EP0362199B2 - Appareil de production de beton asphaltique - Google Patents

Appareil de production de beton asphaltique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0362199B2
EP0362199B2 EP87906317A EP87906317A EP0362199B2 EP 0362199 B2 EP0362199 B2 EP 0362199B2 EP 87906317 A EP87906317 A EP 87906317A EP 87906317 A EP87906317 A EP 87906317A EP 0362199 B2 EP0362199 B2 EP 0362199B2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chamber
mixing
drum
advancing
asphaltic concrete
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP87906317A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0362199B1 (fr
EP0362199A1 (fr
Inventor
Antonio Cipriani
Marino Torsello
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Marini SpA
Original Assignee
Marini SpA
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Priority claimed from IT8703437A external-priority patent/IT1207666B/it
Priority claimed from IT8783384A external-priority patent/IT1214190B/it
Priority claimed from IT6040187U external-priority patent/IT218565Z2/it
Priority claimed from IT6042887U external-priority patent/IT213525Z2/it
Application filed by Marini SpA filed Critical Marini SpA
Publication of EP0362199A1 publication Critical patent/EP0362199A1/fr
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C19/00—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving
    • E01C19/02—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving for preparing the materials
    • E01C19/10—Apparatus or plants for premixing or precoating aggregate or fillers with non-hydraulic binders, e.g. with bitumen, with resins, i.e. producing mixtures or coating aggregates otherwise than by penetrating or surface dressing; Apparatus for premixing non-hydraulic mixtures prior to placing or for reconditioning salvaged non-hydraulic compositions
    • E01C19/1013—Plant characterised by the mode of operation or the construction of the mixing apparatus; Mixing apparatus
    • E01C19/1027—Mixing in a rotary receptacle
    • E01C19/1031—Mixing in a rotary receptacle the mixture being discharged continuously
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C19/00—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving
    • E01C19/02—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving for preparing the materials
    • E01C19/10—Apparatus or plants for premixing or precoating aggregate or fillers with non-hydraulic binders, e.g. with bitumen, with resins, i.e. producing mixtures or coating aggregates otherwise than by penetrating or surface dressing; Apparatus for premixing non-hydraulic mixtures prior to placing or for reconditioning salvaged non-hydraulic compositions
    • E01C19/1013—Plant characterised by the mode of operation or the construction of the mixing apparatus; Mixing apparatus
    • E01C19/1027—Mixing in a rotary receptacle
    • E01C19/1036—Mixing in a rotary receptacle for in-plant recycling or for reprocessing, e.g. adapted to receive and reprocess an addition of salvaged material, adapted to reheat and remix cooled-down batches
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C19/00—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving
    • E01C19/02—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving for preparing the materials
    • E01C19/10—Apparatus or plants for premixing or precoating aggregate or fillers with non-hydraulic binders, e.g. with bitumen, with resins, i.e. producing mixtures or coating aggregates otherwise than by penetrating or surface dressing; Apparatus for premixing non-hydraulic mixtures prior to placing or for reconditioning salvaged non-hydraulic compositions
    • E01C2019/1081—Details not otherwise provided for
    • E01C2019/109—Mixing containers having a counter flow drum, i.e. the flow of material is opposite to the gas flow

Definitions

  • the subject of the present invention is an apparatus for drying and mixing inert material and/or recyclable asphaltic product (R.A.P.), with bituminous and non bituminous materials in an elongated rotatable drum means, in which inert material composition is introduced at a first end and recovered at the opposite second end, and having a burner nozzle or the combustion chamber or its closed extension, extending into the drum and directing the hot gases countercurrent to the advancing materials into the drum means.
  • R.A.P. inert material and/or recyclable asphaltic product
  • the invention has a convenient although not exclusive application for the production of asphaltic concrete as a ready bituminous mix, in particular for road paving.
  • gravel not impregnated with bituminous substances is charged upstream (at the first end of the drum) and where the mouth of a burner is arranged downstream immediately inside the drum, the flame of which is directed axially in countercurrent in respect to the said inert material advancing from upstream drum end, and where recyclable asphaltic product (R.A.P.) is charged in a position immediately upstream in respect to said burner head or nozzle so that a new dried mix of reutilisable inert product is discharged downstream.
  • R.A.P. recyclable asphaltic product
  • the product can be discharged dried (without further addition of bituminous asphalt substances and other filler impregnating binders) to be then utilized at the desired moment, after a successive impregnation with impregnating bituminous substances and fillers, by a second mixing drum apparatus allowing to addition the "binders" to the respective inert dried product so as to obtain the ready-mixed bituminous mix of asphaltic concrete ready to be utilized.
  • US-A-2421345 discloses a single drum mixer, but for virgin material only, wherein the burner is placed downstream, outside (not inside) the cylinder.
  • This plant discloses in fact an asphaltic concrete apparatus for the production of ready-mix asphaltic concrete, using a rotatable mixing drum having a flow of combustion gas in countercurrent by a downstream placed burner, delivering the combustion gases inside the respective rotatable mixing-drum.
  • This solution does not solve the excessive length of the apparatus needing separate premixing of R.A.P. with virgin material and further create problems of excessive evaporation of the bituminous binding material (pollution), associated of firing danger because the mixed material is obliged to across the combustion chamber (36).
  • the combustion chamber shield (36) is not sufficient to avoid combustion of the gases evaporated from the bituminous binder delivered from the pipe (33).
  • this solution does not solve the main scope of this invention to allow also working with Recyclable Asphaltic Material (R.A.M.) or Recyclable Asphaltic Product (R.A.P.) with a single machine and in the desired proportions.
  • US-A-4427376 ETNYRE regards an apparatus for heating aggregate, recycled asphalt and the like, in which two machines are utilized: - a first drier drum (15) with a first one hopper (45) for particulate material (virgin or R.A.P.-R.A.M. or premixed 11) at one of its extremities wherein the first binding material is added (66) and a second hoper at the other extremity (70) for adding further binding material (e.g.filler) over the combustion chamber,
  • the plant needs a previous further step to premix in desired proportions (the respective R.A.M.-R.A.P. with virgin material), by a premixer plant in order to reconstitute the granulometry of the particulate material to be utilized,
  • the flame is delivered where the binding material is delivered (Eg. US-A-2421345) or before (US-A-4427376).
  • the problem to be solved becomes more complex if after mixing and drying inert virgin material with R.A.P. it is intended to impregnate and mix the dried material with the bituminous/filler binder substances which, on the other hand, needs to treat a nearly constant flow of material even if the ratio of inert virgin material/R.A.P. varies, the other conditions naturally remaining unvaried.
  • the scope of this invention is to eliminate said inconveniences and solve the respective problem which they raise.
  • Main scope being to allow the plant, in a single rotating drum complex, to burn the evaporated hot gases to prevent blue gas emission (pollution) and to avoid firing of the added binding material.
  • Further scope being to allow exact and continuous proportioning of the Virgin material with R.A.P.-R.A.M. and binders.
  • this invention solves the problem by using an asphaltic concrete apparatus for the production of ready-mix asphaltic concrete, using rotatable mixing drum means having a flow of combustion gas in countercurrent by a downstream placed burner means means for advancing, drying, impregnating and mixing the material, with bituminous and filler substances (binders); of the type comprising the division of the rotatable mixing drum means into a first chamber (R-V) for supplying, advancing and drying the inert virgin material and optionally mixing it with the recyclable asphaltic product (R.A.P.) and into a second chamber (W) for further advancing, impregnating and mixing the dried material with bituminous and filler substances (binders), characterized by the fact that:
  • the rotatable drum apparatus is divided in two coaxial portions "R"+"S", by an intermediate anular R.A.P. charging hopper, the second portion being divided in two sections "V"+"W" ("V" being the said intermediate chamber in said first chamber "R"), the second section " W " being said impregnating and mixing second chamber, wherein:
  • the rotatable drum means is divided in two rotatable drum parts although realizing the axial continuity of the chamber for the progress and mixing of the materials, the first part comprising a first portion "R” which substantially interests the drying of the virgin material and the second part comprising a second portion "S" divided in two sections "V"+”W", being:
  • the burner is elongated axially inside and across the second section "W", the respective combustion happening or being extended in the first section intermediate chamber "V".
  • the apparatuses comprises less preferably a single rotatable drum (1) more preferably a pair of rotatable drums (1,1') rotated by crown pinion means (109/110,17,17') supported on roller means (106/104-107/105,18,18') with an inlet mouth for inert virgin material hopper supply, placed upstream at the first end of the rotatable drum means (113,2) which pours the inert virgin material into a feeding area having helicoidal feeding blades (114,3) and then allow the same material to flue into a drying area having lifting finnings in the form of cups for a continuous fall of material (115,4) which constitute the first portion "R".
  • finning-cups 115a, 6,7 being provided downstream in a further portion "S", in order to allow the advancing material to be lifted and advanced; said finning-cups being of the type which prevent the formation of a veil of inert particles from falling through the hot gases of combustion as the drum is rotated, to obtain an undisturbed combustion, leaving a free central axial space which has a more ample diameter in respect to the first portion "R", realizing a first section "V” where R.A.P. can be added (19).
  • the first portion "R” and said intermediate chamber “V” realize said first chamber in the rotatable drum means where the inert material will be dried and optionally mixed with R.A.P.
  • R.A.P. (12) The possibility of inserting the material to be recycled R.A.P. (12) can be realized at the end of the first portion "R" (115a,19) by an intermediate annular stationary introducing hopper (126) extending anularly in an external ring form (127,5), by means of helicoidal introducing channels realized by external finnings fixed to the rotating drum, closed externally by a fixed openable cylindrical carter (129) in order to convey the respective R.A.P. inside the rotatable drum across a plurality of circumferential openings (130) realized in the first rotatable drum (1).
  • a second coaxial independent rotatable drum (1') with independent rotating means (17'), covering a second section "S" can be realized (Fig.1C).
  • This section includes said intermediate chamber “V” and said second chamber “W”.
  • a second section (second chamber) "W” is provided in order to impregnate and mix the dried product coming from the previous section "V” with binding bituminous and filler substances by means of a suitable lower delivery nozzle means (123-124, 13) is arranged behind the burner's flame delivery mouth of the respective burner means (117-116-119,14, 14-15-16) so as to avoid danger of combustion.
  • the bound asphaltic concrete will be discharged downstream at the second end of the rotatable drum means, through a ring head (125,11) with the discharge outlet of the ready-mix composition, positioned downwards (8), whereas the combustion gases will be discharged upstream at the first end of the rotatable drum means by a flue (111-112, 9-10).
  • the respective finning means Downstream of the advanced burner head (14) and in any case, behind the respective flame, the respective finning means will conveniently be radial (7) so as to obtain the final mixing of the various materials without collision with the respective burner duct means (116-119,14,16).
  • the two chambers "R+V” and “W”, are divided by a diaphragm (118) with adjustable door openings (120) allowing the material to pass with adjustable rate from the first one to the second one by the falling-rolling advancing movement by cooperating upstream helicoidal feeders (121).
  • both the said first portion “R” and the said first section “V” of the said first chamber present finning means (115,115a,4-6) which are substantially bent with a progressive tendency to parallelism with the inside cylindrical surface of the chamber (4,6), those of the said downstream first section "V” being more closed than those of the first portion "R".
  • finning means 115,115a,4-6

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Road Paving Machines (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
  • On-Site Construction Work That Accompanies The Preparation And Application Of Concrete (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Clay, And Manufacture Of Mixtures Containing Clay Or Cement (AREA)

Abstract

Appareil permettant la production de béton asphaltique, utilisant un tambour de mélange rotatif (1, 1') ayant un courant de gaz de combustion à contre-courant provenant d'un brûleur en aval, produisant les gaz de combustion dans le tambour de mélange rotatif respectif (1, 1'), le tambour de mélange rotatif étant divisé en deux chambres: la première ''R-V'' destinée à alimenter, avancer et sécher le matériau vierge inerte (2) avec le cas échéant le produit asphaltique recyclable (R.A.P. 12); la seconde destinée à faire avancer plus loin, à imprégner et mélanger le matériau séché provenant de la première chambre avec des substances bitumineuses et de remplissage (des agents liants) ''W''; la flame respective dudit brûleur (116-119-117, 16-15-14) étant dirigée axialement dans la première, ''R-V''.

Claims (9)

  1. Appareil de béton asphaltique pour la production d'un mélange prêt à l'emploi de béton asphaltique, utilisant un tambour mélangeur rotatif ayant un flux de gaz combustible en contre-courant et un brûleur placé en aval et servant à faire avancer, assécher, imprégner et mélanger le matériau avec des matières bitumineuses épaississantes (agglomérants) (123-124-13); du type comportant la séparation du tambour mélangeur rotatif dans une première chambre (R-V) pour la provision, l'acheminement et le séchage du matériau vierge inerte, et pour le mélanger, de manière optionnelle, au produit asphaltique recyclable (R.A.P.), et dans une seconde chambre (W) servant à une phase ultérieure de progression, imprégnation et mélange du matériau séché à des matières bitumineuses épaississantes (agglomérants),
    caractérisé par le fait que:
    - dans le cas où des moyens sont pourvus pour introduire le R.A.P. dans l'appareil, ces moyens sont placés en une position en face du bec du brûleur;
    - le bec respectif (116-16) du dit brûleur (117-14) est placé à l'intérieur de la dite première chambre (R-V), qui ouvre sur une chambre intermédiaire (V), située entre une première portion (R) de la dite première chambre (R-V) et de la dite seconde chambre (W), la dite seconde chambre (W) étant une chambre de mélange, et la dite chambre intermédiaire (V) comprenant:
    - un diaphragme (118-120) permettant à la flamme de passer de manière axiale et au matériau d'être transféré dans la dite seconde chambre (W), par un avancement chute-roulement en coopération avec des canaux d'alimentation hélicoïdaux (121).
    - le respectif matériau agglomérant (13) est délivré par la dite seconde chambre (W) située derrière le dit bec (116-16).
  2. Appareil de béton asphaltique selon la revendication 1., caractérisé par le fait que le dit diaphragme (118) possède un mécanisme d'ouverture réglable (120) de façon à permettre au matériau séché et réduit en particules de passer de la chambre intermédiaire (V) à la seconde chambre (W):
    - par mouvement d'avancement chute-roulement et
    - à une vitesse réglable.
  3. Appareil de béton asphaltique selon la revendication 1., caractérisé par le fait que le dit système de canaux d'alimentation de la dite chambre intermédiaire (V) comporte, en mode joint ou alternatif, pour acheminer le matériau séché et réduit en particules:
    - des canaux d'alimentation (121) hélicoïdaux et
    - des godets élévateurs transversaux (6);
  4. Appareil de béton asphaltique selon la revendication 1., caractérisé par le fait que le système de tambour rotatif (1) est divisé en deux portions coaxiales (R+S) par un sauteur intermédiaire de chargement annulaire R.A.P. (126-127-128-129-130, 5, 19), la seconde portion (S) étant divisée en deux sections (V+W) la première section (V) étant la dite chambre intermédiaire (V) de la revendication 1. et la seconde section étant dite seconde chambre d'imprégnation et de mélange (W) de la revendication 1., où:
    - la première portion (R) est munie de systèmes en arête (114-115,3-4) placés à la première extrémité (113,2) du système du tambour rotatif (1), et servant à soulever, faire avancer et mélanger le matériau vierge inerte à l'intérieur et
    - la première section (V) de la seconde portion (S) est munie de systèmes en arête (115a, 6) pour soulever, acheminer et mélanger le matériau vierge inerte à l'intérieur fourni par la première portion (R) au produit asphalteux recyclable (R.A.P. 12) fourni par le dit sauteur de chargement intermédiaire annulaire (126-127-128-129-130, 5, 19).
  5. Appareil de béton asphaltique selon la revendication 1., caractérisé par le fait que le système de tambour rotatif est divisé en deux parties coaxiales rotatives à tambour (1,1') bien qu'il forme la continuité de la chambre pour l'acheminement et le mélange des matériaux, la première partie (1) comprenant une première portion (R) où a lieu l'essentiel du séchage du matériau vierge et la seconde partie (1') comprenant une seconde portion (S) divisée en deux sections (V+W), étant:
    - la première section (V) où est introduit le R.A.P. (12), afin de le chauffer et de le mélanger au matériau vierge inerte (113,2) et
    - une seconde section (V) pour l'imprégnation et le mélange des matériaux préalablement séchés dans la première section (V), avec des substances agglomérantes par ex. bitumineuses et des matériaux épaississants (123-124,13),
    - chaque tambour (1,1') étant équipé de systèmes de rotation (17,17') permettant différentes vitesses.
  6. Appareil de béton asphaltique selon la revendication 1., caractérisé par le fait que la dite première chambre (R) comprend:
    - un premier jeu de lames d'alimentation hélicoïdales (114,3) disposées à une extrémité du tambour (1) et servant à acheminer le matériau vierge réduit en particules (2);
    - un second jeu de systèmes de soulèvement et d'acheminement en arête, sous forme de godets semi-ouverts (115,4) permettant un acheminement continu du matériel réduit en particules.
  7. Appareil de béton asphaltique selon la revendication 1., caractérisé par le fait que en aval du bec du brûleur (14), derrière la flamme respective, dans la dite seconde chambre (W), les systèmes respectifs d'acheminement et de mélange du matériau sont radiaux (7).
  8. Appareil de béton asphaltique selon la revendication 1., caractérisé par le fait que la paroi interne cylindrique de la dite première chambre (R+V) comprend des systèmes de soulèvement en arête (115-115a,4-6) s'incurvant sensiblement et tendant à devenir progressivement parallèles à la surface cylindrique interne de la chambre rotative.
  9. Appareil de béton asphaltique selon la revendication 1., caractérisé par le fait que la paroi interne cylindrique de la dite première chambre (R+V) comprend des systèmes de soulèvement en arête (115-115a,4-6) s'incurvant sensiblement et tendant à devenir progressivement parallèles à la surface cylindrique interne de la chambre rotative, les dits systèmes de soulèvement en arête (115-115a,4-6) étant divisés en deux portions, la portion en aval (115a,6) étant plus proche de la surface cylindrique intérieure que la portion en amont (115,4).
EP87906317A 1987-04-16 1987-09-12 Appareil de production de beton asphaltique Expired - Lifetime EP0362199B2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT8703437A IT1207666B (it) 1987-04-16 1987-04-16 Cilindro essicatore-mescolatore rotante per la produzione di conglomerati bituminosi
IT343787 1987-04-16
IT8783384A IT1214190B (it) 1987-06-09 1987-06-09 Di materiali di recupero. impianto di essiccazione e mescolazione di materiali bituminosi e non, con riciclaggio
IT8338487 1987-06-09
IT6040187U IT218565Z2 (it) 1987-07-03 1987-07-03 Impianto di essicazione e mescolazione di materiali bituminosi e non, con passaggio dei gas in controcorrente.
IT6040187 1987-07-03
IT6042887 1987-09-03
IT6042887U IT213525Z2 (it) 1987-09-03 1987-09-03 Impianto di essiccazione e mescolazione di materiali bituminosi e non con passaggio dei gas in controcorrente in grado di operare anche per riciclaggio.
PCT/IT1987/000081 WO1988008052A1 (fr) 1987-04-16 1987-09-12 Appareil de production de beton asphaltique

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0362199A1 EP0362199A1 (fr) 1990-04-11
EP0362199B1 EP0362199B1 (fr) 1992-04-01
EP0362199B2 true EP0362199B2 (fr) 1995-03-08

Family

ID=27452670

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87906317A Expired - Lifetime EP0362199B2 (fr) 1987-04-16 1987-09-12 Appareil de production de beton asphaltique

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0362199B2 (fr)
AU (1) AU8032187A (fr)
DE (1) DE3778035D1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2010257A6 (fr)
WO (1) WO1988008052A1 (fr)

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FR2632670A1 (fr) * 1988-06-13 1989-12-15 Ermont Cm Dispositif de preparation de produits enrobes bitumineux a malaxeur fixe
JPH01315502A (ja) * 1988-06-14 1989-12-20 Nikko Co Ltd アスファルトプラントのドライヤ
FR2645556B1 (fr) * 1989-04-05 1991-07-19 Ermont Cm Tambour secheur et enrobeur pour la preparation de produits enrobes bitumineux comportant un bruleur perfectionne
FR2646728A1 (fr) * 1989-05-05 1990-11-09 Ermont Cm Dispositif de regulation du debit de recyclage de matieres pulverulentes dans une installation telle qu'un poste d'enrobage
CN102252515B (zh) * 2011-04-29 2013-07-10 兰州兰石成套设备有限责任公司 兰炭烘干机的扬料装置
WO2016078755A1 (fr) * 2014-11-18 2016-05-26 Marini S.P.A. Séchoir pour une installation de production et de distribution de conglomérats bitumineux
ITUB20156088A1 (it) * 2015-12-02 2017-06-02 Marco Chignola Dispositivo per l'essiccazione e il surriscaldamento di materiale inerte
ITUB20156836A1 (it) 2015-12-11 2017-06-11 Marini Spa Tamburo per essiccatore e metodo di costruzione di tamburo per essiccatore per conglomerati
CN105951561B (zh) * 2016-06-30 2019-04-02 湖南三一路面机械有限公司 回收沥青加热装置
IT201600124444A1 (it) 2016-12-07 2018-06-07 Marini Spa Impianto di produzione e distribuzione di conglomerati bituminosi

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US4427376A (en) * 1982-07-16 1984-01-24 Wylie Manufacturing Company Apparatus for heating aggregate, recycled asphalt and the like
CA1231707A (fr) * 1982-12-02 1988-01-19 Wilhelm P.H. Voors Installation et methode de recyclage a chaud des revetements routiers bitumineux pour chauffage des granulats d'apport
DE3423521A1 (de) * 1984-06-26 1986-01-02 ATS Asphalttechnik und Straßenbaugeräte GmbH & Co KG, 6236 Eschborn Verfahren zur aufbereitung und herstellung von asphaltmischgut unter wiederverwendung alten asphaltmaterials sowie eine vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0362199B1 (fr) 1992-04-01
WO1988008052A1 (fr) 1988-10-20
AU8032187A (en) 1988-11-04
ES2010257A6 (es) 1989-11-01
EP0362199A1 (fr) 1990-04-11
DE3778035D1 (en) 1992-05-07

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