EP0344769A2 - Apparatus for supporting a jacked-up object - Google Patents

Abstract

An apparatus for supporting a jacked-up object is equipped relative to a floor with a bearing surface receiving a base of the object. The bearing surface has a preselectably variable height relative to the floor. It is mounted via a lifting mechanism in at least one frame standing on the floor. The lifting mechanism has a mechanical drive. The mechanical drive is designed as a spindle which rotates about a vertical axis and in the thread flights of which the bearing surface is guided. Guided in the thread flights of the spindle is a nut, on which is supported a sleeve which carries the bearing surface and through which the spindle extends. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a device for supporting a jacked-up object against a floor with a receiving surface receiving a base of the object.

Objects that have been jacked up often remain in their usual jacked-up position during transport. They are not set down from this high jacked position on a floor that extends beneath them, since setting down makes a relatively expensive additional operation necessary. Additional costs arise if the deposited object has to be raised to its high jacked position. Difficulties of this kind arise in particular when handling goods when they are transported on trailers or on interchangeable platforms.

For this reason, both trailers and swap bodies have makeshift legs that can be extended if the vehicle carrying the swap body or trailer is to be moved away under the load. Such problems occur in particular in the operation of ships which are loaded from land with the aid of vehicles which can travel directly from the land to the ship and place their load there. Such loading is carried out, for example, on ferries and so-called RoRo ships. In these types of ships, the trucks drive into the hold of the ships, where they set down the load they carry in such a way that either the entire platform is lifted off the semi-trailer and parked in the hold, or that the trailer is released from the tractor.

For this purpose, makeshift legs are first extended either from the platform or from the trailer towards a load floor. After the load on this Has been stowed in the ship's hull, the semi-trailer drives out of the hold to fetch a new load and park it on board. The semitrailer or the tractor rarely take part in the sea journey.

This loading can be carried out quickly and in a very space-saving manner. However, it has the disadvantage that the cargo can easily be torn from the relatively thin makeshift legs in rough seas, so that an otherwise existing lashing of the cargo is not sufficient to prevent the cargo from being flung through the cargo hold in heavy seas and can cause significant cargo damage there. The thin legs provided on the flatbeds or trailers may be sufficient to absorb the static load that comes from loaded flatbeds or trailers. However, the legs cannot absorb dynamic loads safely enough to avoid damaging the load.

The object of the present invention is therefore to improve the device of the type mentioned in the introduction in such a way that it is capable of absorbing even large loads, in particular those of a dynamic nature.

This object is achieved in that the bearing surface has a preselectably variable height relative to the floor.

In this way, the device can be adapted to any height that can be specified by platforms or trailers. So far, a sensible support of platforms and trailers has failed due to the fact that the available devices could not be carefully adapted to the height of the platform or trailer. For this reason, flatbeds and trailers were not supported during transport at sea. It believed the conventional way of stowing bunk beds and To be able to assume containers with sufficient certainty that the flatbeds and trailers could be securely secured in the cargo hold by careful lashing. Since even the most careful lashing lengthens when the sea is rough and this allows the lashed objects to shift, the strength of the support legs, which are only designed for static loads, is not sufficient to meet the requirements of dynamic loading.

With the help of the device, the objects can be securely supported against the floor without fear of kinking the legs. In particular, the height adjustment means that an exact adaptation of the device to the given application is possible. It is possible to guide the platforms and trailers closely so that they cannot loosen from their lashings even in rough seas. In addition, adjustments can also be made during the voyage if it turns out that the necessary care was not taken at one point or another when loading the objects. By additionally lifting the objects, they can be clamped so firmly against the lashing material that movements within the loading space are excluded.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the support surface is supported by a lifting mechanism in at least one stand standing on the floor. With the help of this lifting mechanism, lifting the object is relatively easy. The entire stand is brought to the place of its use, so that the support surface can be raised via the lifting mechanism and pressed against the object. Only when the object rests firmly on the support surface can other mounts, for example the tractor, be uncoupled from the object, so that the latter is firmly in the hold even without the mount. The Hubme mechanism can be used particularly cheaply since it enables the object to be secured as long as it is in its original position. Only after jacking up can the tractor be removed, so that when the support surface adjustable with the lifting mechanism is attached, there are no difficulties for the tractor that is releasing the load.

Further details of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings, in which preferred embodiments of the invention are illustrated, for example.

• Fig. 1: eine Systemkizze in räumlicher Darstellung,
• Fig. 2: eine Seitenansicht einer Vorrichtung,
• Fig. 3: eine Rückansicht einer Vorrichtung,
• Fig. 4: eine Vorderansicht einer Radaufhängung,
• Fig. 5: eine Seitenansicht eines Hubmechanismus,
• Fig. 6: eine Teildraufsicht auf die Vorrichtung im Bereich des Hubmechanismus,
• Fig. 7: einen Teillängsschnitt durch eine Spindel­führung.

The drawings show:

• 1: a system sketch in spatial representation,
• 2: a side view of a device,
• 3: a rear view of a device,
• 4: a front view of a wheel suspension,
• 5: a side view of a lifting mechanism,
• 6: a partial top view of the device in the area of the lifting mechanism,
• Fig. 7: a partial longitudinal section through a spindle guide.

A device consists essentially of a frame (1) and a lifting mechanism (2). The lifting mechanism (2) is slidably mounted in a casing tube (3). The casing tube (3) forms, together with another casing tube (4), struts of the frame (1) which extend in the vertical direction. Parallel to the casing pipes (3,4) end supports (5,6), one of which delimits the frame (1) at the front and rear.

The casing tubes (3, 4) and the end supports (5, 6) are connected to one another by longitudinal struts (7, 8). The longitudinal struts (7, 8) can, for example, be welded both to the casing tubes (3, 4) and to the end supports (5, 6). An upper longitudinal strut runs in the area of the upper ends of the end supports (5,6) or the casing pipes (3,4), while a lower longitudinal strut (8) runs in the area of the lower ends of the casing pipes (3,4) or end supports ( 5.6) runs.

In the area of the casing tubes (3, 4), cross struts (9, 10) run across the lower longitudinal strut (8) on which the frame is supported. Both the longitudinal struts (7,8) and the cross struts (9,10) can be made from U-profiles (11). In the area of the lower longitudinal struts (8) and the transverse struts (9, 10), wooden beams (12, 13) extend through the U-profiles (11), the longitudinal edges (14, 15) of which between the legs (16, 17) of the U- Profiles (11) are performed. With a further longitudinal edge (18), the wooden beams (12, 13) rest against a yoke (19) connecting the legs (16, 17), which is supported on the wooden beams (12, 13). The yoke (19) with its outer surface (20) faces the casing tubes (3, 4), so that the legs (16, 17) extend in the direction of a base (21) on which the frame (1) with the Wooden beam (12, 13) rests.

The casing tubes (3, 4) which rise vertically on the longitudinal struts (7, 8) are supported with respect to the longitudinal struts (7, 8) by means of angle plates (22, 23, 24, 25). These angle plates (22, 23, 24, 25) each have a right angle (26) between two cathets (27, 28) with which the angle plates each on one of the casing tubes (3, 4) on the one hand and on the lower longitudinal strut (8 ) on the other hand and are firmly connected to them via weld seams (29). Every casing tube (3,4) is supported on two opposite sides by an angle plate (22,23; 24,25). In addition, the jacket tubes (3, 4) are supported with the aid of further large angle plates (30, 31) which span surfaces transversely to the direction of the angle plates (22, 23; 24.25) and on the one hand with longer cathets (32, 33) with the jacket tubes (3, 4) and on the other hand with shorter cathets (34, 35) with the cross struts (9, 10) are firmly connected via welds (36, 37). Similarly, the jacket pipes (3, 4) are braced at their upper ends (38, 39) with respect to the upper longitudinal strut (7) via angle plates (40, 41). For example, stiffening plates (42, 43) are provided in the area of the upper ends (38, 39), which on the one hand extend to the upper longitudinal strut (7) and on the other hand each have two opposite side edges via weld seams (44, 45) with the end supports (5,6) and on the other hand are firmly connected to the casing tubes (4,5) via welds (46, 47).

In addition, the stiffening plates (42, 43) are connected at their edges (48, 49) facing away from the upper longitudinal struts (7) to a central longitudinal strut (50). This central longitudinal strut (50) extends at a distance (52) from the upper longitudinal strut (7), which corresponds approximately to a lifting height of the supporting profile (51) by which the supporting profile (51) is raised above the longitudinal strut (7) can be.

The central longitudinal strut (50) is composed of three parts, of which a central part (53) extends between the casing tubes (3, 4), is firmly connected to them and is designed as a corrugated tube (54). A connecting shaft (55) extends through this shaft tube (54). In addition, the central longitudinal strut (50) consists of two end parts (56, 57), which each extend between an end support (5, 6) and the adjacent casing tube (3, 4). The end parts (56, 57) are designed in the form of U-shaped tunnels, the legs of which run in approximately vertical planes and approximately circular curved yoke are connected. The edges (48, 49) of the stiffening plates (42, 43) are welded to this circularly curved yoke. A shaft (58) which drives the lifting mechanism (2) runs through the front end part (57).

The shaft (58) extends between two bearings (59, 60), of which a front bearing (59) is integrated in the front end support (5) and a middle bearing (60) in the casing tube (3). The bearings (59, 60) essentially consist of bearing shells (61, 62) which each extend through covers (63, 64). These covers (63, 64) cover openings (65, 66), of which a central opening (65) in the casing tube (3) and a front opening (66) in the front end support (5) are provided. The covers (63, 64) are each screwed to the walls of the end support (5) or the casing tube (3). The shaft (58) extends through the openings (65, 66) into an interior (67) of the casing tube (3) and an interior (68) of the front end support (5). In the interior (68), the shaft (58) ends with its front end (69), which is provided with a coupling. This clutch is designed as a square (70) on which an inner square (71) of a crank (72) is placed. With the help of this crank (72) the shaft can be rotated about its central axis (73).

A ring gear (76) is fastened on a spring (75) on a part (74) of the shaft (58) protruding into the interior (67). With a ring gear (77), this forms an angular gear, via which a spindle (78) is coupled to the shaft (58). This spindle (78) extends through the casing tube (3) which surrounds the spindle (78) concentrically. The ring gear (77) is fastened on a pin (79) of the spindle (78) facing the shaft (58) by means of a spring (80).

The spindle (78) has on its surface (81) facing the casing tube (3) one over the entire surface Length of the spindle (78) extending thread (82), in which a corresponding thread (83) of a nut (84) is guided. If the spindle is rotated about its center line (85), the nut (84) moves up and down within the casing tube (3), depending on the direction of rotation of the spindle (78).

The spindle (78) is mounted in a slide bearing (86) which is fitted into a bearing piece (87). The shaft (85) is guided in the slide bearing (86) with a bearing journal (88), the radius of which is smaller by a collar (89) than the radius of the spindle (78) in the region of the surface (81). At this collar (89) there is an offset (90) with which the slide bearing (86) is bent outwards in a direction facing away from the bearing journal (88). In the area of this offset (90), the slide bearing (86) receives an axial thrust occurring in the spindle (78).

The bearing piece (87) is fastened to a guide tube (91) that extends concentrically to the casing tube (3, 4) through it. The guide tube (91) is fixedly connected to an upper part (92) of a flange (93) by its upper end facing away from the bearing piece (87). This upper part (92) is supported on a lower part (94) of the flange (93). The lower part (94) is firmly connected to the upper longitudinal strut (7). The two parts (92, 94) are pressed together by screws (95). In this way it is ensured that the guide tube (91) with the bearing piece (87) attached to it is firmly secured in the casing tube (3).

In the guide tube (91) a sleeve (96) is guided concentrically to the casing tube (3). This sleeve (96) is firmly connected to the nut (84) via a weld seam (97). In addition, the sleeve (96) is guided in the region of the upper part (92) via a seal (98) which prevents dirt from penetrating into the casing tube (3) via the flange (93) can.

The sleeve (96) projects with its upper end (99) beyond the flange (93) and is firmly connected to a force-absorbing profile (100) via weld seams (101). This force-absorbing profile (100) is designed as a U-profile, the legs (102, 103) of which are supported with their free ends (104, 105) on the flange (93). The force-absorbing profile extends from the respectively adjacent end pieces (5, 6) parallel to the upper longitudinal strut (7) beyond the casing tubes (3, 4). The supporting profile (51) receiving an object (106) to be jacked extends over the entire length of the frame (1) over the force-absorbing profiles (100), one of which is assigned to the sleeves (96) which extend through the casing tubes ( 3,4) extend. The load-bearing profile (51), like the force-absorbing profiles (100), is designed as a U-profile, which rests with its yoke (107) on the yokes (108) of the force-absorbing profiles (100) facing it. The yoke (107) is connected to the yokes (108) by screw connections (109).

A wooden beam (110) extends through the supporting profile (51), which rests on the yoke (107) and is guided by legs (111, 112) of the supporting profile (51). This wooden beam (110) projects beyond the legs (111, 112) so that it receives the object (106) to be jacked up. The relatively large friction between the support beam (110) and the object (106) to be jacked ensures that the object (106) to be jacked is guided securely by the supporting profile (51).

The connecting shaft (55) connects the shaft (58) to a shaft end (113) corresponding to it, from which a spindle (114) corresponding to the casing tube (4) is driven via an angular gear (115) which consists of the same ring gears, as they are arranged within the casing tube (3). In this way, the connecting shaft (55) rigid coupling between the two angular gears, so that it is ensured that the two spindles guided in the casing tubes (3, 4) perform the same movements when the shaft (58) is rotated. In this way, the load-bearing profile (51) in the area of the two jacket tubes (3, 4) is raised by the same amount when the shaft (58) rotates. In principle, the angular gear (115) can also be driven by a separate shaft. In this case, however, the speeds at which the spindles (78) are rotated must be synchronized.

In order to enable the connection shaft (55) to be guided exactly within the shaft tube (54), the connection shaft (55) is mounted within the shaft tube (54) with the aid of displaceable bearings (116). This mounting enables compensation of the longitudinal expansion of the shaft tube (54) with respect to the connecting shaft (55).

A carriage (117) is provided on the lower longitudinal strut (8) for transporting the frame (1). A bracket (18) in the form of a U-profile is attached to the lower longitudinal strut (8). This U-profile spans the lower longitudinal strut (8) with its two legs (119, 120). A wheel (121, 122) acting on the bottom (21) is rotatably attached to the two legs (119, 120) on stub shafts (123, 124). The two stub shafts (123, 124) protrude outwards in a direction pointing away from the longitudinal strut (8).

A sleeve (126) is fastened on a yoke (125) connecting the legs to one another and points upwards in a vertical direction pointing away from the longitudinal strut (8). A bolt (127) extends through this sleeve (126) and projects through a bore provided in the yoke (125) and is fastened in the sleeve (126) so as to be longitudinally displaceable on the longitudinal strut (8). The bolt (127) carries at its end (128) facing away from the yoke (125) a nut (129), the thread of which de meshes with an external thread (130) provided on the bolt (127). A helical spring (132), the inner diameter of which is larger than the outer diameter of the sleeve (126), presses against the nut (129) or against a washer (131) resting against the nut (129), so that the helical spring (132) extends in the longitudinal direction of the Sleeve (126) and the bolt (127) is slidably guided on this. The spiral spring (132) presses the driving value (117) in a vertical direction onto the floor (21).

The spiral spring (132) has a spring force which is sufficient to press the undercarriage (117) against the weight of the frame (1) onto the floor (21). However, as soon as an additional weight is introduced into the frame (1) via the supporting profile (51), the spring force of the coil spring (132) is no longer sufficient to absorb this additional weight, so that the longitudinal strut (8) counteracts the spring force of the coil spring (132) lowered towards the floor (21) and the coil spring (132) is compressed. This ensures that the carriage (117) is extended in the direction of the floor (21) for transporting the unloaded frame (1), while in the loaded state of the frame (1), the chassis in the direction of the end (128 ) of the bolt (127) is retracted so that the longitudinal strut (8) rests with its wooden beam (13) on the floor (21).

Instead of the wooden beams (12, 13 or 110), other anti-slip means can also be provided in the area of the longitudinal struts (7, 8) or cross struts (9, 10), for example rubber or cork inserts. In addition, however, it is also possible to provide lashing means on the longitudinal struts (7, 8) or transverse struts (9, 10), with the aid of which the frame (1) on the one hand or the object (106) to be jacked up on the other hand can be lashed. In particular, twist locks or other bolts are considered for this purpose, which are attached to the longitudinal struts (7, 8) on the one hand and the cross struts (9, 10) on the other hand and in corresponding Recesses of the bottom (21) on the one hand or of the object (106) to be jacked up on the other hand. For example, the openings provided in the corner fittings of containers come into consideration.

Claims (15)

1. Device for supporting a jacked-up object against a floor with a base surface of the object receiving support surface, characterized in that the support surface has a preselectably variable height relative to the floor (21). 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the bearing surface is mounted via a lifting mechanism (2) in at least one frame (1) standing on the floor (21). 3. Apparatus according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the lifting mechanism (2) has a mechanical drive which is connected to a mechanical changeover gear. 4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the mechanical drive is designed as a spindle (78, 114) rotating about a vertical axis, in the threads (82) of which a nut (84) is guided on which a Supporting bearing surface sleeve (96) through which the spindle (78) extends. 5. Apparatus according to claim 1 to 4, characterized in that the nut (84) on the thread (82) of the spindle (78) is guided self-locking. 6. The device according to claim 1 to 5, characterized in that the sleeve (96) is welded to the nut (84) and is displaceably mounted in a guide tube (91) which with a jacket tube (3) concentrically surrounding it via a flange (93), one part (92) of which is connected to the guide tube (91) and the other part (94) of which is connected to the casing tube (3) and the two parts (92, 94) of which are connected to one another by a screw connection (95) are. 7. The device according to claim 1 to 6, characterized in that At least two casing tubes (3, 4) are arranged along their length, each of which is fastened by a cross and longitudinal strut (9, 10; 7, 8), and that the cross and longitudinal struts (9, 10; 7, 8) consist of U-profiles, the yokes (19) facing the jacket tubes (3, 4) and in each of which an insert protruding from their legs (16, 17) is inserted, which consists of a slip-preventing material. 8. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that the upper longitudinal strut (7) overstretched with the casing tube (3, 4) connected part (94) of the flange (93) is fixedly connected. 9. The device according to claim 1 to 8, characterized in that the spindle (78) via an angular gear (115) is provided with a driving spindle drive, which is designed as a shaft (58) which is approximately parallel to the longitudinal struts (7, 8, 50) extending in the longitudinal direction through the frame (1). 10. The device according to claim 1 to 9, characterized in that at least two spindles (78) are arranged within the frame (1), which are provided with synchronously running drives. 11. The device according to claim 1 to 10, characterized in that supported on the flange (93) in the lowest position of the sleeve (96) as a U-shaped force-absorbing profile (100) with its legs (102, 103) and that between the legs (102, 103) of the U-profile, the sleeve (96) protrudes with its end (99) and is welded to its yoke (107). 12. The apparatus according to claim 1 to 11, characterized in that a load-bearing profile (51) extends over the force-absorbing profile (100) of the two sleeves (96), on which brackets for receiving counter-brackets are attached, which are attached to the raised object (106) are fastened, and that the brackets are designed as twistlocks which fit into corresponding openings in the object which is jacked up (106). 13. The apparatus according to claim 1 to 12, characterized in that a chassis (117) is attached to the frame (1). 14. The apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that the undercarriage (117) is extended under the influence of the dead weight of the frame (1), but is retracted when receiving load and with at least one wheel (121, 122) the floor (21) acted upon. 15. The apparatus according to claim 1 to 2, characterized in that the lifting mechanism (2) has a hydraulic drive which is provided with a pump which is hydraulically connected to at least two spatially separate pressure cylinders via a pressure compensation.

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