EP0360938B1 - Bürsten und synthetische Borsten - Google Patents

Bürsten und synthetische Borsten Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0360938B1
EP0360938B1 EP88309092A EP88309092A EP0360938B1 EP 0360938 B1 EP0360938 B1 EP 0360938B1 EP 88309092 A EP88309092 A EP 88309092A EP 88309092 A EP88309092 A EP 88309092A EP 0360938 B1 EP0360938 B1 EP 0360938B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bristle
synthetic
bristles
brush
throughout
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88309092A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0360938A1 (de
Inventor
Fredrick Brandt Burns
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Newell Operating Co
Original Assignee
Newell Operating Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Newell Operating Co filed Critical Newell Operating Co
Priority to EP88309092A priority Critical patent/EP0360938B1/de
Priority to DE3853534T priority patent/DE3853534T2/de
Priority to ES88309092T priority patent/ES2072863T3/es
Priority to AT88309092T priority patent/ATE120622T1/de
Publication of EP0360938A1 publication Critical patent/EP0360938A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0360938B1 publication Critical patent/EP0360938B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A46—BRUSHWARE
    • A46D—MANUFACTURE OF BRUSHES
    • A46D1/00—Bristles; Selection of materials for bristles

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an improvement in brushes, an improvement in synthetic bristles used in brushes, and methodology for producing such improved synthetic bristles.
  • One aim of this invention is to provide synthetic bristles which have not only the aforementioned benefits of such synthetics, but also many of the attributes of natural bristles never before available in synthetic versions.
  • a second aim of this invention is to provide a synthetic bristle superior to conventional synthetics in terms of polymeric material utilization efficiency.
  • a third aim is to provide a synthetic bristle which is opaque, or nearly opaque, to light without requiring pigmentation or by using significantly less pigmentation than conventional synthetics.
  • Natural bristle materials result from organic growth processes wherein elongated cellular formations build upon one another to form essentially rod-like structures of sufficient resilience and integrity to serve the functional needs required in brushes for painting, powdering, scrubbing, sweeping and the like. It is the cellular wall formation that provides structural character to these natural bristles along with the complex chemical makeup of the specific bristle.
  • Some natural bristles are essentially tapered in that one end (the butt end) of the bristle is larger than the other (tip end). Still others are not tapered or have very little of this tendency.
  • Natural bristles are always irregular in shape along their length, and have scale-like outer surfaces. Some of these are naturally split at the end, forming tiny fingers which are useful in brush performance.
  • Synthetic bristles are available in tapered or untapered form, and in cross-sectional profiles of solid round, hollow round, ribbed, S-shaped and other shapes dependent on extrusion technology. All synthetics to date require physical splitting of the ends (flagging) where this is deemed desirable in brushes.
  • the result of this improvement is to provide synthetic bristles which combine the appearance and physical properties associated with natural bristles with chemical and physical properties associated with the polymeric materials used in their composition.
  • these improved synthetic bristles by virtue of their cellular structure, are less dense than other synthetics made from the same polymers.
  • such bristles may possess only 70 to 75% of the weight of, (though not limited to this range), synthetics made in the same cross-sectional profile from the same base polymer. This benefit provides more efficient utilization of the base polymer and desirably lighter weight bristles.
  • These improved synthetic bristles are more easily split or flagged than synthetics of the same cross-sectional profile.
  • US-A-4 010 308 describes a two- or three-material coated fibre in which the backbone comprises a glass fibre to which a coating is applied; and Example XII thereof describes the use of this coated fibre in a brush.
  • this is an expensive way of producing a brush bristle, and the incorporation of carbon black in the bristle makes it unsuitable for the application of, say, white paint.
  • a brush as a device, composed of a multiplicity of bristles attached to a handle and designed primarily for painting, powdering, scrubbing, sweeping and the like. While any brush may perform all of these tasks outlined to some degree, use experience and refinement have led to more specific brush designs for each of these applications.
  • the shapes of the handles are generally different and may be expressly designed for these different functions of painting, powdering, sweeping and scrubbing, as well as refined within each function, especially as related to the specific task.
  • scrubbing brush handles usually take different forms from painting brush handles, but tooth scrubbing brushes usually also are different in design from floor scrubbing brushes, and brushes designed for sash painting normally have different shaped handles from wall painting brushes.
  • Bristles used in brushes also are selected or designed for the particular application of the brush.
  • bristles in general, we define bristles as being relatively coarse hairs, filaments and fibres which possess sufficient resilience and integrity to provide the function required of a brush.
  • scrubbing requires the most resilient bristles and painting the least resilient with artists brushes being the softest. Sweeping usually requires an intermediate resilience. Resilience is a function of the bristle's cross-sectional area relative to its length as well as the flexural properties of the bristle material substance.
  • paint brushes As explained below: Two paint brushes were constructed, using a standard formulation in one case, and an experimental formulation in the other. The difference was substitution in the experimental brush of 40% by weight of our improved cellular synthetic bristle for a like amount of a commercial synthetic bristle. Both synthetics were of tapered form; of polyester material; and of the same physical size. The two brushes were determined to have the same flexural stiffness when compared in a special device designed for that purpose.
  • Synthetic bristles are conventionally produced by first melting an appropriate resin, thermoplastic polymer, co-polymer, alloy or mixture, in combination with certain additives to add opacity, color, and to minimize thermal degradation. Such materials are often pre-compounded in major constituents such as pelletized special grade resins, and pelletized colorants and additives. Standard practice is to melt the resin and additive mixture to a temperature appropriate to the resin grade for hot melt extrusion through a group of small diameter orifices in a head. A group of small diameter filaments emerge from the extrusion head and are carried forward through take up rolls, water baths (or other liquids) and controlled temperature zones, see Figure 1.
  • this take-up system is to orient the essentially random molecular structure into an essentially axially aligned structure within each filament.
  • This process which elongates the filaments and reduces their diameters, is sometimes called drawing, and provides linear integrity to the filaments.
  • These filaments are later cut to length.
  • the filament to length ratio is such that the resulting cut section has suitable resilience properties for use in a brush as a substitute for natural bristle as previously described, it is a synthetic bristle.
  • a variety of bristle cross-sectional shapes are commercially produced. For example, X-shapes, triangular, round, and even hollow shapes are formed as taught by others.
  • sections may be cut so that tapered synthetic bristles are produced having a thick end and a thin end, and simulating in this respect naturally tapered bristle grown by hogs or swine.
  • the invention comprises including, in the extrusion melt or process, certain other additives; sometimes called foaming or blowing agents, including nucleating materials, which are designed to create tiny gaseous bubbles at random within the extruding filaments.
  • foaming or blowing agents including nucleating materials, which are designed to create tiny gaseous bubbles at random within the extruding filaments.
  • tiny elongated cells are formed within the filament structure (see Figure 3).
  • the bubbles or bubble craters occurring near the filament surface(s) cause indentations and roughness at the filament surface which is scale-like in character, and which can be controlled in the extrusion portion of the process.
  • the random occurrence and random size of the bubbles within the filaments form a somewhat irregular shape as opposed to the true, uniform shape resulting from conventional technology.

Landscapes

  • Brushes (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Synthetische Borste zur Verwendung in Bürsten, wobei die Borste durchgehend über ihre Länge aus einem geschmolzenen synthetischen Material besteht, das aus der im wesentlichen aus synthetischen Polymeren, Copolymeren oder Legierungen bestehenden Gruppe gewählt wurde, wobei eine Vielzahl von Zellen, die sich aus der Wirkung von Gasbläschen eines, dem geschmolzenen synthetischen Material zugegebenen Treibmittels ergeben, über die Gesamtquerschnittsfläche der Borste und über ihre Länge verteilt sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
    (a) die Borste eine im wesentlichen gleichmäßige Querschnittsform über ihre Länge aufweist, und
    (b) das Äußere der Borste eine schuppenförmige Oberfläche aufweist, die sich aus zufällig örtlich verteilten Kratern, welche gebildet werden, wenn ein Gasbläschen an der Außenfläche platzt, und zufällig örtlich verteilten Spitzen ergibt, die durch die Wirkung von Gasbläschen geformt werden, die nahe der Außenfläche befindlich sind, jedoch nicht platzen.
  2. Synthetische Borste nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das synthetische Material der Borste aus der im wesentlichen aus (a) Polyester, (b) Nylon und (c) Polyolefin bestehenden Gruppe gewählt wird.
  3. Synthetische Borste nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß alle Zellen innerhalb der Borste in einer Richtung allgemein parallel zur Längsachse der Borste orientiert sind.
  4. Synthetische Borste nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Borste einen im wesentlichen kreisförmigen Querschnitt aufweist.
  5. Bürste, bestehend aus einer Vielzahl von Borsten, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zumindest ein Teil der Borsten synthetische Borsten nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4 sind.
  6. Bürste nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mindestens 40 % der Borsten in der Bürste Borsten nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4 sind.
  7. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Bürstenborste, bei welchem ein oder mehrere Materialien, die aus der aus (a) einem synthetisierten Polymer, (b) einem Copolymer, (c) einer Legierung oder (d) einer Mischung synthetischer Polymere bestehenden Gruppe gewählt wurden, geschmolzen werden, und zwar auf eine Temperatur, welche ausreicht, um ein Extrudieren der heißen Schmelze durch Öffnungen kleinen Durchmessers zu gestatten, und bei dem geschmolzenen synthetischen Material (Materialien) ein Treibmittel zugesetzt wird, um gasförmige Bläschen in der Gesamtmasse des Materials in der anschließend extrudierten Form zu erzeugen, um dadurch eine Vielzahl zufällig örtlich verteilter Zellen zu erzeugen, die sich aus der Wirkung des Treibmittels ergeben, und innerhalb und insgesamt in dem synthetischen Material vorliegen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das synthetische Material (Materialien) gezogen wird, um eine Borste zu bilden, welche über ihre Länge eine im wesentlichen gleichmäßige Querschnittsform aufweist, und um die Zellen in Richtung der Achse der Borste über deren Länge zu verlängern, wobei das Treibmittel gleichzeitig eine schuppenartige Außenfläche auf den Borsten erzeugt, die sich aus zufällig örtlich verteilten Kratern, die gebildet werden, wenn die durch das Treibmittel erzeugten Bläschen die Außenfläche des Materials aufreissen, und zufällig örtlich verteilten Spitzen ergibt, welche durch die Wirkung von Gasbläschen gebildet werden, die nahe der Außenfläche liegen, jedoch nicht aufreissen.
  8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Borsten einen im wesentlichen kreisförmigen Querschnitt aufweisen.
EP88309092A 1988-09-30 1988-09-30 Bürsten und synthetische Borsten Expired - Lifetime EP0360938B1 (de)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP88309092A EP0360938B1 (de) 1988-09-30 1988-09-30 Bürsten und synthetische Borsten
DE3853534T DE3853534T2 (de) 1988-09-30 1988-09-30 Bürsten und synthetische Borsten.
ES88309092T ES2072863T3 (es) 1988-09-30 1988-09-30 Mejoras en cepillos y cerdas sinteticas.
AT88309092T ATE120622T1 (de) 1988-09-30 1988-09-30 Bürsten und synthetische borsten.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP88309092A EP0360938B1 (de) 1988-09-30 1988-09-30 Bürsten und synthetische Borsten

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0360938A1 EP0360938A1 (de) 1990-04-04
EP0360938B1 true EP0360938B1 (de) 1995-04-05

Family

ID=8200233

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88309092A Expired - Lifetime EP0360938B1 (de) 1988-09-30 1988-09-30 Bürsten und synthetische Borsten

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0360938B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE120622T1 (de)
DE (1) DE3853534T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2072863T3 (de)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4113008C1 (en) * 1991-04-20 1992-03-05 Matthias Dr. 4320 Hattingen De Kratofiel Sterilising and drying toothbrush - involves irradiating with microwaves, all brush components being resistant to microwaves

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE640194A (de) *
US4010308A (en) * 1953-05-04 1977-03-01 Wiczer Sol B Filled porous coated fiber
FR1508433A (fr) * 1965-08-24 1968-01-05 Synthese France Filament mousse artificiel en polymère ou copolymère du propylène
BE691957A (de) * 1966-12-29 1967-05-29
DD153464A3 (de) * 1979-03-08 1982-01-13 Frieder Kuhnert Synthetische borsten fuer pinsel,buersten und besen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0360938A1 (de) 1990-04-04
DE3853534T2 (de) 1995-10-12
DE3853534D1 (de) 1995-05-11
ES2072863T3 (es) 1995-08-01
ATE120622T1 (de) 1995-04-15

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