EP0341200A1 - Photographischer Zusammenbau - Google Patents

Photographischer Zusammenbau Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0341200A1
EP0341200A1 EP89810279A EP89810279A EP0341200A1 EP 0341200 A1 EP0341200 A1 EP 0341200A1 EP 89810279 A EP89810279 A EP 89810279A EP 89810279 A EP89810279 A EP 89810279A EP 0341200 A1 EP0341200 A1 EP 0341200A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
photographic
layer
beads
reaction mixture
weight
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP89810279A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Philip James Harris
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ilford Imaging UK Ltd
Original Assignee
Ilford Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ilford Ltd filed Critical Ilford Ltd
Publication of EP0341200A1 publication Critical patent/EP0341200A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/76—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers
    • G03C1/95—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers rendered opaque or writable, e.g. with inert particulate additives
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
    • G03C1/06—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with non-macromolecular additives
    • G03C1/32—Matting agents
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/76—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers
    • G03C1/7614—Cover layers; Backing layers; Base or auxiliary layers characterised by means for lubricating, for rendering anti-abrasive or for preventing adhesion

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a new photographic assembly which has an anti-static layer.
  • Static electricity is generated when an insulating material, such as film base, comes into close contact with another surface, e.g. a roller or another piece of film base and the two surfaces are then separated.
  • another surface e.g. a roller or another piece of film base
  • static charge reaches a critical point discharge sparks occur.
  • the film base carries a photosensitive layer
  • a latent image is formed by this discharge and on photographic development a static mark is found to be present on the processed film material which can be of a feather form or a radical spot. Such marks are often of sufficient density to render the processed material useless.
  • various methods have been introduced such as earthing all the transport rollers in a film manufacturing plant.
  • the other main method is to coat a so-called antistatic agent on one and/or other side of the film base.
  • Such substances include antiblocking agents which form a rough surface on the film and prevent close contact with another surface.
  • Mineral particles and in particular silica particles are often used in anti-block (anti-stick) layers but a number of disadvantages are encountered when using mineral particles. In most cases, materials are used which have a broad particle size distribution, which means that a high concentration of the matting agent is required, as it is the only larger particles that provide the antiblocking effect.
  • the presence of the smaller particles can lead to a "milky" appearance, which is undesirable when transparent images are required.
  • the relatively high density of mineral particles may result in settling during coating, thus causing the particles not to be at the surface of the gelatin layer thus reducing their efficiency.
  • Hydrophobic polymer particles have also been employed as antiblocking agents. Fine dispersions of polymeric materials are obtained when the polymers are formed using emulsion polymerisation techniques. The particle sizes are, however, always less than 1 ⁇ m, which makes them unsuitable as antiblocking agents. Other methods are available to produce larger polymer particles between 1 and 10 ⁇ m, however the size distribution is usually very wide leading to a large proportion of undersized particles. It has proved difficult to prepare polymer particles with a predetermined particle size.
  • PMMA Polymethyl methacrylate
  • Polystyrene particles have also been proposed to be used as antiblocking agents in the photographic industry, but the size distribution of the particles is also great.
  • a photographic assembly which comprises on a base at least one silver halide emulsion layer and at least one gelatinous layer which comprises a dispersion of monosize solid spherical beads of polystyrene having a size between 2 and 15 ⁇ m, said beads having been prepared by a process of dissolving in a substantially non-aqueous solvent from 12 - 40 % by weight based on the solvent of styrene, from 0.5 - 3 % by weight based on the styrene of a free radical forming polymerisation initiator and as stabiliser a mixture of polyvinyl pyrrolidone and an anionic or a non-ionic surfactant, the amount of polyvinyl pyrolidone being from 1.0 to 3.0 % by weight based on the total weight of the reaction mixture and the amount of the surfactant being from 0.2 to 1.5 % by weight also based on the total weight of the reaction mixture, the reaction mixture being heated to
  • paddle stirrer is used in the preparation of the polystyrene beads and this is rotated between 20 - 150 r.p.m. during the reaction.
  • the substantially non-aqueous solvent used is ethanol as absolute alcohol or so called 99% industrial methylated spirits (IMS 99).
  • non-aqueous solvents for use in the preparation of the polystyrene beads include for example ethylene glycol methyl ether, pentane, hexane, n-heptane, n-octane and cyclohexane, methanol and isopropanol. These solvents can be used alone or in admixture or mixed with ethanol.
  • suitable solvents are a 40:60 mixture of methanol and isopropanol and ethanol containing 10% of cyclohexane.
  • a particularly useful surfactant is the anionic sulphosuccinate range of surfactants. These are manufactured by American Cyanamid under the name of "Aerosol”. (R.T.M.).
  • a particularly useful free radical polymerisation initiator is azobisisobutyronitrile.
  • the layer which comprises the dispersion of polystyrene beads must be either a non-stress layer coated as a top layer on the silver halide emulsion layer or it must be coated on the side of the assembly distal to the silver halide emulsion layer as a top coating.
  • the photographic assembly of the present invention may comprise any type of silver halide emulsion layer or layers as used for black and white or colour photography.
  • the photographic base may be any base used for photographic materials such as biaxially oriented polystyrene, polycarbonate or polyethylene terephthalate or a cellulose based material such as cellulose acetate-butyrate or cellulose triacetate.
  • the base may be a polyethylene coated paper base. Static electricity is often generated by such paper bases but as the silver halide coated on paper base is usually not very light sensitive static discharge is usually not strong enough to form a latent image.
  • the preferred amount of polystyrene beads to be present in the gelatinous layer is from 0.01 to 20.0 g per 100 g of gelatin and most preferably from 0.1 to 5.0 g.
  • the gelatinous layer may be pure gelatin or it may comprise modified gelatin for example phthalated gelatin or it may comprise so-called gelatin extenders such as polyvinylpyrrolidone or polyvinyl alcohol.
  • the gelatinous layer may comprise additives in addition t the polystyrene beads.
  • additives are humectants, U-V absorbing compounds, electro-conductive compounds such as anionic fluoridated surfactants, coating aids and gelatin hardening agents such as formaldehyde.
  • the layer which comprises the dispersion of polystyrene beads is coated on the side of the assembly distal to the silver halide emulsion layer or layers it may also act as an antihalation layer and comprise process dischargeable antihalation dyes.
  • any of the known techniques used for the application of aqueous coating compositions may be used to coat the layer which comprises the dispersion of polystyrene beads.
  • the layer can be coated by spray coating, dip coating, swirl coating, extrusion hopper coating, curtain coating, air knife coating, or other coating techniques.
  • the thickness of the coated layer will depend upon the particular requirements of the element involved. Typically, the dry weight coverage is in the range of 0.2 to 4 grams per square meter and most usually in the range from 1 to 3 grams per square meter.
  • Drying of the coated layer can be carried out over a wide range of temperatures. For example; temperatures of from 20°C to 130°C and preferably from 75°C to 115°C generally give satisfactory results.
  • a subbing layer is advantageously employed to improve the bonding of the antistatic layer to the support.
  • Subbing compositions for this purpose are known in the art and include, for example, interpolymers of vinylidene chloride such as vinylidene chloride/acrylonitrile/acrylic acid terpolymers.
  • polyvinylpyrrolidone 146.85g and anionic sulphosuccinate surfactant, 40.71 g are dissolved in absolute alcohol 7270 g.
  • Styrene 909 g (12.5 % wt/wt based on solvent), and initiator, azoisobutyronitrile 27.26 g are then added and the solution heated to 70°C for 24 hours.
  • a 10 l stainless steel vessel was employed with a two blade paddle stirrer (50 - 150 rpm) after 24 hours a stable alcohol dispersion of monodisperse 2 ⁇ m polystyrene microsphere beads are obtained. All of the ethanol was replaced by water to provide a stable aqueous dispersion of the polystyrene microspheres.
  • the preparation was carried out as above except that 1818g (25% wt/wt based on the solvent) of styrene was used.
  • the size of the monodisperse polystyrene beads was 4 ⁇ m.
  • the preparation was carried out as above except that 2726 g (37.5 % wt/wt based on the solvent) of styrene was used.
  • the size of the monodisperse polystyrene beads was 6 ⁇ m.
  • a photographic silver halide iodobromide emulsion comprising 4% iodide and having an average particle size 0f 0.5 um was coated on a subbed polyethylene terephthalate film base. On this was coated by dip coating an aqueous coating solution which comprised a portion of the stable aqueous dispersion of the monodisperse polystyrene beads having a particle size of 2 ⁇ m sufficient to provide 5 g per 100 g of gelatin. This coating was dried to provide an anti-block layer.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
EP89810279A 1988-04-20 1989-04-11 Photographischer Zusammenbau Withdrawn EP0341200A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB888809327A GB8809327D0 (en) 1988-04-20 1988-04-20 Anti-block layers
GB8809327 1988-04-20

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0341200A1 true EP0341200A1 (de) 1989-11-08

Family

ID=10635515

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89810279A Withdrawn EP0341200A1 (de) 1988-04-20 1989-04-11 Photographischer Zusammenbau

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0341200A1 (de)
JP (1) JPH01316740A (de)
GB (1) GB8809327D0 (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0530962A1 (de) * 1991-08-30 1993-03-10 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Nichthaftende wasserlösliche Deckschicht für Farbprüffilme
US5441860A (en) * 1993-03-30 1995-08-15 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Silver halide photographic material having improved antistatic properties
EP0733943A3 (de) * 1995-03-21 1997-04-09 Eastman Kodak Co Photographische Elemente mit verbesserter Cinch-Kratzfestigkeit

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4022622A (en) * 1972-11-22 1977-05-10 Agfa-Gevaert N.V. Dispersing polymeric particles in aqueous medium for coating silver halide emulsion layers
US4221862A (en) * 1975-06-27 1980-09-09 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Method of producing finely divided polymer particles
EP0080225A1 (de) * 1981-11-23 1983-06-01 Agfa-Gevaert N.V. Verfahren zur Herstellung stabiler, wässriger Polymerperlendispersionen und Verwendung dieser Dispersionen in photographischen Elementen

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4022622A (en) * 1972-11-22 1977-05-10 Agfa-Gevaert N.V. Dispersing polymeric particles in aqueous medium for coating silver halide emulsion layers
US4221862A (en) * 1975-06-27 1980-09-09 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Method of producing finely divided polymer particles
EP0080225A1 (de) * 1981-11-23 1983-06-01 Agfa-Gevaert N.V. Verfahren zur Herstellung stabiler, wässriger Polymerperlendispersionen und Verwendung dieser Dispersionen in photographischen Elementen

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, vol. 104, no. 23, 9th June 1986, page 7, abstract no. 207786x, Columbus, Ohio, US; C.M. TSENG et al.: "Uniform polymer particles by dispersion polymerization in alcohol", & POLYM. MATER. SCI. ENG. 1986, 54, 362-6 *
JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE: PART A: POLYMER CHEMISTRY EDITION, vol. 24, no. 11, 1986, pages 2995-3007, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; C.M. TSENG et al.: "Uniform polymer particles by dispersion polymerization in alcohol" *
RESEARCH DISCLOSURE, no. 216, April 1982, page 109, abstract no. 21617, Havant, Hampshire, GB: "Use of monodisperse matte to improve resistance of photographic film to handling and coating defects" *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0530962A1 (de) * 1991-08-30 1993-03-10 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Nichthaftende wasserlösliche Deckschicht für Farbprüffilme
US5441860A (en) * 1993-03-30 1995-08-15 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Silver halide photographic material having improved antistatic properties
EP0733943A3 (de) * 1995-03-21 1997-04-09 Eastman Kodak Co Photographische Elemente mit verbesserter Cinch-Kratzfestigkeit

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH01316740A (ja) 1989-12-21
GB8809327D0 (en) 1988-05-25

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US4603102A (en) Photographic silver halide recording material with cellulose dicarboxylic acid semiester particles in outer layer
DE69026071T2 (de) Blatt- oder bahnförmiges Material mit antistatischen Eigenschaften
CA1141583A (en) Photographic silver halide material with crosslinked particulate acrylic or methacrylic polymer
US4524131A (en) Photographic silver halide recording material with graft copolymer particles in outer layer
JPH0411852B2 (de)
EP0213896A2 (de) Adhäsionsverbessernde polymere Materialien
JPS61112144A (ja) 写真用帯電防止組成物
US4287299A (en) Process for the production of matting layers
JPS5950695B2 (ja) 水性ポリマ−ラテックス組成物の製造プロセス
EP0250154A2 (de) Photographisches Element auf einem polymerischen Träger mit einer neuen Haftschicht
US4128426A (en) Process for subbing photographic hydrophobic films
US4448850A (en) Vinyl acetate polymers and latex compositions containing same
EP0343642A2 (de) Photographisches Silberhalogenidmaterial
US5104914A (en) Preparation of polymer dispersions and photographic elements containing polymer particles
US4609617A (en) Polyester film support having epoxy copolymer coating for photographic use
US4544723A (en) Vinyl acetate polymers and latex compositions containing same
DE60008490T2 (de) Getemperte Haftvermittlerschicht für fotografische Abbildungselemente en
JPH01316740A (ja) 写真用積層物
JPH07159929A (ja) 改良された帯電防止特性を有するハロゲン化銀写真材料
US4480026A (en) Stable dispersions for use in photographic film having an opaque backing layer
EP0626615B1 (de) Verfahren zur Herstellung antistatischer Schichten für photographische Elemente
DE69126859T2 (de) Aufzeichnungsmaterial mit antistatischen Eigenschaften
EP0421162A2 (de) Photographische Mehrschichtelemente mit verbesserter Beschichtungsqualität
CA1261669A (en) Photographic elements comprising protective layers containing antistats
JPH04274233A (ja) 帯電防止フィルムベースおよび該帯電防止フィルムベースからなる写真材料

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19890413

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): CH DE FR GB IT LI

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19910920

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION HAS BEEN WITHDRAWN

18W Application withdrawn

Withdrawal date: 19911022

R18W Application withdrawn (corrected)

Effective date: 19911022