EP0356377A1 - Gas-filling device for motor vehicles - Google Patents

Gas-filling device for motor vehicles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0356377A1
EP0356377A1 EP19890810511 EP89810511A EP0356377A1 EP 0356377 A1 EP0356377 A1 EP 0356377A1 EP 19890810511 EP19890810511 EP 19890810511 EP 89810511 A EP89810511 A EP 89810511A EP 0356377 A1 EP0356377 A1 EP 0356377A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
refueling
pressure
refueling device
time
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP19890810511
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0356377B1 (en
Inventor
Heinz Mutter
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Atlas Copco Schweiz AG
Original Assignee
Sulzer AG
Gebrueder Sulzer AG
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0356377A1 publication Critical patent/EP0356377A1/en
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
    • F17C5/002—Automated filling apparatus
    • F17C5/007—Automated filling apparatus for individual gas tanks or containers, e.g. in vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0311—Closure means
    • F17C2205/0314—Closure means breakable, e.g. with burst discs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F17C2205/0326—Valves electrically actuated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F17C2205/0332—Safety valves or pressure relief valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0341—Filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0135—Pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/03—Control means
    • F17C2250/032—Control means using computers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/043—Pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/0439—Temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/0478—Position or presence
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
    • F17C2250/0689—Methods for controlling or regulating
    • F17C2250/0694—Methods for controlling or regulating with calculations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/07—Actions triggered by measured parameters
    • F17C2250/072—Action when predefined value is reached
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/06—Fluid distribution
    • F17C2265/065—Fluid distribution for refuelling vehicle fuel tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0134—Applications for fluid transport or storage placed above the ground
    • F17C2270/0139—Fuel stations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/1842—Ambient condition change responsive
    • Y10T137/1939—Atmospheric
    • Y10T137/1963—Temperature

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a gas refueling device for motor vehicles with a compressor unit, gas distributor unit, control and operating unit.
  • Gas refueling devices for motor vehicles are currently being used in trial operations in areas with cheaply available natural gas.
  • the motor vehicles are equipped with a switchover unit for gas operation and with a pressure tank which allows pressures of up to 200 bar and are refueled with compressed gas.
  • the object of the invention is to develop a concept for linking manipulations and control on a gas refueling device for motor vehicles, which makes it possible to rent standard gas refueling devices to private households without placing an unnecessary risk to human life and property and / or legally unclear situations arise between landlord and tenant.
  • the gas refueling device each has at least one temperature sensor and one pressure sensor with connections to a control unit and the control unit includes setpoint memories for the range of the permissible values of the signals of at least one temperature sensor and one pressure sensor and with means for comparing the actual value signals at least this one temperature sensor and this one pressure sensor is provided with the target values, and in that the control has switching means and signal transmitters which change the operating state of the gas refueling device when actual values deviate from their target value range.
  • the four operating states of operation, ready for operation, not ready for operation and service mode are provided, which differ in that the user makes the transition at any time with a start signal from the operational state to the operational state and with a stop signal causes the transition from the operational state to the operational state, while it only indirectly achieves the transition from non-operational to operational by eliminating the defects indicated by the control.
  • the control automatically changes from the operating state to the ready state when a maximum refueling pressure that is dependent on the outside temperature has been reached, while the violation of boundary conditions, such as the closing of a shut-off valve in the gas connection line, triggers the non-operational state. All serious changes, such as exceeding a permissible setpoint range for pressure changes and / or the failure of components of the device, lead to the transition to the service mode by the control, whereby this state can only be reset to the ready state by trained personnel .
  • An advantage of the invention is that a consistent monitoring of the refueling is only possible by making target / actual value comparisons between pressures and temperatures at short time intervals, the permissible target values being corrected in accordance with the development of the previous measurements. Due to the short time interval and the monitoring of changes in the gradient of a function, very quick reactions are possible.
  • Another advantage is that the low pressure rise is checked at low pressures at the beginning of refueling in order to detect unconnected or defective tank hoses and to force a shutdown.
  • the refueling devices are equipped with operating hours counters, the counting memories of which are part of the compressor is removed with the compressor and can only be reset to zero with auxiliary devices.
  • Control of the devices is ensured by a preset limit on the operating hours per compressor, after which the device automatically blocks itself, whereby advance warnings are given and the effective number of operating hours can be called up. It has also proven to be advantageous to include the switching behavior of elements of the gas distribution network that are outside the device when evaluating the monitoring when starting a gas refueling device. Furthermore, the behavior of the device is regulated in such a way that brief power interruptions only interrupt the refueling process, whereas after longer power interruptions a new start signal must be given.
  • a gas refueling device for motor vehicles is shown schematically, a refueling hose 8 with a coupling 27 and a display panel 21a with a sensor 22 for the outside temperature T and an operating panel 21b with a start and a stop button being attached outside the housing 1, and that Device is connected to an electrical connection line 4, to a gas connection line 5 and to a ventilation line 6, while within the housing 1 the compressor 2 with a sensor for the cooling air temperature 23 and with a memory 25 for an operating hours counter, the electric motor 3 with a sensor 24 for the winding temperature and with a fan for the cooling air, a gas intake line 9 to the compressor 2, a gas pressure line 7 for refueling, various electrical connecting lines 26 and a controller 11 with a control unit 20, with a rupture disc 15, with a sensor 16 for the refueling pressure p, with a switching valve 14, with diff reference pressure switch 17, with Pressure relief valve 18, with vent throttle 13 and with intake filter 12 are attached.
  • the gas refueling device each has a temperature sensor 22 and a pressure sensor 16 with connections to a control unit 20 and the control unit 20 includes setpoint memories for the range of the permissible values of the signals of the connected sensors and the means for comparing the actual value signals with the setpoints.
  • the controller 11 has switching means and signal transmitters which change the operating state of the gas refueling device when actual values deviate from their target value range. Inoperable states 33, ready 34, operation 35 and service mode 36 are listed as operating states, the changes 30 being triggered by target / actual comparisons in the controller 11, while a change 29 from the service mode 36 to ready 34 can only be carried out with auxiliary devices during service.
  • a setpoint correction for the predetermined maximum pressure p max as a function of the outside temperature T during refueling shows in FIG. 3 a linear increase up to a temperature T * and at temperatures greater than T * a constant value corresponding to the pressure of T * .
  • FIG. 4 A setpoint correction for the range of the allowable pressure changes for the refueling pressure p during refueling is shown in Fig. 4 with a pressure increase in the time from t0 to t2, the dashed line for constant Boundary conditions up to the time t0 + z are shown, while the pressure deviations 37, which vary with the ambient conditions and with the refueling time, are shown in a time interval t2 - t1 by different spreading of the permissible curve at the times t0, t2 and t0 + z in FIG. 4 are indicated.
  • Fig. 4 A setpoint correction for the range of the allowable pressure changes for the refueling pressure p during refueling is shown in Fig. 4 with a pressure increase in the time from t0 to t2, the dashed line for constant Boundary conditions up to the time t0 + z are shown, while the pressure deviations 37, which vary with the ambient conditions and with the refueling time, are shown in a
  • FIG. 5 shows a graphical representation for an ongoing calculation of the target values for the pressure deviations of the refueling pressure during refueling, with a constant outside temperature and taking into account the initial refueling pressure p0 in the value B and a constant polling interval t2 - t1 the permissible pressure deviations within the hatched area must lie.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Control Of Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Vehicle Cleaning, Maintenance, Repair, Refitting, And Outriggers (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

In this gas-filling device for motor vehicles, a compressor unit (2, 3), a gas distributor unit (10, 7, 8, 9, 27, 6, 5) and a control (11) are mounted inside a housing (1), on the outside of which an operating unit (21a, 21b) is mounted. In order for private individuals to fill motor vehicles, a concept has been developed in which at least one temperature sensor (22) and one pressure sensor (16) supply measured values to a control unit (20) which is provided with reference values adapted in accordance with the changing ambient and operating conditions, a control (11) having switching means and signal transmitters which, in the event of the deviation of actual values from their reference values, changes the operating state of the gas filling device. The operating states are selected in such a way that in the event of serious incorrect handling and failure of components the device itself locks and can only be made operational again with auxiliary devices. The deciding factor for the use by private individuals is the constant automatic correction of the reference values for the admissible deviations of the thermodynamic state variables during the filling process which, in combination with other safety measures, makes the direct presence next to the device unnecessary and, e.g. permits unmonitored filling overnight by the user. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Gasbetankungsgerät für Kraftfahrzeuge mit Kompressoreinheit, Gasverteilerein­heit, Steuerung und Bedienungseinheit. Gasbetankungs­geräte für Kraftfahrzeuge werden vorläufig im Versuchs­betrieb in Gebieten mit billig erhältlichem Erdgas einge­setzt. Die Kraftfahrzeuge werden mit einer Umschaltein­heit für Gasbetrieb und mit einem Drucktank, der Drücke bis 200 bar zulässt, ausgerüstet und mit komprimiertem Gas betankt. Komponenten zu solchen Tankstationen sind in den folgenden Patentgesuchen enthalten:
- Sulzer-Patentgesuch CH 02810/87-0
- Sulzer-Patentgesuch CH 00582/88-0
- Sulzer-Patentgesuch CH 02209/88-9
- Sulzer-Patentgesuch CH 04560/86-6
- Honeywell-Lucifer-Patentgesuch CH 00882/88-0.The invention relates to a gas refueling device for motor vehicles with a compressor unit, gas distributor unit, control and operating unit. Gas refueling devices for motor vehicles are currently being used in trial operations in areas with cheaply available natural gas. The motor vehicles are equipped with a switchover unit for gas operation and with a pressure tank which allows pressures of up to 200 bar and are refueled with compressed gas. Components for such filling stations are included in the following patent applications:
- Sulzer patent application CH 02810 / 87-0
- Sulzer patent application CH 00582 / 88-0
- Sulzer patent application CH 02209 / 88-9
- Sulzer patent application CH 04560 / 86-6
- Honeywell Lucifer patent application CH 00882 / 88-0.

Den aufgeführten Anmeldungen ist gemeinsam, dass es sich um Komponenten, wie Kompressoren, Ventile, Steuerungs­elemente und Bauteile handelt, die Teillösungen für die Herstellung von seriemässigen Betankungsgeräten darstel­len. Sie sind noch nicht in einem Konzept zusammen­gefasst, das die Veränderung der thermodynamischen Eigen­schaften des Gases in Abhängigkeit von den äusseren Bedingungen berücksichtigt, noch decken die Sicherheits­massnahmen am Gerät selbst einen Gebrauch durch ungeübte Privatpersonen ab.The applications listed have in common that they are components, such as compressors, valves, control elements and components, which represent partial solutions for the production of standard refueling devices. They are not yet summarized in a concept that changes the thermodynamic properties of the gas depending on the exterior Conditions taken into account, the safety measures on the device itself cover use by inexperienced private individuals.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Konzept für die Ver­knüpfung von Manipulationen und der Steuerung an einem Gasbetankungsgerät für Kraftfahrzeuge zu entwickeln, das die Vermietung von seriemässigen Gasbetankungsgeräten an Privathaushalte möglich macht, ohne dass eine unnötige Gefährdung von Menschenleben und Eigentum und/oder recht­lich unklare Situationen zwischen Vermieter und Mieter entstehen. Dies bedingt, dass im Gasbetankungsgerät Kri­terien vorhanden sind, nach denen Fehlmanipulationen und wechselnde Randbedingungen beim Betanken selbsttägig be­urteilt werden, um das Gerät zwangsläufig und jederzeit in einem der Situation angepassten Betriebszustand zu halten.The object of the invention is to develop a concept for linking manipulations and control on a gas refueling device for motor vehicles, which makes it possible to rent standard gas refueling devices to private households without placing an unnecessary risk to human life and property and / or legally unclear situations arise between landlord and tenant. This means that criteria are present in the gas refueling device according to which incorrect manipulations and changing boundary conditions during refueling are assessed automatically in order to inevitably and at all times keep the device in an operating state adapted to the situation.

Erfindungsgemäss wird diese Aufgabe gelöst, indem das Gasbetankungsgerät mindestens je einen Temperatursensor und einen Drucksensor mit Verbindungen zu einer Steuer­einheit aufweist und die Steuereinheit Sollwertspeicher für den Bereich der zulässigen Werte der Signale minde­stens des einen Temperatursensors und des einen Druck­sensors umfasst und mit Mitteln zum Vergleich der Ist­wertsignale mindestens dieses einen Temperatursensors und dieses einen Drucksensors mit den Sollwerten versehen ist, und indem die Steuerung Schaltmittel und Signalgeber aufweist, welche beim Abweichen von Istwerten von ihrem Sollwertbereich den Betriebszustand des Gasbetankungs­gerätes ändern.According to the invention, this object is achieved in that the gas refueling device each has at least one temperature sensor and one pressure sensor with connections to a control unit and the control unit includes setpoint memories for the range of the permissible values of the signals of at least one temperature sensor and one pressure sensor and with means for comparing the actual value signals at least this one temperature sensor and this one pressure sensor is provided with the target values, and in that the control has switching means and signal transmitters which change the operating state of the gas refueling device when actual values deviate from their target value range.

Es werden beispielsweise die vier Betriebszustände Be­trieb, betriebsbereit, nichtbetriebsbereit und Service­mode vorgesehen, die sich dadurch unterscheiden, dass der Benutzer jederzeit mit einem Startsignal den Uebergang aus dem Zustand betriebsbereit in den Zustand Betrieb und mit einem Stoppsignal den Uebergang aus dem Zustand Be­trieb in den Zustand betriebsbereit bewirkt, während er den Uebergang von nichtbetriebsbereit in betriebsbereit nur indirekt durch Beseitigen der von der Steuerung ange­zeigten Mängel erreicht. Die Steuerung ändert selbsttätig vom Zustand Betrieb in den Zustand betriebsbereit, wenn ein höchster, von der Aussentemperatur abhängiger Betankungsdruck erreicht ist, während die Verletzung von Randbedingungen, wie z.B. das Schliessen eines Absperr­ventils in der Gasanschlussleitung, den Zustand nicht­betriebsbereit auslöst. Alle schwerwiegenden Veränderun­gen, wie das Ueberschreiten eines zulässigen Sollwert­bereiches für Druckänderungen und/oder das Versagen von Komponenten des Gerätes, führen zum Uebergang in den Be­triebszustand Servicemode durch die Steuerung, wobei die­ser Zustand nur mit Hilfsgeräten durch ausgebildetes Per­sonal wieder in den Zustand betriebsbereit zurückversetzt werden kann.For example, the four operating states of operation, ready for operation, not ready for operation and service mode are provided, which differ in that the user makes the transition at any time with a start signal from the operational state to the operational state and with a stop signal causes the transition from the operational state to the operational state, while it only indirectly achieves the transition from non-operational to operational by eliminating the defects indicated by the control. The control automatically changes from the operating state to the ready state when a maximum refueling pressure that is dependent on the outside temperature has been reached, while the violation of boundary conditions, such as the closing of a shut-off valve in the gas connection line, triggers the non-operational state. All serious changes, such as exceeding a permissible setpoint range for pressure changes and / or the failure of components of the device, lead to the transition to the service mode by the control, whereby this state can only be reset to the ready state by trained personnel .

Ein Vorteil der Erfindung liegt darin, dass eine konse­quente Ueberwachung des Betankens erst dadurch möglich wird, dass in kurzen Zeitabständen Soll/Istwertvergleiche zwischen Drücken und Temperaturen vorgenommen werden, wobei die zulässigen Sollwerte entsprechend der Entwick­lung der vorangehenden Messungen korrigiert werden. Durch den kurzen Zeitabstand und die Ueberwachung der Aende­rungen des Gradienten einer Funktion sind sehr schnelle Reaktionen möglich. Ein weiterer Vorteil liegt darin, dass bei niedrigen Drücken zu Beginn des Betankens der Nichtdruckanstieg überprüft wird, um nicht angeschlossene oder defekte Tankschläuche zu detektieren und eine Zwang­abschaltung zu veranlassen. Um die Umgehung von Servi­cearbeiten an der Kompressorbaugruppe zu verhindern, sind die Betankungsgeräte mit Betriebsstundenzählern ausgerü­stet, deren Zählspeicher als Bestandteil vom Kompressor mit dem Kompressor ausgebaut wird und nur mit Hilfsgerä­ten auf Null zurückgesetzt werden kann. Durch eine vor­eingestellte Begrenzung der Betriebsstunden pro Kompres­sor, nach deren Ueberschreitung sich das Gerät selbstän­dig blockiert, wobei Vorwarnungen erfolgen und die effek­tive Betriebsstundenzahl abrufbar ist, wird die Kontrolle über die Geräte sichergestellt. Als vorteilhaft hat sich weiterhin erwiesen, beim Start eines Gasbetankungsgerätes das Schaltverhalten von Elementen des Gasverteilnetzes, die ausserhalb des Gerätes liegen, bei der Auswertung der Ueberwachung mit einzubeziehen. Weiterhin ist das Verhal­ten des Gerätes so geregelt, dass kurzzeitige Stromunter­brüche den Betankungsvorgang nur unterbrechen, während nach längeren Stromunterbrüchen ein neues Startsignal gegeben werden muss. Somit gelingt es mit der Erfindung, ein seriemässiges Gasbetankungsgerät herzustellen, das ein hohes Mass an Sicherheit aufweist, mit den notwendi­gen Mess- und Auswertesystemen für die Kompensation der Umgebungseinflüsse auf die thermodynamischen Zustands­grössen versehen ist, und für die Verwendung von Privat­personen zum Betanken von Kraftfahrzeugen geeignet ist.An advantage of the invention is that a consistent monitoring of the refueling is only possible by making target / actual value comparisons between pressures and temperatures at short time intervals, the permissible target values being corrected in accordance with the development of the previous measurements. Due to the short time interval and the monitoring of changes in the gradient of a function, very quick reactions are possible. Another advantage is that the low pressure rise is checked at low pressures at the beginning of refueling in order to detect unconnected or defective tank hoses and to force a shutdown. In order to prevent service work on the compressor assembly being avoided, the refueling devices are equipped with operating hours counters, the counting memories of which are part of the compressor is removed with the compressor and can only be reset to zero with auxiliary devices. Control of the devices is ensured by a preset limit on the operating hours per compressor, after which the device automatically blocks itself, whereby advance warnings are given and the effective number of operating hours can be called up. It has also proven to be advantageous to include the switching behavior of elements of the gas distribution network that are outside the device when evaluating the monitoring when starting a gas refueling device. Furthermore, the behavior of the device is regulated in such a way that brief power interruptions only interrupt the refueling process, whereas after longer power interruptions a new start signal must be given. It is thus possible with the invention to produce a standard gas refueling device which has a high degree of safety, is provided with the necessary measurement and evaluation systems for compensating for the environmental influences on the thermodynamic state variables, and is suitable for use by private individuals for refueling motor vehicles is.

Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand von einem Ausfüh­rungsbeispiel mit der Zeichnung näher erläutert.

  • Fig. 1 ist eine schematische Darstellung eines erfindungsgemässen Gastankungsgerätes, in der die wesentlichen Komponenten und ihre Verknüpfung für das Durchführen eines Betankungszyklus aufgeführt sind.
  • Fig. 2 ist eine schematische Darstellung von vier Betriebszsutänden eines Gasbe­tankungsgerätes mit den möglichen Uebergängen und den dafür verantwort­ lichen Auslösern.
  • Fig. 3 ist ein Diagramm für den maximal zulässigen Betankungsdruck pmaxin Abhängigkeit von der Aussentempera­tur T.
  • Fig. 4 ist ein Diagramm, in dem ein Druckan­stieg des Betankungsdruckes p in Abhängigkeit von der Zeit t während des Betankens dargestellt ist.
  • Fig. 5 ist ein Diagramm, in dem über der Betankungszeit t mögliche Sollwerte für die Druckabweichungen des Betankungsdruckes bei konstanten Abfrageintervallen dargestellt sind.
The invention is explained below with reference to an embodiment with the drawing.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a gas refueling device according to the invention, in which the essential components and their link are listed for performing a refueling cycle.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of four operating states of a gas refueling device with the possible transitions and those responsible for them triggers.
  • 3 is a diagram for the maximum permissible refueling pressure p max as a function of the outside temperature T.
  • Fig. 4 is a diagram showing a pressure increase of the refueling pressure p as a function of the time t during the refueling.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram in which possible setpoints for the pressure deviations of the refueling pressure at constant polling intervals are shown over the refueling time t.

In den Figuren ist schematisch ein Gasbetankungsgerät für Kraftfahrzeuge dargestellt, wobei ausserhalb des Gehäuses 1 ein Betankungsschlauch 8 mit Kupplung 27 und eine An­zeigetafel 21a mit einem Sensor 22 für die Aussentempe­ratur T sowie eine Bedienungstafel 21b mit einer Start- und einer Stopptaste angebracht sind, und das Gerät an eine elektrische Anschlussleitung 4,an eine Gasanschluss­leitung 5 und an eine Entlüftungsleitung 6 angeschlossen ist, während innerhalb des Gehäuses 1 der Kompressor 2 mit einem Sensor für die Kühllufttemperatur 23 und mit einem Speicher 25 für einen Betriebsstundenzähler, der Elektromotor 3 mit einem Sensor 24 für die Wicklungstem­peratur und mit einem Ventilator für die Kühlluft, eine Gasansaugleitung 9 zum Kompressor 2, eine Gasdruckleitung 7 zum Betanken, verschiedene elektrische Verbindungslei­tungen 26 und eine Steuerung 11 mit Steuereinheit 20, mit Berstscheibe 15, mit Sensor 16 für den Betankungsdruck p, mit Umschaltventil 14, mit Differenzdruckschalter 17, mit Druckbegrenzungsventil 18, mit Entlüftungsdrossel 13 und mit Ansaugfilter 12 angebracht sind.In the figures, a gas refueling device for motor vehicles is shown schematically, a refueling hose 8 with a coupling 27 and a display panel 21a with a sensor 22 for the outside temperature T and an operating panel 21b with a start and a stop button being attached outside the housing 1, and that Device is connected to an electrical connection line 4, to a gas connection line 5 and to a ventilation line 6, while within the housing 1 the compressor 2 with a sensor for the cooling air temperature 23 and with a memory 25 for an operating hours counter, the electric motor 3 with a sensor 24 for the winding temperature and with a fan for the cooling air, a gas intake line 9 to the compressor 2, a gas pressure line 7 for refueling, various electrical connecting lines 26 and a controller 11 with a control unit 20, with a rupture disc 15, with a sensor 16 for the refueling pressure p, with a switching valve 14, with diff reference pressure switch 17, with Pressure relief valve 18, with vent throttle 13 and with intake filter 12 are attached.

Erfindungsgemäss weist das Gasbetankungsgerät je einen Temperatursensor 22 und einen Drucksensor 16 mit Verbin­dungen zu einer Steuereinheit 20 auf und umfasst die Steuereinheit 20 Sollwertspeicher für den Bereich der zulässigen Werte der Signale der angeschlossenen Sensoren und die Mittel zum Vergleich der Istwertsignale mit den Sollwerten. Die Steuerung 11 weist Schaltmittel und Si­gnalgeber auf, welche beim Abweichen von Istwerten von ihrem Sollwertbereich den Betriebszustand des Gasbe­tankungsgerätes ändern. Als Betriebszustände sind nicht­betriebsbereit 33, betriebsbereit 34, Betrieb 35 und Ser­vicemode 36 aufgeführt, wobei die Wechsel 30 durch Soll/Istvergleiche in der Steuerung 11 ausgelöst werden, während ein Wechsel 29 vom Servicemode 36 in betriebs­bereit 34 nur mit Hilfsgeräten beim Service vorgenommen werden kann. Der Benutzer löst mit einer Starttaste auf einer Bedienungstafel 21b den Wechsel 31 von betriebs­bereit 34 zu Betrieb 35 aus und mit einer Stopptaste den frühzeitigen Abbruch des Betankens durch Wechsel 32 zu­rück in den Zustand betriebsbereit 34, während er den Wechsel 28 von nichtbetriebsbereit 33 in den Zustand be­triebsbereit 34 nur indirekt durch Behebung der von der Steuerung angezeigten Mängel auslöst. Eine Sollwertkor­rektur für den vorgegebenen Maximaldruck pmax in Abhän­gigkeit von der Aussentemperatur T beim Betanken zeigt in Fig. 3 einen linearen Anstieg bis zu einer Temperatur T* und bei Temperaturen grösser als T* einen konstanten, dem Druck von T* entsprechenden Wert.According to the invention, the gas refueling device each has a temperature sensor 22 and a pressure sensor 16 with connections to a control unit 20 and the control unit 20 includes setpoint memories for the range of the permissible values of the signals of the connected sensors and the means for comparing the actual value signals with the setpoints. The controller 11 has switching means and signal transmitters which change the operating state of the gas refueling device when actual values deviate from their target value range. Inoperable states 33, ready 34, operation 35 and service mode 36 are listed as operating states, the changes 30 being triggered by target / actual comparisons in the controller 11, while a change 29 from the service mode 36 to ready 34 can only be carried out with auxiliary devices during service. The user triggers the change 31 from ready 34 to operation 35 with a start button on an operating panel 21b and the early termination of refueling by changing 32 back to the ready 34 state with a stop button, while switching 28 from inoperative 33 to the status 34 ready for operation 34 only triggered indirectly by rectifying the deficiencies indicated by the control. A setpoint correction for the predetermined maximum pressure p max as a function of the outside temperature T during refueling shows in FIG. 3 a linear increase up to a temperature T * and at temperatures greater than T * a constant value corresponding to the pressure of T * .

Eine Sollwertkorrektur für den Bereich der der zulässigen Druckänderungen für den Betankungsdruck p während des Betankens wird in Fig. 4 gezeigt mit einem Druckanstieg in der Zeit von t₀ bis t₂, der gestrichelt für konstante Randbedingungen bis über die Zeit t₀ + z hinaus darge­stellt ist, während die mit den Umgebungsbedingungen und mit der Betankungszeit veränderlichen Druckabweichungen 37 in einem Zeitintervall t₂ - t₁ durch unterschiedliche Spreizung des zulässigen Kurvenverlaufs zu den Zeiten t₀, t₂ und t₀ + z in Fig. 4 angedeutet sind. Fig. 5 zeigt eine graphische Darstellung für eine laufende Berechnung der Sollwerte für die Druckabweichungen des Betankungs­druckes während des Betankens, wobei bei konstanter Aussentemperatur und bei Berücksichtigung des anfäng­lichen Betankungsdruckes p₀ im Wert B und eines konstan­ten Abfrageintervalls t₂ - t₁ die zulässigen Druckabwei­chungen innerhalb der schraffierten Fläche liegen müssen. Veränderungen der Aussentemperatur in einem Zeitintervall t₂ - t₁ verschieben die zulässigen Sollwerte für Druckab­weichungen um einen Wert C, der unter anderem auch vom Druck p₁ zur Zeit t₁ abhängt. Diese Schiebung ist mit den Linien C′ = konstant und C′′= konstant angedeutet.A setpoint correction for the range of the allowable pressure changes for the refueling pressure p during refueling is shown in Fig. 4 with a pressure increase in the time from t₀ to t₂, the dashed line for constant Boundary conditions up to the time t₀ + z are shown, while the pressure deviations 37, which vary with the ambient conditions and with the refueling time, are shown in a time interval t₂ - t₁ by different spreading of the permissible curve at the times t₀, t₂ and t₀ + z in FIG. 4 are indicated. Fig. 5 shows a graphical representation for an ongoing calculation of the target values for the pressure deviations of the refueling pressure during refueling, with a constant outside temperature and taking into account the initial refueling pressure p₀ in the value B and a constant polling interval t₂ - t₁ the permissible pressure deviations within the hatched area must lie. Changes in the outside temperature in a time interval t₂ - t₁ shift the permissible setpoints for pressure deviations by a value C, which also depends on the pressure p₁ at time t₁. This shift is indicated by the lines C '= constant and C''= constant.

Claims (22)

1. Gasbetankungsgerät für Kraftfahrzeuge mit Kompressor­einheit (2, 3), Gasverteilereinheit (10, 7, 8, 9, 27, 6, 5), Steuerung (11) und Bedienungseinheit (21a, 21b), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gasbetankungsgerät min­destens je einen Temperatursensor (22) und einen Druck­sensor (16) mit Verbindungen zu einer Steuereinheit (20) aufweist und die Steuereinheit (20) Sollwertspeicher für den Bereich der zulässigen Werte der Signale mindestens des einen Temperatursensors (22) und des einen Druck­sensors (16) umfasst und mit Mitteln zum Vergleich der Istwertsignale mindestens dieses einen Temperatursensors (22) und dieses einen Drucksensors (16) mit den Sollwer­ten versehen ist, und dass die Steuerung (11) Schaltmit­tel und Signalgeber aufweist, welche beim Abweichen von Istwerten von ihrem Sollwertbereich den Betriebszustand des Gasbetankungsgerätes ändern.1. Gas refueling device for motor vehicles with compressor unit (2, 3), gas distribution unit (10, 7, 8, 9, 27, 6, 5), control (11) and operating unit (21a, 21b), characterized in that the gas refueling device at least each has a temperature sensor (22) and a pressure sensor (16) with connections to a control unit (20) and the control unit (20) comprises setpoint memories for the range of the permissible values of the signals of at least one temperature sensor (22) and one pressure sensor (16) and with means for comparing the actual value signals, at least this one temperature sensor (22) and this one pressure sensor (16) is provided with the target values, and that the controller (11) has switching means and signal transmitters which, when actual values deviate from their target value range, the operating state of the Change gas refueling device. 2. Gasbetankungsgerät nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, dass die Signalgeber der Steuereinheit (20) in Abhängigkeit von der Abweichung der Istwerte der Sensoren (16, 17, 22, 23, 24) von den Sollwerten die Schaltmittel (14, 19) derart verschieden beeinflussen, dass das Gasbetankungsgerät in unterschiedliche Betriebstzustände übergeht.2. Gas refueling device according to claim 1, characterized in that the signal transmitter of the control unit (20) as a function of the deviation of the actual values of the sensors (16, 17, 22, 23, 24) from the target values, the switching means (14, 19) so different influence that the gas refueling device changes into different operating states. 3. Gasbetankungsgerät nach Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch ge­kennzeichnet, dass das Gasbetankungsgerät selbsttätig mindestens die zwei Betriebszustände Betrieb (35) und Nichtbetrieb einnimmt.3. Gas refueling device according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the gas refueling device automatically assumes at least the two operating states operation (35) and non-operation. 4. Gasbetankungsgerät nach Anspruch 1 bis 3, dadurch ge­kennzeichnet, dass die Steuerung (11) im Zusammenwirken von Steuereinheit (20) mit Temperatursensoren (22, 23, 24) und mit Drucksensoren (16, 17) zwischen vier Betriebsarten nichtbetriebsbereit (33), betriebsbereit (34), Betrieb (35) und Servicemode (36) unterscheidet, wobei der Zustand Servicemode (36) nur aufgrund von in­ternen Soll/Istwert-Vergleichen der Steuerung erreicht wird und nur mit Hilfe von Zusatzgeräten verlassen wird, während der Zustand nichtbetriebsbereit (33) nach der Behebung von Mängeln durch den Benutzer in den Zustand betriebsbereit (34) übergeht.4. Gas refueling device according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that the controller (11) in cooperation with the control unit (20) with temperature sensors (22, 23, 24) and with pressure sensors (16, 17) between four Operating modes not ready for operation (33), ready for operation (34), operation (35) and service mode (36), whereby the service mode (36) status is only reached on the basis of internal setpoint / actual value comparisons of the control and is only exited with the aid of additional devices , while the non-operational state (33) changes to the operational state (34) after the user has rectified defects. 5. Gasbetankungsgerät nach Anspruch 1 bis 4, dadurch ge­kennzeichnet, dass ein maximaler Betankungsdruck p von der Höhe der Unmgebungstemperatur T abhängig gemacht wird.5. Gas refueling device according to claim 1 to 4, characterized in that a maximum refueling pressure p is made dependent on the level of the ambient temperature T. 6. Gasbetankungsgerät nach Anspruch 1 bis 5, dadurch ge­kennzeichnet, dass während des Betankens der Betankungs­druck mit einem Drucksensor (16) ständig gemessen und mit einem vorgegebenen Maximaldruck verglichen wird und bei dessen Ueberschreitung zum Abbruch des Betankungsvor­ganges führt, indem der vorgegebene Maximaldruck nach der Formel pmax = a + b . T im Bereich T ≦ T* und nach der Formel pmax = a + b . T* im Bereich T > T* bestimmt wird, wobei T die gemessene Aussentempe­ratur ist, das Vorzeichen vom Koeffizienten b positiv ist und die Werte von den Konstanten a, b, T* durch die thermodynamischen Zustandsgrössen der verwendeten Gasmi­schung bestimmt sind.6. Gas refueling device according to claim 1 to 5, characterized in that during refueling the refueling pressure with a pressure sensor (16) is continuously measured and compared with a predetermined maximum pressure and, if exceeded, leads to the refueling process being terminated by the predetermined maximum pressure according to the formula p max = a + b. T in the range T ≦ T * and according to the formula p max = a + b. T * is determined in the range T> T * , where T is the measured outside temperature, the sign of the coefficient b is positive and the values of the constants a, b, T * are determined by the thermodynamic state variables of the gas mixture used. 7. Gasbetankungsgerät nach Anspruch 1 bis 6, dadurch ge­kennzeichnet, dass ein Betriebsstundenzähler (25) in dem Gerät eingebaut ist, wobei mindestens die Betriebstunden­registrierung als fester kohärenter Bestandteil vom Kom­pressor (2) ausgführt ist, im Zusammenwirken mit einer Steuereinheit (20) ablesbar ist und nur mit Hilfsgeräten eine Rücksetzung auf 0 zulässt.7. Gas refueling device according to claim 1 to 6, characterized in that an operating hours counter (25) is installed in the device, wherein at least the operating hours registration is carried out as a fixed coherent component from the compressor (2), can be read in cooperation with a control unit (20) and only allows resetting to 0 with auxiliary devices. 8. Gasbetankungsgerät nach Anspruch 1 bis 7, dadurch ge­kennzeichnet, dass das Ueberschreiter einer wählbaren Anzahl von Betriebszustunden eines Kompressors (2) das Gerät ausser Betrieb setzt.8. Gas refueling device according to claim 1 to 7, characterized in that the exceeding a selectable number of operating hours of a compressor (2) puts the device out of operation. 9. Gasbetankungsgerät nach Anspruch 1 bis 8, dadurch ge­kennzeichnet, dass vor dem Ueberschreiten einer gewählten Anzahl von Betriebsstunden eine Warnanzeige auf die be­vorstehende Abschaltung aufmerksam macht.9. Gas refueling device according to claim 1 to 8, characterized in that a warning indicator draws attention to the impending shutdown before a selected number of operating hours is exceeded. 10. Gasbetankungsgerät nach Anspruch 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass während des Betankens laufend in Zeitintervallen t₂ - t₁ eine effektive Druckänderung für den Betankungsdruck mit einer Drucksonde (16) für die Zeit t₂ - t₁ gemessen wird, mit einem zur Zeit t₂ zuläs­sigen Bereich von Druckänderungen (37) verglichen wird und bei Abweichungen das Gerät ausser Betrieb setzt.10. Gas refueling device according to claim 1 to 9, characterized in that during the refueling t₂ - t₁ an effective pressure change for the refueling pressure with a pressure probe (16) for the time t₂ - t₁ is measured continuously with a time t₂ permissible range of pressure changes (37) is compared and the device is put out of operation in the event of deviations. 11. Gasbetankungsgerät nach Anspruch 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zulässige Druckanderungen für die Zeit t₂ aus dem Messwert der Aussentemperatur T₂ mit ei­nem Temperatursensor (22) zur Zeit t₂ und aus den Mess­werten für den Betankungsdruck t₁ mit einem Drucksensor (16) und der Aussentemperatur T₁ mit einem Temperatursen­sor (22) zur Zeit t₁ sowie aus dem Messwert für den Betankungsdruck p₀ mit dem Drucksensor (16) zur Zeit t₀ bei Tankbeginn von einer Steuereinheit (20) berechnet werden.11. Gas refueling device according to claim 1 to 10, characterized in that permissible pressure changes for the time t₂ from the measured value of the outside temperature T₂ with a temperature sensor (22) at the time t₂ and from the measured values for the refueling pressure t₁ with a pressure sensor (16) and Outside temperature T₁ with a temperature sensor (22) at time t₁ and from the measured value for the refueling pressure p₀ with the pressure sensor (16) at time t₀ at the beginning of the tank can be calculated by a control unit (20). 12. Gasbetankungsgerät nach Anspruch 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass für die laufende Berechnung des Sollwertbereiches für die zulässigen Druckänderungen eine Formel verwendet wird vom Typ
Figure imgb0001
 die sich bei konstantem Zeitintervall t₂ - t₁ vereinfacht zu:
Figure imgb0002
 mit der Bedingung, dass für t₂> z t₂ = z gesetzt ist, mit den Definitionen:
T: Aussentemperatur
p: Betankungsdruck
t: Zeit
Index 0: Zeitpunkt Beginn des Tankvorganges
Index 1: Zeitpunkt letzte Messung
Index 2: Zeitpunkt neue Messung
Index 2th: neu begrenzter Sollwert
z: Zeitspanne für den ungefähren Temperaturausgleich zwischen Fahrzeugtank und Aussentemperatur
Figure imgb0003
 zeitabhängiger Druckanstieg, der sich aus dem Volumen des des Kraftfahrzeugtanks und dem Fördervolumen des Kompressors ergibt;
Figure imgb0004
 maximale relative Druckänderung, die aufgrund eines grössten Temperaturunterschiedes ΔTmax zu Beginn des Tankvorganges zwischen Fahr­zeugtank und Umgebung auftreten darf;
Figure imgb0005
 grösste relative Druckänderung, die aufgrund der Veränderung der Aussentemperatur um ΔTK mit dem Tagesklima inerhalb von einer üblichen Betankungszeit auftreten darf;
s: Streuungszugabe für Messunsicherheiten, linearisierte Berechnungsvorgänge und schwankende Gaszusammensetzungen.12. Gas refueling device according to claim 1 to 11, characterized in that a formula of the type is used for the ongoing calculation of the setpoint range for the permissible pressure changes
Figure imgb0001
 which at a constant time interval t₂ - t₁ simplifies to:
Figure imgb0002
 with the condition that t₂> z t₂ = z is set with the definitions:
T: outside temperature
p: refueling pressure
t: time
Index 0: time at which fueling begins
Index 1: time of last measurement
Index 2: time of new measurement
Index 2th: newly limited setpoint
z: Time span for the approximate temperature compensation between vehicle tank and outside temperature
Figure imgb0003
 time-dependent pressure increase, which results from the volume of the motor vehicle tank and the delivery volume of the compressor;
Figure imgb0004
 maximum relative pressure change that may occur due to a greatest temperature difference ΔT max at the beginning of the refueling process between the vehicle tank and the surroundings;
Figure imgb0005
 Largest relative pressure change that may occur due to the change in outside temperature by ΔT K with the daytime climate within a normal refueling time;
s: addition of scatter for measurement uncertainties, linearized calculation processes and fluctuating gas compositions. 13. Gasbetankungsgerät nach Anspruch 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Drucksensor (16) bei einem Betankungsdruck p< 20 bar in kleinen Zeitintervallen t₂ - t₁ den Nichtdruckanstieg für den Betankungsdruck p₂ gegenüber p₁ erfasst, dass eine Steuereinheit (20) kon­trolliert, ob p₂ ≦ p₁ zutrifft und bei Zutreffen das Gasbetankungsgerät ausser Betrieb setzt.13. Gas refueling device according to claim 1 to 12, characterized in that a pressure sensor (16) at a refueling pressure p <20 bar in small time intervals t₂ - t₁ detects the non-pressure increase for the refueling pressure p₂ compared to p₁ that a control unit (20) controls whether p₂ ≦ p₁ applies and if applicable the gas refueling device is deactivated. 14. Gasbetankungsgerät nach Anspruch 1 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass auf einer Bedienungstafel (21b) min­destens ein Startsignal für den Beginn des Tankvorganges und ein Stoppsignal für den Abbruch des Tankvorganges durch den Benutzer erzeugt wird.14. Gas refueling device according to claim 1 to 13, characterized in that on a control panel (21b) at least one start signal for the beginning of the refueling process and a stop signal for the termination of the refueling process is generated by the user. 15. Gasbetankungsgerät nach Anspruch 1 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass auf einer Anzeigetafel (21a) minde­stens zwei der Betriebszustände nichtbetriebsbereit (33), betriebsbereit (34), Betrieb (35) und Servicemode (36) angezeigt werden, wobei die Anzeige erfolgt, sobald das Gerät elektrisch mit Strom versorgt ist.15. Gas refueling device according to claim 1 to 14, characterized in that at least two of the operating states (33), ready (34), operation (35) and service mode (36) are displayed on a display panel (21a), the display being carried out, as soon as the device is supplied with electricity. 16. Gasbetankungsgerät nach Anspruch 1 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Start des Betankungsvorganges von den Messungen der Sensoren (16, 17, 22, 23, 24) und vorgewählten Vergleichswerten abhängig ist.16. Gas refueling device according to claim 1 to 15, characterized in that the start of the refueling process is dependent on the measurements of the sensors (16, 17, 22, 23, 24) and preselected comparison values. 17. Gasbetankungsgerät nach Anspruch 1 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass während des Anlaufens des Gerätes für eine kurze Zeit, die von Elementen des Gasverteil­netzes ausserhalb des Gerätes abhängig ist, eine Unter­drückung der Auswertung der Messwerte von Sensoren (16, 17, 22) stattfindet.17. Gas refueling device according to claim 1 to 16, characterized in that during the start-up of the device for a short time, which is dependent on elements of the gas distribution network outside the device, the evaluation of the measured values from sensors (16, 17, 22) is suppressed . 18. Gasbetankungsgerät nach Anspruch 1 bis 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Tankvorgang entsprechend dem grössten üblichen Tankvolumen von betankten Kraftfahrzeu­gen zeitlich limitiert ist.18. Gas refueling device according to claim 1 to 17, characterized in that the filling process according to the largest usual tank volume of refueled motor vehicles is limited in time. 19. Gasbetankungsgerät nach Anspruch 1 bis 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass nach einem kurzzeitigen Stromausfall während des Betankens im Zustand Betrieb (35) der Betan­kungsvorgang fortgesetzt wird bis andere Kriterien zu einer Abschaltung führen und dass bei längeren Stromun­terbrüchen das Gerät sich für eine Stromwiederkehr ausser Betrieb setzt.19. Gas refueling device according to claim 1 to 18, characterized in that after a brief power failure during refueling in the operating state (35), the refueling process is continued until other criteria lead to a shutdown and that in the event of longer power interruptions, the device is out of operation for a power return puts. 20. Gasbetankungsgerät nach Anspruch 1 bis 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Steuereinheit (20) als digita­ler Rechner ausgeführt ist.20. Gas refueling device according to claim 1 to 19, characterized in that a control unit (20) is designed as a digital computer. 21. Gasbetankungsgerät nach Anspruch 1 bis 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei einem Ausfall der Funktion von Elementen wie Sensoren, Ventilen und Bauteilen das Gerät sich in abgeschaltetem Zustand blockiert.21. Gas refueling device according to claim 1 to 20, characterized in that in the event of a failure of the function of elements such as sensors, valves and components, the device blocks itself in the switched-off state. 22. Gasbetankungsgerät nach Anspruch 1 bis 21, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Verwendung an Gasnetzen zum Betanken von Kraftfahrzeugen durch Privatpersonen statt­findet.22. Gas refueling device according to claim 1 to 21, characterized in that it is used on gas networks for refueling motor vehicles by private individuals.
EP19890810511 1988-08-15 1989-07-06 Gas-filling device for motor vehicles Expired - Lifetime EP0356377B1 (en)

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EP0516580A1 (en) * 1991-05-30 1992-12-02 Maschinenfabrik Sulzer-Burckhardt AG Filling device for a gaseous fuel tank
EP1942300A1 (en) * 2007-01-04 2008-07-09 Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. Hydrogen dispensing station and method of operating the same
DE112008002771B4 (en) * 2007-10-24 2018-01-18 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Gas level display control method and use thereof for a gas level display control device
EP2093475A1 (en) * 2008-02-20 2009-08-26 Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. Compressor fill method and apparatus
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WO2011092560A1 (en) * 2010-01-28 2011-08-04 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Gas station, gas filling system and gas filling method
DE102011113452A1 (en) 2011-09-14 2013-03-14 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Device for filling plastic compressed natural gas tank of motor car, has limiting unit for limiting gas pressure to reduced pressure by comparing gas pressure during beginning of refueling process with subsequent refueling pressure
DE102014000706A1 (en) 2013-01-18 2014-08-21 Michael Feldmann Method and system configuration for the dynamic construction of a gas station infrastructure
DE102014000639A1 (en) 2013-01-18 2014-07-24 Michael Feldmann Method for operating gas station dispensing gaseous fuel, particularly natural gas or natural gas-substitute, involves measuring prevailing pressure on each pressure stage of installed gas storage system by suitable pressure sensors
EP2908044A2 (en) 2014-01-17 2015-08-19 Michael Feldmann Methods and systems for a petrol station for size-optimised dispensing of gaseous gas fuels to mobile consumers
EP2899449A2 (en) 2014-01-20 2015-07-29 Michael Feldmann Method and system configuration for dynamised construction of a petrol station infrastructure

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CA1333899C (en) 1995-01-10
EP0356377B1 (en) 1993-09-29
AU3956389A (en) 1990-02-15

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