EP0346278B1 - Seed-moistening machine - Google Patents

Seed-moistening machine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0346278B1
EP0346278B1 EP89810398A EP89810398A EP0346278B1 EP 0346278 B1 EP0346278 B1 EP 0346278B1 EP 89810398 A EP89810398 A EP 89810398A EP 89810398 A EP89810398 A EP 89810398A EP 0346278 B1 EP0346278 B1 EP 0346278B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
spray chamber
screw
conveyor
atomizer
seeds
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP89810398A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0346278A1 (en
Inventor
Alan Mccracken
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Novartis AG
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Ciba Geigy AG
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Priority to AT89810398T priority Critical patent/ATE72723T1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02B—PREPARING GRAIN FOR MILLING; REFINING GRANULAR FRUIT TO COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS BY WORKING THE SURFACE
    • B02B1/00—Preparing grain for milling or like processes
    • B02B1/04—Wet treatment, e.g. washing, wetting, softening
    • B02B1/06—Devices with rotary parts
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • seeds are chemically treated to protect them against fungal attack, insects, putrefaction or the like.
  • the seeds are uniformly wetted with a liquid which contains the required active ingredient in suitable devices.
  • the even distribution of the active ingredient is important, because both too high and too low a concentration endangers the seed, on the one hand through the active ingredient itself and on the other hand through the lack of effect. For this reason, a constant flow of the seed is first ensured, for example with vibrating sieves on a conveyor belt. The evenly distributed material is then wetted with the active ingredient on the conveyor belt. It is also possible to wet the seeds in a shaft during the fall.
  • DE-A-3,239,867 describes a device for dressing dehaired seeds, according to the first part of claim 1, in which the seeds are combined into one treatment room in one treatment room by the centrifugal effect of a rotary centrifugal disk which is part of a metering device uniform veil is distributed. Immediately below that Grain spinner plate is arranged a spray plate, which finely distributes the liquid pickling agent in this veil. Due to the inherent movement of the depilated seed in this spray mist, the surface of each seed is wetted relatively evenly.
  • US-A-3,155,542 describes a cotton seed dressing device.
  • the cotton seeds are introduced into a treatment chamber via a vertically arranged screw conveyor. There they fall onto a rotating centrifugal cone that throws the cotton seeds outwards against the chamber wall.
  • a rotating spray disc is arranged below the centrifugal cone, which creates a fine mist of pickling agent. When falling, the cotton seeds pass through this mist, wetting their surface.
  • a spatula-like arm is arranged as a chicane to the left and right of the screw conveyor, which arm protrudes in the screw conveyor and is intended to separate the clumped cotton seeds. In this way, larger lumps are crushed, but the not completely hairless cotton seeds cannot be separated.
  • Special machines are used for wetting and dressing non-depilated cotton seeds.
  • a vertical filler tube leads into a truncated cone, the lower end of which opens into a wider tube which forms the spray chamber.
  • the metering of the material flow is controlled by changing the distance between the plate and the end piece of the filler pipe, that is to say by adjusting the height of the plate.
  • the liquid active ingredient is fed.
  • the rotation of the plates should result in a fine, droplet-like distribution of the liquid in the spray room.
  • the seed is transported by a screw conveyor into a chamber, where it is also mechanically mixed in order to distribute the moisture more evenly over the surface of all seeds.
  • a major problem in the arrangement described is the material flow, which is difficult to control. A slight lowering of the rotating discs already leads to the separation of clumped cotton seeds. The spraying process is also unsatisfactory, since in free fall the cotton seeds are not sprayed evenly from all sides. In addition, too much wetting liquid gets on the walls of the spray tube and is therefore lost.
  • the mechanical baffle prevents material from being conveyed outside the screw flights.
  • the screw conveyors ensure a uniform and steady flow of material to the spray room.
  • the mixing and conveying device formed by the combination of screw conveyor (s) and agitator shaft (s) represents an optimal solution in terms of compactness and effectiveness.
  • FIG. 1 the structure of the entire device is clear.
  • a filling opening 1 lies above the feed and metering device 2, which opens into the spray chamber 4.
  • Under the spray chamber 4 is the mixing and delivery space 10, from which the seed is conveyed to the outlet 11.
  • the feed and metering device 2 is formed by a horizontal screw conveyor consisting of a housing 37 and four screw conveyors 12-15. Above the screw conveyors 12-15 there is the filling opening 1 at its entrance. On the output side, the screw ends end above the opening 9 forming the entrance to the spray chamber 4. Between the openings 1 and 9, the screw conveyors 12-15 are formed by a constriction formed by a baffle 22 guided. At the filling opening 1, outside of the housing 37, gearwheels 40-43 interlocking on the shafts of the screw conveyors 12-15. They transmit the driving forces, the shaft 15 being driven by an electric motor 3 via a toothed belt 39. A gear 38 with adjustable gear ratio translates the speed of rotation of the motor 3 to the desired level. A handwheel 44 is used for regulation.
  • a value of 18 mm has been selected for the depth t (FIG. 4) of the screw conveyors 12-15 in the present exemplary embodiment of the device.
  • the clumped seeds are then separated very well. At the same time, a high flow rate is achieved. Depths between approx. 10 mm and 30 mm are generally appropriate. That is about two to six times the size of a cotton seed. Values up to 50 mm can also be used will. In addition, the disintegration of the clumped seeds and thus the even distribution of the active ingredients is no longer guaranteed.
  • the chicane 22 in the housing 37 Equally essential for the separation of clumped seeds is the chicane 22 in the housing 37.
  • the incisions between the conveyor screws or between a conveyor screw and the wall of the housing 37 are also covered in a comb shape.
  • the purpose of the baffle 22 is essentially to allow conveying only within the screw conveyors.
  • the shape of the chicane 22 is not critical.
  • the combs can follow the contours of the waves roughly in a semicircle so that the distance to the snail shoulders is constant. In this case, a distance of less than 5 times the size of a grain - about 20 mm for cotton - is well suited.
  • the housing 37 closely follows the contours of the screws 12-15 over the entire length, so that no seed residues form on the housing walls during operation. This reduces cleaning work to a minimum.
  • the screw conveyors 12-15 end above the opening 9 to the spray chamber 4.
  • the two middle screws 13, 14 are shorter, as a result of which a uniform distribution over the cross section of the spray chamber 4 is achieved.
  • Two plates 45, 46 guide the seed from the edge of the screw conveyor to the center in the opening 9.
  • the housing of the spray chamber 4 is formed by a vertically standing hollow cylinder.
  • the spray head 16 of a portable spraying device from MICRONAIR AERIAL LTD, model AU7000, is arranged in its center under a conical hood 23 and a short cylinder piece 48.
  • the hood 23, cylinder piece 48 and spray head 16 are fastened to an assembly door 7 via an obliquely rising pipe section 49. Through this pipe section 49 drive shaft 28 and feed line 27 of the spray led into the spray chamber 4 to the spray head 16.
  • a fan 18 in the spray head 16 receives its intake air through this pipe section from an air inlet 29.
  • a rotary cage atomizer 17 with two concentric cylindrical cages is arranged at the bottom on a vertical hollow axis.
  • the outer cage consists of a fine wire mesh (hole size 1 mm2), the inner cage is formed by a perforated sheet.
  • the fan 18 sits above it on the same axis.
  • the atomizer 17 and fan 18 are driven together by a motor 5 arranged outside the chamber 4 via a toothed belt 19 and drive shaft 28.
  • scrapers 8 run over the inside of the spray chamber wall and scrape residues from the wall in the spray area of the atomizer 17.
  • the scrapers 8 are fastened on a ring gear 35 which is driven by an electric motor 34.
  • the sprayer produces an extremely fine spray mist, the particle diameter of which is 5000 rpm. is on average about 100 microns. (This value applies to liquids with the viscosity of water. More viscous active substances form correspondingly larger droplets.)
  • the liquid active substance reached the atomizer 17 via the feed line 27 and through the hollow axis 6.
  • a major advantage of the rotary cage atomizer used is that the droplet formation is not only in one plane as with rotating disks. It is possible through simple constructive measures such as to produce smaller droplets by tighter meshes in the cages or, in the case of very viscous active ingredients, to use cages with larger hole diameters.
  • the air inlet 29 of the fan 18 is connected via a hose 47 to an opening 36 at the outlet 11 of the entire device. From there, the fan 18 draws in air and drives and swirls the radially flying droplets of the atomizer 17 down into the mixing and Funding area. There the air returns along a screw conveyor 26 at the outlet 11 via the opening 36. The resulting air circuit prevents the air in the vicinity of the system from being contaminated with the active ingredient.
  • the seed falls into the spray chamber 4 from above and is deflected outwards by the hood 23. Wetting begins at the level of the cage atomizer 17. It is supported by the air vortices generated by the fan 18. The wetted cotton seeds fall through an intermediate housing 20 into the mixing and delivery space 10.
  • the mixing and delivery chamber 10 contains the screw conveyor 26, which leads at an angle of approximately 45 ° upwards to the outlet 11.
  • the screw flights In the initial area 50, the screw flights have only a slight slope, in the exit area 51 they are steeper.
  • Above the screw conveyor 26 and parallel to it are two further shafts 24, 25 which are alternately designed as screw flights 32 and paddle mixers 33.
  • the worm threads 32 each run only over a full circumference of the shaft. Subsequently, three wing-like paddles 23 are distributed on the circumference of the shaft.
  • the worm gear shoulder 56 and the front edge 54 of a worm gear 32 form a gradually rounded, flowing transition.
  • the rear edge 55 and worm shoulder 56 are approximately at right angles to one another.
  • the mixing shafts 24, 25 are restricted to the interior of the mixing and delivery space 10. They are driven by the worm conveyor 26 via gearwheels.
  • a motor 21 drives the worm conveyor 26 at the output 11 via the same, adjustable gear as in the conveying and metering device 2.
  • mixing and stirring of the seed compensates for non-uniformities in the wetting in the spray chamber and, on the other hand, distributes the spray mist that descends.
  • the mixing shafts 24, 25 e.g. also be designed as a pure paddle mixer.
  • the construction of the mixing device with only one mixing shaft is also conceivable, as are different rotational speeds of the individual shafts.
  • the screw 26 conveys the seed only slowly towards the exit 11. This material influence is supported by the individual screw flights 32 on the mixing shafts 24, 25. Further up, the material flow is accelerated by the larger pitch (51) of the screw flights.
  • the screw conveyor 26 runs on the underside in a narrowly tolerated channel, so that no or only the smallest possible residues form. For the same reason, the transition of the worm shoulder 56 to the front edge 54 of the worm threads 32 on the mixing shafts 24, 25 is slow and smooth. Due to the inclined rise of the screw conveyor 26, a small remnant of seed remains in the lower end of the mixing and delivery chamber 10. This remainder can be removed after opening a door 53. With steeper angles, the rest gets bigger. The angle should not exceed 60 °.
  • the output 11 and the input 1 of the device are (due to the inclined position of the screw conveyor 26) at approximately the same level.
  • the overall height of the overall arrangement can be optimally used, in particular when connecting a bag filling machine.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
  • Mechanical Treatment Of Semiconductor (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)

Abstract

A machine, by means of which seeds, especially cotton seeds not dehaired, can be moistened with liquid active substances. For this, the cotton seeds are separated in a feed and proportioning unit (2) comprising conveyor worms (12-15) and a baffle (22) and are introduced uniformly into a spray chamber (4). In the spray chamber (4) an atomiser (17) generates a fine spray mist and moistens the falling seed grains. The grains fall into a mixing and conveying space (10) and there are mixed by means of mixer and agitator shafts (24, 25). A conveyor worm (26) transports the seeds slowly to an outlet orifice (11) during the mixing operation. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung gemäss Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a device according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Saatgut wird in der Landwirtschaft zum Schutz gegen Pilzbefall, gegen Insekten, gegen Fäulnis oder Aehnlichem chemisch behandelt. Dazu wird in geeigneten Vorrichtungen das Saatgut gleichmässig mit einer Flüssigkeit benetzt, die den benötigten Wirkstoff enthält. Die gleichmässige Verteilung des Wirkstoffes ist wichtig, denn sowohl eine zu hohe als auch zu niedrige Konzentration gefährdet das Saatgut, einmal durch den Wirkstoff selbst, zum anderen durch Ausbleiben der Wirkung. Deswegen wird zunächst für einen gleichmässigen Fluss des Saatgutes gesorgt, beispielsweise mit Rüttelsieben auf ein Förderband. Anschliessend wird das gleichmässig verteilte Material auf dem Förderband mit dem Wirkstoff benetzt. Es ist ebenso möglich, das Saatgut während des Falls in einem Schacht zu benetzen.In agriculture, seeds are chemically treated to protect them against fungal attack, insects, putrefaction or the like. For this purpose, the seeds are uniformly wetted with a liquid which contains the required active ingredient in suitable devices. The even distribution of the active ingredient is important, because both too high and too low a concentration endangers the seed, on the one hand through the active ingredient itself and on the other hand through the lack of effect. For this reason, a constant flow of the seed is first ensured, for example with vibrating sieves on a conveyor belt. The evenly distributed material is then wetted with the active ingredient on the conveyor belt. It is also possible to wet the seeds in a shaft during the fall.

Nicht jedes Saatgut kann aber auf einfache Weise für einen gleichförmigen Materialfluss getrennt werden. Baumwollsamen z.B. weisen auf ihrer Aussenhaut Härchen auf mit der Wirkung, dass das Saatgut Klumpen bildet und nicht mehr nach den üblichen Verfahren behandelt werden kann. Aus diesem Grund werden die Samen in einem ersten Arbeitsschritt enthaart, um so die nötigen Materialflusseigenschaften zu erhalten. Zur Enthaarung wird üblicherweise Schwefelsäure oder auch Salzsäure verwendet; ein anderes Verfahren ist das Flämmen. Nach der Enthaarung können Baumwollsamen wie beschrieben bearbeitet werden.However, not every seed can be separated easily for a uniform material flow. Cotton seeds e.g. have hairs on their outer skin with the effect that the seeds form lumps and can no longer be treated by the usual methods. For this reason, the seeds are depilated in a first step in order to obtain the necessary material flow properties. Usually sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid is used for depilation; another method is flaming. After depilation, cotton seeds can be processed as described.

In der DE-A-3,239,867 ist beispielsweise eine Vorrichtung zum Beizen von enthaartem Saatgut beschrieben, entsprechend dem ersten Teil des Anspruchs 1, bei der das Saatgut durch die Schleuderwirkung eines in Rotation versetzbaren Körnerschleudertellers, der Teil einer Dosiereinrichtung ist, in einem Behandlungsraum zu einem gleichmässigen Schleier verteilt wird. Unmittelbar unter dem Körnerschleuderteller ist ein Sprühteller angeordnet, der die flüssigen Beizmittel fein in diesen Schleier verteilt. Durch die Eigenbewegung des enthaarten Saatgutes in diesem Sprühnebel wird die Oberfläche jedes Saatkorns relativ gleichmässig benetzt.DE-A-3,239,867, for example, describes a device for dressing dehaired seeds, according to the first part of claim 1, in which the seeds are combined into one treatment room in one treatment room by the centrifugal effect of a rotary centrifugal disk which is part of a metering device uniform veil is distributed. Immediately below that Grain spinner plate is arranged a spray plate, which finely distributes the liquid pickling agent in this veil. Due to the inherent movement of the depilated seed in this spray mist, the surface of each seed is wetted relatively evenly.

In der US-A-3,155,542 ist eine Beizvorrichtung für Baumwollsamen beschrieben. Bei dieser Vorrichtung werden die Baumwollsamen über eine vertikal angeordnete Förderschnecke in eine Behandlungskammer eingebracht. Dort fallen sie auf einen rotierbaren Schleuderkegel, der die Baumwollsamen nach aussen gegen die Kammerwandung schleudert. Unterhalb des Schleuderkegels ist eine rotierbare Sprühscheibe angeordnet, welche einen feinen Nebel von Beizmittel erzeugt. Im Fallen treten die Baumwollsamen durch diesen Nebel hindurch, wobei ihre Oberfläche benetzt wird. Um ein Verklumpen von nicht vollständig enthaarten Baumwollsamen zu vermeiden, sind links und rechts der Förderschnecke je ein spatelartig ausgebildeter Arm als Schikane angeordnet, welche in der Förderschnecke ragen und die verklumpten Baumwollsamen trennen sollen. Auf diese Weise werden zwar grössere Klumpen zerkleinert, aber die nicht vollständig enthaarten Baumwollsamen können nicht vereinzelt werden.US-A-3,155,542 describes a cotton seed dressing device. In this device, the cotton seeds are introduced into a treatment chamber via a vertically arranged screw conveyor. There they fall onto a rotating centrifugal cone that throws the cotton seeds outwards against the chamber wall. A rotating spray disc is arranged below the centrifugal cone, which creates a fine mist of pickling agent. When falling, the cotton seeds pass through this mist, wetting their surface. In order to avoid clumping of not completely hairless cotton seeds, a spatula-like arm is arranged as a chicane to the left and right of the screw conveyor, which arm protrudes in the screw conveyor and is intended to separate the clumped cotton seeds. In this way, larger lumps are crushed, but the not completely hairless cotton seeds cannot be separated.

Für nasse Böden wirkt sich oft die Enthaarung ungünstig nach der Aussaat aus, denn die Härchen schützen den Samen vor zu viel Feuchtigkeit. Aus diesem Grund wird vielfach gänzlich auf das Enthaaren verzichtet.For wet soils, hair removal often has an unfavorable effect after sowing, because the hairs protect the seeds from too much moisture. For this reason, dehairing is completely dispensed with in many cases.

Für das Benetzen und Beizen nicht enthaarten Baumwollsaatguts werden besondere Maschinen eingesetzt. Zur Trennung der verklumpten Baumwollsamen führt beispielsweise in einer Vorrichtung ein senkrechtes Einfüllrohr in einen Kegelstumpf hinein, dessen unteres Ende in ein breiteres, den Sprühraum bildendes Rohr mündet. Innerhalb des Kegelstumpfes, direkt unter dem Rohrende, ist eine schnell rotierende Scheibe angeordnet, die die eingefüllten Samen gegen die Wände des Kegelstumpfes schleudert, wo sie abprallen und mehr oder weniger gleichmässig verteilt in das Sprührohr fallen. Die Dosierung des Materialflusses wird durch Verändern des Abstands des Tellers zum Endstück des Einfüllrohrs, also durch eine Höhenverstellung des Tellers, gesteuert. Zum Benetzen rotieren im Sprühraum in der Achse der Scheibe zwei weitere Teller, in deren Mitte der flüssige Wirkstoff eingespeist wird. Die Rotation der Teller soll eine feine, tröpfchenförmige Verteilung der Flüssigkeit im Sprühraum bewirken. Unter dem Sprühraum wird mit einer Förderschnecke das Saatgut in eine Kammer transportiert, wo es zusätzlich mechanisch vermischt wird, um die Feuchtigkeit gleichmässiger auf die Oberfläche aller Samenkörner zu verteilen.Special machines are used for wetting and dressing non-depilated cotton seeds. To separate the clumped cotton seeds, for example in a device, a vertical filler tube leads into a truncated cone, the lower end of which opens into a wider tube which forms the spray chamber. Inside the truncated cone, just below the end of the tube, there is a rapidly rotating disc that throws the filled seeds against the walls of the truncated cone, where they bounce and fall more or less evenly into the spray tube. The metering of the material flow is controlled by changing the distance between the plate and the end piece of the filler pipe, that is to say by adjusting the height of the plate. For wetting, two other plates rotate in the center of the spray in the axis of the disc the liquid active ingredient is fed. The rotation of the plates should result in a fine, droplet-like distribution of the liquid in the spray room. Under the spray room, the seed is transported by a screw conveyor into a chamber, where it is also mechanically mixed in order to distribute the moisture more evenly over the surface of all seeds.

Ein wesentliches Problem in der beschriebenen Anordnung bildet der Materialfluss, der sich nur schwer steuern lässt. Ein geringes Absenken der rotierenden Scheiben führt bereits zum Abtrennen noch verklumpter Baumwollsamen. Auch ist das Sprühverfahren nicht befriedigend, da die Baumwollsamen im freien Fall nicht gleichmässig von allen Seiten besprüht werden. Darüberhinaus gelangt zu viel Benetzungsflüssigkeit an die Wände des Sprührohrs und geht damit verloren.A major problem in the arrangement described is the material flow, which is difficult to control. A slight lowering of the rotating discs already leads to the separation of clumped cotton seeds. The spraying process is also unsatisfactory, since in free fall the cotton seeds are not sprayed evenly from all sides. In addition, too much wetting liquid gets on the walls of the spray tube and is therefore lost.

Hier will die Erfindung Abhilfe schaffen. Erfindungsgemäss wird dies durch die im Kennzeichen des Patentanspruchs 1 aufgeführten Merkmale erreicht.The invention seeks to remedy this. According to the invention this is achieved by the features listed in the characterizing part of patent claim 1.

Infolge der begrenzten Tiefe der Förderschnecken auf die Grössenordnung der zu behandelnden Samenkörner wird behaartes Saatgut zuverlässig entklumpt. Durch die mechanische Schikane wird verhindert, dass ausserhalb der Schneckengänge Material gefördert wird. Die Förderschnecken bewirken einen gleichförmigen und stetigen Materialfluss zum Sprühraum.Due to the limited depth of the screw conveyor to the order of magnitude of the seeds to be treated, hairy seeds are reliably unclumped. The mechanical baffle prevents material from being conveyed outside the screw flights. The screw conveyors ensure a uniform and steady flow of material to the spray room.

Der Einsatz eines Zerstäubers, welcher einen feinen dichten Sprühnebel generiert, ermöglicht das gleichmässige Benetzen des Saatguts von allen Seiten.The use of an atomizer, which generates a fine, dense spray, enables the seeds to be wetted evenly from all sides.

Die durch die Kombination von Förderschnecke(n) und Rührwelle(n) gebildete Misch- und Fördervorrichtung, stellt bezüglich Kompaktheit und Wirkung eine Optimallösung dar.The mixing and conveying device formed by the combination of screw conveyor (s) and agitator shaft (s) represents an optimal solution in terms of compactness and effectiveness.

Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand eines in den Zeichnungen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 eine Seitenansicht der gesamten Vorrichtung,
  • Fig. 2 einen vergrösserten Ausschnitt aus Fig. 1,
  • Fig. 3 einen Schnitt längs der Linie III-III der Fig. 2,
  • Fig. 4 eine Aufsicht auf die in Fig. 1 mit 2 bezeichnete Zuführ- und Dosiervorrichtung
  • Fig. 5 den Sprühkopf mit dem Rotations-Käfigzerstäuber im Axialschnitt,
  • Fig. 6 einen Schnitt längs der Linie VI-VI der Fig. 2 und
  • Fig. 7 einen Schnitt durch eine modifizierte Mischwelle mit Sicht auf einen Schneckengang.
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawings. Show it:
  • 1 is a side view of the entire device,
  • 2 shows an enlarged detail from FIG. 1,
  • 3 shows a section along the line III-III of FIG. 2,
  • Fig. 4 is a plan view of the feeding and metering device designated by 2 in Fig. 1
  • 5 the spray head with the rotary cage atomizer in axial section,
  • Fig. 6 is a section along the line VI-VI of Fig. 2 and
  • Fig. 7 shows a section through a modified mixing shaft with a view of a worm gear.

In den Fig. bezeichnen 2 das Zuführ- und Dosiergerät, 4 die Sprühkammer und 10 den Misch- und Förderraum. In Fig. 1 wird der Aufbau der gesamten Vorrichtung deutlich. Eine Einfüllöffnung 1 liegt über dem Zuführ- und Dosiergerät 2, das in die Sprühkammer 4 mündet. Unter der Sprühkammer 4 liegt der Misch- und Förderraum 10, von dem das Saatgut zum Ausgang 11 gefördert wird.In the figures, 2 denotes the feed and metering device, 4 the spray chamber and 10 the mixing and delivery chamber. In Fig. 1 the structure of the entire device is clear. A filling opening 1 lies above the feed and metering device 2, which opens into the spray chamber 4. Under the spray chamber 4 is the mixing and delivery space 10, from which the seed is conveyed to the outlet 11.

Das Zuführ- und Dosiergerät 2 ist durch einen horizontalen Schneckenförderer, bestehend aus einem Gehäuse 37 und vier Förderschnecken 12-15 gebildet. Oberhalb der Förderschnecken 12-15 befindet sich an ihrem Eingang die Einfüllöffnung 1. Ausgangsseitig enden die Schnecken über der den Eingang der Sprühkammer 4 bildenden Oeffnung 9. Zwischen den Oeffnungen 1 und 9 werden die Förderschnecken 12-15 durch eine durch eine Schikane 22 gebildete Verengung geführt. Bei der Einfüllöffnung 1 sitzen ausserhalb des Gehäuses 37 auf den Wellen der Förderschnecken 12-15 ineinandergreifende Zahnräder 40-43. Sie übertragen die Antriebskräfte, wobei die Welle 15 über einen Zahnriemen 39 von einem Elektromotor 3 angetrieben ist. Ein Getriebe 38 mit einstellbaren Uebersetzungsverhältnis übersetzt die Drehgeschwindigkeit des Motors 3 auf das gewünschte Mass. Zur Regulierung dient ein Handrad 44.The feed and metering device 2 is formed by a horizontal screw conveyor consisting of a housing 37 and four screw conveyors 12-15. Above the screw conveyors 12-15 there is the filling opening 1 at its entrance. On the output side, the screw ends end above the opening 9 forming the entrance to the spray chamber 4. Between the openings 1 and 9, the screw conveyors 12-15 are formed by a constriction formed by a baffle 22 guided. At the filling opening 1, outside of the housing 37, gearwheels 40-43 interlocking on the shafts of the screw conveyors 12-15. They transmit the driving forces, the shaft 15 being driven by an electric motor 3 via a toothed belt 39. A gear 38 with adjustable gear ratio translates the speed of rotation of the motor 3 to the desired level. A handwheel 44 is used for regulation.

Für die Tiefe t (Fig. 4) der Förderschnecken 12-15 ist im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel der Vorrichtung ein Wert von 18 mm gewählt. Das verklumpte Saatgut wird dann sehr gut getrennt. Gleichzeitig wird eine hohe Fördermenge erreicht. Generell sind Tiefen zwischen ca. 10 mm und 30 mm zweckmässig. Das entspricht etwa der zwei- bis sechsfachen Grösse eines Baumwoll-Samenkorns. Werte bis 50 mm können ebenfalls verwendet werden. Darüberhinaus ist das Auflösen des verklumpten Saatguts und damit später die gleichmässige Verteilung der Wirkstoffe nicht mehr gewährleistet.A value of 18 mm has been selected for the depth t (FIG. 4) of the screw conveyors 12-15 in the present exemplary embodiment of the device. The clumped seeds are then separated very well. At the same time, a high flow rate is achieved. Depths between approx. 10 mm and 30 mm are generally appropriate. That is about two to six times the size of a cotton seed. Values up to 50 mm can also be used will. In addition, the disintegration of the clumped seeds and thus the even distribution of the active ingredients is no longer guaranteed.

Gleichermassen wesentlich für die Abtrennung verklumpten Saatguts ist die Schikane 22 im Gehäuse 37. Kammförmig werden auch die Einschnitte zwischen Förderschnecken bzw. zwischen einer Förderschnecke und der Wand des Gehäuses 37 abgedeckt. Diese Schikane 22 lässt in der vorliegenden Ausführung der Erfindung durch ihre dreieckförmigen Kämme zwischen den Schneckenschultern und der gegenüberliegenden Schikane 22 einen Spalt von nur ca. 10 mm bis 20 mm frei.Equally essential for the separation of clumped seeds is the chicane 22 in the housing 37. The incisions between the conveyor screws or between a conveyor screw and the wall of the housing 37 are also covered in a comb shape. In the present embodiment of the invention, this baffle 22, due to its triangular combs between the screw shoulders and the opposite baffle 22, leaves a gap of only about 10 mm to 20 mm.

Zweck der Schikane 22 ist im wesentlichen das Fördern nur innerhalb der Förderschneckengänge zuzulassen. Die Form der Schikane 22 unkritisch. Die Kämme können etwa halbkreisförmig den Konturen der Wellen folgen, so dass der Abstand zu den Schneckenschultern konstant ist. In diesem Fall ist ein Abstand kleiner als das 5-fache der Grösse eines Samenkorns - bei Baumwolle etwa 20 mm - gut geeignet.The purpose of the baffle 22 is essentially to allow conveying only within the screw conveyors. The shape of the chicane 22 is not critical. The combs can follow the contours of the waves roughly in a semicircle so that the distance to the snail shoulders is constant. In this case, a distance of less than 5 times the size of a grain - about 20 mm for cotton - is well suited.

Auf der Unterseite des Schneckenförderers folgt das Gehäuse 37 über der gesamten Länge eng den Konturen der Schnecken 12-15, so dass sich während des Betriebs keine Saatgutrückstände an den Gehäusewänden bilden. Damit werden Reinigungsarbeiten auf ein Minimum reduziert.On the underside of the screw conveyor, the housing 37 closely follows the contours of the screws 12-15 over the entire length, so that no seed residues form on the housing walls during operation. This reduces cleaning work to a minimum.

Die Förderschnecken 12-15 enden über der Oeffnung 9 zur Sprühkammer 4. Die beiden mittleren Schnecken 13, 14 sind kürzer, wodurch ein gleichmässiges Verteilen über den Querschnitt der Sprühkammer 4 erzielt wird. Zwei Bleche 45, 46 lenken das Saatgut vom Rand des Schneckenförderers zur Mitte in der Oeffnung 9.The screw conveyors 12-15 end above the opening 9 to the spray chamber 4. The two middle screws 13, 14 are shorter, as a result of which a uniform distribution over the cross section of the spray chamber 4 is achieved. Two plates 45, 46 guide the seed from the edge of the screw conveyor to the center in the opening 9.

Das Gehäuse der Sprühkammer 4 ist durch einen vertikal stehenden Hohlzylinder gebildet. In ihrem Zentrum ist unter einer kegelförmigen Haube 23 und einem kurzen Zylinderstück 48 der Sprühkopf 16 eines tragbaren Sprühgeräts von MICRONAIR AERIAL LTD, Model AU7000 angeordnet. Ueber ein schräg ansteigendes Rohrstück 49 sind Haube 23, Zylinderstück 48 und Sprühkopf 16 an einer Montagetür 7 befestigt. Durch dieses Rohrstück 49 werden Antriebswelle 28 und Zuführleitung 27 des Sprühmittels in die Sprühkammer 4 zum Sprühkopf 16 geführt. Weiterhin erhält ein Ventilator 18 im Sprühkopf 16 seine Ansaugluft durch dieses Rohrstück von einem Lufteintritt 29. Durch Oeffnen der Montagetür 7 kann der Sprühkopf 16 zusammen mit der leicht lösbaren Haube 23 und dem Zylinderstück 48 aus der Sprühkammer 4 zur Reinigung oder Demontage herausgeschwenkt werden.The housing of the spray chamber 4 is formed by a vertically standing hollow cylinder. The spray head 16 of a portable spraying device from MICRONAIR AERIAL LTD, model AU7000, is arranged in its center under a conical hood 23 and a short cylinder piece 48. The hood 23, cylinder piece 48 and spray head 16 are fastened to an assembly door 7 via an obliquely rising pipe section 49. Through this pipe section 49 drive shaft 28 and feed line 27 of the spray led into the spray chamber 4 to the spray head 16. Furthermore, a fan 18 in the spray head 16 receives its intake air through this pipe section from an air inlet 29. By opening the assembly door 7, the spray head 16 together with the easily detachable hood 23 and the cylinder piece 48 can be pivoted out of the spray chamber 4 for cleaning or disassembly.

Im Sprühkopf 16 ist unten auf einer vertikalen hohlen Achse ein Rotations-Käfigzerstäuber 17 mit zwei konzentrischen zylinderförmigen Käfigen angeordnet. Der äussere Käfig besteht aus einem feinen Maschendraht (Lochgrösse 1 mm²), der innere Käfig ist durch ein perforiertes Blech gebildet. Darüber sitzt auf derselben Achse der Ventilator 18. Zerstäuber 17 und Ventilator 18 werden gemeinsam über einen Zahnriemen 19 und Antriebswelle 28 von einem ausserhalb der Kammer 4 angeordneten Motor 5 angetrieben.In the spray head 16, a rotary cage atomizer 17 with two concentric cylindrical cages is arranged at the bottom on a vertical hollow axis. The outer cage consists of a fine wire mesh (hole size 1 mm²), the inner cage is formed by a perforated sheet. The fan 18 sits above it on the same axis. The atomizer 17 and fan 18 are driven together by a motor 5 arranged outside the chamber 4 via a toothed belt 19 and drive shaft 28.

Im Niveau des Zerstäubers 17 laufen über die Innenseite der Sprühraumwand zwei Schaber 8 und kratzen im Sprühbereich des Zerstäubers 17 Rückstände von der Wand. Die Schaber 8 sind auf einem Zahnkranz 35 befestigt, der von einem Elektromotor 34 angetrieben wird.At the level of the atomizer 17, two scrapers 8 run over the inside of the spray chamber wall and scrape residues from the wall in the spray area of the atomizer 17. The scrapers 8 are fastened on a ring gear 35 which is driven by an electric motor 34.

Das Sprühgerät erzeugt einen äusserst feinen Sprühnebel, dessen Teilchendurchmesser bei 5000 U/min. im Mittel etwa 100 µm beträgt. (Dieser Wert gilt für Flüssigkeiten mit der Viskosität von Wasser. Zähflüssigere Wirkstoffe bilden entsprechend grössere Tröpfchen.) Der flüssige Wirkstoff gelang dabei über die Zuführleitung 27 und durch die hohle Achse 6 zum Zerstäuber 17. Ein wesentlicher Vorteil des verwendeten Rotations-Käfigzerstäubers besteht darin, dass die Tröpfchenbildung nicht nur in einer Ebene erfolgt wie bei rotierenden Scheiben. Es ist möglich durch einfache konstruktive Massnahmen wie z.B. durch engere Maschen in den Käfigen kleinere Tröpfchen zu erzeugen bzw. bei sehr zähflüssigen Wirkstoffen, Käfige mit grösseren Lochdurchmessern zu verwenden.The sprayer produces an extremely fine spray mist, the particle diameter of which is 5000 rpm. is on average about 100 microns. (This value applies to liquids with the viscosity of water. More viscous active substances form correspondingly larger droplets.) The liquid active substance reached the atomizer 17 via the feed line 27 and through the hollow axis 6. A major advantage of the rotary cage atomizer used is that the droplet formation is not only in one plane as with rotating disks. It is possible through simple constructive measures such as to produce smaller droplets by tighter meshes in the cages or, in the case of very viscous active ingredients, to use cages with larger hole diameters.

Der Lufteintritt 29 des Ventilators 18 ist über einen Schlauch 47 mit einer Oeffnung 36 am Ausgang 11 der gesamten Vorrichtung verbunden. Von dort saugt der Ventilator 18 Luft an und treibt und verwirbelt die radial fortfliegenden Tröpfchen des Zerstäubers 17 nach unten in den Misch- und Förderraum. Dort gelangt die Luft entlang einer Förderschnecke 26 am Ausgang 11 über die Oeffnung 36 zurück. Der entstehende Luftkreislauf verhindert, dass die Luft in der Umgebung der Anlage mit dem Wirkstoff kontaminiert wird.The air inlet 29 of the fan 18 is connected via a hose 47 to an opening 36 at the outlet 11 of the entire device. From there, the fan 18 draws in air and drives and swirls the radially flying droplets of the atomizer 17 down into the mixing and Funding area. There the air returns along a screw conveyor 26 at the outlet 11 via the opening 36. The resulting air circuit prevents the air in the vicinity of the system from being contaminated with the active ingredient.

Während des Betriebs fällt das Saatgut von oben in die Sprühkammer 4 und wird von der Haube 23 nach aussen abgelenkt. Im Niveau des Käfigzerstäubers 17 beginnt die Benetzung. Sie wird durch die vom Ventilator 18 erzeugten Luftwirbel unterstützt. Die benetzten Baumwollsamen fallen durch ein Zwischengehäuse 20 in den Misch- und Förderraum 10.During operation, the seed falls into the spray chamber 4 from above and is deflected outwards by the hood 23. Wetting begins at the level of the cage atomizer 17. It is supported by the air vortices generated by the fan 18. The wetted cotton seeds fall through an intermediate housing 20 into the mixing and delivery space 10.

Der Misch- und Förderraum 10 enthält die Förderschnecke 26, die in einem Winkel von etwa 45° schräg aufwärts zum Ausgang 11 führt. Im Anfangsbereich 50 haben die Schneckengänge nur eine geringe Steigung, im Ausgangsbereich 51 verlaufen sie steiler. Oberhalb der Förderschnecke 26 und parallel zu dieser sind zwei weitere Wellen 24, 25 angeordnet, die wechselweise als Schneckengänge 32 und Paddelmischer 33 ausgebildet sind. Die Schneckengänge 32 verlaufen jeweils nur über einen vollen Umfang der Welle. Daran anschliessend sind drei flügelartige Paddel 23 auf dem Umfang der Welle verteilt. In Drehrichtung gesehen bilden Schneckengangschulter 56 und vordere Kante 54 eines Schneckengangs 32 einen allmählichen abgerundeten, fliessenden Uebergang. Demgegenüber stehen die hintere Kante 55 und Schneckenschulter 56 etwa rechtwinklig aufeinander.The mixing and delivery chamber 10 contains the screw conveyor 26, which leads at an angle of approximately 45 ° upwards to the outlet 11. In the initial area 50, the screw flights have only a slight slope, in the exit area 51 they are steeper. Above the screw conveyor 26 and parallel to it are two further shafts 24, 25 which are alternately designed as screw flights 32 and paddle mixers 33. The worm threads 32 each run only over a full circumference of the shaft. Subsequently, three wing-like paddles 23 are distributed on the circumference of the shaft. When viewed in the direction of rotation, the worm gear shoulder 56 and the front edge 54 of a worm gear 32 form a gradually rounded, flowing transition. In contrast, the rear edge 55 and worm shoulder 56 are approximately at right angles to one another.

Die Mischwellen 24, 25 sind auf das Innere des Misch- und Förderraums 10 beschränkt. Angetrieben werden sie über Zahnräder von der Förderschnecke 26. Ein Motor 21 treibt am Ausgang 11 über ein gleiches, einstellbares Getriebe wie beim Förder- und Dosiergerät 2 die Förderschnecke 26 an.The mixing shafts 24, 25 are restricted to the interior of the mixing and delivery space 10. They are driven by the worm conveyor 26 via gearwheels. A motor 21 drives the worm conveyor 26 at the output 11 via the same, adjustable gear as in the conveying and metering device 2.

Ein handelsüblicher, kapazitiv arbeitender Näherungsschalter 52 verbunden mit einer konventionellen elektrischen Schaltung (nicht dargestellt) schaltet die Misch- und Fördereinrichtung 30 nur ein, wenn eine bestimmte Menge an Saatgut im Misch- und Förderraum 10 vorhanden ist.A commercially available, capacitively operating proximity switch 52 connected to a conventional electrical circuit (not shown) only switches on the mixing and conveying device 30 when a certain amount of seed is present in the mixing and conveying space 10.

Im Misch- und Förderraum 10 werden durch das Vermischen und Verrühren des Saatguts einerseits Ungleichförmigkeiten der Benetzung in der Sprühkammer ausgeglichen und andererseits der sich herabsenkende Sprühnebel verteilt. Für diese Aufgabe können die Mischwellen 24, 25 z.B. auch als reine Paddelmischer ausgebildet sein. Der Aufbau der Mischvorrichtung mit nur einer Mischwelle ist ebenfalls denkbar, ebenso wie unterschiedliche Drehgeschwindigkeiten der einzelnen Wellen.In the mixing and delivery chamber 10, mixing and stirring of the seed on the one hand compensates for non-uniformities in the wetting in the spray chamber and, on the other hand, distributes the spray mist that descends. For this task, the mixing shafts 24, 25 e.g. also be designed as a pure paddle mixer. The construction of the mixing device with only one mixing shaft is also conceivable, as are different rotational speeds of the individual shafts.

Während des Mischvorgangs fördert die Schnecke 26 das Saatgut nur langsam in Richtung Ausgang 11. Dieser Materialeinfluss wird unterstützt durch die einzelnen Schneckengänge 32 auf den Mischwellen 24, 25. Weiter oben wird durch die grössere Steigung (51) der Schneckengänge der Materialfluss beschleunigt.During the mixing process, the screw 26 conveys the seed only slowly towards the exit 11. This material influence is supported by the individual screw flights 32 on the mixing shafts 24, 25. Further up, the material flow is accelerated by the larger pitch (51) of the screw flights.

Die Förderschnecke 26 verläuft auf der Unterseite in einer eng tolerierten Rinne, damit sich keine oder nur möglichst geringe Rückstände bilden. Aus dem gleichen Grund ist der Uebergang der Schneckenschulter 56 zu der vorderen Kante 54 der Schneckengänge 32 auf den Mischwellen 24, 25 langsam und fliessend. Bedingt durch das schräge Ansteigen der Förderschnecke 26 bleibt ein kleiner Rest an Saatgut im unteren Ende des Misch- und Förderraums 10 zurück. Dieser Rest kann nach Oeffnen einer Tür 53 entfernt werden. Bei steileren Winkeln wird der Rest grösser. Der Winkel soll 60° nicht überschreiten.The screw conveyor 26 runs on the underside in a narrowly tolerated channel, so that no or only the smallest possible residues form. For the same reason, the transition of the worm shoulder 56 to the front edge 54 of the worm threads 32 on the mixing shafts 24, 25 is slow and smooth. Due to the inclined rise of the screw conveyor 26, a small remnant of seed remains in the lower end of the mixing and delivery chamber 10. This remainder can be removed after opening a door 53. With steeper angles, the rest gets bigger. The angle should not exceed 60 °.

Der Ausgang 11 und der Eingang 1 der Vorrichtung liegen (bedingt durch die Schrägstellung der Förderschnecke 26) im etwa gleichen Niveau. Dadurch kann insbesondere beim Anschluss einer Sack-Abfüllmaschine die Bauhöhe der Gesamtanordnung optimal ausgenützt werden.The output 11 and the input 1 of the device are (due to the inclined position of the screw conveyor 26) at approximately the same level. As a result, the overall height of the overall arrangement can be optimally used, in particular when connecting a bag filling machine.

Claims (20)

1. Apparatus for the wetting of seeds, especially cotton seeds that have not been delinted, with active ingredients, for example insecticides or fungicides, dissolved in a liquid, said apparatus comprising a feeder and metering device (2), the opening of which is directed from above into a spray chamber (4) having an open bottom, in which spray chamber (4) there is arranged an atomizer (17) for the liquid active ingredient, and comprising a mixing and discharge means (30) under the spray chamber (4), wherein the feeder and metering device (2) includes a substantially horizontal screw conveyor comprising at least two mutually cooperating parallel conveyor screws (12-15) and a diaphragm-like baffle (22), the turns of the conveyor screws having a depth (t) of the order of magnitude of the seeds to be treated and the baffle (22) being so arranged that feeding of the seeds takes place substantially only within the turns of the conveyor screws, the atomizer (17) is of the kind that generates a particle size of less than 300 µm, and the mixing and discharge means (30) includes at least one conveyor screw (26) and at least one mixer shaft (24, 25) that is located parallel to said conveyor screw (26) and is equipped with wing-like paddles (33).
2. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the screw turns have a depth of 1.3 to 10 times, preferably 2 to 5 times, the size of the seeds to be treated, and the distance between the shoulders of the screws and the inner edge of the baffle (22) is less than 0.5 to 5 times the size of a seed to be treated.
3. Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the screw conveyor comprises at least three or four mutually cooperating parallel conveyor screws (12-15) at the same level, and in the region of the opening into the spray chamber (4) the two outside screws (12, 15) are longer than the inner screw(s) (13, 14), or their ends project further.
4. Apparatus according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein the atomizer (17) is a rotating atomizer with two coaxial cages.
5. Apparatus according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein the spray chamber (4) is circular cylindrical.
6. Apparatus according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein at least one blower (18) is provided to produce air turbulence in the spray chamber (4).
7. Apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the blower (18) is located in the spray chamber (4) above the atomizer (17).
8. Apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the blower (18) is so arranged that the air stream produced by it is directed at the atomizer (17) and flows around it.
9. Apparatus according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein at least in the wall zone of the spray chamber (4) located within the spraying range of the atomizer (17) there is arranged so that it can be driven in rotation at least one scraper (8) acting on said wall zone.
10. Apparatus according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein above the atomizer (17) and/or the blower (18) an approximately conical cover (23) is located.
11. Apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the cover (23) is mounted in a readily removable manner.
12. Apparatus according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein the atomizer (17) and, where appropriate, the blower (18) and the cover (23) is/are mounted on an assembly door or flap (7) of the spray chamber (4) forming a portion of the wall and is/are pivotable outwards together with said door after the door has been unlocked.
13. Apparatus according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein the mixing and discharge means (30) comprises a conveyor screw (26) and at least one mixer shaft (24, 25) that is located parallel to said conveyor screw (26) and is equipped with paddles (33), the conveyor screw and the mixer shaft being located in an appropriately shaped channel-like housing (31) that is open at the top into the spray chamber.
14. Apparatus according to claim 13, wherein two paddle agitator shafts (24, 25) are located at the same level and parallel to each other above the conveyor screw (26).
15. Apparatus according to one or more of claims 1 to 12, wherein the mixing and discharge means (30) includes at least one mixer shaft (24, 25) carrying alternating screw turns (32) and paddles (33), said mixer shaft(s) being located in an appropriately shaped channel-like housing (31) that is open at the top into the spray chamber (4).
16. Apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the screw turn portions (32) are of 380°.
17. Apparatus according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein the conveyor screw (26) and the paddle mixer shaft(s) (24, 25), or the appropriately shaped channel-like housing (31) closing off that arrangement at the bottom, rise obliquely upward towards the outlet (11).
18. Apparatus according to claim 17, wherein said rise is within a range of angles of 30° to 60°, preferably 35° to 45°.
19. Apparatus according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein the spray chamber (4) has an air inlet (29) for the blower (18), which air inlet (29) is connected with an air outlet (36) at the end of the conveyor screw (26) belonging to the mixing and discharge means, so that a closed system is formed for the air conveyed through the spray chamber.
20. Apparatus according to one or more of claims 15 to 18, wherein the front edge (54) of the screw turns (32) and the screw turn shoulders (56) pass into one another in a flowing, rounded manner.
EP89810398A 1988-06-06 1989-05-29 Seed-moistening machine Expired - Lifetime EP0346278B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT89810398T ATE72723T1 (en) 1988-06-06 1989-05-29 DEVICE FOR WETTING SEEDS.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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CH2140/88 1988-06-06
CH214088 1988-06-06

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EP0346278A1 EP0346278A1 (en) 1989-12-13
EP0346278B1 true EP0346278B1 (en) 1992-02-26

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AT (1) ATE72723T1 (en)
DE (1) DE58900855D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2029563T3 (en)

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DE58900855D1 (en) 1992-04-02
EP0346278A1 (en) 1989-12-13
ES2029563T3 (en) 1992-08-16
US4987850A (en) 1991-01-29
ATE72723T1 (en) 1992-03-15

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