EP0347176B2 - Nichtkationisches, Tensid enthaltendes, sanftes Seidenpapier - Google Patents

Nichtkationisches, Tensid enthaltendes, sanftes Seidenpapier Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0347176B2
EP0347176B2 EP89305970A EP89305970A EP0347176B2 EP 0347176 B2 EP0347176 B2 EP 0347176B2 EP 89305970 A EP89305970 A EP 89305970A EP 89305970 A EP89305970 A EP 89305970A EP 0347176 B2 EP0347176 B2 EP 0347176B2
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Prior art keywords
tissue paper
starch
surfactant
noncationic
noncationic surfactant
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French (fr)
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EP0347176A2 (de
EP0347176B1 (de
EP0347176A3 (de
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Wolfgang Ulrich Spendel
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Procter and Gamble Co
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Procter and Gamble Co
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Priority claimed from US07/280,119 external-priority patent/US4959125A/en
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Priority to AT89305970T priority Critical patent/ATE104005T1/de
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F5/00—Dryer section of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
    • D21H23/02—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper characterised by the manner in which substances are added
    • D21H23/22—Addition to the formed paper
    • D21H23/50—Spraying or projecting
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
    • D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
    • D21H17/21—Macromolecular organic compounds of natural origin; Derivatives thereof
    • D21H17/24—Polysaccharides
    • D21H17/28—Starch
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
    • D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
    • D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D21H17/46—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D21H17/59—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon

Definitions

  • This invention relates, in general, to tissue paper; and more specifically, to high bulk tissue paper having an enhanced tactile sense of softness.
  • Soft tissue paper is generally preferred for disposable paper towels, and facial and toilet tissues.
  • known methods and means for enhancing softness of tissue paper generally adversely affect tensile strength.
  • Tissue paper product design is, therefore, generally, an exercise in balancing softness against tensile strength.
  • tissue paper which is perceived by users, through their tactile sense, to be soft.
  • a well known mechanical method of increasing tensile strength of paper made from cellulosic pulp is by mechanically refining the pulp prior to papermaking. In general, greater refining results in greater tensile strength.
  • tissue tensile strength and softness increased mechanical refining of cellulosic pulp negatively impacts tissue paper softness, all other aspects of the papermaking furnish and process being unchanged.
  • Patent 4,158,594, Becker et al, issued January 19, 1979 and Armak Company, of Chicago, Illinois, in their bulletin 76-17 (1977) have proposed the application of cationic debonders subsequent to sheet formation.
  • cationic debonders in general have certain disadvantages associated with their use in tissue paper softening applications.
  • some low molecular weight cationic debonders may cause excessive irritation upon contact with human skin.
  • Higher molecular weight cationic debonders may be more difficult to apply in low levels to tissue paper, and also tend to have undesirable hydrophobic effects upon the tissue paper.
  • tissue with a noncationic surfactant results in significant improvement in the tissue paper's tensile/softness relationship relative to traditional methods of increasing softness. That is, the noncationic surfactant treatment of the present invention greatly enhances tissue softness, and any accompanying decrease in tensile strength can be offset by traditional methods of increasing tensile strength such as increased mechanical refining. It has further been discovered that the addition of an effective amount of a binder, such as starch, will at least partially offset any reduction in tensile strength and/or increase in linting propensity that results from the noncationic surfactant.
  • a binder such as starch
  • While the present invention relates to improving the softness of paper in general, it pertains in particular to improving the tactile perceivable softness of high bulk, creped tissue paper.
  • Representative high bulk, creped tissue papers which are quite soft by contemporary standards, and which are susceptible to softness enhancement through the present invention are disclosed in the following U.S. Patents: 3,301,746, Sanford and Sisson, issued January 31, 1967: 3,974,025, Ayers, issued August 10, 1976; 3,994,771 Morgan Jr. et al, issued November 30, 1976; 4.191,609, Trokhan, issued March 4, 1980 and 4,637,859, Trokhan: issued January 20, 1987.
  • Each of these papers is characterized by a pattern of dense areas: areas more dense than their respective remainders, such dense areas resulting from being compacted during papermaking as by the crossover knuckles of imprinting carrier fabrics.
  • Other high bulk, soft tissue papers are disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,300,981, Carstens, issued November 17, 1981: and 4,440,597, Wells et al, issued April 3. 1984. Additionally, achieving high bulk tissue paper through the avoidance of overall compaction prior to final drying is disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,821,068, Shaw, issued June 28, 1974; and avoidance of overall compaction in combination with the use of debonders and elastomeric bonders in the papermaking furnish is disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,812,000, Salvucci Jr., issued May 21, 1974.
  • tissue paper having a basis weignt of from about 10 to about 65 g/m 2 , fiber density of about 0.6 g/cc or less, and which comprises an effective amount of a noncationic surfactant additive to effect enhanced softness.
  • the noncationic surfactant is added at a content of more than 0.05 % based on the dry fiber weight of the tissue paper.
  • the noncationic surfactant is applied to a wet tissue web.
  • the tissue paper comprises from more than 0.05 % to about 2 percent of the noncationic surfactant additive, based on the dry fiber weight of the tissue paper; and, more preferably, the amount of such an additive is from more than 0.05 to about 1.0 percent.
  • noncationic surfactant treatment of the tissue paper at the preferred noncationic surfactant levels discussed above is the high level of tactile softness, at a given tensile strength, relative to conventional methods for increasing softness, such as decreasing the level of mechanical refining. That is, the addition of the noncationic surfactant makes it possible to provide soft tissue paper at the desired tensile strength by, for example, maintaining or increasing the level of mechanical refining and excluding the addition of cationic thermosetting resin.
  • Noncationic surfactants which are suitable for use in the present invention include anionic, nonionic, ampholytic and zwitterionic surfactants.
  • the noncationic surfactant is a nonionic surfactant, with nonionic alkylglycosides being especially preferred.
  • the surfactant is substantially nonmigratory in situ after the tissue paper has been manufactured in order to substantially obviate post-manufacturing changes in the tissue paper's properties which might otherwise result from the inclusion of surfactant. This may be achieved, for instance, through the use of noncationic surfactants having melt temperatures greater than the temperatures commonly encountered during storage, shipping, merchandising, and use of tissue paper product embodiments of the invention: for example, melt temperatures of about 50°C or higher.
  • Tissue paper comprising a noncationic surfactant in accordance with the present invention may further comprise an effective amount of a binder material such as starch to offset any increase in linting propensity or reduction of tensile strength, which would otherwise result from the incorporation of the surfactant material.
  • a binder material such as starch
  • the binder material is added to a wet tissue web.
  • a particularly preferred tissue paper embodiment of the present invention comprises from more than 0.05 to about 1.0 percent of a nonionic surfactant material; and from about 0.1 to about 1.0 percent starch, all quantities of these additives being on a dry fiber weight basis of the tissue paper.
  • the present invention provides tissue paper having an enhanced softness through the incorporation of a noncationic surfactant additive.
  • Any reduction in tensile strength of the tissue paper resulting from the addition of the noncationic surfactant can be offset by conventional methods of increasing tensile strength, such as increased mechanical refining, thereby yielding a softer paper at a given tensile strength.
  • Such tissue paper may further include an effective amount of a binder material such as starch to offset any exacerbation of linting propensity and/or reduction of tissue paper tensile strength which may be precipitated by the addition of the noncationic surfactant.
  • the combination of surfactant and starch treatments has been found to provide greater softness benefits for a given tensile strength level than the softness benefits obtained by treatment with the noncationic surfactant alone. This is totally unexpected because the isolated effect of the binder treatment is to increase strength and consequently decrease softness of the tissue paper.
  • tissue paper embodiments of the present invention are generally characterized as being within a tri-parametric domain defined by empirically determined ranges of the following parameters: first, the ratio of their Total Flexibility to their Total Strength; second, their Physiological Surface Smoothness; and third, their Slip-And-Stick Coefficient of Friction.
  • tests conducted in accordance with the following procedures defined by the present invention's tri-parametric domain as: a ratio of Total Flexibility to Total Tensile Strength of about 0.13 or less; Physiological Surface Smoothness of about 0.95 or less; and a Slip-and-Stick Coefficient of Friction of about 0.033 or less for pattern densified tissue papers, and about 0.038 or less for tissue paper embodiments having substantially uniform densities.
  • a ratio of Total Flexibility to Total Tensile Strength of about 0.13 or less
  • Physiological Surface Smoothness of about 0.95 or less
  • a Slip-and-Stick Coefficient of Friction of about 0.033 or less for pattern densified tissue papers, and about 0.038 or less for tissue paper embodiments having substantially uniform densities.
  • Flexibility as used herein is defined as the slope of the secant of the graph-curve derived from force vs. stretch % data which secant passes through the origin (zero % stretch, zero force) and through the point on the graph-curve where the force per centimeter of width is 20 grams.
  • Total Flexibility as used herein means the geometric mean of the machine-direction flexibility and cross-machine-direction flexibility. Mathematically, this is the square root of the product of the machine-direction flexibility and cross-machine-direction flexibility in grams per cm.
  • Total tensile strength as used herein means the geometric mean of the machine and cross-machine breaking strengths in grams per cm of sample width. Mathematically, this is the square root of the product of the machine and cross-machine direction breaking strengths in grams per cm of sample width.
  • the ratio of Total Flexibility to Total Tensile Strength has been determined to be a factor which characterizes embodiments of the invention as being strong yet having high bulk softness. This ratio is hereby dubbed the WABY Factor.
  • WABY Factor Total Flexibility Total Tensile Strength For instance, a sample having a Total Flexibility of 20 g/cm, and a Total Tensile Strength of 154 g/cm has a WABY Factor of 0.13.
  • tactile perceivable softness of tissue paper is inversely related to its WABY Factor; and limited empirical data indicate that tissue paper embodiments of the present invention have WABY Factors of about 0.13 or less. Also, note that the WABY Factor is dimensionless because both Flexibility and Total Tensile Strength as defined above are in g/cm, their ratio is dimensionless.
  • Physiological surface smoothness as used herein is a factor (hereinafter the PSS Factor) derived from scanning machine-direction tissue paper samples with a profilometer (described below) having a diamond stylus, the profilometer being installed in a surface-test apparatus such as, for example, Surface Tester KES-FB-4 which is available from KATO TECH CO., LTD., Karato-Cho, Nishikiyo, Minami-Ku, Koyota, Japan.
  • a sample of tissue is mounted on a motorized drum, and a stylus is gravitationally biased towards the drum at the 12 o'clock position. The drum is rotated to provide a sample velocity of one (1) millimeter per second, and moves the sample 2 cm. with respect to the probe.
  • the probe scans a 2 cm length of the sample.
  • the profilometer comprises means for counterbalancing the stylus to provide a normal force of 270 mg.
  • the instrument senses the up and down displacements (in mm) of the stylus as a 2 cm length of sample is scanned under the profilometer probe.
  • the resulting stylus-amplitude vs. stylus-distance-scanned data are digitized, and then converted to a stylus-amplitude vs. frequency spectrum by performing a Fourier Transform using the Proc Spectra standard program available from SAS Institute Inc., Post Office Box 10066, Raleigh, North Carolina 27605.
  • Verrillo This identifies spectral components in the sample's topography; and the frequency spectral data are then adjusted for human tactile responsiveness as quantified and reported by Verrillo (Ronald T. Verrillo, "Effect of Contractor Area on the Vibrotactile Threshold", The Journal of the Accoustical Society of America, 35 , 1962 (1963)).
  • Verrillo's data are in the time domain (i.e., cycles per second)
  • physiological surface smoothness is related to finger-to-sample velocity
  • Verrillo-type data are converted to a spatial domain (i.e., cycles per millimeter) using 65 mm/sec as a standard finger-to-sample velocity factor.
  • PSS Factor is the area under the Verrillo-adjusted frequency (cycles/mm) vs. stylus amplitude curve between zero (0) and ten (10) cycles per millimeter.
  • PSS Factors are average values derived from scanning multiple samples (e.g., ten samples), both forward and backward.
  • the profilometer described above comprises, more specifically, a Gould Surfanalyzer Equipment Controller #21-1330-20428, Probe #21-3100-465, Diamond stylus tip (0.0127 mm radius) #21-0120-00 and stylus tip extender #22-0129-00 all available from Federal Products, Lexington, RI.
  • the profilometer probe assembly is fitted with a counterbalance, and set up as depicted in Figure 22 of United States patent 4,300,981 (referenced hereinbefore).
  • S&S COF Slip-and-stick coefficient of friction
  • noncationic surfactant treated tissue papers having enhanced tactile responsiveness includes but is not limited to: conventionally felt-pressed tissue paper; pattern densified tissue paper such as exemplified by Sanford-Sisson and its progeny; and high bulk, uncompacted tissue paper such as exemplified by Salvucci.
  • the tissue paper may be of a homogenous or multilayered construction; and tissue paper products made therefrom may be of a single-ply or multi-ply construction.
  • the tissue paper preferably has a basis weight of between about 10 g/m 2 and about 65 g/m 2 , and density of about 0.60 g/cc or less.
  • basis weight will be below about 35 g/m 2 or less; and density will be about 0.30 g/cc or less.
  • density will be between about 0.04 g/cc and about 0.20 g/cc.
  • Papermaking fibers which may be utilized for the present invention include fibers derived from wood pulp.
  • Other cellulosic fibrous pulp fibers such as cotton linters, bagasse, etc., can be utilized and are intended to be within the scope of this invention.
  • Synthetic fibers such as rayon, polyethylene and polypropylene fibers, may also be utilized in combination with natural cellulosic fibers.
  • One exemplary polyethylene fiber which may be utilized is PulpexTM, available from Hercules, Inc. (Wilmington, Delaware).
  • Applicable wood pulps include chemical pulps made by the Kraft, sulfite, and sulfate processes; and mechanical pulps including for example, groundwood, thermomechanical pulp and chemically modified thermomechanical pulp. Chemical pulps, however, are preferred since they impart a superior tactile perceivable softness to tissue sheets made therefrom. Pulps may be utilized which are derived from both deciduous trees which are sometimes referred to as "hardwood”; and coniferous trees which are sometimes referred to as "softwood”.
  • the papermaking furnish used to make tissue paper structures may have other components or materials added thereto: for example, wet-strength and temporary wet-strength resins.
  • noncationic surfactants which are suitable for use in the present invention include anionic, nonionic, ampholytic, and zwitterionic surfactants. Mixtures of these surfactants can also be used.
  • noncationic surfactants shall include all of such types of surfactants.
  • the preferred noncationic surfactants are anionic and nonionic surfactants, with nonionic surfactants being most preferred.
  • the noncationic surfactants preferably have alkyl chains containing eight or more carbon atoms.
  • Suitable nonionic surfactants are generally disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,929,678, Laughlin et al, issued December 30, 1975, at column 13, line 14 through column 16, line 6, incorporated herein by reference.
  • Classes of useful nonionic surfactants include:
  • Anionic surfactants suitable for use in the present invention are generally disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,929,678, Laughlin et al, issued December 30, 1975, at column 23, line 58 through column 29, line 23, incorporated herein by reference.
  • Classes of useful anionic surfactants include:
  • Ampholytic surfactants can be broadly described as aliphatic derivatives of secondary or tertiary amines, or aliphatic derivatives of heterocyclic secondary and tertiary amines in which the aliphatic radical can be straight or branched chain and wherein one of the aliphatic substituents contains from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms and at least one of the aliphatic substituents contains an anionic water-solubilizing group, e.g., carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate. See U.S. Patent 3,929,678, Laughlin et al, issued December 30, 1975, column 19, line 38 through column 22, line 48, incorporated herein by reference, for examples of ampholytic surfactants useful herein.
  • Zwitterionic surfactants can be broadly described as derivatives of secondary and tertiary amines, derivatives of heterocyclic secondary and tertiary amines, or derivatives of quaternary ammonium, quaternary phosphonium or tertiary sulfonium compounds. See U.S. Patent 3,929,678, Laughlin et al, issued December 30, 1975, column 19, line 38 through column 22, line 48, incorporated herein by reference, for example of zwitterionic surfactants useful herein.
  • noncationic surfactants are in fact intended to be merely exemplary in nature, and are not meant to limit the scope of the invention. Additional noncationic surfactants useful in the present invention and listings of their commercial sources can be found in McCutcheon's Detergents and Emulsifiers, North American Ed. pages 312-317 (1987), incorporated herein by references.
  • the noncationic surfactant can be applied to tissue paper as it is being made on a papermaking machine or thereafter: either while it is wet (i.e., prior to final drying) or dry (i.e., after final drying).
  • tissue paper as it is being made on a papermaking machine or thereafter: either while it is wet (i.e., prior to final drying) or dry (i.e., after final drying).
  • greater softness benefits are obtained by addition of the noncationic surfactant to a wet web.
  • addition of the noncationic surfactant to a wet web allows the surfactant to interact with the tissue before the bonding structure has been completely set, resulting in a softer tissue paper than obtained by treating a dry tissue web with a noncationic surfactant.
  • an aqueous mixture containing the noncationic surfactant is sprayed onto the tissue paper as it courses through the papermaking machine: for example, and not by way of limitation, referring to a papermaking machine of the general configuration disclosed in Sanford-Sisson (referenced hereinbefore), either before the predryer, or after the predryer. Addition of the noncationic surfactant to the wet end of the I paper machine (i.e., the paper furnish) is impractical due to low retention levels of the surfactant and excessive foaming.
  • the noncationic surfactant is preferably applied subsequent to formation of the wet web and prior to drying to completion.
  • the web is formed and then dewatered prior to application of the noncationic surfactant in order to reduce the loss of noncationic surfactant due to drainage of free water.
  • the noncationic surfactant is preferably, applied to the wet web at a fiber consistency levels of between 10% and about 80%, more preferably between about 15% and about 35%, in the manufacture of conventionally pressed tissue paper; and to a wet web having a fiber consistency of between about 20% and about 35% in the manufacture of tissue paper in papermaking machines wherein the newly formed web is transferred from a fine mesh Fourdrinier to a relatively coarse imprinting/carrier fabric.
  • Method of applying the noncationic surfactant to the web include spraying and gravure printing.
  • Spraying has been found to be economical, and susceptible to accurate control over quantity and distribution of noncationic surfactant, so is most preferred.
  • Other methods which are less preferred include deposition of the noncationic surfactant onto a forming wire or fabric which is then contacted by the tissue web; and incorporation of the noncationic surfactant into the furnish prior to web formation.
  • Equipment suitable for spraying noncationic surfactant containing liquids onto wet webs include external mix, air atomizing nozzles such as the 2 mm nozzle available from V.I.B. Systems, Inc., Tucker, Georgia.
  • Equipment suitable for printing noncationic surfactant containing liquids onto wet webs includes rotogravure printers.
  • the noncationic surfactant should be applied uniformly to the wet tissue paper web so that substantially the entire sheet benefits from the tactile effect of noncationic surfactant. Applying the noncationic surfactant to the wet tissue web in continuous and patterned distributions are both within the scope of the invention and meet the above criteria.
  • Noncationic surfactant can applied to dry paper webs by the same methods previously discussed with respect to wet paper web noncationic surfactant treatments.
  • the noncationic surfactant is substantially nonmigratory in situ after the tissue paper has been manufactured in order to substantially obviate post-manufacturing changes in the tissue paper's properties which might otherwise result from the inclusion of noncationic surfactant.
  • This may be achieved, for instance, through the use of noncationic surfactants having melt temperatures greater than the temperatures commonly encountered during storage, shipping, merchandising, and use of tissue paper product embodiments of the invention: for example, melt temperatures of about 50°C or higher.
  • the noncationic surfactant is preferably water-soluble when applied to the wet web.
  • tissue paper treated with noncationic surfactant in accordance with the present invention comprises about 2% or less noncationic surfactant. It is an unexpected benefit of this invention that tissue paper treated with about 2% or less noncationic surfactant can have imparted thereto substantial softness by such a low level of noncationic surfactant.
  • the level of noncationic surfactant applied to tissue paper to provide the aforementioned softness/tensile benefit ranges from more than 0.05% to about 2% noncationic surfactant retained by the tissue paper, more preferably, from more than 0.05% to about 1.0% based on the dry fiber weight of the tissue paper.
  • tissue paper is treated with a relatively low level of a binder for lint control and/or to increase tensile strength.
  • binder refers to the various wet and dry strength additives known in the art. Starch has been found to be the preferred binder for use in the present invention.
  • the tissue paper is treated with an aqueous solution of starch and, also preferably, the sheet is moist at the time of application.
  • tissue paper having improved strength/softness relationship compared to tissue paper wnich has been strengthened by traditional methods of increasing tensile strength: for example, sheets having increased tensile strength due to increased refining of the pulp; or through the addition of other dry strength additives.
  • suitable starch for practicing the present invention is characterized by water solubility, and hydrophilicity.
  • Exemplary starch materials include corn starch and potato starch, albeit it is not intended to thereby limit the scope of suitable starch materials; and waxy corn starch that is known industrially as amioca starch is particularly preferred.
  • Amioca starch differs from common corn starch in that it is entirely amylopectin, whereas common corn starch contains both amplopectin and amylose.
  • Various unique characteristics of amioca starch are further described in "Amioca - The Starch From Waxy Corn", H. H. Schopmeyer, Food Industries, December 1945, pp. 106-108 (Vol. pp. 1476-1478).
  • the starch can be in granular or dispersed form, albeit granular form is preferred.
  • the starch is preferably sufficiently cooked to induce swelling of the granules. More preferably, the starch granules are swollen, as by cooking, to a point just prior to dispersion of the starch granule. Such highly swollen starch granules shall be referred to as being "fully cooked.”
  • the conditions for dispersion in general can vary depending upon the size of the starch granules, the degree of crystallinity of the granules, and the amount of amylose present.
  • Fully cooked amioca starch for example, can be prepared by heating an aqueous slurry of about 4% consistency of starch granules at about 190°F (about 88°C) for between about 30 and about 40 minutes.
  • modified starch materials which may be used include modified cationic starches such as those modified to have nitrogen containing groups such as amino groups and methylol groups attached to nitrogen, available from National Starch and Chemical Company, (Bridgewater, New Jersey).
  • modified starch materials have heretofore been used primarily as a pulp furnish additive to increase wet and/or dry strength. However when applied in accordance with this invention by application to a wet tissue paper web they may have reduced effect on wet strength relative to wet-end addition of the same modified starch materials. Considering that such modified starch materials are more expensive that unmodified starches, the latter have generally been preferred.
  • the starch should be applied to the tissue paper while the paper is in a moist condition.
  • the starch based material is added to the tissue paper web, preferably when the web has a fiber consistency of about 80% or less.
  • Noncationic starch materials are sufficiently retained in the web to provide an observable effect on softness at a particular strength level relative to increased refining; and, are preferably applied to wet tissue webs having fiber consistencies between about 10% and about 80%, more preferably, between about 15% and 35%.
  • Starch is preferably applied to tissue paper webs in an aqueous solution. Methods of application include, the same previously described with reference to application of noncationic surfactant: preferably by spraying; and, less preferably, by printing. The starch may be applied to the tissue paper web simultaneously with, prior to, or subsequent to the addition of noncationic surfactant.
  • At least an effective amount of starch to provide lint control and concomitant strength increase upon drying relative to a non-starch treated but otherwise identical sheet is preferably applied to the sheet.
  • the level of nonionic surfactants, such as alkylglycosides, retained by the tissue paper can be determined by extraction in an organic solvent followed by gas chromatography to determine the level of surfactant in the extract;
  • the level of anionic surfactants, such as linear alkyl sulfonates can be determined by water extraction followed by colorimetry analysis of the extract;
  • the level of starch can be determined by amylase digestion of the starch to glucose followed by colorimetry analysis to determine glucose level.
  • Hydrophilicity of tissue paper refers, in general, to the propensity of the tissue paper to be wetted with water. Hydrophilicity of tissue paper may be somewhat quantified by determining the period of time required for dry tissue paper to become completely wetted with water. This period of time is referred to as "wetting time.”
  • wetting time the following procedure may be used for wetting time determinations: first, a dry (greater than 90% fiber consistency level) sample unit sheet, approximately 4-3/8 inch x 4-3/4 inch (about 11.1 cm x 12 cm) of tissue paper structure is provided; second, the sheet is folded into four (4) juxtaposed quarters, and then crumpled into a ball approximately 0.75 inches (about 1.9 cm) to about 1 inch (about 2.5 cm) in diameter; third, the balled sheet is placed on the surface of a body of distilled water at 72°F (about 22°C), and a timer is simultaneously started; fourth, the timer is stopped and read when wetting of the balled
  • tissue paper used in a variety of applications, e.g., toilet paper, to completely wet in a relatively short period of time to prevent clogging once the toilet is flushed.
  • wetting time is 2 minutes or less. More preferably, wetting time is 30 seconds or less. Most preferably, wetting time is 10 seconds or less.
  • Hydrophilicity characters of tissue paper embodiments of the present invention may, of course, be determined immediately after manufacture. However, substantial increases in hydrophobicity may occur during the first two weeks after the tissue paper is made: i.e., after the paper has aged two (2) weeks following its manufacture. Thus, the above stated wetting times are preferably measured at the end of such two week period. Accordingly, wetting times measured at the end of a two week aging period at room temperature are referred to as "two week wetting times.”
  • the density of tissue paper is the average density calculated as the basis weight of that paper divided by the caliper, with the appropriate unit conversions incorporated therein.
  • Caliper of the tissue paper is the thickness of the paper when subjected to a compressive load of 95 g/in 2 (15.5 g/cm 2 ).
  • the purpose of this example is to illustrate one method that can be used to make soft tissue paper sheets treated with a noncationic surfactant in accordance with the present invention.
  • a pilot scale Fourdrinier papermaking machine is used in the practice of the present invention.
  • the paper machine has a layered headbox having a top chamber, a center chamber, and a bottom chamber. Where applicable as indicated in the following examples, the procedure described below also applies to such later examples. Briefly, a first fibrous slurry comprised primarily of short papermaking fibers is pumped through the top and bottom headbox chambers and, simultaneously, a second fibrous slurry comprised primarily of long papermaking fibers is pumped through the center headbox chamber and delivered in superposed relation onto the Fourdrinier wire to form thereon a three-layer embryonic web.
  • the level of mechanical refining of the second fibrous slurry (composed of long papermaking fibers) is increased to offset any tensile strength loss due to the noncationic surfactant treatment.
  • the first slurry has a fiber consistency of about 0.11% and its fibrous content is Eucalyptus Hardwood Kraft.
  • the second slurry has a fiber consistency of about 0.15% and its fibrous content is Northern Software Kraft.
  • Dewatering occurs through the Fourdrinier wire is assisted by a deflector and vacuum boxes.
  • the Fourdrinier wire is of a 5-shed, satin weave configuration having 87 machine-direction and 76 cross-machine-direction mono-filaments per inch, respectively.
  • the embryonic wet web is transferred from the Fourdrinier wire, at a fiber consistency of about 22% at the point of transfer, to a carrier fabric having a 5-shed satin weave , 35 machine-direction and 33 cross-machine-direction monofilaments per inch,respectively.
  • the non-fabric side of the web is sprayed with an aqueous solution containing a noncationic surfactant, further described below, by a 2 mm spray nozzle located directly opposite a vacuum dewatering box.
  • the sprayed web is carried on the carrier fabric past the vacuum dewatering box, through blow-through predryers after which the web is transferred onto a Yankee dryer.
  • the other process and machine conditions are listed below.
  • the fiber consistency is about 27% after the vacuum dewatering box and, by the action of the predryers, about 65% prior to transfer onto the Yankee dryer; creping adhesive comprising a 0.25% aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol is spray applied by applicators; the fiber consistency is increased to an estimated 99% before dry creping the web with a doctor blade.
  • the doctor blade has a bevel angle of about 24 degrees and is positioned with respect to the Yankee dryer to provide an impact angle of about 83 degrees; the Yankee dryer is operated at about 350°F (177°C); the Yankee dryer is operated at about 800 fpm (feet per minute) (about 244 meters per minute).
  • the dry creped web is then passed between two calender rolls.
  • the two calender rolls are biased together at roll weight and operated at surface speeds of 660 fpm (about 201 meters per minute).
  • the aqueous solution sprayed through the spray nozzle onto the wet web contains CrodestaTM SL-40 an alkyl glycoside polyester nonionic surfactant.
  • the concentration of the nonionic surfactant in the aqueous solution is adjusted until about 0.15%, based upon the weight of the dry fibers, is retained on the web.
  • the volumetric flow rate of the aqueous solution through the nozzle is about 3 gal./hr.-cross-direction ft (about 37 liters/hr-meter).
  • the retention rate of the nonionic surfactant applied to the web in general, is about 90%.
  • the resulting tissue paper has a basis weight of 30g/m 2 , a density of .10g/cc, and contains 0.15% by weight, of the alkyl glycoside polyester nonionic surfactant.
  • the resulting tissue paper is highly wettable and has enhanced tactile softness.
  • the purpose of this example is to illustrate one method that can be used to make soft tissue paper sheets wherein the tissue paper is treated with noncationic surfactant and starch.
  • a 3-layer paper sheet is produced in accordance with the hereinbefore described process of Example I.
  • the tissue web is, in addition to being treated with a noncationic surfactant as described above, also treated with fully cooked amioca starch prepared as described in the specification.
  • the starch is applied simultaneously with the noncationic surfactant as part of the aqueous solution sprayed through the papermachine spray nozzle. Concentration of the starch in the aqueous solution is adjusted so that the level of amioca starch retained is about 0.2%, based upon the weight of the dry fibers.
  • the resulting tissue paper has a basis weight of 30g/m 2 , a density of .10g/cc, and contains 0.15% by weight of CrodestaTM SL-40 nonionic surfactant and 0.2% by weight of the cooked amioca starch.
  • the result is a soft tissue sheet having enhanced softness and strength, and lower propensity for lint than the sheet treated only with the noncationic surfactant.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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  • Sanitary Thin Papers (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Tissue-Papier mit einem Flächengewicht von 10 bis 65 Gramm pro Quadratmeter und einer Dichte von nicht mehr als 0,6 Gramm pro Kubikzentimeter, und aufweisend, eine verbesserte weichere Fühlbarkeit, mit einer verhältnissmäßig hohen Reißfestigkeit im Vergleich zu durch herkömmliche Verfahren weichgemachten Tissue-Papieren, wobei das genannte Tissue-Papier Zellulosenfasern und mindestens 0,01 % nichtkationisches Tensid bezogen auf das Trockenfasergewicht des genannten Tissue-Papiers enthält, wobei das genannte nichtkationische Tensid auf das nasse Tissue-Bahn aufgebracht wurde.
  2. Tissue-Papier nach Anspruch 1, enthaltend 0,01 % bis 2,0 % nichtkationisches Tensid, bezogen auf das Trockenfasergewicht des genannten Tissue-Papiers.
  3. Tissue-Papier nach einem der Ansprüche 1 und 2, enthaltend 0,05 % bis 1,0 % nichtkationisches Tensid, bezogen auf das Trockenfasergewicht des genannten Tissue-Papiers.
  4. Tissue-Papier nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, bei welchem das genannte nichtkationische Tensid ausgewählt ist aus anionischen Tensiden, nichtionischen Tensiden und Mischungen derselben.
  5. Tissue-Papier nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, bei welchem das genannte Tensid ein Alkylglycosid ist.
  6. Tissue-Papier nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, bei welchem das genannte nichtkationische Tensid einen Schmelzpunkt von mindestens 50°C aufweist.
  7. Tissue-Papier nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, das außerdem eine wirksame Menge eines Bindemittels enthält, um mindestens teilweise jede Herabsetzung der Reißfestigkeit oder Steigerung der Neigung zur Fusselbildung des genannten Tissue-Papiers, welche sonst durch die Einfügung des genannten nichtionischen Tensids entstünden, zu kompensieren.
  8. Tissue-Papier nach Anspruch 7, bei welchem das genannte Bindemittel Stärke, vorzugsweise Amioca-Stärke, ist.
  9. Tissue-Papier nach Anspruch 8, bei welchem die wirksame Menge der genannten Stärke 0,01 bis 2,0 %, vorzugsweise 0,1 % bis 1,0 %, bezogen auf das Trockenfasergewicht des genannten Tissue-Papiers, beträgt.
  10. Tissue-Papier nach einem der Ansprüche 8 und 9, bei welchem die genannte Stärke auf eine nasse Tissue-Bahn aufgebracht wurde.
EP89305970A 1988-06-14 1989-06-13 Nichtkationisches, Tensid enthaltendes, sanftes Seidenpapier Expired - Lifetime EP0347176B2 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT89305970T ATE104005T1 (de) 1988-06-14 1989-06-13 Nichtkationisches, tensid enthaltendes, sanftes seidenpapier.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US20662188A 1988-06-14 1988-06-14
US206621 1988-06-14
US07/280,119 US4959125A (en) 1988-12-05 1988-12-05 Soft tissue paper containing noncationic surfactant
US280119 1988-12-05

Publications (4)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0347176A2 EP0347176A2 (de) 1989-12-20
EP0347176A3 EP0347176A3 (de) 1991-05-02
EP0347176B1 EP0347176B1 (de) 1994-04-06
EP0347176B2 true EP0347176B2 (de) 1997-07-02

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EP (1) EP0347176B2 (de)
JP (1) JP2837180B2 (de)
KR (1) KR100209384B1 (de)
AU (1) AU634964B2 (de)
BR (1) BR8902849A (de)
CA (1) CA1328035C (de)
DE (1) DE68914338T3 (de)
ES (1) ES2050802T5 (de)
GR (1) GR3024877T3 (de)
MX (1) MX167010B (de)
NZ (1) NZ229551A (de)

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US6949168B2 (en) 2002-11-27 2005-09-27 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Soft paper product including beneficial agents
US6951598B2 (en) 2002-11-06 2005-10-04 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Hydrophobically modified cationic acrylate copolymer/polysiloxane blends and use in tissue
US6964725B2 (en) 2002-11-06 2005-11-15 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Soft tissue products containing selectively treated fibers
US6977026B2 (en) 2002-10-16 2005-12-20 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Method for applying softening compositions to a tissue product
US7029756B2 (en) 2002-11-06 2006-04-18 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Soft tissue hydrophilic tissue products containing polysiloxane and having unique absorbent properties
US7396593B2 (en) 2003-05-19 2008-07-08 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Single ply tissue products surface treated with a softening agent
US7794565B2 (en) 2002-11-06 2010-09-14 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Method of making low slough tissue products
US12203220B2 (en) 2019-05-20 2025-01-21 Ecolab Usa Inc. Formulation for size press applications

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US5302249A (en) * 1990-01-25 1994-04-12 Xerox Corporation Treated papers
US5487813A (en) * 1994-12-02 1996-01-30 The Procter & Gamble Company Strong and soft creped tissue paper and process for making the same by use of biodegradable crepe facilitating compositions
US5624532A (en) * 1995-02-15 1997-04-29 The Procter & Gamble Company Method for enhancing the bulk softness of tissue paper and product therefrom
US6309509B1 (en) * 1996-10-11 2001-10-30 Eastman Chemical Company Composition and paper comprising cellulose ester, alkylpolyglycosides, and cellulose
DE19711452A1 (de) * 1997-03-19 1998-09-24 Sca Hygiene Paper Gmbh Feuchtigkeitsregulatoren enthaltende Zusammensetzung für Tissueprodukte, Verfahren zur Herstellung dieser Produkte, Verwendung der Zusammensetzung für die Behandlung von Tissueprodukten sowie Tissueprodukte in Form von wetlaid einschließlich TAD oder Airlaid (non-woven) auf Basis überwiegend Cellulosefasern enthaltender flächiger Trägermaterialien
JP3537692B2 (ja) * 1998-01-13 2004-06-14 花王株式会社 紙用嵩高剤
US6193841B1 (en) 1998-11-30 2001-02-27 Eastman Chemical Company Shaped, plastic articles comprising a cellulose fiber, a cellulose ester, and a non-ionic surfactant
US6860967B2 (en) 2001-01-19 2005-03-01 Sca Hygiene Products Gmbh Tissue paper penetrated with softening lotion
US6905697B2 (en) 2001-01-19 2005-06-14 Sca Hygiene Products Gmbh Lotioned fibrous web having a short water absorption time
JP4200476B2 (ja) * 2002-05-22 2008-12-24 星光Ｐｍｃ株式会社 家庭用薄葉紙用柔軟剤、それを使用した製紙方法、及び家庭用薄葉紙
US6994770B2 (en) 2002-12-20 2006-02-07 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Strength additives for tissue products
US7147751B2 (en) 2002-12-20 2006-12-12 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Wiping products having a low coefficient of friction in the wet state and process for producing same
JP4753544B2 (ja) * 2004-03-31 2011-08-24 大王製紙株式会社 ティシュペーパー及びティシュペーパーの製造方法
JP4892302B2 (ja) * 2006-08-30 2012-03-07 大王製紙株式会社 柔軟性薄葉紙およびその製造方法
EP2287396B1 (de) 2008-03-31 2016-03-23 Nippon Paper Industries Co., Ltd. Tissuepapier für haushaltszwecke
JP5570714B2 (ja) * 2008-09-30 2014-08-13 大王製紙株式会社 ペーパータオル及びペーパータオルの製造方法
FI125713B (fi) * 2010-10-01 2016-01-15 Upm Kymmene Corp Menetelmä märän paperirainan ajettavuuden parantamiseksi ja paperi
JP7384117B2 (ja) * 2020-06-15 2023-11-21 王子ホールディングス株式会社 書籍用紙およびその製造方法

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US3755220A (en) * 1971-10-13 1973-08-28 Scott Paper Co Cellulosic sheet material having a thermosetting resin bonder and a surfactant debonder and method for producing same
US4351699A (en) * 1980-10-15 1982-09-28 The Procter & Gamble Company Soft, absorbent tissue paper
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US4488932A (en) * 1982-08-18 1984-12-18 James River-Dixie/Northern, Inc. Fibrous webs of enhanced bulk and method of manufacturing same
DE3416043C2 (de) * 1984-04-30 1986-12-04 Akzo Gmbh, 5600 Wuppertal Verwendung von Carbonsäureestern oder Polyäthern bei der Herstellung von Papier, insbesondere von trocken- oder naßgekreppten Papieren

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6977026B2 (en) 2002-10-16 2005-12-20 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Method for applying softening compositions to a tissue product
US6951598B2 (en) 2002-11-06 2005-10-04 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Hydrophobically modified cationic acrylate copolymer/polysiloxane blends and use in tissue
US6964725B2 (en) 2002-11-06 2005-11-15 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Soft tissue products containing selectively treated fibers
US7029756B2 (en) 2002-11-06 2006-04-18 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Soft tissue hydrophilic tissue products containing polysiloxane and having unique absorbent properties
US7794565B2 (en) 2002-11-06 2010-09-14 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Method of making low slough tissue products
US6949168B2 (en) 2002-11-27 2005-09-27 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Soft paper product including beneficial agents
US7101460B2 (en) 2002-11-27 2006-09-05 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Soft paper product including beneficial agents
US7396593B2 (en) 2003-05-19 2008-07-08 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Single ply tissue products surface treated with a softening agent
US12203220B2 (en) 2019-05-20 2025-01-21 Ecolab Usa Inc. Formulation for size press applications

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH0299690A (ja) 1990-04-11
NZ229551A (en) 1992-01-29
EP0347176A2 (de) 1989-12-20
KR910001170A (ko) 1991-01-30
EP0347176B1 (de) 1994-04-06
ES2050802T5 (es) 1997-10-01
AU634964B2 (en) 1993-03-11
MX167010B (es) 1993-02-22
DE68914338D1 (de) 1994-05-11
GR3024877T3 (en) 1998-01-30
JP2837180B2 (ja) 1998-12-14
ES2050802T3 (es) 1994-06-01
BR8902849A (pt) 1990-09-25
EP0347176A3 (de) 1991-05-02
DE68914338T3 (de) 1998-02-05
KR100209384B1 (ko) 1999-07-15
CA1328035C (en) 1994-03-29
AU3636889A (en) 1989-12-21
DE68914338T2 (de) 1994-08-18

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