EP0357739A1 - Derives chiraux du 1,2-difluorobenzene - Google Patents

Derives chiraux du 1,2-difluorobenzene

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Publication number
EP0357739A1
EP0357739A1 EP89903152A EP89903152A EP0357739A1 EP 0357739 A1 EP0357739 A1 EP 0357739A1 EP 89903152 A EP89903152 A EP 89903152A EP 89903152 A EP89903152 A EP 89903152A EP 0357739 A1 EP0357739 A1 EP 0357739A1
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Prior art keywords
groups
formula
compounds
mol
difluoro
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Volker Reiffenrath
Joachim Krause
Andreas WÄCHTLER
Thomas Geelhaar
Ekkhard Bartmann
Reinhard Hittich
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Merck Patent GmbH
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Merck Patent GmbH
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Publication of EP0357739A1 publication Critical patent/EP0357739A1/fr
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    • C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
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    • C09K19/345—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least one heterocyclic ring having nitrogen as hetero atom the heterocyclic ring being a six-membered aromatic ring containing two nitrogen atoms
    • C09K19/3458—Uncondensed pyrimidines
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    • C09K19/30—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic rings, e.g. cyclohexane rings
    • C09K19/3001—Cyclohexane rings
    • C09K19/3003—Compounds containing at least two rings in which the different rings are directly linked (covalent bond)
    • C09K2019/3027—Compounds comprising 1,4-cyclohexylene and 2,3-difluoro-1,4-phenylene
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    • C09K19/3001—Cyclohexane rings
    • C09K19/3066—Cyclohexane rings in which the rings are linked by a chain containing carbon and oxygen atoms, e.g. esters or ethers
    • C09K19/3068—Cyclohexane rings in which the rings are linked by a chain containing carbon and oxygen atoms, e.g. esters or ethers chain containing -COO- or -OCO- groups
    • C09K2019/3075—Cy-COO-Ph

Definitions

  • the invention relates to chiral derivatives of 1,2-difluorobenzene of the formula I,
  • a 1 and A 2 each independently of one another or 1,4-phenylene which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or two F and / or Cl atoms and / or CH 3 groups and / or CN groups, in which also one or two CH groups can be replaced by N, 1,4-cyclohexylene, in which one or two non-adjacent CHL groups can also be replaced by O atoms and / or S atoms, piperidine-1,4-diyl, 1,4-bicyclo ( 2,2,2) octylene, 1,3,4-thiadiazole-2,5-diyl, naphthalene-2,6-diyl, decahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl- or 1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2 6-diyl Z 1 and Z 2 each -CO-O, -O-CO-, -CH 2 CH 2 -, -OCH 2 -, -CH 2 O-,
  • Q * represents a chirality-inducing organic radical with an asymmetric carbon atom.
  • the compounds of the formula I can be used as components of chiral tilted smectic liquid-crystalline phases.
  • Chiral tapped smectic liquid crystalline phases with ferroelectric Properties can be produced by adding a suitable chiral dopant to basic mixtures with one or more tinted smectic phases (LA Beresnev et al., Mol. Cryst. Lig. Cryst. 89, 327 (1982); HR Brand et al. , J. Physigue 44, (lett.), L-771 (1983)
  • Such phases can be used as dielectrics for fast-switching displays based on the principle of SSFLC technology described by Clark and Lagerwall (NA Clark and ST Lagerwall, Appl. Phys. Lett.
  • the elongate molecules are arranged in layers, the molecules having a tilt angle to the layer normal from layer to layer the tilt direction changes by a small angle with respect to one axis perpendicular to the layers, so that a helical structure is formed.
  • the smectic layers are arranged perpendicular to the plates of the cell. The helical arrangement of the tilt directions of the molecules is suppressed by a very small distance between the plates (approx. 1-2 ⁇ m).
  • TN-LCD's TN-LCD's based on nematic liquid crystals.
  • a major disadvantage for many applications of the currently available materials with chiral-chopped smectic phases is their relatively high optical anisotropy, the switching times which are not sufficiently short due to relatively high viscosity values, and that the dielectric anisotropy values are greater than zero or if negative, has little nonzero values. Negative values of the dielectric anisotropy are required if the required planar orientation is brought about by superimposing the control field with an AC holding field with a small amplitude (J.M. Geary, SID Conference, Orlando / Florida, April / May 1985, Lecture 8.3).
  • the compounds of the formula I are therefore particularly suitable as components of chiral tilted smectic liquid-crystalline phases.
  • chemically particularly stable chiral-chopped smectic liquid-crystalline phases with favorable ferroelectric phase ranges, in particular with wide Sc * phase ranges, negative or also positive dielectric anisotropy, low optical anisotropy, favorable pitch height, low viscosity and for such phases high values for the spontaneous polarization and very short switching times can be produced.
  • P is the spontaneous polarization m nC / cm 2 .
  • the compounds of formula I have a wide range of uses. Depending on the choice of the substituents, these compounds can serve as base materials from which liquid-crystalline phases are predominantly composed; However, it is also possible to add compounds of the formula I to liquid-crystalline base materials from other classes of compounds, for example to improve the dielectric and / or optical anisotropy and / or the spontaneous polarization and / or the phase range and / or the tilt angle and / or the pitch and / or the Switching times of such a phase vary.
  • the compounds of the formula I are also suitable as intermediates for the preparation of other substances which can be used as constituents of liquid-crystalline phases.
  • the compounds of the formula I are colorless in the pure state and have favorable values of optical anisotropy.
  • Some of the compounds of the formula I show liquid-crystalline mesophases in a temperature range which is favorably located for electro-optical use, but it is also possible to use isotropic or monotropically liquid-crystalline compounds of the formula I as components of chiral tilted smectic phases. They are very stable chemically, thermally and against light.
  • the invention thus relates to the compounds of the formula I and to the use of the compounds of the formula I as components of liquid-crystalline phases.
  • the invention also relates to chiral-chopped smectic liquid-crystalline phases containing at least one compound of the formula I having at least one carbon atom linked to four different substituents.
  • the invention further relates to such phases containing at least one compound of the formula I and to liquid-crystal display elements, in particular ferroelectric electro-optical display elements, which contain such phases.
  • Ph in the following means an unsubstituted or substituted by one or two fluorine-1,4-phenylene group, in which one or two CH groups can be replaced by N
  • Cy is a 1,4-cyclohexylene group, in which one or two are not neighboring CH 2 groups can be replaced by O atoms
  • Thi a 1,3,4-thiadiazole-2,5-diyl group
  • Bi a bicyclo (2,2,2) octylene group.
  • PheF 2 is a group of the formula Above and below, Q *, A 1 , A 2 , Z 1 , Z 2 , m and n have the meaning given, unless expressly stated otherwise.
  • the compounds of the formula I include, in particular, compounds of the sub-formulas Ia to Id (with two rings)
  • R 0 is an alkyl group different from X and Q 2 -R 2 , preferably having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
  • R 2 is preferably an alkyl group with 2 to 10, in particular with 2 to 6, carbon atoms.
  • Q 1 and Q 2 are preferably each independently of the other
  • a 1 and A 2 are preferably Cy or Ph.
  • Ph preferably denotes a 1,4-phenylene- (Phe), a pyrimidine-2,5-diyl- (Pyr), a pyridine- 2,5-diyl (Pyn), a pyrazine-3,6-diyl or a pyridazine-2,5-diyl group, particularly preferably Phe, Pyr or Pyn.
  • the compounds according to the invention preferably contain no more than one 1,4-phenylene group in which one or two CH groups have been replaced by N.
  • Cy preferably represents a 1,4-cyclohexylene group.
  • compounds of the formula I in which one of the groups A 2 ,
  • a 3 and A 4 is an m 1- or 4-position-substituted by 1,4-cyclohexylene group and the nitrile group is in the axial position, ie the group A 2 , A 3 or A 4 has the following configuration:
  • the groups are particularly preferred
  • Z 1 and Z 2 are preferably Emfachbm. dungen, m. second line preferably -O-CO-, -CO-O-, -C ⁇ C- or -CH 2 CH 2 - groups. Particularly preferred for Z is -CO-O, -O-CO-, -C ⁇ C- or -CH 2 CH 2 -, in particular the -CH 2 CH 2 - and the -C ⁇ C group.
  • X in the compounds of the formulas above and below is halogen, CN or CH 3 , preferably F, Cl, CH 3 or CN. F and CN are particularly preferred.
  • R ° is a different from X, preferably straight-chain alkyl group with preferably up to 4 carbon atoms. Methyl and ethyl, in particular methyl, is particularly preferred.
  • Q 1 and Q 2 is alkylene with 1 to 2 carbon atoms, -O-, -O-CO-, -CO-O- and a single bond. Further preferred meanings of Q 1 and Q 2 are -CH 2 O- and -O-CH 2 -.
  • Branched groups of this type usually contain no more than two chain branches.
  • R 1 is preferably a straight-chain group or a branched group with no more than one chain branch.
  • the radical R 1 can also be an optically active organic radical with an asymmetric carbon atom.
  • the asymmetrical carbon atom is then preferably linked to two differently substituted carbon atoms, one hydrogen atom and one substituent selected from the group consisting of halogen (in particular F, Cl or Br), alkyl or alkoxy, each having 1 to 5 carbon atoms and CN.
  • the optically active organic radical R 1 or Q * preferably has the formula
  • Q 'alkylene with 1 to 5 C atoms, in which a CH 2 group which is not linked to X' is also replaced by -O-, -CO-, -O-CO-, -CO-O- or -CH CH- can be, or a single bond,
  • Q ' is preferably -CH 2 -, -CH 2 CH 2 -, -CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 - or a single bond, particularly preferably a single bond, -CH 2 - and -CH 2 CH 2 -.
  • Y ' is preferably CH 3 , -CN, F or Cl, particularly preferably CN or F.
  • R 5 is preferably straight-chain or branched alkyl having 1 to 10, in particular having 1 to 7, carbon atoms.
  • Preferred compounds of the formula I ' are those in which X' and Y 'do not simultaneously mean methyl.
  • Preferred compounds of the formula I and Ia to Ii are those in which at least one of the radicals contained therein has one of the preferred meanings indicated.
  • R F * means straight-chain or single-branched (preferably methyl branching) alkyl having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, in which a CH 2 group is formed by is replaced and C * is an asymmetric C atom.
  • R ' is straight chain or single branched (preferably methyl branching)
  • Alkyl is preferably 2 to 10, in particular 3 to 10, carbon atoms.
  • R has one of the meanings for R 1 and is preferably alkyl, oxaalkyl or alkenyl with preferably 3 to 12, in particular with 5 to 12, carbon atoms.
  • the groups R are preferably straight-chain.
  • X is N or CH.
  • r is 0 or 1.
  • Optically active compounds of the formula A are also particularly preferred
  • R is an unsubstituted, an alkyl or alkenyl radical with up to 15 C atoms which is simply substituted by -CN or an at least monosubstituted by fluorine or chlorine, with a CH 2 group in these radicals also being -O-, -CO-, - O-CO-, -CO-O or -O-CO-O- can be replaced,
  • a 1 ' and A 2' are each independently an unsubstituted or substituted by one or two fluorine atoms 1,4-phenylene radical, pyridine-2,5-diyl radical, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl radical, pyrazine
  • 2,5-diyl radical pyridazine-3,6-diyl radical, 1,3,4-thiadiazole-2, 5-diyl radical, 1,2,4-thiadiazole-3,5diyl radical, trans- 1,4-cyclohexylene radical, in which one or two non-adjacent CH 2 groups can also be replaced by -O- and / or -S- and / or a CH group can be replaced by -C (CN) -, 1,4-cyclohexenylene residue, 1,4-bicyclo (2.2.2) octylene residue or a piperidine-1,4-diyl residue,
  • Z 1 ' , Z 2' and Z 3 ' each independently of one another -CO-O-, -O-CO-,
  • r and s are 0 and the other is 0 or 1,
  • the compounds of the formula A can be prepared by methods known per se, for example by or in analogy to the following synthesis schemes:
  • A is a 1,3,4-thiadiazole-2,5-diyl, pyrimidine-2, 5-diyl, pyridine-2,5-diyl or pyrazine-3,6-diyl group.
  • A is preferably 0
  • a particularly preferred smaller group of compounds is that of formula II '
  • the compounds of the formula I are prepared by methods known per se, as described in the literature (for example in the standard works such as Houben-Weyl, Methods of Organic Chemistry, Georg-Thieme-Verlag, Stuttgart), and under reaction conditions, who are known and suitable for the implementations mentioned. Use can also be made of variants which are known per se and are not mentioned here in detail.
  • the starting materials can also be formed in situ in such a way that they are not isolated from the reaction mixture, but instead are immediately converted further into the compounds of the formula I.
  • 1,2-difluorobenzene or 1-substituted 2,3-difluorobenzene is optionally in an inert solvent such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dimethoxyethane, tert-butyl methyl ether or dioxane, hydrocarbons such as hexane, heptane, cyclohexane, benzene or toluene or mixtures of these solvents
  • a complexing agent such as tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) or hexamethylphosphoric triamide with phenyllithium, lithium tetramethylpiperidine, n-, secoder tert-butyllithium at temperatures from -100 ° C to +50 ° C, preferably -78 ° C to 0 ° C. Further details can be found in DOS 38 07 910.
  • the lithium-2,3-difluorophenyl compounds are reacted at -100 ° C. to 0 ° C., preferably at -50 ° C., with the corresponding electrophiles.
  • Suitable electro Philes are aldehydes, ketones, nitriles, epoxides, carboxylic acid derivatives such as esters, anhydrides or halides, halogen formates or carbon dioxide.
  • the lithium 2,3-difluorophenyl compounds are transmetallated and coupled under transition metal catalysis.
  • Zinc cf. DE OS 36 32 410) or titanium-2,3-difluorophenyl compounds (cf. DE OS 37 36 489) are particularly suitable for this.
  • heterocyclic structural elements can be introduced by reacting precursors which already contain these structural elements by the known methods to give the compounds of the formula I.
  • heterocycle radicals can also be produced in appropriately structured precursors or substructure units of the compounds of the formula I by methods known per se.
  • 2,5-disubstituted 1,3,4-thiadiazoles can be obtained by reacting N, N '-diacylhydrazines with conventional thiating reagents such as P 4 S 10 or Lawesson's
  • N, N'-diacylhydrazines in turn can be obtained from the corresponding carboxylic acids by known methods, it being possible to obtain the carboxylic acids with a 2,3-difluoro-1,4-phenylene structural element as described above by reacting corresponding metallized precursors with carbon dioxide.
  • the 2,5-disubstituted pyrimidines can be prepared, for example, by reacting appropriate amidine hydrochlorides (which can be prepared from the corresponding carboxylic acids) with malondialdehyde tetramethyl acetals by methods known per se.
  • the 2,5-disubstituted pyridines are by coupling organometallic zinc compounds gene available with corresponding bromopyridine derivatives according to DE-OS 36 32 410.
  • the 2, 5-disubstituted pyrazines can be obtained by condensing suitably substituted ethylenediamines with glyoxal derivatives, oxidizing the dihydro compounds with atmospheric oxygen or other oxidizing agents and isolating the desired 2,5-disubstituted pyrazines from the resulting mixture of 2,5- and 2,6- Disubstitution products.
  • the 3, 6-disubstituted pyridazines are accessible by reacting 1,4-diketones (prepared, for example, according to Stetter by addition of an aldehyde to an ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated ketone catalyzed by Stetter) and subsequent oxidation of the dihydropyridazine with atmospheric oxygen or other oxidizing agents such as potassium nitrite or chromic acid in glacial acetic acid.
  • 1,4-diketones prepared, for example, according to Stetter by addition of an aldehyde to an ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated ketone catalyzed by Stetter
  • oxidizing agents such as potassium nitrite or chromic acid in glacial acetic acid.
  • a) 5-Alkyl-2- (2,3-difluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl) pyridines can be obtained by reacting 2,3, difluoro-4-benzyloxy-benzamidine hydrochloride with 2-alkyl-3-ethoxyacroleins or with in 2 Position of alkylated malonaldehyde tetraacetals or correspondingly substituted vinylogenic formamidinium salts (RM Wagner and CH. Jutz, Chem. Ber. 104 2975 (1971), by preferably heating the components in DMF (dirnethylformamide) and then splitting off the protective group by hydrogenolysis.
  • DMF dirtyhylformamide
  • 5-Hydroxy-2- (2,3-difluoro-4-alkylphenyl) pyrimidines or 5-Hydroxy-2 (2,3-difluoro-4-alkoxyphenyl) pyrimidines can be obtained by condensation of 4-alkyl or 4-alkoxy-2,4-difluorobenzamidine hydrochloride with 2-benzyloxytrimethinium perchlorate (A. Holy, Z. Arnold; Collection Czechoslov. Chem. Comm. 38 1371-1380 (1973), or 2-benzyloxy-3- dimethylaminoacrolein (H. Horstmann et al., Arzneiffenforsch.
  • 5-Hydroxy-2 (2,3-difluoro-4-alkylphenyl) pyridines or 5-hydroxy-2 (2,3-difluoro-4-alkoxyphenyl) pyridines are obtainable from 2-benzyloxytrimethinium salt by condensation with 4-alkyl - Or 4-alkoxy-2,3-difluoroacetophenones, reaction with NH 3 / NH 4 Cl or ammonium acetate.
  • 5-Alkyl-2 (2,3-difluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl) pyridines can be obtained by coupling 2-bromo-5-methylpyridine with 2,3-difluoro-4-benzyloxyphenylboronic acid and a Pd catalyst among those already mentioned Conditions, chain extension of the methyl group by deprotonation with LDA as the base (-65 ° C) and alkylation with an alkyl bromide and hydrogenolysis.
  • 5-alkyl-2 (2,3-difluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl) pyrimidines or 5-alkoxy-2 (2,3-difluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl) pyrimidines can be prepared by the usual condensation of 2,3-difluoro -4-benzyloxybenzamidine with 2-alkylmalonaldehyde tetraacetals or 2-alkyl-3-ethoxyacroleins or 2,3-dialkoxyacroleins or the corresponding immonium salts or alkoxy-trimethinium salts and subsequent hydrogenolysis.
  • optically active 1,2-epoxides are according to S. Brandange et al. (Acta Scand. B 37 (1983) 141-145) with HF / pyridine to the corresponding optically active 2-fluoro-1-alkanols. These can be converted into the corresponding tosylates under standard conditions and then further to the iodides in Finkelstein. Both the tosylates and the iodides are suitable as alkylating agents, with tosylates being preferably used for the etherification of phenols.
  • Another possibility for the introduction of optically active monofluorinated side chains is the direct ring opening of optically active 1,2-epoxides by phenolates or suitable carbon nucleophiles.
  • ring openings run region-specifically on the less substituted C atom of the epoxide and provide the corresponding optically active alcohols, which can then be converted into the optically active fluorine compounds under standard conditions using DAST.
  • Carbon suitable for ring opening Examples of nucleophiles are Grignard compounds, acetylides, enolates, but also CH-azide methyl groups of heterocycles (for example pyridine) or suitable substituted aromatics (for example p-tolunitrile).
  • the compounds of the formula I or suitable precursors for their preparation can be prepared by reducing a compound which otherwise corresponds to the formula I but contains one or more reducible groups and / or C-C bonds instead of H atoms.
  • the reduction can be carried out, for example, by catalytic hydrogenation at temperatures between about 0 ° and about 200 ° and pressures between about 1 and 200 bar in an inert solvent, for example an alcohol such as methanol, ethanol or isopropanol, an ether such as tetrahydrofuran (THF) or dioxane , an ester such as ethyl acetate, a carboxylic acid such as acetic acid or a hydrocarbon such as cyclohexane.
  • an inert solvent for example an alcohol such as methanol, ethanol or isopropanol, an ether such as tetrahydrofuran (THF) or dioxane , an ester such as ethyl acetate, a carboxylic acid such as acetic acid or a hydrocarbon such as cyclohexane.
  • an inert solvent for example an alcohol such as methanol, ethanol or isopropanol, an ether
  • Suitable catalysts are suitably noble metals such as Pt or Pd, which can be used in the form of oxides (for example PtO 2 , PdO), on a support (for example Pd on carbon, calcium carbonate or strontium carbonate) or in finely divided form.
  • Ketones can also by the methods of Clemmensen (with zinc, amalgamated zinc or tin and hydrochloric acid, advantageously in aqueous alcoholic solution or in a heterogeneous phase with water / toluene at temperatures between about 80 and 120 °) to the corresponding compounds of formula I, containing alkyl groups and / or -CH 2 CH 2 bridges can be reduced.
  • arylsulfonyloxy groups can be removed reductively with LiAlH 4 , in particular p-toluenesulfonyloxymethyl groups can be reduced to methyl groups, expediently in an inert solvent such as diethyl ether or THF at temperatures between about 0 and 100 °. Double bonds can (even in the presence of CN groups!) With NaBH. or hydrogenated tributyltin hydride in methanol; for example, the corresponding cyclohexane derivatives are formed from 1-cyanocyclohexene derivatives.
  • Esters of the formula I can also be obtained by esterifying corresponding carboxylic acids (or their reactive derivatives) with alcohols or phenols (or their reactive derivatives).
  • Suitable reactive derivatives of the carboxylic acids mentioned are in particular the acid halides, especially the chlorides and bromides, and also the anhydrides, e.g. also mixed anhydrides, azides or esters, in particular alkyl esters with 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl group.
  • Suitable reactive derivatives of the alcohols or phenols mentioned are, in particular, the corresponding metal alcoholates or phenolates, preferably an alkali metal such as Na or K.
  • the esterification is advantageously carried out in the presence of an inert solvent.
  • ethers such as diethyl ether, di-n-butyl ether, THF, dioxane or anisole, ketones such as acetone, butanone or cyclohexanone, amides such as DMF or phosphoric acid hexamethyltriamide, hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene or xylene, halogenated hydrocarbons such as carbon tetrachloride or tetrachlorethylene and sulfoxides such as Dirnethyl sulfoxide or sulfolane.
  • Solvents immiscible with water can at the same time advantageously be used for azeotropically distilling off the water formed during the esterification.
  • an excess of an organic base for example pyridine, quinoline or triethylamine, can also be used as a solvent for the esterification.
  • the esterification can also be carried out in the absence of a solvent, for example by simply heating the components in the presence of sodium acetate.
  • the reaction temperature is usually between -50 ° and + 250 °, preferably between -20 ° and + 80 °. At these temperatures, the esterification reactions are usually complete after 15 minutes to 48 hours.
  • reaction conditions for the esterification largely depend on the nature of the starting materials used.
  • a free carboxylic acid is usually reacted with a free alcohol or phenol in the presence of a strong acid, for example a mineral acid such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid.
  • a preferred reaction mode is the reaction of an acid anhydride or in particular an acid chloride with an alcohol, preferably in a basic medium, the bases being in particular alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium or potassium hydroxide, alkali metal carbonates or hydrogen carbonates such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate or potassium hydrogen carbonate, alkali metal acetates such as sodium or Potassium acetate, alkaline earth metal hydroxides such as calcium hydroxide or organic bases such as triethylamine, pyridine, lutidine, collidine or quinoline are important.
  • alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium or potassium hydroxide
  • alkali metal carbonates or hydrogen carbonates such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate or potassium hydrogen carbonate
  • alkali metal acetates such as sodium or Potassium acetate
  • alkaline earth metal hydroxides such as calcium hydroxide or organic bases such as triethylamine, pyridine, lutidine, collidine or quinoline are important.
  • a further preferred embodiment of the esterification consists in first converting the alcohol or the phenol into the sodium or potassium alcoholate or phenolate, for example by treatment with ethanolic sodium or potassium hydroxide solution, isolating it and together with sodium bicarbonate or potassium carbonate with stirring suspended in acetone or diethyl ether and this suspension mixed with a solution of the acid chloride or anhydride in diethyl ether, acetone or DMF, advantageously at temperatures between about -25 ° and + 20 °.
  • Dioxane derivatives or dithiane derivatives of the formula I are expediently prepared by reacting an appropriate aldehyde (or one of its reactive derivatives) with a corresponding 1,3-diol or a corresponding 1,3-dithiplone (or one of its reactive derivatives), preferably in the presence an inert solvent such as benzene or toluene and / or one
  • Catalyst e.g. a strong acid such as sulfuric acid, benzene or p-toluenesulfonic acid, at temperatures between 20 ° and about 150 °, preferably between 80 ° and 120 °.
  • Acetals are primarily suitable as reactive derivatives of the starting materials.
  • aldehydes and 1,3-diols or 1,3-dithiols mentioned and their reactive derivatives are known, and all of them can be prepared without difficulty from standard compounds of organic chemistry from compounds known from the literature.
  • the aldehydes can be obtained by oxidation of corresponding alcohols or by reduction of corresponding carboxylic acids or their derivatives, the diols by reduction of corresponding diesters and the dithiols by reaction of corresponding dihalides with NaSH.
  • Ethers of the formula I can be obtained by etherification of corresponding hydroxyl compounds, preferably corresponding phenols, the hydroxyl compound advantageously first being converted into a corresponding metal derivative, for example by treatment with NaH, NaNH 2 , NaOH, KOH, Na 2 CO 3 or K 2 CO 3 corresponding alkali metal alcoholate or alkali metal phenolate is converted.
  • corresponding chlorine or bromine compounds of the formula I or suitable precursors can also be reacted with a cyanide, advantageously with a metal cyanide such as NaCN, KCN or Cu 2 (CN) 2 , for example in Presence of pyridine in an inert solvent such as DMF or N-methylpyrrolidone at temperatures between 20 ° and 200 °.
  • a cyanide advantageously with a metal cyanide such as NaCN, KCN or Cu 2 (CN) 2
  • a metal cyanide such as NaCN, KCN or Cu 2 (CN) 2
  • optically active compounds of the formula I are obtained by using appropriate optically active starting materials and / or by separating the optical antipodes by means of chromatography using known methods.
  • the phases according to the invention contain at least one, preferably at least two, compounds of the formula I.
  • Chiral-chopped smectic liquid-crystalline phases according to the invention are particularly preferred, the achiral base mixture of which contains at least one other component with negative or small positive dielectric anisotropy.
  • the chirality is preferably partly or completely based on chiral ver Compounds of the formula I.
  • These phases preferably contain one or two chiral compounds of the formula I.
  • achiral compounds of the formula I (for example in the form of a racemate) can also be used, the chirality of the phase then being brought about by other optically active compounds becomes.
  • chiral compounds of the formula I are used, not only the pure optical antipodes but also mixtures with an enantiomeric excess are suitable.
  • the above-mentioned further component (s) of the achiral base mixture can make up 1 to 95%, preferably 10 to 90%, of the mixture.
  • Compounds of the partial formulas Ha to Hg are suitable as further components with small positive or negative dielectric anisotropy:
  • R 4 and R 5 are each preferably alkyl, alkoxy,
  • Alkanoyloxy or alkoxycarbonyl each with 3 to 12
  • X is preferably O.
  • a 1,4-phenylene group can also be substituted laterally by halogen, particularly preferably by fluorine.
  • halogen particularly preferably by fluorine.
  • one of the groups R 4 and R 5 is alkyl and the other group is alkoxy.
  • R 4 and R 5 each represent straight-chain alkyl or alkoxy each having 5 to 10 carbon atoms.
  • phases according to the invention which, in addition to components of the formulas Ila to Ilg, also contain at least one component with clearly negative dielectric anisotropy ( ⁇ -2 -2).
  • Compounds of the formulas purple to IIIc are particularly suitable here,
  • R 4 and R 5 have the general and preferred meanings given in the formulas Ila to Ilg.
  • a 1,4-phenylene group can also be substituted laterally by halogen, preferably fluorine.
  • the compounds of formula I include, in particular, dinuclear and trinuclear materials. Of the dinuclear ones which are preferred, those are preferred in which R 1 denotes n-alkyl or n-alkoxy having 7 to 12, in particular 7 to 9, carbon atoms.
  • the phases according to the invention preferably contain at least one trinuclear compound of the formula I. These phases are characterized by particularly high S C / S A transition temperatures .
  • the compounds of formula I are also suitable as components of nematic liquid crystalline phases, e.g. to avoid reverse twist.
  • liquid-crystalline phases according to the invention consist of 2 to 25, preferably 3 to 15 components, including at least one compound of the formula I.
  • the other constituents are preferably selected from the nematic or nematogenic substances, in particular the known substances, from the classes of the azoxybenzenes, benzylidene anilines, biphenyls, terphenyls, phenyl or cyclohexyl benzoates, cyclohexane-carbonklarephenyloder cyclohexyl ester, phenylcyclohexanes, cyclohexylbiphenyls, cyclohexylcyclohexanes, Cyclohexylnaphthaline, 1,4-bis-cyclohexylbenzenes, 4,4'-bis-cyclohexylbiphenyls, phenyl or cyclohexylpyrimidines, phenyl and their Cyclohexylpyrida
  • L and E are each a carbo- or heterocyclic ring system consisting of the system consisting of 1,4-disubstituted benzene and cyclohexane rings, 4,4'-disubstituted biphenyl, phenylcyclohexane and cyclohexylcyclohexane systems, 2,5-disubstituted pyrimidine and 1,3- Dioxane rings, 2,6-disubstituted naphthalene, di- and tetrahydronaphthalene, quinazoline and tetrahydroquinazoline,
  • Y halogen preferably chlorine, or -CN
  • R 'and R''are different from one another one of these radicals usually being an alkyl or alkoxy group.
  • other variants of the proposed substituents are also customary. Many such substances or mixtures thereof are commercially available. All of these substances are obtainable by methods known from the literature.
  • the phases according to the invention contain about 0.1 to 99, preferably 10 to 95%, of one or more compounds of formula I. Also preferred are liquid-crystalline phases according to the invention, containing 0.1-40, preferably 0.5-30% of one or more compounds of formula I.
  • the phases according to the invention are produced in a conventional manner.
  • the components are dissolved in one another, advantageously at elevated temperature.
  • liquid-crystalline phases according to the invention can be modified so that they can be used in all types of liquid-crystal display elements which have hitherto become known.
  • conductive salts preferably ethyldimethyldodecylammonium4-hexyloxybenzoate, tetrabutylammonium tetraphenylboranate or complex salts of crown ethers (see, for example, I. Haller et al., Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. Volume 24, pages 249-258 (1973 )) to improve the conductivity, pleochroic dyes for the production of colored guest-host systems or substances for changing the dielectric anisotropy, the viscosity and / or the orientation of the nematic phases are added.
  • Such substances are described, for example, in DE-OS 22 09 127, 22 40 864, 23 21 632, 23 38 281, 24 50 088, 26 37 430, 28 53 728 and 29 02 177.
  • Mp. Melting point
  • Kp. Clearing point. Percentages above and below mean percentages by weight; all temperatures are given in degrees Celsius. "Conventional work-up” means: water is added, the mixture is extracted with methylene chloride, the mixture is separated off, the organic phase is dried, evaporated and the product is purified by crystallization and / or chromatography.
  • K Crystalline solid state
  • S smectic phase (the index indicates the phase type)
  • N nematic
  • Ch cholesteric phase
  • I isotropic phase. The number between two symbols indicates the transition temperature in degrees Celsius.
  • the hydrogenation solution is concentrated on a rotary evaporator, the residue is taken up in methyl tert-butyl ether (MTB ether) and twice with water and then with 5% strength NaHCO 3 solution shaken out. The organic phase is dried and evaporated. The residue is distilled in vacuo (2 ⁇ 10 -2 mbar) (62 ° C to 78. 2-Butylcyanoacetic acid ethyl ester is obtained.
  • Optically active lactic acid benzyl ester is esterified by means of DCC and a catalytic amount of DMAP with 4'-heptyloxy-2,3-difluorobiphenyl-4-carboxylic acid and then the benzyl group is split off hydrogenolytically. 0.01 mol of the acid thus obtained is converted into the corresponding acid chloride in 50 ml of benzene at room temperature in the presence of catalytic amounts of DMF with 0.02 mol of oxalyl chloride. The reaction mixture is evaporated in vacuo and the residue is taken up in 30 ml of diglyme. With cooling and vigorous stirring, 25 ml of a 30% aqueous ammonia solution are added dropwise.
  • Optically active lactic acid benzyl ester is etherified with 4'-heptyloxy-2,3-difluorobiphenyl-4-ol using diethyl azodicarboxylate (DEAD) / triphenylphosphine and then the benzyl group is split off hydrogenolytically.
  • the acid thus obtained is converted into the nitrile as usual (oxalyl chloride, ammonia, thionyl chloride).
  • Optically active 4'-heptyloxy-2,3-difluoro-4- (1-cyanoethyloxy) biphenyl is obtained.
  • Optically active benzyl S-2-hydroxy-3-methylbutyrate prepared from the cesium salt of L- ⁇ -hydroxyisovaleric acid by reaction with benzyl bromide in DMF
  • 4'-heptyloxy-2 ', 3'-difluorobiphenyl-4-carboxylic acid prepared by metalation of heptyloxy-2,3-difluorobenzene with BuLi and TMEDA in THF at -70 ° C, re-metallization with chlorotriisopropyl orthotitanate and subsequent reaction with 4-cyclohexanone carboxylic acid ethyl ester, dehydration, aromatization with DDQ and saponification with ethane at 5 ° C using DCC and a kataly table amount of DMAP esterified and then split off the benzyl group hydrogenolytically.
  • 2,3-difluorohydroquinone monobenzyl ether (prepared from 2,3-difluorophenol by Elbs reaction, benzylation of the sulfate obtained as an intermediate and acidic cleavage of the sulfate) is activated with DEAD / PPh and optically vem implemented lactic acid ethyl ester.
  • the protective group is then split off hydrogenolytically. With exclusion of moisture, 0.01 mol of the compound thus obtained and 0.01 mol of 4'-heptyloxybiphenyl-4-carboxylic acid are reacted dropwise at 0 ° C.
  • phase transition temperatures and the values of spontaneous polarization at room temperature are summarized in the following table:

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Abstract

Des dérivés chiraux du 1,2-difluorobenzène sont utilisables comme constituants de phases à cristaux liquides chirales, smectiques, orientées.
EP89903152A 1988-03-10 1989-02-28 Derives chiraux du 1,2-difluorobenzene Pending EP0357739A1 (fr)

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KR900700438A (ko) 1990-08-13
DE58904761D1 (de) 1993-07-29
EP0332025A1 (fr) 1989-09-13
DE3807802A1 (de) 1989-09-21
US5232624A (en) 1993-08-03
EP0332025B1 (fr) 1993-06-23
WO1989008639A1 (fr) 1989-09-21
JPH02503435A (ja) 1990-10-18

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