EP0352620B1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Regelung der Feuerungsleistung von Verbrennungsanlagen - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Regelung der Feuerungsleistung von Verbrennungsanlagen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0352620B1
EP0352620B1 EP89113259A EP89113259A EP0352620B1 EP 0352620 B1 EP0352620 B1 EP 0352620B1 EP 89113259 A EP89113259 A EP 89113259A EP 89113259 A EP89113259 A EP 89113259A EP 0352620 B1 EP0352620 B1 EP 0352620B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion
grate
zones
individual
primary air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89113259A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0352620A2 (de
EP0352620A3 (de
Inventor
Johannes Josef Edmund Martin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Martin GmbH fuer Umwelt und Energietechnik
Original Assignee
Martin GmbH fuer Umwelt und Energietechnik
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Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Martin GmbH fuer Umwelt und Energietechnik filed Critical Martin GmbH fuer Umwelt und Energietechnik
Publication of EP0352620A2 publication Critical patent/EP0352620A2/de
Publication of EP0352620A3 publication Critical patent/EP0352620A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/10—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using thermocouples
    • F23N5/102—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using thermocouples using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
    • F23N1/022—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/08—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using light-sensitive elements
    • F23N5/082—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using light-sensitive elements using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2229/00—Flame sensors
    • F23N2229/20—Camera viewing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2233/00—Ventilators
    • F23N2233/06—Ventilators at the air intake
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2235/00—Valves, nozzles or pumps
    • F23N2235/02—Air or combustion gas valves or dampers
    • F23N2235/06—Air or combustion gas valves or dampers at the air intake
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2237/00—Controlling
    • F23N2237/02—Controlling two or more burners

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for controlling the fire output of combustion systems with a combustion grate, in which the primary air supply is regulated differently zone by zone over the grate length.
  • the invention also relates to an apparatus for performing the method.
  • the combustion process on a combustion grate is different over the length of the grate.
  • the fuel is dried and ignited near the task.
  • the fuel burns intensively, the intensity of which decreases towards the end of the grate, until shortly before the end of the grate only burned-out and cooled slag remains, which falls into an appropriately designed discharge. Due to these different phases, which the fuel passes along the grate, it is necessary to regulate the primary air supply differently. So far, this has been done by providing sub-wind zones which are divided in the longitudinal direction of the grate and to which different amounts of air are supplied in order to take account of the different combustion phases.
  • the regulation of the primary air supply to the individual underwind zones is carried out according to pre-calculated distribution curves and can also be adapted to the prevailing conditions by observing the fire bed. It is also known to regulate the fire output control as a function of the O 2 moisture content measured in the combustion gases and / or the combustion chamber temperature and / or the steam mass flow. Here, too, you have to rely on a mathematically and empirically obtained distribution of the primary air volume in relation to the individual downwind zones.
  • a disadvantage of this type of fire performance control is the fact that the setting and distribution of the primary air based on the grate width was based on an average value of the fuel quality and that no consideration was given to different fuel qualities and fuel quantities based on the width. The consequence of this are locally different combustion behavior and changing excess air figures, which conflict with the attempt to achieve a uniform temperature profile in the combustion chamber of the incineration plant. This can have an adverse effect not only on the thermal behavior (efficiency), but also on the emission of harmful gases.
  • EP-A 0 317 731 which claims an older priority but is not prepublished, describes a method for controlling the combustion of fuel with a strongly fluctuating calorific value, in which the primary air is supplied differently not only in the longitudinal direction but also in the transverse direction.
  • the water quantity measured in the evaporation and degassing zone serves as the guiding variable for the control of individual parameters, and is retained as the main variable for all parameters along the entire grate, with further measurements at other points, e.g. temperature and gas radiation, only being used for fine correction.
  • a disadvantage of this method is the fact that the basic variable for the control of the individual parameters influencing the combustion is recorded in a range which is largely, but not exclusively, influenced by the water content emitted by the fuel.
  • this basic variable determined in this way which is determined in the front area of the incineration plant, is used as the main variable for all subsequent combustion zones, even if a subsequent correction is carried out in the subsequent combustion zones.
  • JP-A-61-36612 discloses monitoring the state of combustion on the firing grate by means of a television camera, the television camera having the task of extracting that region of the state of combustion which is in the wave region of the color blue and in the shorter region, where in this area the temperature of the combustion air, which is fed to the grate from below, is then reduced.
  • the position and area of a combustion area with an abnormal temperature is determined on the basis of image information, after which the temperature is reduced only to that combustion air which is supplied to this area in order to prevent fire damage and high levels of toxic gas NO x from an abnormally high temperature.
  • the primary air volume is set by a known control unit C. However, no further details are available.
  • JP-A-36611 it is known to regulate the air quantities for the individual combustion zones, the feed speed of the fuel of different quality and the grate speed depending on the steam mass flow generated for a uniform heat and steam generation.
  • a television camera is provided which observes the displacement of the Ausbrandalia that primarily by the feed rate and the changing quality depends of the fuel.
  • the feed speed and the air volume for the individual zones are affected. Their regulation therefore depends on the steam mass flow generated and on the shift in the burnout limit. Different fuel qualities and amounts of fuel in the transverse direction of the combustion grate are not taken into account.
  • the object of the invention is to improve the fire performance control in such a way that, regardless of the fuel quality and amount of fuel present in each case, an optimal combustion behavior and thus lower emission values, i.e. a lower environmental impact and the highest possible constant thermal efficiency, that is to say a uniform one Steam production.
  • the primary air supply is also regulated differently in zones, in the transverse direction of the combustion grate, in order to achieve a uniformly optimal temperature profile in the combustion of fuels with locally different combustion behavior, and in that the individual combustion zones are monitored and the primary air quantities are supplied to the individual combustion zones in accordance with the combustion behavior of the fuel, as determined by the thermography camera, in the respective zones.
  • thermographic camera The use of a thermographic camera is known from JP-A-59-52105.
  • an incinerator with a fluidized bed in which inert material is converted into a fluidized state by air supply, fuel being introduced into this bed and ignited.
  • separately operable areas of the fluidized bed are switched off or re-ignited. These areas which can be switched off separately are observed by means of the thermography camera, on the one hand to avoid excessive cooling of the switched-off area of the fluidized bed below the ignition temperature for restarting, and on the other hand to prevent the area of the fluidized bed from being too high. There is no locally different combustion behavior due to the fuel material.
  • the device for carrying out the method with a combustion grate in which the primary air supply takes place via underwind zones divided in the longitudinal direction of the combustion grate, is characterized in that the underwind zones are also divided in the transverse direction of the combustion grate in that a thermographic camera for recording the combustion behavior of the fuel via the individual combustion zones assigned to the respective underwind zones are provided and that control devices are provided for the individual dimensioning of the air supply to the individual underwind zones in the longitudinal and transverse directions.
  • thermography camera is preferably connected to a monitor and a freely programmable computer, which resolves the received image into individual image lines and pixels and predefines the digital values thus obtained, which represent a measure of the combustion bed temperature in the respective combustion zone Compares standard values and triggers a corresponding control process in the event of a deviation.
  • This type of monitoring is particularly advantageous because the monitoring can be directed to each individual point on the combustion grate, which enables extremely sensitive control.
  • FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a combustion grate, which is designated overall by 1.
  • a feed chute 2 is provided above a feed table 3, on which charging pistons 4 are provided for conveying the fuel onto the combustion grate 1.
  • the fuel is ignited on this, burned in the further course and finally the slag is discharged at the grate end by means of a slag chute 5, which opens into a discharge device, not shown.
  • the combustion chamber above the combustion grate 1 is designated 6.
  • the combustion air is supplied as primary air by means of a blower 7 via a channel designated 8 to an underwind distributor generally designated 9.
  • individual air supply pipes denoted overall by 10
  • individual underwind zones 11 to 15 which are not only divided in the longitudinal direction of the combustion grate according to FIG. 1, but also, as can be seen from FIG. 2, divided into individual underwind zones in the transverse direction of the combustion grate and with the letters a and b are designated.
  • the duct system 10 has a correspondingly large number of air supply pipes 16, in which the air throughput can be regulated by means of regulating devices which are shown schematically and provided with the reference number 17. This measure divides the combustion grate into individual combustion zones that correspond to the underwind zones. This makes it possible to regulate each individual combustion zone in accordance with the combustion behavior of the fuel there.
  • thermography camera In order to be able to carry out such a regulation, a thermography camera is required to monitor the combustion behavior on the combustion grate.
  • FIG. 3 shows the arrangement of a thermography camera 18 which is provided in the ceiling 19 of the accelerator cable 20.
  • the thermography camera 18 is oriented so that it can observe the combustion grate 1 from above through the combustion chamber 6. It is connected to a monitor 21 and to a freely programmable computer 22, which accordingly resolves the received image and compares the digital values thus obtained, which represent a measure of the brightness in the respective combustion zone, with predetermined guide values and, in the event of a deviation, a corresponding control process triggers a controller 23 which adjusts the control devices, which are designed as flaps or slides 17, in the air distribution tubes 16.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Control Of Combustion (AREA)
EP89113259A 1988-07-29 1989-07-19 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Regelung der Feuerungsleistung von Verbrennungsanlagen Expired - Lifetime EP0352620B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3825931A DE3825931A1 (de) 1988-07-29 1988-07-29 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur regelung der feuerungsleistung von verbrennungsanlagen
DE3825931 1988-07-29

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0352620A2 EP0352620A2 (de) 1990-01-31
EP0352620A3 EP0352620A3 (de) 1990-11-22
EP0352620B1 true EP0352620B1 (de) 1996-11-06

Family

ID=6359911

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89113259A Expired - Lifetime EP0352620B1 (de) 1988-07-29 1989-07-19 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Regelung der Feuerungsleistung von Verbrennungsanlagen

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US4953477A (ja)
EP (1) EP0352620B1 (ja)
JP (1) JP2703808B2 (ja)
BR (1) BR8903837A (ja)
CA (1) CA1323801C (ja)
DE (1) DE3825931A1 (ja)
DK (1) DK172041B1 (ja)
ES (1) ES2012438T3 (ja)
SG (1) SG47789A1 (ja)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SG101488A1 (en) * 2000-10-12 2004-01-30 Martin Umwelt & Energietech Process for incinerating waste products

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DE3930231A1 (de) * 1989-09-11 1991-03-14 Foppe Werner Verfahren zur direkten beobachtung von druckverbrennungsvorgaengen in der tiefsee zur brennstrahl-simulation von stoechiometrisch verbrennendem wasserstoff/sauerstoff in unter hohem druck stehender gesteinsschmelze
FR2661733B1 (fr) * 1990-05-04 1992-08-14 Perin Freres Ets Procede et dispositif de controle et de commande de la combustion d'un combustible solide qui se deplace en nappe dans un foyer.
US5139412A (en) * 1990-05-08 1992-08-18 Weyerhaeuser Company Method and apparatus for profiling the bed of a furnace
DE4220149C2 (de) * 1992-06-19 2002-06-13 Steinmueller Gmbh L & C Verfahren zum Regelung der Verbrennung von Müll auf einem Rost einer Feuerungsanlage und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
US5249954A (en) * 1992-07-07 1993-10-05 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. Integrated imaging sensor/neural network controller for combustion systems
AT402555B (de) * 1992-09-04 1997-06-25 August Dr Raggam Verbrennungseinrichtung
SG47890A1 (en) * 1993-04-20 1998-04-17 Martin Umwelt & Energietech Method for burning fuels particularly for incinerating garbage
NL9301826A (nl) * 1993-10-21 1995-05-16 Burnham Europa Bv Branderinrichting met regeling van de lucht/brandstof-verhouding en werkwijze voor het regelen van de lucht/brandstof-verhouding.
DE4344906C2 (de) * 1993-12-29 1997-04-24 Martin Umwelt & Energietech Verfahren zum Regeln einzelner oder sämtlicher die Verbrennung auf einem Feuerungsrost beeinflussender Faktoren
DE4404418C2 (de) * 1994-02-11 1997-10-23 Martin Umwelt & Energietech Verfahren zum Verbrennen von Brenngut, insbesondere Müll
DE4428159C2 (de) * 1994-08-09 1998-04-09 Martin Umwelt & Energietech Verfahren zur Regelung der Feuerung bei Verbrennungsanlagen, insbesondere Abfallverbrennungsanlagen
DE4445954A1 (de) 1994-12-22 1996-06-27 Abb Management Ag Verfahren zur Verbrennung von Abfällen
EP0766080A1 (en) * 1995-09-29 1997-04-02 FINMECCANICA S.p.A. AZIENDA ANSALDO System and method for monitoring combustion and pollutants by means of laser diodes
DE19615141A1 (de) * 1996-04-17 1997-10-23 Bfi Automation Gmbh Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Steuerung eines Verbrennungsprozesses in einem Kessel
TW352346B (en) * 1997-05-29 1999-02-11 Ebara Corp Method and device for controlling operation of melting furnace
US7007616B2 (en) * 1998-08-21 2006-03-07 Nathaniel Energy Corporation Oxygen-based biomass combustion system and method
US20010027737A1 (en) * 1998-08-21 2001-10-11 Stan E. Abrams Gasifier system and method
DE19917572A1 (de) 1999-04-19 2000-10-26 Abb Alstom Power Ch Ag Verfahren zur automatischen Einstellung der Feuerung einer Müllverbrennungsanlage
DE19919222C1 (de) 1999-04-28 2001-01-11 Orfeus Comb Engineering Gmbh Verfahren zum Steuern der Verbrennung von Brennstoff mit variablem Heizwert
US20050066865A1 (en) * 2000-02-28 2005-03-31 Van Kessel Lambertus Bernardus Maria System for continuous thermal combustion of matter, such as waste matter
DE10327471B3 (de) * 2003-06-18 2005-04-07 Sar Elektronic Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Regeln der Feuerleistung von Verbrennungsanlagen
SE527375C2 (sv) * 2004-10-14 2006-02-21 Sture Lindstroem Rost och brännare innefattande en sådan rost
NL1027661C2 (nl) * 2004-12-06 2006-06-07 Nem Energy Services B V Luchtregeling.
IT1395108B1 (it) * 2009-07-28 2012-09-05 Itea Spa Caldaia
FR3048278A1 (fr) * 2016-02-25 2017-09-01 La Bonne Chauffe Dispositif de regulation continue de la puissance d'un systeme de chauffage et procede associe
US10928066B2 (en) * 2019-02-13 2021-02-23 Eco Burn Inc. System and method for the advanced control of nitrogen oxides in waste to energy systems
DE102020000980A1 (de) * 2020-02-14 2021-08-19 Martin GmbH für Umwelt- und Energietechnik Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Feuerungsanlage
CN111947463B (zh) * 2020-08-11 2022-06-14 中冶长天国际工程有限责任公司 一种烧结机料面图像分析系统及方法

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SG101488A1 (en) * 2000-10-12 2004-01-30 Martin Umwelt & Energietech Process for incinerating waste products

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK172041B1 (da) 1997-09-22
DE3825931A1 (de) 1990-02-01
DE3825931C2 (ja) 1991-02-21
ES2012438T3 (es) 1996-12-16
EP0352620A2 (de) 1990-01-31
SG47789A1 (en) 1998-04-17
CA1323801C (en) 1993-11-02
US4953477A (en) 1990-09-04
EP0352620A3 (de) 1990-11-22
JPH0278819A (ja) 1990-03-19
BR8903837A (pt) 1990-03-20
JP2703808B2 (ja) 1998-01-26
DK374489A (da) 1990-01-30
ES2012438A4 (es) 1990-04-01
DK374489D0 (da) 1989-07-28

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