EP0356040A2 - Appareil et méthode pour éliminer des particules des gaz d'échappement d'un moteur à combustion interne - Google Patents

Appareil et méthode pour éliminer des particules des gaz d'échappement d'un moteur à combustion interne Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0356040A2
EP0356040A2 EP89307864A EP89307864A EP0356040A2 EP 0356040 A2 EP0356040 A2 EP 0356040A2 EP 89307864 A EP89307864 A EP 89307864A EP 89307864 A EP89307864 A EP 89307864A EP 0356040 A2 EP0356040 A2 EP 0356040A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
filter
particulate matter
exhaust gases
chamber
electromagnetic radiation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP89307864A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0356040A3 (fr
Inventor
Colin Peter Garner
John Cotton Dent
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Loughborough Consultants Ltd
Original Assignee
Loughborough Consultants Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Loughborough Consultants Ltd filed Critical Loughborough Consultants Ltd
Publication of EP0356040A2 publication Critical patent/EP0356040A2/fr
Publication of EP0356040A3 publication Critical patent/EP0356040A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/027—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using electric or magnetic heating means
    • F01N3/028—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using electric or magnetic heating means using microwaves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/011—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more purifying devices arranged in parallel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/031—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters having means for by-passing filters, e.g. when clogged or during cold engine start
    • F01N3/032—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters having means for by-passing filters, e.g. when clogged or during cold engine start during filter regeneration only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2290/00—Movable parts or members in exhaust systems for other than for control purposes
    • F01N2290/02—Movable parts or members in exhaust systems for other than for control purposes with continuous rotary movement
    • F01N2290/04—Movable parts or members in exhaust systems for other than for control purposes with continuous rotary movement driven by exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2290/00—Movable parts or members in exhaust systems for other than for control purposes
    • F01N2290/02—Movable parts or members in exhaust systems for other than for control purposes with continuous rotary movement
    • F01N2290/06—Movable parts or members in exhaust systems for other than for control purposes with continuous rotary movement driven by auxiliary drive
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2290/00—Movable parts or members in exhaust systems for other than for control purposes
    • F01N2290/08—Movable parts or members in exhaust systems for other than for control purposes with oscillating or vibrating movement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
    • F01N2330/06—Ceramic, e.g. monoliths
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2410/00—By-passing, at least partially, exhaust from inlet to outlet of apparatus, to atmosphere or to other device
    • F01N2410/04—By-passing, at least partially, exhaust from inlet to outlet of apparatus, to atmosphere or to other device during regeneration period, e.g. of particle filter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2530/00—Selection of materials for tubes, chambers or housings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2530/00—Selection of materials for tubes, chambers or housings
    • F01N2530/02—Corrosion resistive metals
    • F01N2530/04—Steel alloys, e.g. stainless steel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2530/00—Selection of materials for tubes, chambers or housings
    • F01N2530/06—Aluminium or alloys thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/022—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/30—Arrangements for supply of additional air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B1/00—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression
    • F02B1/02—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition
    • F02B1/04—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition with fuel-air mixture admission into cylinder

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an apparatus and method for removing particulate matter from the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine.
  • Diesel engines are becoming increasingly popular for use in motor vehicles due to their good fuel economy and relatively safe exhaust emissions compared to petrol engines.
  • the exhaust gases of a diesel engine do however contain considerably more particulate matter than those of a comparable petrol engine, and this particulate matter can often be seen as black smoke emitted from the exhaust pipe of a diesel-engined vehicle.
  • a known method of cleaning exhaust gases is to incorporate a filter into the exhaust system to trap the particulate matter.
  • a filter Several types of particle filter are presently available that are very effective at removing particulate matter from the exhaust gases, but which eventually become clogged as deposits of the particulate matter build up. This clogging effect restricts the flow of exhaust gases through the filter, increasing the exhaust back-pressure on the engine and reducing its efficiency. In order to restore the engine's efficiency it is necessary either to replace the filter or to clean it.
  • a known method of cleaning (or “regenerating") the filter in situ on the vehicle is to heat the filter to a very high temperature, whereupon the particulate matter, which is largely carbonaceous, combines with free oxygen in the exhaust gases producing mainly relatively harmless carbon dioxide gas which is passed out of the exhaust system.
  • an apparatus for removing particulate matter from the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine including a chamber having a gas inlet opening towards the upstream end thereof and a gas outlet opening towards the downstream end thereof, a filter mounted within the chamber between the inlet opening and the outlet opening for trapping particulate matter carried by exhaust gases flowing through the chamber, and means for generating electromagnetic radiation of relatively low frequency as herein defined and directing the electromagnetic radiation into the chamber to irradiate the upstream end of the filter to heat and oxidise particulate matter trapped within the filter, the arrangement being such that initially particulate matter in only a region adjacent the upstream end of the filter is exposed to the full heating effect of the electromagnetic radiation.
  • Relatively low frequency electromagnetic radiation is hereby defined as radiation in the R.F. or microwave frequency ranges, having a frequency of less than 1012Hz.
  • the arrangement of the invention is such that the downstream edge of the hot region initially heated by the electromagnetic radiation subsequently travels to the downstream end of the filter.
  • a relatively low-powered generator of electromagnetic radiation is sufficient to heat the particulate matter in that region to the temperature at which rapid oxidation takes place.
  • the energy liberated by the exothermic oxidation reaction helps the hot region to spread to other parts of the filter, oxidising the remaining particulate matter, and enough energy may be liberated in this manner to cause oxidation of all the particulate matter without the addition of any further external energy. It may therefore be possible to turn the generator off, or reduce its power output, once particulate matter in the small region of the filter has been ignited, thereby saving energy.
  • the region of the filter in which particulate matter is heated initially is adjacent the upstream end of the filter, the flow of oxygen-carrying exhaust gases through the filter causes a forced-convection effect which aids the movement of the hot region through the filter, and supplies oxygen to assist the oxidation process. Further, because the hot region travels through the filter in a controlled manner, the heat produced by the exothermic reaction of the particulate matter may be regulated, thereby reducing the risk of damage to the filter matrix by melting or cracking.
  • the apparatus may be installed in the exhaust system of a vehicle engine or a stationary internal-­combustion engine.
  • the chamber and the filter may be substantially cylindrical and coaxial with one another.
  • the means for generating electromagnetic radiation may be a microwave generator.
  • the apparatus may include an exhaust gas by-pass for reducing, in use, the flow of exhaust gases through the filter, and a by-pass valve for regulating the flow of exhaust gases through the by-pass.
  • an exhaust gas by-pass for reducing, in use, the flow of exhaust gases through the filter
  • a by-pass valve for regulating the flow of exhaust gases through the by-pass.
  • the by-pass may be formed as a jacket surrounding the cylinder, thereby helping further to heat the filter.
  • the apparatus may include a control device for controlling operation of the generator means and the by-­pass valve, thereby regulating the oxidation process and helping to prevent damage to the filter.
  • the apparatus includes means for sensing the amount of particulate matter in the filter, an output of said means being connected to an input of the control device.
  • the sensing means may include a pressure transducer, or alternatively the sensing means may be arranged to sense the electrical load on the generator of electromagnetic radiation, or the electromagnetic field in the chamber.
  • the flow of exhaust gases through the filter may be substantially rectilinear and in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the filter.
  • the means for generating electromagnetic radiation may be arranged to irradiate the whole of the upstream end of the filter with a substantially uniform intensity, thereby reducing the risk of damaging the filter due to uneven heating.
  • the filter may include a reflective shield for reflecting transmitted radiation towards the upstream end of the filter, thereby enhancing the localised heating effect.
  • the apparatus advantageously includes means for sensing the temperature of the particulate matter trapped in the filter.
  • the temperature-sensing means preferably includes means for measuring the electrical load on the radiation generator, or the electromagnetic field in the chamber.
  • the apparatus may include an inlet for admitting a gas other than exhaust gases to the upstream end of the gas chamber.
  • the other gas may for example be ambient air, oxygen or nitrogen.
  • the inlet may include means for urging the other gas into the chamber.
  • the apparatus may include means for regulating the flow of the other gas into the chamber.
  • the apparatus may include means for disrupting the field pattern of the microwave energy in the chamber.
  • an apparatus for removing particulate matter from the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine including a filter for trapping particulate matter carried by the exhaust gases, means for generating electromagnetic radiation of relatively low frequency as herein defined and directing the electromagnetic radiation to irradiate the filter, and means for measuring the electrical load on the radiation generator to determine the amount of particulate matter in the filter.
  • the present invention yet further provides an apparatus for removing particulate matter from the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine, including a filter for trapping particulate matter carried by the exhaust gases, means for generating electromagnetic radiation of relatively low frequency as herein defined and directing the electromagnetic radiation to irradiate the filter, and means for measuring the electrical load on the radiation generator to determine the temperature of the particulate matter in the filter.
  • the present invention yet further provides an apparatus for removing particulate matter from the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine, including a filter for trapping particulate matter carried by the exhaust gases, means for generating electromagnetic radiation of relatively low frequency as herein defined and directing the electromagnetic radiation to irradiate the filter, and means for measuring the electromagnetic field in the chamber to determine the temperature of the particulate matter in the filter.
  • the present invention yet further provides a method of removing particulate matter from the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine, in which the gases are passed through a filter, trapping particulate matter carried by the exhaust gases and periodically an upstream end of the filter is irradiated with electromagnetic radiation of relatively low frequency as herein defined, causing particles trapped in a region of the filter to heat up, the downstream edge of the heated region being initially adjacent the upstream end of the filter and subsequently travelling to the downstream end of the filter.
  • the filter is advantageously irradiated with microwave radiation.
  • the flow of exhaust gases through the filter may be reduced for at least part of the time that the filter is irradiated.
  • the full flow of exhaust gases through the filter may be restored after an initial heating period.
  • the amount of particulate matter trapped in the filter is sensed and the periodic irradiation of the filter is controlled in dependence on the sensed amount of material.
  • the flow of exhaust gases through the filter may also be controlled in dependence on the sensed amount of material.
  • the amount of particulate matter may be sensed by measuring the gas pressure difference across the filter, or alternatively by measuring the electrical load on the generator of electromagnetic radiation, or the electromagnetic field in the chamber.
  • the apparatus includes a substantially cylindrical chamber 1 having upstream and downstream frusto-conical end walls 2 and 3 respectively.
  • the chamber 1 which may be made of stainless-steel, is mounted in-line in the exhaust system of an internal combustion engine, for example a diesel engine, with an exhaust-gas inlet pipe 4 connected to an opening in the centre of the upstream end wall 2 and an exhaust-gas outlet pipe 5 is similarly connected to an opening in the centre of the downstream end wall 3. Exhaust gases flow through the chamber 1 in the direction indicated by the arrows A.
  • a microwave generator 8 in the form of a magnetron is connected via a waveguide 9 to an off-centre aperture in the upstream end wall 2, and is arranged to direct microwave energy, which may be of frequency 2450 MHz, into the chamber 1, to irradiate the upstream face 10 of the filter 6.
  • a screen 11 of ceramic, glass or other low-loss dielectric material, which is substantially transparent to the microwaves, is provided towards that end of the waveguide 9 which is remote from the magnetron 8, to prevent exhaust gases entering the waveguide and damaging the magnetron.
  • the magnetron 8 is connected via a switching unit 12 to an electrical power supply 13.
  • a by-pass exhaust pipe 14 is connected in parallel with the chamber 1 between the exhaust gas inlet pipe 4, at a point just upstream of the chamber, and the exhaust gas outlet pipe 5 at a point just downstream of the chamber.
  • a by-pass valve 15 which is normally closed to prevent exhaust gases flowing through the by-pass pipe 14.
  • a differential pressure transducer 16 Connected to the by-pass pipe 14 on either side of the valve 15 is a differential pressure transducer 16 which senses the difference between the exhaust gas pressures in the chamber 1 on either side of the filter 6.
  • the output of the pressure transducer 16 is connected to a control device 17, which is connected also to the outputs of transducers 18 and 19 for detecting the engine load and speed respectively.
  • Outputs of the control device 17 are connected to the by-pass valve 15, to control opening and closing of the valve, and the magnetron switching unit 12.
  • FIG 2 is a diagrammatic longitudinal cross-­section through a part of the filter 6.
  • the filter 6 is a conventional ceramic honeycomb monolith filter (for example of the type manufactured by Corning and NGK), and consists of a series of parallel channels 20 which extend longitudinally through the filter from the upstream face 10 to the downstream face 22, and which are separated by thin, porous ceramic walls 21.
  • the upstream and downstream ends of the channels 20 are blocked alternately by plugs of high temperature cement 23 so that, as indicated by the arrows A, exhaust gases enter the channels which are open at their upstream ends and pass through the porous walls 21 to leave the filter via the channels which are open at their downstream ends.
  • the pores in the walls 21 are small enough to trap the particles carried by the exhaust gases, and the exhaust gases are therefore filtered by a process of interception, the trapped particulate matter accumulating as a deposit 24 on the walls of those channels 20 which are open at their upstream ends.
  • the filter 6 Since the filter 6 provides a certain amount of resistance to the flow of exhaust gases through it, a pressure difference is created between the upstream and downstream ends of the chamber 1, and is sensed by the differential pressure transducer 16. The magnitude of the pressure difference depends on the engine load, the engine speed, and the amount of particulate matter 24 deposited on the porous walls 19 of the filter 6, the pressure difference increasing as more particulate matter is deposited. Eventually, the back-pressure of exhaust gases created by the increasing resistance to flow caused by deposits of particulate matter in the filter has an adverse effect on the efficiency of the internal combustion engine, and it becomes necessary to regenerate, or clean, the filter.
  • the regeneration process is activated by the control device 17, which compares the output of the pressure transducer 16 with the signals representing the engine speed and the engine load, and from these values assesses the amount of particulate matter in the filter.
  • the control device 17 opens the by-pass valve 15, allowing exhaust gases to pass around the filter 6 (as indicated by the arrows B), and turns the magnetron 8 on.
  • Microwave energy generated by the magnetron 8 is guided by the waveguide 9 through the screen 11 and into the chamber 1 to irradiate the upstream face 10 of the filter 6.
  • the different dielectric properties of the ceramic filter 6 and the trapped particulate matter make them react differently to the incident microwave energy.
  • the ceramic material of the filter 6 is substantially transparent to the microwaves and the microwave energy is therefore able to pass through the filter with little attenuation, producing very little heating effect in the filter.
  • the bipolar molecules of the particulate matter are however excited into vibration by the alternating electric field of the microwaves, and the particulate matter therefore absorbs the microwave energy, becoming heated by it.
  • the microwave energy is absorbed almost entirely by particulate matter in a small region close to that face, the rapid attenuation of the microwave energy by the particulate matter substantially preventing it penetrating further into the filter 6.
  • the actual size of the small region depends on, amongst other things, the concentration of particulate matter in the filter. However, by way of example, with a heavily loaded filter, most of the incident microwave energy may be absorbed by particulate matter within a quarter of the gas path-length from the upstream face of the filter. The particulate matter in that small region is therefore heated rapidly to a very high temperature.
  • the by-pass valve 15 is held open allowing most of the relatively cool exhaust gases to pass through the by-pass pipe 14 without cooling the filter 6. Since the flow path through the filter is not positively closed, some of the exhaust gas will continue to pass through the filter, but the flow-rate through the filter will be very much reduced. This allows the particulate matter in the heated region to reach a temperature of approximately 500 to 600°C, at which temperature a rapid exothermic reaction takes place, in which it combines with oxygen in the small amount of exhaust gas still flowing through the filter, liberating heat and producing relatively harmless carbon dioxide gas which passes through the porous walls 21 of the filter and out of the exhaust system.
  • the microwave energy is able to penetrate further into the filter and this, together with the energy liberated by the exothermic reaction of the particulate material, causes the downstream edge of the hot region to travel through the filter to the downstream face 20.
  • the by-pass valve 15 is at this stage closed, causing all the oxygen-carrying exhaust gases to flow through the filter 6 and producing a forced-convection effect which drives the heated region through the filter.
  • the increased supply of oxygen from the increased flow of exhaust gases encourages the exothermic reaction to proceed more rapidly, liberating heat at a faster rate and thereby causing the temperature to rise still further.
  • the initial temperature of the particulate matter is in excess of approximately 500 to 600°C and there is sufficient free oxygen in the exhaust gases, the oxidisation reaction becomes self-­sustaining, allowing the magnetron to be turned off if desired after the initial heating period, or to be used at reduced power, for example by pulse-width modula­tion.
  • Modulated use of the by-pass valve 15, possibly in conjunction with the magnetron 8, enables the regeneration process to be regulated, preventing damage to the filter 6 from excessive temperatures, and permits extremely rapid regeneration of the filter with the minimum input of energy.
  • Figure 3 shows an alternative arrangement of the apparatus, in which the waveguide 9 is positioned along the longitudinal axis of the chamber 1 and the exhaust inlet pipe 4 is offset so that exhaust gases from the engine 25 enter the chamber through the upstream frusto-conical wall 2.
  • the axial arrangement of the waveguide 9 helps to ensure that the front face 10 of the filter 6 is heated evenly by microwave energy from the magnetron 8.
  • An inlet pipe 26 for ambient air is connected to the exhaust inlet pipe 4 upstream of the point where it enters the chamber 1.
  • the air inlet pipe 26 is provided with a fan 27 and a valve 28 for controlling the flow of air therethrough.
  • the by-pass pipe 14 extends from a point on the exhaust gases inlet pipe 4 upstream of the connection with the air inlet pipe 26 to the outlet pipe 5.
  • a valve 15 is provided at the upstream end of the by-pass pipe 14 to control the flow of exhaust gases through the by-pass.
  • a further valve 29 is provided in the exhaust gas inlet pipe 4 between the connection points of the by-pass pipe 14 and the air inlet pipe 26 for controlling the flow of exhaust gases to the filter 6.
  • the by-pass valve 15 and the air inlet valve 28 are closed and the exhaust inlet valve 29 is open, so that all the exhaust gases flow through the filter 6, trapping ay particulate matter in the gases.
  • the by-pass valve 15 When it is necessary to regenerate the filter, the by-pass valve 15 is opened and the exhaust inlet valve 29 is closed, causing the exhaust gases to by-pass the filter 6, and the magnetron 8 is switched on.
  • the microwave energy irradiates the front face 10 of the filter pre-heating a small zone of the filter adjacent that face.
  • the particulate matter in the small zone adjacent the front face 10 of the filter 6 soon reaches a temperature of 500 - 600°C, at which temperature the air inlet valve 28 is opened and the fan 27 is activated to force ambient air through the filter causing rapid oxidation of the particulate matter.
  • the energy liberated by the exothermic oxidation reaction causes the heated zone to travel rapidly through the filter, regenerating the entire filter.
  • the reaction is made far more predictable and easy to control.
  • the steps of the regeneration process may be modulated as necessary and the preheating and full regeneration steps may be repeated several times before normal operation is recommenced. It is also possible to pump other gases, such as oxygen or nitrogen through the filter to increase or decrease the oxidation rate or to cool the filter.
  • the control device 17 may be designed to activate the regeneration process at predetermined intervals of time or vehicle mileage instead of relying on the output of a pressure transducer.
  • the mass of particulate matter in the filter 6 may be assessed by sensing the electrical load on the magnetron 8, and the regeneration process activated when the mass exceeds a predetermined value. Since the electrical load on the magnetron 8 depends on the dielectric load that is being heated, and the dielectric load is in turn determined largely by the amount of particulate material in the filter 6, by measuring a suitable parameter in the electrical supply to the magnetron the mass of particulate material trapped by the filter can be ascertained. Suitable electrical parameters for measurement include the magnetron power or current consumption.
  • a control circuit for measuring one or more of these parameters may be incorporated in the electrical power supply for the magnetron, and the magnetron may operated periodically or continuously at a very low power level in order to assess the mass of particulate matter in the filter, to determine whether regeneration is necessary.
  • the regeneration process may therefore take place automatically whenever the mass of particulate matter trapped by the filter exceeds a predetermined level.
  • the dielectric load may be ascertained by sensing the electromagnetic field in the chamber, for example by measuring the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) or the reflection coefficient.
  • VSWR voltage standing wave ratio
  • a similar technique may be used to determine when, during the initial heating period, the temperature of the particulate material has reached a sufficiently high temperature for rapid oxidation to take place, indicating that the by-pass valve 15 may be closed to encourage forced-convection.
  • the VSWR, the reflection coefficient or one of the electrical parameters mentioned above is measured and recorded before the heating process is initiated, and is measured again at regular intervals during the heating process. Since the dielectric properties of the particulate matter vary with temperature, by comparing the initial recorded value for the chosen electrical parameter with the values taken during heating, the temperature of the particulate matter can be determined.
  • An electrical circuit for measuring particulate temperature may be incorporated in the control device 17.
  • the apparatus may include different types and shapes of filters.
  • filters instead of a ceramic monolithic filter, a foam or fibre filter, manufactured from a ceramic or other low-loss dielectric material may be used, and the flow of exhaust gases through the filter may be radial instead of axial. In any case, however, it will be the upstream face of the filter which is irradiated to heat particulate matter in a small region adjacent that face.
  • stainless-­steel has good thermal and mechanical stability, for improved electrical efficiency a non-magnetic material of high electrical conductivity such as copper, brass or aluminium may be preferred.
  • the load may be introduced by manufacturing the filter from a slightly “lossy" dielectric material, or by providing a separate terminating load in the chamber 1, downstream of the filter 6.
  • the efficiency of the chamber 1 may be improved by the provision of tuning plates or fins.
  • a continuous circular fin may be attached to the inner surface of the chamber 1 in the vicinity of the upstream face 10 of the filter 6, to ensure that the face is evenly heated right up to the periphery of the face.
  • uniform heating of the front face of the filter may be ensured by embedding small pieces of wire in the filter around its periphery to act as aerials which increase the concentration of microwave energy in their vicinity, or by impregnating parts of the filter with a material that preferentially absorbs microwave energy, so that those parts are heated directly by the microwaves.
  • a mode stirrer device comprising for example a rotating metal plate, may be provided in the chamber or the waveguide to disrupt the microwave field shape, preventing the concentration of microwave energy in any one spot.
  • the mode stirrer device may be mechanically or electrically driven or, if located within the chamber, may be rotated by the flow of gases therethrough.
  • either the filter or the waveguide may be rotated or oscillated during use.
  • the localised heating of a small region of the filter may be enhanced by providing a metallic shield in the filter adjacent its upstream face matrix just downstream of the upstream face 10, to reflect transmitted microwaves back into that region.
  • a shield of this sort may be particularly useful with other types of filter medium, such as a ceramic fibre-mesh filter or a ceramic foam filter.
  • the waveguide 9 should be of suitable size and shape to ensure that the microwaves are transmitted efficiently, but may be straight or curved and, if it is desired to mount the magnetron 8 remotely from the chamber 1, in order to provide insulation from heat or vibration, it may be of considerable length. Alternatively, the waveguide may amount to little more than an extension of the chamber 1.
  • the waveguide 9 may also be adjustable for tuning purposes.
  • a tapered waveguide or applicator may be used to provide a divergent beam of microwaves and, in order to produce more uniform heating, the waveguide may be mounted on the axis of the chamber 1 instead of off-centre. Further, if it is desired to heat different regions of the chamber 1 a split waveguide or more than one microwave source may be provided, which sources may be actuated alternately to reduce power consumption.
  • the waveguide screen 11 may be located at various positions in the waveguide 9.
  • the screen may be positioned adjacent to the magnetron 8, away from the hot exhaust gases.
  • the screen 11 may alternatively be positioned at a microwave nodal point, so that any particulate matter adhering to it is cleaned off during the regeneration process, or at an antinode for maximum waveguide efficiency.
  • the screen may be in the form of a diverging lens, causing the microwaves to spread out as they pass through it.
  • the waveguide 9 may be fitted with a water cooling jacket or with external fins for air cooling.
  • the microwave generator 8 may be a magnetron, klystron or some other device. Although an operating frequency of 2450 MHz is suggested above as microwave generators of that frequency are readily available, any relatively low-frequency electromagnetic radiation may of course be used, either in the R.F. or microwave frequency ranges and having a frequency of less than 1012Hz. Means for cooling the microwave generator may be provided.
  • the by-pass pipe 14 enables very high temperatures to be achieved with a relatively low-powered magnetron, if a higher-powered magnetron is provided the by-pass pipe may be omitted, thereby producing a simpler apparatus.
  • the by-pass valve 15 could be electrically, pneumatically or servo-operated, and could be mechanically latched in either the open or closed position. If it is desired to increase the gas-flow through the filter 6 when the valve 15 is open, a restriction could be permanently provided in the by-pass pipe 14. To provide a further heating effect on the filter 6 the by-pass pipe 14 could be formed as a jacket surrounding the chamber 1.
  • the temperature to which the particulate matter must be heated to produce a rapid, self-sustaining reaction may be reduced to less than 600°C, for example to a temperature in the range 250 to 400°C.
  • two or more filter systems may be provided in parallel, to be regenerated alternately, so that the exhaust gases ar filtered continuously.
  • Ambient air may be used as the oxygen source.
  • a small, non-regenerative filter may be provided in the by-pass pipe 14, or the by-pass pipe 14 could be arranged to allow exhaust gases to by-pass only a part of the filter, for example being reintroduced to the filter mid-way along its length, to ensure that all exhaust gases pass through the filter even when the by-pass is in use.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
  • Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
EP89307864A 1988-08-03 1989-08-02 Appareil et méthode pour éliminer des particules des gaz d'échappement d'un moteur à combustion interne Withdrawn EP0356040A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8818463A GB8818463D0 (en) 1988-08-03 1988-08-03 Apparatus & method for removing particulate matter from exhaust gases of i c engine
GB8818463 1988-08-03

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0356040A2 true EP0356040A2 (fr) 1990-02-28
EP0356040A3 EP0356040A3 (fr) 1990-03-14

Family

ID=10641559

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19890909409 Pending EP0429511A1 (fr) 1988-08-03 1989-08-02 Appareil et procede pour eliminer les matieres particulaires des gaz d'echappement d'un moteur a combustion interne
EP89307864A Withdrawn EP0356040A3 (fr) 1988-08-03 1989-08-02 Appareil et méthode pour éliminer des particules des gaz d'échappement d'un moteur à combustion interne

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19890909409 Pending EP0429511A1 (fr) 1988-08-03 1989-08-02 Appareil et procede pour eliminer les matieres particulaires des gaz d'echappement d'un moteur a combustion interne

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (2) EP0429511A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1040075A (fr)
AU (1) AU4067089A (fr)
GB (2) GB8818463D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1990001618A1 (fr)

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0412345A1 (fr) * 1989-08-08 1991-02-13 Cummins Engine Company, Inc. Système unitaire d'échappement et méthode pour la réduction des émissions de particules des moteurs à combustion interne
EP0465938A2 (fr) * 1990-07-05 1992-01-15 Schwäbische Hüttenwerke Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Filtre d'échappement
FR2809766A1 (fr) * 2000-06-05 2001-12-07 Ct De Rech S En Machines Therm Procede de regeneration d'un filtre a particules et installation de regeneration d'un filtre a particules
WO2003029621A1 (fr) * 2001-10-02 2003-04-10 Litton Systems, Inc. Systeme a micro-ondes pour chauffer le filtre a carbure de silicium dans un systeme d'echappement de moteur diesel
EP1541819A1 (fr) * 2003-12-12 2005-06-15 Nederlandse Organisatie voor toegepast-natuurwetenschappelijk onderzoek TNO Filtre à particules diesel régénéré par micro-ondes
WO2007130896A3 (fr) * 2006-05-01 2008-04-24 Massachusetts Inst Technology Détection hyperfréquence permettant de déterminer la charge de filtres
WO2011159593A2 (fr) * 2010-06-14 2011-12-22 University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. Systèmes de purification d'air à filtre à microondes, procédés d'utilisation et procédés de désinfection et de décontamination
US8384397B2 (en) 2006-05-01 2013-02-26 Filter Sensing Technologies, Inc. Method and system for controlling filter operation
US8384396B2 (en) 2006-05-01 2013-02-26 Filter Sensing Technologies, Inc. System and method for measuring retentate in filters
US10118119B2 (en) 2015-06-08 2018-11-06 Cts Corporation Radio frequency process sensing, control, and diagnostics network and system
US10260400B2 (en) 2015-06-08 2019-04-16 Cts Corporation Radio frequency system and method for monitoring engine-out exhaust constituents
US10309953B2 (en) 2014-10-20 2019-06-04 Cts Corporation Filter retentate analysis and diagnostics
US10425170B2 (en) 2014-06-06 2019-09-24 Cts Corporation Radio frequency process sensing, control, and diagnostics network
US10799826B2 (en) 2015-06-08 2020-10-13 Cts Corporation Radio frequency process sensing, control, and diagnostics network and system
US11215102B2 (en) 2018-01-16 2022-01-04 Cts Corporation Radio frequency sensor system incorporating machine learning system and method
US11255799B2 (en) 2014-06-06 2022-02-22 Cts Corporation Radio frequency state variable measurement system and method
CN114215630A (zh) * 2021-12-17 2022-03-22 同济大学 一种混合动力汽油车的尾气排放控制方法

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2738251B2 (ja) * 1993-01-20 1998-04-08 松下電器産業株式会社 内燃機関用フィルタ再生装置
CN1312384C (zh) * 2004-07-08 2007-04-25 上海交通大学 柴油机排气碳烟微粒过滤装置
US7975469B2 (en) * 2007-05-15 2011-07-12 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Electrically heated particulate filter restart strategy
CN100419228C (zh) * 2007-06-18 2008-09-17 湖南大学 一种消减柴油机微粒物质排放的方法及其装置
US7806956B2 (en) * 2007-08-09 2010-10-05 Cummins Filtration Ip, Inc. Tuning particulate filter performance through selective plugging and use of multiple particulate filters to reduce emissions and improve thermal robustness
US9140159B2 (en) * 2007-09-18 2015-09-22 Eugene V. Gonze High exhaust temperature, zoned, electrically-heated particulate matter filter
CN102852598A (zh) * 2011-06-29 2013-01-02 南京辉虎环保科技有限公司 附微波之引擎排气滤芯
EP3274071B1 (fr) * 2015-03-27 2023-05-24 Koninklijke Philips N.V. Protection d'un capteur optique de particules de dépôts de particules avec thermoporèse
JP7167863B2 (ja) * 2019-06-21 2022-11-09 トヨタ自動車株式会社 内燃機関の制御装置
WO2021157746A1 (fr) * 2020-02-07 2021-08-12 日本碍子株式会社 Structure en nid d'abeilles, et dispositif de purification de gaz d'échappement

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2080140A (en) * 1980-06-28 1982-02-03 Mann & Hummel Filter Apparatus for removing soot from exhaust gases
JPS59141708A (ja) * 1983-02-01 1984-08-14 Nippon Denso Co Ltd 微粒子浄化装置
US4662911A (en) * 1982-03-18 1987-05-05 Nippondenso Co., Ltd. Equipment for trapping particulates in engine exhaust gas
EP0244061A1 (fr) * 1986-02-28 1987-11-04 Porous Element Technology Limited Dispositif pour l'élimination d'une matière particulaire dans un gaz
EP0266932A1 (fr) * 1986-10-20 1988-05-11 Ford Motor Company Limited Système d'allumage électrique pour la régénération d'un piège à particules

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2080140A (en) * 1980-06-28 1982-02-03 Mann & Hummel Filter Apparatus for removing soot from exhaust gases
US4662911A (en) * 1982-03-18 1987-05-05 Nippondenso Co., Ltd. Equipment for trapping particulates in engine exhaust gas
JPS59141708A (ja) * 1983-02-01 1984-08-14 Nippon Denso Co Ltd 微粒子浄化装置
EP0244061A1 (fr) * 1986-02-28 1987-11-04 Porous Element Technology Limited Dispositif pour l'élimination d'une matière particulaire dans un gaz
EP0266932A1 (fr) * 1986-10-20 1988-05-11 Ford Motor Company Limited Système d'allumage électrique pour la régénération d'un piège à particules

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 8, no. 270 (M-344)(1707) 11 December 1984, & JP-A-59 141 708 (NIPPON DENSO K.K.) 14 August 1984 *

Cited By (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0412345A1 (fr) * 1989-08-08 1991-02-13 Cummins Engine Company, Inc. Système unitaire d'échappement et méthode pour la réduction des émissions de particules des moteurs à combustion interne
US5052178A (en) * 1989-08-08 1991-10-01 Cummins Engine Company, Inc. Unitary hybrid exhaust system and method for reducing particulate emmissions from internal combustion engines
EP0465938A2 (fr) * 1990-07-05 1992-01-15 Schwäbische Hüttenwerke Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Filtre d'échappement
EP0465938A3 (en) * 1990-07-05 1992-01-29 Schwaebische Huettenwerke Gesellschaft Mit Beschraenkter Haftung Exhaust filter
FR2809766A1 (fr) * 2000-06-05 2001-12-07 Ct De Rech S En Machines Therm Procede de regeneration d'un filtre a particules et installation de regeneration d'un filtre a particules
WO2003029621A1 (fr) * 2001-10-02 2003-04-10 Litton Systems, Inc. Systeme a micro-ondes pour chauffer le filtre a carbure de silicium dans un systeme d'echappement de moteur diesel
EP1541819A1 (fr) * 2003-12-12 2005-06-15 Nederlandse Organisatie voor toegepast-natuurwetenschappelijk onderzoek TNO Filtre à particules diesel régénéré par micro-ondes
WO2005056989A1 (fr) * 2003-12-12 2005-06-23 Nederlandse Organisatie Voor Toegepast- Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek Tno Filtre a suies autonettoyant par combustion destine a un moteur a combustion interne
US8384397B2 (en) 2006-05-01 2013-02-26 Filter Sensing Technologies, Inc. Method and system for controlling filter operation
WO2007130896A3 (fr) * 2006-05-01 2008-04-24 Massachusetts Inst Technology Détection hyperfréquence permettant de déterminer la charge de filtres
US8384396B2 (en) 2006-05-01 2013-02-26 Filter Sensing Technologies, Inc. System and method for measuring retentate in filters
US9400297B2 (en) 2006-05-01 2016-07-26 Cts Corporation System and method for measuring retentate in filters
US9399185B2 (en) 2006-05-01 2016-07-26 Cts Corporation Method and system for controlling filter operation
US7679374B2 (en) 2006-05-01 2010-03-16 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Microwave sensing for determination of loading of filters
WO2011159593A2 (fr) * 2010-06-14 2011-12-22 University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. Systèmes de purification d'air à filtre à microondes, procédés d'utilisation et procédés de désinfection et de décontamination
WO2011159593A3 (fr) * 2010-06-14 2012-04-19 University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. Systèmes de purification d'air à filtre à microondes, procédés d'utilisation et procédés de désinfection et de décontamination
US11255799B2 (en) 2014-06-06 2022-02-22 Cts Corporation Radio frequency state variable measurement system and method
US11543365B2 (en) 2014-06-06 2023-01-03 Cts Corporation Radio frequency state variable measurement system and method
US10425170B2 (en) 2014-06-06 2019-09-24 Cts Corporation Radio frequency process sensing, control, and diagnostics network
US10309953B2 (en) 2014-10-20 2019-06-04 Cts Corporation Filter retentate analysis and diagnostics
US10260400B2 (en) 2015-06-08 2019-04-16 Cts Corporation Radio frequency system and method for monitoring engine-out exhaust constituents
US10799826B2 (en) 2015-06-08 2020-10-13 Cts Corporation Radio frequency process sensing, control, and diagnostics network and system
US10118119B2 (en) 2015-06-08 2018-11-06 Cts Corporation Radio frequency process sensing, control, and diagnostics network and system
US11215102B2 (en) 2018-01-16 2022-01-04 Cts Corporation Radio frequency sensor system incorporating machine learning system and method
CN114215630A (zh) * 2021-12-17 2022-03-22 同济大学 一种混合动力汽油车的尾气排放控制方法
CN114215630B (zh) * 2021-12-17 2022-10-25 同济大学 一种混合动力汽油车的尾气排放控制方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2239408A (en) 1991-07-03
GB8818463D0 (en) 1988-09-07
AU4067089A (en) 1990-03-05
EP0356040A3 (fr) 1990-03-14
CN1040075A (zh) 1990-02-28
WO1990001618A1 (fr) 1990-02-22
GB9101782D0 (en) 1991-04-10
EP0429511A1 (fr) 1991-06-05

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0356040A2 (fr) Appareil et méthode pour éliminer des particules des gaz d'échappement d'un moteur à combustion interne
JP5163695B2 (ja) 内燃機関の排気浄化装置
US6709489B2 (en) Microwave regenerated diesel particulate trap
US7513921B1 (en) Exhaust gas filter apparatus capable of regeneration of a particulate filter and method
JPH11336534A (ja) 内燃機関の誘導発熱式浄化装置
US7655065B2 (en) Hydrocarbon-enhanced particulate filter regeneration via microwave ignition
US6854261B2 (en) Self-mode-stirred microwave heating for a particulate trap
US6908498B2 (en) Carbon-concentrated microwave regenerated diesel particulate trap
US7691339B2 (en) Catalyst temperature control via microwave-induced particle oxidation
JP2553735B2 (ja) ディーゼル排ガス浄化装置
JPS59128911A (ja) デイ−ゼルエンジンの排気微粒子浄化装置
JP3600582B2 (ja) エンジン排ガスの処理方法およびその装置
JP2819848B2 (ja) 内燃機関用フィルタ再生装置
JPH07139331A (ja) 内燃機関用フィルタ再生装置
EP1189679A1 (fr) Ionisant pour effluents gazeux
EP1541819A1 (fr) Filtre à particules diesel régénéré par micro-ondes
JP2715629B2 (ja) ディーゼル排ガス浄化装置
JPH04179817A (ja) 内燃機関用フィルタ再生装置
JPH04301125A (ja) 内燃機関用フィルタ再生装置
JPH08240116A (ja) 高周波加熱排ガス浄化装置
JPH05141220A (ja) 高周波加熱排ガス浄化装置
JPH0783022A (ja) 内燃機関用フィルタ再生装置
JPH0530964B2 (fr)
JPH04112912A (ja) 内燃機関用フィルタ再生装置
JP2856016B2 (ja) 内燃機関用フィルタ再生装置

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

PUAL Search report despatched

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): ES GR

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A3

Designated state(s): ES GR

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19900829

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19920316

XX Miscellaneous

Free format text: VERBUNDEN MIT 89909409.8/0429511 (EUROPAEISCHE ANMELDENUMMER/VEROEFFENTLICHUNGSNUMMER) DURCH ENTSCHEIDUNG VOM 03.04.92.

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN

18D Application deemed to be withdrawn

Effective date: 19920929