EP0342571B2 - Abdeckfolie für Menüschale - Google Patents

Abdeckfolie für Menüschale Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0342571B2
EP0342571B2 EP89108710A EP89108710A EP0342571B2 EP 0342571 B2 EP0342571 B2 EP 0342571B2 EP 89108710 A EP89108710 A EP 89108710A EP 89108710 A EP89108710 A EP 89108710A EP 0342571 B2 EP0342571 B2 EP 0342571B2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
metal
printing ink
foil cover
food
tray
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89108710A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0342571B1 (de
EP0342571A1 (de
Inventor
Bruno Bürkel
Arno Holzmüller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Huhtamaki Grundstuecksverwaltungs GmbH Ronsberg
Original Assignee
4P Verpackungen Ronsberg GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by 4P Verpackungen Ronsberg GmbH filed Critical 4P Verpackungen Ronsberg GmbH
Priority to AT89108710T priority Critical patent/ATE71910T1/de
Publication of EP0342571A1 publication Critical patent/EP0342571A1/de
Publication of EP0342571B1 publication Critical patent/EP0342571B1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0342571B2 publication Critical patent/EP0342571B2/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D81/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
    • B65D81/34—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging foodstuffs or other articles intended to be cooked or heated within the package
    • B65D81/3446—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging foodstuffs or other articles intended to be cooked or heated within the package specially adapted to be heated by microwaves
    • B65D81/3453—Rigid containers, e.g. trays, bottles, boxes, cups
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2581/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
    • B65D2581/34—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging foodstuffs or other articles intended to be cooked or heated within
    • B65D2581/3437—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging foodstuffs or other articles intended to be cooked or heated within specially adapted to be heated by microwaves
    • B65D2581/3463—Means for applying microwave reactive material to the package
    • B65D2581/3464—Microwave reactive material applied by ink printing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2581/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
    • B65D2581/34—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging foodstuffs or other articles intended to be cooked or heated within
    • B65D2581/3437—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging foodstuffs or other articles intended to be cooked or heated within specially adapted to be heated by microwaves
    • B65D2581/3471—Microwave reactive substances present in the packaging material
    • B65D2581/3472—Aluminium or compounds thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2581/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
    • B65D2581/34—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging foodstuffs or other articles intended to be cooked or heated within
    • B65D2581/3437—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging foodstuffs or other articles intended to be cooked or heated within specially adapted to be heated by microwaves
    • B65D2581/3486—Dielectric characteristics of microwave reactive packaging
    • B65D2581/3489—Microwave reflector, i.e. microwave shield
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
    • Y10T428/1352—Polymer or resin containing [i.e., natural or synthetic]
    • Y10T428/1355—Elemental metal containing [e.g., substrate, foil, film, coating, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
    • Y10T428/1352—Polymer or resin containing [i.e., natural or synthetic]
    • Y10T428/1397—Single layer [continuous layer]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cover sheet for a multi-zone menu tray for ready meals or the like, the content of which is to be heated in the closed state by irradiated microwave energy and which contains a metal layer applied in the printing process, which opposes the microwave energy and the cover sheet at least is partially coated with printing ink, this layer containing metals and / or metal compounds which are applied in different amounts and / or different distribution with the printing ink in accordance with the intended heating.
  • the individual zones of the cover film are more or less covered with the metal, the permeability to microwaves being controlled by the application of more or less metal. Both the application itself and the different distribution is very simple through the use of the printing process.
  • a cover is known in broad accordance with the preamble of claim 1, but which is made of cardboard and has a sealable plastic layer facing the container.
  • a menu tray is already known from EP-A-0206811, the cover part of which is provided with differently sized aluminum foil sections, by means of which the microwaves are shielded at these points. This makes it possible to apply microwaves to different foods in such a way that they are cooked at the same time. This is very cheap, but attaching the aluminum foil sections is very difficult and expensive.
  • JP-A-54133999 A similar embodiment is also known from JP-A-54133999, in which a cover metal foil is provided with windows through which the microwave energy can penetrate into the container unhindered, while it is otherwise retained by the metal foil.
  • the invention is based on the object of equipping a cover film for menu trays so that different energy rates can be effective in the components or zones to be heated.
  • the amount of metal required for the metal layer should be kept as low as possible.
  • Metals in cut form have a much better effect on microwaves than in powder form. With the same mass used, such particles have a larger microwave-effective surface than particles of a conventional metal powder. This has the advantage that the amount of metal used can be reduced with the same covering effect.
  • a Heusler alloy is provided as the metal or metal compound, which changes its permeability to the microwave radiation as a function of the temperature.
  • Heusler's alloy has a ferromagnetism which affects the permeability of the microwaves in different ways when the temperature changes. This property is advantageously used in the context of the invention in order to be able to cook products with different energy requirements at the same time.
  • FIG. 1 in FIG. 1 denotes a round menu bowl, which is provided on its outer edge with a sealing edge 7, onto which a cover film 8 is sealed.
  • This cover film is printed in a manner not shown, aluminum sections being contained in the printing ink in sections 9, 10 and 11. Section 9 contains about twice as much aluminum as in the other two sections.
  • FIG. 2 shows a rectangular menu tray 12, which is divided into two chambers 14, 15 and 16 by two inner webs 13.
  • the chambers are closed by a cover film 18, which is sealed not only on the sealing edge 17 of the menu tray 12, but also on the inner webs 13 drawn to the same height.
  • the cover film is again coated with printing ink containing ground aluminum. Depending on the contents contained in the chambers, these sections contain different quantities or a different distribution of aluminum grinding.
  • the aluminum and / or other zones can also be optically covered.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Package Specialized In Special Use (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)
  • Wrappers (AREA)
  • Cookers (AREA)
  • General Preparation And Processing Of Foods (AREA)
  • Details Of Rigid Or Semi-Rigid Containers (AREA)
  • Professional, Industrial, Or Sporting Protective Garments (AREA)
  • Mechanical Pencils And Projecting And Retracting Systems Therefor, And Multi-System Writing Instruments (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)
  • Table Devices Or Equipment (AREA)

Description

  • Die Erfindung betrifft eine Abdeckfolie für eine mit mehreren Zonen ausgerüstete Menüschale für Fertiggerichte od.dgl., deren Inhalt im geschlossenen Zustand durch eingestrahlte Mikrowellenenergie erwärmt werden soll und die eine im Druckverfahren aufgebrachte Metallschicht enthält, welche der Mikrowellenenergie einen Widerstand entgegensetzt und wobei die Abdeckfolie mindestens teilweise mit Druckfarbe beschichtet ist, wobei diese Schicht Metalle und/oder Metallverbindungen enthält, die entsprechend der vorgesehenen Erwärmung in unterschiedlicher Menge und/oder unterschiedlicher Verteilung mit der Druckfarbe aufgetragen sind.
  • Dabei ist es möglich, daß die einzelnen Zonen der Abdeckfolie mehr oder weniger mit dem Metall abgedeckt werden, wobei durch das Aufbringen von mehr oder weniger Metall die Durchlässigkeit für Mikrowellen gesteuert wird. Sowohl das Aufbringen selbst als auch die unterschiedliche Verteilung ist dabei durch die Anwendung des Druckverfahrens sehr einfach.
  • Aus der GB-C-1.593.523 ist in weitgehender Übereinstimmung mit dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 eine Abdeckung bekannt, die aber aus Karton hergestellt ist und eine siegelfähige, dem Behälter zugekehrte Kunststoffschicht aufweist.
  • Aus der EP-A-0206811 ist bereits eine Menüschale bekannt, deren Deckelteil mit unterschiedlich großen Aluminium-Folien-Abschnitten versehen ist, durch welche die Mikrowellen an diesen Stellen abgeschirmtwerden. Dadurch ist es möglich, unterschiedliche Nahrungsmittel so mit Mikrowellen zu beaufschlagen, daß sie gleichzeitig garwerden. Dies ist sehr günstig, jedoch ist das Anbringen derAluminium-Folien-Abschnitte sehr schwierig und aufwendig.
  • Eine ähnliche Ausgestaltung ist auch aus der JP-A-54133999 bekannt, bei der eine Abdeck-Metallfolie mit Fenstern versehen ist, durch welche die Mikrowellenenergie ungehindert in den Behälter eindringen kann, während sie im übrigen durch die Metallfolie zurückgehalten wird.
  • Aus der GB-A-1110776 ist es darüber hinaus bekannt, die obere Wand eines Nahrungsmittel-Behälters mit einer Metallbeschichtung zu versehen, um diese für Mikrowellen undurchlässig zu machen.
  • Alle diese Ausgestaltungen lassen die Mikrowellen entweder ungehindert durch oder blockieren diese vollständig.
  • Der Erfindung liegt dagegen die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Abdeckfolie für Menüschalen so auszurüsten, daß unterschiedliche Energieraten in den zu erwärmenden Komponenten bzw. Zonen wirksam werden können. Außerdem soll die für die Metallschicht notwendige Metallmenge möglichst gering gehalten werden.
  • Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß die Metalle bzw. Metallverbindungen in Schlifform verwendet sind.
  • Metalle in Schlifform haben auf Mikrowellen eine wesentlich bessere Wirkung als in Pulverform. Solche Partikel haben bei gleicher eingesetzter Masse eine größere mikrowellenwirksame Oberfläche als Partikel eines üblichen Metallpulvers. Dieses hat den Vorteil, daß die eingesetzte Metallmenge bei gleicher Abdeckwirkung verringert werden kann.
  • Sehr vorteilhaft ist es auch, wenn als Metall Aluminium vorgesehen ist.
  • Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung liegt darin, daß als Metall bzw. Metallverbindung eine Heuslersche Legierung vorgesehen ist, die in Abhängigkeit der Temperatur ihre Durchlässigkeit der Mikrowellenstrahlung verändert.
  • Es ist bekannt, daß die Heuslersche Legierung einen Ferromagnetismus aufweist, der sich bei verändernden Temperaturen in unterschiedlicher Weise auf die Durchlässigkeit der Mikrowellen auswirkt. Diese Eigenschaft wird im Rahmen der Erfindung in vorteilhafter Weise ausgenutzt, um Füllgüter mit unterschiedlichem Energiebedarf gleichzeitig garen zu können.
  • In der Zeichnung ist die Erfindung anhand zweier Ausführungsbeipiele veranschaulicht. Dabei zeigen :
    • Fig. 1 ein Schaubild einer runden Menüschale, die durch eine aufgesiegelte Abdeckfolie verschlossen ist, und
    • Fig. 2 ein Schaubild einer weiteren Menüschale, die mit drei Kammern ausgerüstet ist.
  • Mit 1 ist in Fig. 1 eine runde Menüschale bezeichnet, die an ihrer Außenkante mit einem Siegelrand 7 versehen ist, auf den eine Abdeckfolie 8 aufgesiegelt ist. Diese Abdeckfolie ist in nicht näher dargestellter Weise bedruckt, wobei in den Abschnitten 9, 10 und 11 Aluminium-Schliff in der Druckfarbe enthalten ist. Im Abschnitt 9 ist dabei etwa doppelt so viel Aluminium enthalten wie in den beiden anderen Abschnitten.
  • In Fig. 2 ist eine rechteckige Menüschale 12 dargestellt, die durch zwei Innenstege 13 in drei Kammern 14, 15 und 16 unterteilt ist. Die Kammern sind durch eine Abdeckfolie 18 verschlossen, die nicht nur am Siegelrand 17 der Menüschale 12, sondern auch an den in die gleiche Höhe gezogenen Innenstegen 13 angesiegelt ist. In den Abschnitten 19, 20 und 21 ist die Abdeckfolie wieder mit Aluminium-Schliff enthaltender Druckfarbe beschichtet. Dabei enthalten diese Abschnitte je nach dem in den Kammem enthaltenen Füllgut unterschiedliche Mengen bzw. eine unterschiedliche Verteilung an Aluminium-Schliff.
  • Durch weitere Druckfarben kann noch eine optische Abdeckung des Aluminiums und/oder anderer Zonen erfolgen.

Claims (3)

1. Abdeckfolie(8,18) für eine mit mehreren Zonen ausgerüstete Menüschale(1, 12) für Fertiggerichte od.dgl., deren Inhalt im geschlossenen Zustand durch eingestrahlte Mikrowellenenergie erwärmt werden soll und die eine im Druckverfahren aufgebrachte Metallschicht enthält, welche der Mikrowellenenergie einen Widerstand entgegensetzt und wobei die Abdeckfolie(8, 18) mindestens teilweise mit Druckfarbe beschichtet ist, wobei diese Schicht Metalle und/oder Metallverbindungen enthält, die entsprechend der vorgesehenen Erwärmung in unterschiedlicher Menge und/oder unterschiedlicher Verteilung mit der Druckfarbe aufgetragen sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Metalle bzw. Metallverbindungen in Schlifform verwendet sind.
2. Abdeckfolie nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Metall Aluminium vorgesehen ist.
3. Abdeckfolie nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Metall bzw. Metallverbindung eine Heuslersche Legierung vorgesehen ist, die in Abhängigkeit der Temperatur ihre Durchlässigkeit der Mikrowellenstrahlung verändert.
EP89108710A 1988-05-20 1989-05-16 Abdeckfolie für Menüschale Expired - Lifetime EP0342571B2 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT89108710T ATE71910T1 (de) 1988-05-20 1989-05-16 Abdeckfolie fuer menueschale.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3817275 1988-05-20
DE3817275A DE3817275A1 (de) 1988-05-20 1988-05-20 Abdeckfolie fuer menueschale

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0342571A1 EP0342571A1 (de) 1989-11-23
EP0342571B1 EP0342571B1 (de) 1992-01-22
EP0342571B2 true EP0342571B2 (de) 1994-08-03

Family

ID=6354823

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89108710A Expired - Lifetime EP0342571B2 (de) 1988-05-20 1989-05-16 Abdeckfolie für Menüschale

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US4973502A (de)
EP (1) EP0342571B2 (de)
JP (1) JPH0232979A (de)
AT (1) ATE71910T1 (de)
DE (2) DE3817275A1 (de)
DK (1) DK170837B1 (de)
ES (1) ES2033486T5 (de)
GR (1) GR3004275T3 (de)
NO (1) NO176956C (de)
PT (2) PT90617A (de)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US12209190B2 (en) 2017-07-25 2025-01-28 Magnomer, Inc. Methods and compositions for magnetizable plastics

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US5126520A (en) * 1991-03-25 1992-06-30 G & S Metal Products Company, Inc. Shielded cover for a microwave container
US5645300A (en) * 1995-09-29 1997-07-08 Moore Business Forms, Inc. Vegetable label wrapper
TW491691B (en) * 1997-05-19 2002-06-21 Commw Scient Ind Res Org Microwave browning of vegetables
NL1025282C2 (nl) 2004-01-19 2005-07-20 Shieltronics B V Werkwijze voor het produceren van houderdelen, houderdelen, werkwijze voor het produceren van een meerlaagsfolie, meerlaagsfolie.
US8850964B2 (en) 2005-10-20 2014-10-07 Conagra Foods Rdm, Inc. Cooking method and apparatus
US8302528B2 (en) 2005-10-20 2012-11-06 Conagra Foods Rdm, Inc. Cooking method and apparatus
US9211030B2 (en) * 2005-10-20 2015-12-15 Conagra Foods Rdm, Inc. Steam cooking apparatus
US9132951B2 (en) 2005-11-23 2015-09-15 Conagra Foods Rdm, Inc. Food tray
CA2527770C (en) 2005-11-21 2014-07-22 Steven M. Parsons Food tray
US8866056B2 (en) 2007-03-02 2014-10-21 Conagra Foods Rdm, Inc. Multi-component packaging system and apparatus
US8497455B2 (en) * 2009-03-11 2013-07-30 Bemis Company, Inc. Microwave cooking containers with shielding
NZ600646A (en) 2009-12-30 2013-09-27 Heinz Co H J Multi-temperature and multi-texture frozen food microwave heating tray
USD717162S1 (en) 2012-06-12 2014-11-11 Conagra Foods Rdm, Inc. Container
US9027825B2 (en) 2012-06-12 2015-05-12 Conagra Foods Rdm, Inc. Container assembly and foldable container system
FR3020754A1 (fr) * 2014-05-06 2015-11-13 Jean Jacques Grand Plateaux repas congeles ou frais decongelables et rechauffables en un unique passage au four micro-ondes de sorte que chaque element du repas soit a la bonne temperature de consommation
JP7494192B2 (ja) 2019-01-30 2024-06-03 マグノマー， インコーポレイテッド 磁化可能なプラスチックのための方法および組成物

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US12209190B2 (en) 2017-07-25 2025-01-28 Magnomer, Inc. Methods and compositions for magnetizable plastics

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0342571B1 (de) 1992-01-22
EP0342571A1 (de) 1989-11-23
NO176956B (no) 1995-03-20
DK245089D0 (da) 1989-05-19
DE3817275C2 (de) 1992-05-07
US4973502A (en) 1990-11-27
NO892014L (no) 1989-11-21
PT90617A (pt) 1989-11-30
DK170837B1 (da) 1996-02-05
NO176956C (no) 1995-07-05
DE58900750D1 (de) 1992-03-05
JPH0232979A (ja) 1990-02-02
ES2033486T3 (es) 1993-03-16
PT9209U (pt) 1997-07-31
DK245089A (da) 1989-11-21
ES2033486T5 (es) 1995-08-16
ATE71910T1 (de) 1992-02-15
PT9209T (pt) 1996-04-30
GR3004275T3 (en) 1993-03-31
NO892014D0 (no) 1989-05-19
DE3817275A1 (de) 1989-11-23

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