Dolomite, Calcite, Kalkstein eingesetzt werden. Dabei sollte die Partikelgröße 1 mm Durchmesser nicht übersteigen. Mit Durchmessergrößen von 0,01 bis 0,8 mm lassen sich nahezu alle Oberflächen und insbesondere empfindliche Oberflächen reinigen.If, on the other hand, mineral blasting materials with a Mohs hardness of less than or equal to four are introduced into the mixing head 10 along the axis 14, even paintings can be cleaned extremely gently. For cleaning such highly sensitive surfaces 22 can mineral substances such as dolomite, calcite, limestone can be used. The particle size should not exceed 1 mm in diameter. With diameter sizes from 0.01 to 0.8 mm, almost all surfaces and especially sensitive surfaces can be cleaned.

Vollkommen bedenkenfreie Reinigung ist mit Partikeldurchmessern von 0,01 bis 0,05 mm Durchmesser möglich.Completely worry-free cleaning is possible with particle diameters from 0.01 to 0.05 mm.

Natürlich läßt sich das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren auch mit Substanzen anderer Art ausführen, die eine Mohshärte von kleiner oder gleich vier haben.Of course, the method according to the invention can also be carried out with substances of another type which have a Mohs hardness of less than or equal to four.

Claims (5)

  1. Cleaning method for frescoes, murals or paintings, in which
    a) a jet having an additional inherent rotation and comprising fine-grain mineral jet material and water is directed against the frescoes, murals or paintings, the jet containing a high proportion of air which by volume is a multiple of the water content, and
    b) the jet material is added to the air before the air-jet material mixture is brought together with the water,
    c) a mineral jet material is used having a hardness (Mohs hardness) of at the most four, and
    d) the granulation of the jet material has a diameter of 0.01 to 1 mm.
  2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that a mineral jet material on the basis of carbonates is used.
  3. Method according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that a mineral jet material is used on the basis of calcium carbonates (limestone).
  4. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a mineral jet material is used on the basis of dolomite (Ca Mg (CO₃)₂).
  5. Method according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the granulation of the jet material has a diameter of 0.01 to 0.05 mm.
EP88121432A 1988-12-21 1988-12-21 Method of cleaning surfaces, especially delicate surfaces Expired - Lifetime EP0374291B1 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE88121432T DE3884207D1 (en) 1988-12-21 1988-12-21 Process for cleaning surfaces, especially sensitive surfaces.
ES88121432T ES2043776T3 (en) 1988-12-21 1988-12-21 PROCEDURE FOR THE CLEANING OF SURFACES, IN PARTICULAR OF FLAT SURFACES.
AT88121432T ATE94447T1 (en) 1988-12-21 1988-12-21 PROCEDURE FOR CLEANING SURFACES, ESPECIALLY DELICATE SURFACES.
EP88121432A EP0374291B1 (en) 1988-12-21 1988-12-21 Method of cleaning surfaces, especially delicate surfaces

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP88121432A EP0374291B1 (en) 1988-12-21 1988-12-21 Method of cleaning surfaces, especially delicate surfaces

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0374291A1 EP0374291A1 (en) 1990-06-27
EP0374291B1 true EP0374291B1 (en) 1993-09-15

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EP88121432A Expired - Lifetime EP0374291B1 (en) 1988-12-21 1988-12-21 Method of cleaning surfaces, especially delicate surfaces

Country Status (4)

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EP (1) EP0374291B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE94447T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3884207D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2043776T3 (en)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5318636A (en) * 1991-04-19 1994-06-07 Eva Abony Szucs Method for cleaning surfaces, in particular sensitive surfaces
DE4112890A1 (en) * 1991-04-19 1992-10-22 Abony Szuecs Eva METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CLEANING SURFACES, ESPECIALLY SENSITIVE SURFACES
NO175807C (en) * 1992-09-25 1994-12-14 Norsk Hydro As Method of coating removal and blowing agent for coating removal
GB2325000B (en) * 1997-05-09 2000-12-06 Stephen William Rudman Blast cleaning
FR3059580B1 (en) * 2016-12-01 2020-06-19 Sa Gerard Pariche PROCESS AND PLANT FOR DEPOLISHING GLASS CONTAINER
WO2020049033A1 (en) * 2018-09-05 2020-03-12 LUTZ, Margot Method for treating surfaces

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL96067C (en) * 1900-01-01
NL91624C (en) * 1900-01-01
US3313067A (en) * 1964-10-20 1967-04-11 Gen Electric Process for deflashing articles
GB1526866A (en) * 1977-05-30 1978-10-04 Lankro Chem Ltd Cleaning compositions
US4731125A (en) * 1984-04-19 1988-03-15 Carr Lawrence S Media blast paint removal system
EP0171448B1 (en) * 1984-08-14 1988-02-03 Johann Szücs Device and method for cleaning of stone and metal surfaces
US4751016A (en) * 1985-02-26 1988-06-14 The Clorox Company Liquid aqueous abrasive cleanser
DE3786430T2 (en) * 1986-09-03 1993-10-28 Kao Corp Liquid cleaner composition.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3884207D1 (en) 1993-10-21
ES2043776T3 (en) 1994-01-01
EP0374291A1 (en) 1990-06-27
ATE94447T1 (en) 1993-10-15

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