EP0369317A1 - Washing and cleaning agents containing sec. dialkylether sulfates - Google Patents

Abstract

Washing and cleansing agents in solid or liquid form, containing (a) 1 to 50 wt. % of at least one anionic or cationic tenside, (b) 1 to 90 wt. % of at least one compound from the class of builder salts and sequestering agents and (c) a quantity of other usual constituents of washing and cleansing agents sufficient to make up to 100 wt. %. The component (a) consists wholly or partly of a secondary dialkyl ether sulphate of general formula (I) in which the symbols have the following meaning: M = Na, K, Mg, ammonium or an organic ammonium cation, R<1> = a linear C1-C16 alkyl residue, R<2> = hydrogen or a linear C1-C16 alkyl residue, R<3> = a linear or branched C1-22 alkyl residue, provided that the sum of the C atoms in (R1 + R2) = 1 to 18 and in (R1 + R2 + R3) = 8 to 22, R<4> = hydrogen or CH3 and n is a number between 0 and 15.

Description

The present invention relates to detergents and cleaning agents which, as anionic surfactant component, have salts of sec. Contains dialkyl ether sulfates. This new surfactant compound is excellently suitable as an exchange component for alkylbenzenesulfonates, since, with comparable good application properties, it has much more favorable ecological properties, i. H. develops better biodegradability and less toxicity to fish and small organisms in wastewater. In addition, it can essentially be produced from natural, renewable raw materials.

• a) 1 bis 50 Gew.-% mindestens eines anionischen oder kationischen Tensids,
• b) 1 bis 90 Gew.-% mindestens einer Verbindung aus der Klasse der Buildersalze und Sequestrierungsmittel und
• c) Differenz bis 100 Gew.-% an sonstigen üblichen Wasch- und Rei­nigungsmittelbestandteilen,

dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Komponente (a) ganz oder teilweise aus einem sekundären Dialkylethersulfat der allgemeinen Formel I besteht:

in der die Symbole die folgende Bedeutung haben: M = Na, K, Mg, Ammonium oder ein organisches Ammonium-Kation, R¹ = linearer C₁-C₁₆-Alkylrest, R² = Wasserstoff oder linearer C₁₋₁₆-Alkylrest, R³ = linearer oder verzweigter C₁₋₂₂-Alkylrest mit der Maßgabe, daß die Summe der C-Atome in (R₁ + R₂) = 1 bis 18 und in (R₁ + R₂ + R₃) = 8 bis 22 beträgt, R⁴ = Wasserstoff oder CH₃ und n = Zahlen von 0 bis 15.The invention relates to detergents and cleaning agents in solid or liquid form, containing

• a) 1 to 50% by weight of at least one anionic or cationic surfactant,
• b) 1 to 90% by weight of at least one compound from the class of the builder salts and sequestering agents and
• c) difference of up to 100% by weight of other usual detergent and cleaning agent components,

characterized in that component (a) consists wholly or partly of a secondary dialkyl ether sulfate of the general formula I:

in which the symbols have the following meaning: M = Na, K, Mg, ammonium or an organic ammonium cation, R¹ = linear C₁-C₁₆ alkyl radical, R² = hydrogen or linear C₁₋₁₆ alkyl radical, R³ = linear or branched C₁₋₂₂-alkyl radical with the proviso that the sum of the C atoms in (R₁ + R₂) = 1 to 18 and in (R₁ + R₂ + R₃) = 8 to 22, R⁴ = hydrogen or CH₃ and n = numbers from 0 to 15.

The meaning of M in the abovementioned general formula (I) is Na, K, Mg, ammonium, alkylammonium, alkanolammonium, where the alkyl and alkanol radicals of the organic ammonium ions mentioned can each have 1 to 4 carbon atoms. The sodium salts are preferred. The salts of triethanolamine are particularly useful for liquid agents.

In the general formula (I), R1 represents a linear alkyl radical having 1 to 16 carbon atoms. The substituents R 1 for the compounds according to the invention are therefore methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, n- Hendecyl n-dodecyl, n-tridecyl, n-tetradecyl, n-pentadecyl and n-hexadecyl in question. Alkyl radicals having 6 to 14 carbon atoms are preferred.

The meaning of R² in the general formula (I) mentioned above is hydrogen or a linear alkyl radical having 1 to 16 carbon atoms. In addition to hydrogen, the same alkyl radicals as for R¹ are suitable for R². The sum of the C atoms contained in R¹ and R² is 1 to 18, preferably 6 to 14. In particular, R¹ is linear alkyl radicals having 8 to 12 C atoms and R² is hydrogen. In the above formula (I), R³ represents a linear or branched, saturated alkyl radical having 1 to 22 carbon atoms. The substituents R 3 are therefore methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, n-hendecyl, n- Dodecyl, n-tridecyl, n-tetradecyl, n-pentadecyl, n-hexadecyl, n-heptadecyl, n-octadecyl, n-nonadecyl, n-eicosyl, n-heneicosyl and n-docosyl as well as the branched chain isomers of the alkyl radicals in question .

R³ stands for linear, saturated alkyl radicals with 1 to 22 carbon atoms. A preferred embodiment comprises compounds in which R 3 represents linear, saturated alkyl radicals having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, in particular alkyl radicals having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

In the above general formula (I) R⁴ represents a methyl group and preferably hydrogen. The index n stands for a number from 0 to 15, the range from 1 to 10 being preferred for n. However, it is also possible for ethoxy radicals and propoxy radicals to be incorporated next to one another in the molecule chain in any ratio and in any order. Such mixed ethers also fall under the general formula (I).

in der R¹ und R² die oben angegebenen Bedeutungen haben, mit Al­koholalkoxylaten der allgemeinen Formel III

in der R³, R⁴ und n die oben angegebenen Bedeutungen haben, bei erhöhter Temperatur in Gegenwart eines Katalysators zu Hydroxy­alkylpolyethylen- und Hydroxyalkylpolypropylenglykolethern der allgemeinen Formel VI

umsetzt. Diese Umsetzung erfolgt bei Temperaturen von 100 bis 180 °C, bevorzugt 120 bis 160 °C. Als Katalysatoren werden vorzugs­weise Alkalimetallalkoholate, wie Natriummethylat verwendet. Die Menge des Katalysators beträgt 0,01 bis 2 Gew.-% des Reaktionsge­misches. Die so erhaltenen Verbindungen der Formel IV werden mit bekannten Sulfierungsmitteln umgesetzt, wie Chlorsulfonsäure, Amidosulfonsäure oder - vorzugsweise - mit Schwefeltrioxid, das mit inerten Gasen bzw. Luft verdünnt ist, wobei die Temperatur während der Sulfatierung zweckmäßigerweise 10 bis 40 °C beträgt. Das rohe Sulfatierungsprodukt wird dann in eine basische, einen Überschuß an Neutralierungsmitteln enthaltende wäßrige Lösung eingetragen bzw. kontinuierlich neutralisiert. Diese Lösung wird zweckmäßigerweise anschließend 20 Min. bis 1 Stunde bei Tempera­turen von 60 bis 100 °C nachbehandelt. Die wäßrigen Lösungen der erhaltenen Verbindungen können, ggf. nach Neutralisieren von überschüssigen basischen Verbindungen, unmittelbar weiterverar­beitet oder auch getrocknet, insbesondere sprühgetrocknet werden. Detaillierte Herstellungsangaben finden sich in EP-A-299 370 bzw. US-Application No. 210 719 mit Priorität vom 15.07.1987.The production of the dialkyl ether sulfates not claimed here can be carried out in such a way that epoxides of the general formula II

in which R¹ and R² have the meanings given above, with alcohol alkoxylates of the general formula III

in which R³, R⁴ and n have the meanings given above, at elevated temperature in the presence of a catalyst to give hydroxyalkyl polyethylene and hydroxyalkyl polypropylene glycol ethers of the general formula VI

implements. This reaction takes place at temperatures from 100 to 180 ° C., preferably 120 to 160 ° C. Alkali metal alcoholates, such as sodium methylate, are preferably used as catalysts. The amount of the catalyst is 0.01 to 2% by weight of the reaction mixture. The compounds of the formula IV obtained in this way are reacted with known sulfonating agents, such as chlorosulfonic acid, amidosulfonic acid or - preferably - with sulfur trioxide which is diluted with inert gases or air, the temperature being advantageously 10 to 40 ° C. during the sulfation. The crude sulfation product is then converted into a basic one Excess aqueous solution containing neutralizing agents added or continuously neutralized. This solution is then advantageously post-treated for 20 minutes to 1 hour at temperatures of 60 to 100 ° C. The aqueous solutions of the compounds obtained can, if appropriate after neutralizing excess basic compounds, be further processed immediately or else dried, in particular spray-dried. Detailed manufacturing information can be found in EP-A-299 370 or US Application No. 210 719 with priority from 07/15/1987.

The dialkyl ether sulfates can be used in amounts of 1 to 50% by weight, preferably 2 to 25% by weight, in customary washing and cleaning agents and in particular in those in which alkylbenzenesulfonates have hitherto been used as surfactants. Because of their comparable, inexpensive cleaning properties and their good solubility properties, they can advantageously replace all or part of the alkylbenzenesulfonates in such compositions. In order that the advantageous ecological properties of the dialkyl ether sulfates are sufficiently effective, agents are preferred in which at least 50% by weight of conventional alkylbenzenesulfonates are replaced by the dialkyl ether sulfates. Agents without a content of alkylbenzenesulfonates are particularly preferred.

The agents containing dialkyl ether sulfates can be solid, i. H. Powdery, granular or also as shaped pieces or in liquid or pasty form.

As components of component (a), the agents according to the invention can contain additional anionic or nonionic surfactants. These include in particular soaps, as well as surfactants from Sulfonate and sulfate type as well as non-ionic compounds, e.g. B. from the class of polyglycol ether derivatives. Surfactants with high biodegradation rates and low toxicity in aquatic systems are preferred.

Suitable soaps are derived from natural or synthetic, saturated or monounsaturated fatty acids with 12 to 22 carbon atoms. Are particularly suitable from natural fatty acids such. B. coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acid derived soap mixtures. Preferred are those which are composed of 50 to 100% of saturated C₁₂₋₁₈ fatty acid soaps and 0 to 50% of oleic acid soap.

Useful surfactants of the sulfonate type are - taking into account the above reservations - linear alkylbenzenesulfonates (C₉₋₁₃-alkyl) and olefin sulfonates, d. H. Mixtures of alkene and hydroxyalkanesulfonates and disulfonates as obtained, for example, from C₁₂₋₁₈ monoolefins with a terminal or internal double bond by sulfonation with gaseous sulfur trioxide and subsequent alkaline hydrolysis of the sulfonation products. Also suitable are alkanesulfonates, which are obtainable from C₁₂₋₁₈ alkanes by sulfochlorination or sulfoxidation and subsequent hydrolysis or neutralization, and also alpha-sulfofatty acids and their esters, e.g. B. the alpha-sulfonated hydrogenated coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids and their methyl or ethyl esters and mixtures thereof. The alpha sulfoesters and alpha sulfo fatty acid disalts are preferred.

Particularly suitable surfactants of the sulfate type are the sulfuric acid monoesters from primary alcohols of natural and synthetic origin, ie from fatty alcohols such as. B. coconut fatty alcohols, Tallow fatty alcohols, oleyl alcohol, lauryl, myristyl, palmityl or stearyl alcohol or the C₁₀₋₁₈ oxo alcohols. Sulfuric acid monoesters of the aliphatic primary alcohols or ethoxylated alcohols ethoxylated with 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 2, moles of ethylene oxide are also very suitable. Sulfated fatty acid alkanolamides and sulfated fatty acid monoglycerides are also suitable.

The anionic surfactants are usually in the form of their sodium salts. Their proportion, based on the composition, is generally 0 to 25% by weight, preferably 3 to 20% by weight, including the dialkyl ether sulfates.

Addition products of 2 to 20, preferably 3 to 15 moles of ethylene oxide with 1 mole of a compound having essentially 10 to 20 carbon atoms from the group of alcohols are preferably used as nonionic surfactants. These include water-soluble adducts of 7 to 15 moles of ethylene oxide with primary alcohols, such as. B. on coconut or tallow fatty alcohols, on oleyl alcohol, on oxo alcohols or on secondary alcohols having 8 to 18, preferably 12 to 20 carbon atoms. In addition to these water-soluble nonionics, non-completely or not completely water-soluble polyglycol ethers with 2 to 6 ethylene glycol ether residues and the same C chain length are also of interest, which are distinguished by an increased cleaning ability against greasy soiling.

Further suitable nonionic surfactants are alkyl glycosides or alkyl oligoglycosides, the alkyl group of which has 8 to 18, preferably 10 to 16, carbon atoms. The content of the agents in nonionic surfactants or nonionic surfactant mixtures is 0 to 25 % By weight, preferably 1 to 20% by weight and in particular 2 to 15% by weight.

Suitable zwitterionic surfactants are those with a betaine structure and the known sulfobetaines. Cationic surfactants, for example quaternary ammonium salts with a C₁₀₋₁₆ alkyl chain and three lower alkyl groups, preferably methyl groups, can also be used. With a weight ratio of anionic surfactant (including dialkyl ether sulfate) to cationic surfactant of 3: 1 to 25: 1, they can increase the washing power of the detergents, especially in relation to fatty stains.

The total content of surfactants in the detergents depends on the intended use and is 1 to 50% by weight. In solid compositions it is preferably 5 to 30% by weight and in particular 8 to 25% by weight. In liquid, builder salt-free agents, it is generally higher and is 15 to 50% by weight, preferably 20 to 45% by weight.

Component (b) consists of builder salts and sequestering agents, which, individually or in a mixture, bind or precipitate the lime hardness of the water or precipitate or complexly bind disruptive heavy metal ions and thus increase the cleaning power and prevent undesired decomposition of sensitive components such as per-compounds and enzymes.

Suitable components of component (b) are, in particular, ecologically harmless builder salts, such as finely crystalline, synthetic water-containing zeolites of the NaA type, which have a calcium binding capacity in the range from 100 to 200 mg CaO / g (according to the information in DE 22 24 837). Their particle size is usually in the range from 1 to 10 μm. In solid or pasty form their content is generally 0 to 40, preferably 10 to 30,% by weight, based on the anhydrous substance.

Other components of component (b) which are used in particular together with the zeolites are (co) polymeric polycarboxylates, such as polyacrylates, polymethacrylates and in particular copolymers of acrylic acid with maleic acid, preferably those composed of 50% to 10% maleic acid. The molecular weight of the homopolymers is generally between 1,000 and 100,000, that of the copolymers between 2,000 and 200,000, preferably 50,000 to 120,000, based on free acid. A particularly preferred acrylic acid-maleic acid copolymer has a molecular weight of 50,000 to 100,000.

Suitable, albeit less preferred, compounds of this class are copolymers of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with vinyl ethers, such as vinyl methyl ether, in which the proportion of acid is at least 50%. Also useful are polyacetal carboxylic acids as described, for example, in US Pat. Nos. 4,144,226 and 4,146,495, which are obtained by polymerizing esters of glycolic acid, introducing stable terminal end groups, and saponifying to give the sodium or potassium salts. Also suitable are polymeric acids which are obtained by polymerizing acrolein and disproportionating the polymer according to Canizzaro using strong alkalis. They are essentially made up of acrylic acid units and vinyl alcohol units or acrolein units.

The content of (co) polymeric polycarboxylic acids in the composition, based on free acid, is 0 to 15% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 10% by weight and in particular 1 to 5% by weight.

The components of component (b) also include nitrilotriacetate (NTA), preferably in the form of the sodium salt, and polycarboxylic acids, such as citric acid, likewise preferably as the sodium salt. Furthermore, the salts of polyphosphonic acids, in particular 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid, possibly also aminoalkane polyphosphonic acid, such as aminotrimethylenephosphonic acid (ATP), ethylenediamine-tetramethylenephosphonate (EDTMP), diethylenetriaminepentamethylenephosphonate (DTPMPe) and their higher homologue are also suitable. They are preferably in the form of the neutral sodium salts, e.g. B. as the hexasodium salt of EDTMP or as the hepta and octa sodium salt of DTPMP. Their proportion in the compositions, calculated on free acid, is generally 0 to 3% by weight, in particular 0.1 to 1.5% by weight.

In cases where a phosphate content is tolerated, phosphates can also be used, in particular pentasodium triphosphate, possibly also pyrophosphates, which due to their solubility properties can be used in liquid detergents, as well as orthophosphates, which primarily act as precipitants for lime salts. However, the phosphate content, based on pentasodium triphosphate, should preferably be below 30% by weight, in particular below 20% by weight.

The components of component (b) also include washing alkalis such as alkali metal silicates, in particular sodium silicates of the composition Na₂O: SiO₂ = 1: 1 to 1: 3.5, preferably 1: 2 to 1: 3.35. Their proportion in the agents can be 0 to 8% by weight, in particular 2 to 5% by weight, with their proportion preferably not substantially exceeding 3% by weight in the presence of zeolites.

Also suitable as washing alkali is sodium carbonate, the proportion of which is up to 20% by weight, preferably 2 to 15% by weight and in particular 5 to 10% by weight.

The other detergent components (component c), the proportion of which, depending on the composition of the detergent, is up to 80, preferably up to 50% by weight and in particular 5 to 40% by weight, include graying inhibitors (dirt carriers), bleaching agents, bleach activators, optical brighteners, Foam inhibitors, enzymes, fabric softening agents, colors and fragrances as well as neutral salts, solvents and water.

As a component of this component (c), the washing and cleaning agents can contain graying inhibitors, which keep the dirt detached from the fibers suspended in the liquor and thus prevent graying. For this purpose, water-soluble colloids of mostly organic nature are suitable, such as, for example, the water-soluble salts of polymeric carboxylic acids, glue, gelatin, salts of ether carboxylic acids or ether sulfonic acids of starch or cellulose or salts of acidic sulfuric acid esters of cellulose or starch. Water-soluble polyamides containing acidic groups are also suitable for this purpose. Soluble starch preparations and starch products other than those mentioned above can also be used, e.g. B. degraded starch, aldehyde starches, etc. Polyvinylpyrrolidone is also useful. Carboxymethyl cellulose (sodium salt), methyl cellulose, methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose and mixtures thereof are preferably used. The proportion of the compounds is generally 0.2 to 2, preferably 0.5 to 1.5,% by weight.

Of the compounds used as bleaching agents which supply H₂O₂ in water, sodium perborate tetrahydrate (NaBO₂ · H₂O₂ · 3 H₂O) and monohydrate (NaBO₂ · H₂O₂) are of particular importance. Peroxy carbonate (Na₂CO₃ · 1.5 H₂O₂), peroxypyrophosphates, citrate perhydrates, urea perhydrate or melamine perhydrate as well as H₂O₂-delivering peracidic salts or peracids such as perbenzoates, peroxyphathalates, diperazelaic acid or diperdodecanedioic acid can also be used.

In order to achieve an improved bleaching effect when washing at temperatures below 80 ° C., in particular in the range from 40 to 60 ° C., bleach activators can be incorporated into the preparations. Examples include N-acyl or O-acyl compounds which form organic peracids with H₂O₂, preferably N, N'-tetraacylated diamines, such as N, N, N ', N'-tetraacetyl-ethylenediamine, furthermore carboxylic anhydrides and esters of polyols such as glucose pentaacetate.

The detergents can contain, as optical brighteners for cotton, in particular derivatives of diaminostilbenedisulfonic acid or its alkali metal salts. Are suitable for. B. salts of 4,4'-bis (2-anilino-4-morpholino-1,3,5-triazin-6-yl-amino) -stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid or compounds of the same structure, which instead of Morpholino group carry a diethanolamino group, a methylamino group or a 2-methoxyethylamino group. Possible brighteners for polyamide fibers are those of the 1,3-diaryl-2-pyrazoline type, for example the compound 1- (p-sulfamoylphenyl) -3- (p-chlorophenyl) -2-pyrazoline. Brighteners of the substituted 4,4'-distyryl-diphenyl type may also be present; e.g. B. the compound 4,4'-bis (4-chloro-3-sulfo styryl) diphenyl. Mixtures of the aforementioned brighteners can also be used.

Enzymes from the class of proteases, lipases and amylases or mixtures thereof are possible. Enzymes obtained from bacterial strains or fungi such as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Streptomyces griseus are particularly suitable. The enzymes can be adsorbed on carriers and / or embedded in coating substances in order to protect them against premature decomposition.

Suitable foam inhibitors are organopolysiloxanes and their mixtures with microfine, optionally silanized silica, paraffins, waxes, microcrystalline waxes and their mixtures with silanized silica. Bis-acylamides derived from C₁₂₋₂₀ alkylamines and C₂₋₆ dicarboxylic acids are also useful. Mixtures of different foam inhibitors are also advantageously used, e.g. B. from silicone and paraffins or waxes. The foam inhibitors are preferably bound to a granular, water-soluble or dispersible carrier substance.

Layered silicates from the bentonite and smectite class, e.g. B. those according to DE 23 34 899 and EP 265 529. Also suitable are synthetic finely divided sheet silicates with smectite-like crystal phase and reduced swelling capacity, as are characterized in more detail in DE 35 26 405 (US 4,737,306). The layered silicate content can be, for example, up to 20% by weight.

The preparation of powdery to granular agents can be carried out in a conventional manner, ie by spray drying them Conditions resistant components and then admixing the heat-sensitive components such as bleach, enzymes, fragrances and foam inhibitors. Other suitable processes are the granulation of the constituents, water, salt solutions, polymer solutions and / or nonionic surfactants being able to be used as the granulation liquid.

Examples

The following granular or liquid detergents were used as test mixtures. In order to avoid interference from optical brighteners in the remission measurement, brightener-free mixtures and non-optically brightened test fabrics were used. In practice the mixtures would contain between 0.1 and 0.5% by weight of conventional brighteners. Table I component medium I. II III synthesized. Anionic surfactant 6.2 7.2 12.5 Soap (C₁₂₋₁₈, Na salt) 2.4 2.4 15.3 Tallow alcohol + 5 EO 0.3 2.0 - C₁₂₋₁₆ alcohol + 7 EO 1.7 1.4 15.0 Tallow alcohol + 14 EO 0.3 - - Zeolite NaA 10.0 20.0 - Na tripolyphosphate 19.0 - - AA-MA copolymer 1.2 3.3 - Phosphonate - 0.1 0.6 Na citrate - - 0.5 soda - 10.0 - Na silicate 1: 3.3 5.0 3.0 - Mg silicate 0.5 0.4 - Na₂SO₄ 20.0 21.0 - NaBO₃ · 4 H₂O 21.4 18.0 - Cellulose ether 0.5 0.4 - Triethanolamine - - 5.0 Polyethylene glycol - - 5.0 water rest rest rest

It is therefore a phosphate-reduced powder detergent I, a phosphate-free powder detergent II and a phosphate-free liquid detergent III. Mean it
AA-MA copolymer = Na salt of an acrylic acid-maleic acid copolymer, molecular weight 70,000
Phosphonate = Na salt of diethylenetriamine-pentamethylene-phosphonic acid
Cellulose ether = mixtures of carboxymethyl cellulose and hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose
Water = total water content including water bound to zeolite and crystal water.

Linear C₁ An₁₃ alkylbenzenesulfonate Na salt (abbreviation LAS) was used as synthetic anionic surfactant in the comparative experiments (designation V), which were replaced by dialkyl ether sulfates (Na salts) according to formula I in the experiments according to the invention. In all compounds, R² and R⁴ = H and M = Na. The other symbols had the meaning given in Table 2, the numbers denoting the number of carbon atoms in R 1 and R 3 or the EO groups (n). Table 2 Surfactant R¹ (C number) R³ (C number) n T1 10th 1 2nd T2 10th 1 4th T3 10th 1 11 T4 12 1 2nd T5 12 1 4th T6 12 1 11 T7 14 1 2nd T8 14 1 4th T9 14 1 6 T10 10th 8th 4th T11 10th 4th 2nd T12 12 4th 2nd T13 14 8th 4th T14 14 4th 5 T15 12 8th 4th

• A1 Pigment/Hautfettanschmutzung auf Baumwolle und veredelter Baumwolle,
• A2 Mineralölanschmutzung auf Mischgewebe aus Polyesterfäser und veredelter Baumwolle,
• A3 Make up auf Mischgewebe gemäß A2.

The agents were used in the launderometer (abbreviation LM) as well as in a household machine (abbreviation WM) with a horizontally arranged front-loading drum, in which case an automatic soaking process (without prewash) was programmed. The water hardness was 16 ° d (corresponding to 160 mg CaO per liter). The washing temperature and the detergent concentration (in g / l) are listed in the table. Soiled cloth rags were used under standardized conditions, which were washed using a washing machine together with 3 kg of clean laundry. The following test stains were used:

• A1 pigment / skin fat contamination on cotton and finished cotton,
• A2 mineral oil contamination on mixed fabrics made of polyester fiber and finished cotton,
• A3 make-up on blended fabrics according to A2.

The percentage remission (abbreviation% R) was determined photometrically. The values given in the following tables are mean values from 3 determinations within a range of 2%. A remission difference of 2% is still clearly visible to the naked eye and therefore corresponds to an effect perceptible by the consumer.

The results show that the washing power of the dialkyl ether sulfates is of the order of magnitude of commercial dodecylbenzenesulfonate and even exceeds it in some cases.

In the test for biodegradability, the standard tests indicated in% MBAS (methylene blue active substance) and% BiAS (bismuth active substance) in the OECD screening test showed values for primary degradation between 92 and 99%. The fish toxicity (in milligrams of active substance per liter) gave values for LC _o of 2 mg / l to 22 mg / l and 118 mg / l with mean values of LC _o = 7.5 g / l and LC₁₀₀ = 22 g / l. The comparative values for dodecylbenzenesulfonate are approx. 3 to 5 times lower and therefore correspondingly less favorable. Compared to conventional nonionics, fish toxicity is 6 times to 8 times lower. The bacterial toxicity of all samples that were tested against B. Robra after the oxygen depletion test was over 10,000 mg AS / l (active substance per liter) and can therefore be classified as very low. Table 3 attempt dirt medium ° C g / l machine Surfactant % R 1 A1 III 60 7.4 World Cup T1 44.7 2nd T2 43.0 3rd T3 43.2 4th T4 46.8 5 T5 45.5 6 T6 46.0 7 T7 45.0 8th T8 45.5 9 T9 46.2 V READ 43.5 10th A3 I. 60 7.4 World Cup T10 46.0 V READ 45.5 11 A2 I. 60 7.4 World Cup T10 62.8 12 T11 61.0 13 T12 61.2 14 T13 62.0 V READ 59.7 15 A2 II 60 9.2 LM T1 49.5 16 T2 49.0 17th T4 49.2 18th T10 49.3 19th T11 49.8 20th T14 48.5 V READ 48.7 21st A3 III 40 3.2 LM T10 32.0 22 T11 32.5 23 T15 32.6 V READ 33.5 24th A3 II 60 6.6 LM T10 46.0 V READ 45.5

Claims (8)

1. Detergent and cleaning agent containing solid or liquid form
a) 1 to 50% by weight of at least one anionic or cationic surfactant,
b) 1 to 90% by weight of at least one compound from the class of the builder salts and sequestering agents and
c) difference of up to 100% by weight of other usual detergent and cleaning agent components,
characterized in that component (a) consists wholly or partly of a secondary dialkyl ether sulfate of the general formula I:

in which the symbols have the following meaning: M = Na, K, Mg, ammonium or an organic ammonium cation, R¹ = linear C₁₋₁₆ alkyl radical, R² = hydrogen or linear C₁₋₁₆ alkyl radical, R³ = linear or branched C₁₋₂₂-alkyl radical with the proviso that the sum of the C atoms in (R₁ + R₂) = 1 to 18 and in (R₁ + R₂ + R₃) = 8 to 22, R⁴ = hydrogen or CH₃ and n = numbers from 0 to 15. 2. Composition according to claim 1, characterized in that in the compounds of formula I the symbols have the following meaning have: R² = H, R³ = C₁₋₁₂-alkyl, R⁴ = H, M = Na or triethanolamine and n = 1 to 10. 3. Composition according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that less than 50 wt .-%, preferably 0% of component (a) is accounted for by alkylbenzenesulfonates. 4. Agent according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the agents contain 1 to 25 wt .-% of dialkyl ether sulfates of the formula I. 5. Composition according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that they contain additional anionic surfactants from the class of soaps, alpha-sulfofatty acid ester salts and alpha-sulfofatty acid disalts in proportions of up to 25% by weight. 6. Composition according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that they contain nonionic surfactants, in particular ethoxylates of fatty alcohols and / or oxo alcohols having 12 to 18 carbon atoms and 2 to 15 ethylene oxide groups in amounts of 1 to 20% by weight. % contain. 7. Composition according to one or more of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that they contain less than 20 wt .-% of phosphates, based on pentasodium triphosphate. 8. Composition according to one or more of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that they contain fine crystalline zeolites in proportions of 10 to 30 wt .-%, based on anhydrous substance.