EP0341193B1 - Head cover for a sheet pile, and method for installing a head cover on a sheet pile wall - Google Patents
Head cover for a sheet pile, and method for installing a head cover on a sheet pile wall Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0341193B1 EP0341193B1 EP89710037A EP89710037A EP0341193B1 EP 0341193 B1 EP0341193 B1 EP 0341193B1 EP 89710037 A EP89710037 A EP 89710037A EP 89710037 A EP89710037 A EP 89710037A EP 0341193 B1 EP0341193 B1 EP 0341193B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- head cover
- sheet pile
- sheet
- pile wall
- section
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 5
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000270295 Serpentes Species 0.000 claims 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/02—Sheet piles or sheet pile bulkheads
- E02D5/03—Prefabricated parts, e.g. composite sheet piles
- E02D5/04—Prefabricated parts, e.g. composite sheet piles made of steel
Definitions
- the invention relates to a spar belt cover in the form of a U-profile made of steel with parallel flanges for a sheet pile wall made of sheet piles, the U-profile with its flanges can be plugged onto the sheet pile wall, and a method for attaching a spar belt cover to a sheet pile wall.
- the rear flange of the U-profile forming the spar belt cover has recesses with which it is supported on the web of the sheet pile wall, the inner transition of the front flange to the web of the U-profile directly on the front , top edge of the flange of the sheet pile rests (DE-PS 27 39 964).
- This spar strap cover has proven itself because it can be easily installed under water without welding and / or screwing.
- the spar belt cover itself can be prepared in the factory in individual elements; however, it is only suitable for floating sheet piling.
- the invention has for its object to improve the known spar strap cover explained above such that it can also transmit transverse forces to the sheet pile wall and can also be used as a strap.
- the solution to the problem is that on the inside of the web of the U-profile in the areas of the sheet pile mountains and valleys short sections of another U-profile of smaller width are attached, preferably welded, the width of which is such that the distance between the flanges of the first U-profile and the flanges of the further U-profile is slightly larger than the thickness of the sheet piles.
- the spar belt cover according to the invention is easy to manufacture and requires no additional parts, such as clips or the like.
- a further step of the invention enables an improvement of the spar belt cover in the area of an inclined anchor and also leads to an improvement of the sheet pile itself in this area, namely in that the sections of the further U-profile arranged in the area of an inclined anchor each have that of the inclined anchor facing flange is pulled far down and designed as an anchor plate, the anchor plate having a recess surrounding the anchor post of the inclined bearing with little play.
- the spaces between the flanges of the U-profiles forming the spar belt cover and the sheet piles are filled with an adhesive. This results in a firm connection between sheet pile wall and spar belt cover after the adhesive has reacted.
- the spar belt cover according to the invention ensures not only a perfect transmission of the transverse forces, but also a perfect transmission of the anchor tensile forces.
- the attachment of the spar strap cover according to the invention is carried out in a development of the invention in such a way that the spaces between the flanges of the U-profiles forming the spar strap cover are filled with an adhesive and then the spar strap cover is plugged onto the sheet pile wall formed by the sheet piles. This ensures that all contact points of the U-profiles and the sheet pile are adequately provided with adhesive.
- Another method according to the invention is that when a spar belt cover is attached to a sheet pile wall in the area of an inclined anchor, an adhesive is applied to all surfaces of the anchor plate and the structural parts to be connected before the spar belt cover is placed on the sheet pile wall and before the structural parts of the anchored anchor are assembled and only then the construction parts are assembled and attached to the anchor plate.
- Inclined anchors and support brackets have been welded together in the factory.
- the sheet pile according to Fig. 1 in which the cut surfaces with respect to the scale by thick solid lines are shown, consisting of sheet piles 2 connected by locks 1, on which a spar belt cover 3 is placed (see FIG. 2).
- the spar belt cover 3 is formed by a U-profile 3.1, the parallel flanges of which grip the sheet piles 2 with play. Short sections of a further U-profile 3.2 of smaller width are welded to the inside of the web of the U-profile 3.1 at precisely dimensioned distances adapted to the course of the sheet pile wall.
- the width of the sections of the further U-section 3.2 is dimensioned such that the distance between the flanges of the first U-section 3.1 and the flanges of the further U-section 3.2 is somewhat larger than the thickness of the sheet piles 2.
- the gaps between the Flanges of the U-profiles 3.1 and 3.2 and the sheet piles 2 are filled with an adhesive 4.
- An inclined anchor 5 supporting the sheet pile wall is indicated by a dash-dotted line.
- the spaces between the flanges of the U-profiles 3.1 and 3.2 forming the spar belt cover 3 are filled with an adhesive 4. After the adhesive 4 has reacted, a firm connection is created between the sheet pile wall and the spar belt cover, so that a perfect transmission of the transverse forces is ensured.
- the flange facing the inclined anchor 5 is pulled down far and serves as an anchor plate 6.
- the anchor plate 6 has a cutout 6.1 (FIG. 5) that supports the Anchor pile 5.1 of the angled anchor 5 encloses with little play so that the sheet pile wall remains as tight as possible.
- the back of the sheet pile 2 is provided with a window 2.1.
- the both side support brackets 7 are wedge-shaped and are thus adapted to the planned inclination.
- connection of all structural parts of the inclined anchor 5 to one another and to the anchor plate 6 is carried out by means of an adhesive which is applied to the affected areas of the anchor plate 6 and the structural parts before the spar belt cover is fitted and before the structural parts are assembled.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Bulkheads Adapted To Foundation Construction (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Holmgurtabdeckung in Form eines U-Profils aus Stahl mit parallelen Flanschen für eine aus Spundbohlen gebildete Spundwand, wobei das U-Profil mit seinen Flanschen auf die Spundwand aufsteckbar ist, und ein Verfahren zur Anbringung einer Holmgurtabdeckung auf eine Spundwand.The invention relates to a spar belt cover in the form of a U-profile made of steel with parallel flanges for a sheet pile wall made of sheet piles, the U-profile with its flanges can be plugged onto the sheet pile wall, and a method for attaching a spar belt cover to a sheet pile wall.
Bei einer bekannten Holmgurtabdeckung der vorgenannten Art weist der hintere Flansch des die Holmgurtabdeckung bildenden U-Profils Ausnehmungen auf, mit deren Hilfe er sich auf den Steg der Spundwand abstützt, wobei der innere Übergang des vorderen Flansches zum Steg des U-Profils direkt auf der vorderen, oberen Kante des Flansches der Spundwand aufliegt (DE-PS 27 39 964). Diese Holmgurtabdeckung hat sich bewährt, da sie ganz ohne Schweiß- und/oder Schraubarbeiten leicht auch unter Wasser montiert werden kann. Die Holmgurtabdeckung selbst kann in Einzelelemente werksseitig vorbereitet werden; sie ist jedoch nur für unverankerte Spundwände geeignet.In a known spar belt cover of the aforementioned type, the rear flange of the U-profile forming the spar belt cover has recesses with which it is supported on the web of the sheet pile wall, the inner transition of the front flange to the web of the U-profile directly on the front , top edge of the flange of the sheet pile rests (DE-PS 27 39 964). This spar strap cover has proven itself because it can be easily installed under water without welding and / or screwing. The spar belt cover itself can be prepared in the factory in individual elements; however, it is only suitable for floating sheet piling.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die vorstehend erläuterte bekannte Holmgurtabdeckung derart zu verbessern, daß sie auch Querkräfte auf die Spundwand übertragen und gleichzeitig als Gurt Verwendung finden kann.The invention has for its object to improve the known spar strap cover explained above such that it can also transmit transverse forces to the sheet pile wall and can also be used as a strap.
Die Lösung der gestellten Aufgabe besteht darin, daß an der Innenseite des Steges des U-Profils in den Bereichen der Spundwandberge und -täler kurze Abschnitte eines weiteren U-Profils geringerer Breite befestigt, vorzugsweise angeschweißt sind, dessen Breite so bemessen ist, daß der Abstand zwischen den Flanschen des ersten U-Profils und den Flanschen des weiteren U-Profils etwas größer ist als die Dicke der Spundbohlen. Die erfindungsgemäße Holmgurtabdeckung ist leicht herzustellen und erfordert keine zusätzlichen Teile, wie Klammern o. dgl..The solution to the problem is that on the inside of the web of the U-profile in the areas of the sheet pile mountains and valleys short sections of another U-profile of smaller width are attached, preferably welded, the width of which is such that the distance between the flanges of the first U-profile and the flanges of the further U-profile is slightly larger than the thickness of the sheet piles. The spar belt cover according to the invention is easy to manufacture and requires no additional parts, such as clips or the like.
Ein weiterer Schritt der Erfindung ermöglicht eine Verbesserung der Holmgurtabdeckung im Bereich eines Schrägankers und führt darüber hinaus zu einer Verbesserung der Spundwand selbst in diesem Bereich, und zwar dadurch, daß bei den im Bereich eines Schrägankers angeordneten Abschnitten des weiteren U-Profils jeweils der dem Schräganker zugewandte Flansch weit heruntergezogen und als Ankerplatte ausgebildet ist, wobei die Ankerplatte eine den Ankerpfahl des Schräglagers mit geringem Spiel umschließende Aussparung aufweist.A further step of the invention enables an improvement of the spar belt cover in the area of an inclined anchor and also leads to an improvement of the sheet pile itself in this area, namely in that the sections of the further U-profile arranged in the area of an inclined anchor each have that of the inclined anchor facing flange is pulled far down and designed as an anchor plate, the anchor plate having a recess surrounding the anchor post of the inclined bearing with little play.
In Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sind die Zwischenräume zwischen den Flanschen der die Holmgurtabdeckung bildenden U-Profile und den Spundbohlen durch einen Kleber ausgefüllt. Dadurch ergibt sich nach dem Ausreagieren des Klebers eine feste Verbindung zwischen Spundwand und Holmgurtabdeckung.In an embodiment of the invention, the spaces between the flanges of the U-profiles forming the spar belt cover and the sheet piles are filled with an adhesive. This results in a firm connection between sheet pile wall and spar belt cover after the adhesive has reacted.
In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist zwischen dem Ankerpfahl und der Ankerplatte sowie zwischen sämtlichen anderen Konstruktionsteilen des Schrägankers ein Kleber eingebracht. Somit ist durch die erfindungsgemäße Holmgurtabdeckung neben einer einwandfreien Übertragung der Querkräfte auch die einwandfreie Übertragung der Ankerzugkräfte sichergestellt.In a further embodiment of the invention, an adhesive is introduced between the anchor post and the anchor plate and between all other structural parts of the inclined anchor. Thus, the spar belt cover according to the invention ensures not only a perfect transmission of the transverse forces, but also a perfect transmission of the anchor tensile forces.
Das Anbringen der erfindungsgemäßen Holmgurtabdeckung erfolgt in Weiterbildung der Erfindung in der Weise, daß die Zwischenräume zwischen den Flanschen der die Holmgurtabdeckung bildenden U-Profile mit einem Kleber augefüllt werden und danach die Holmgurtabdeckung auf die durch die Spundbohlen gebildete Spundwand aufgesteckt wird. Dadurch ist sichergestellt, daß sämtliche Kontaktstellen der U-Profile und der Spundwand ausreichend mit Kleber versehen sind.The attachment of the spar strap cover according to the invention is carried out in a development of the invention in such a way that the spaces between the flanges of the U-profiles forming the spar strap cover are filled with an adhesive and then the spar strap cover is plugged onto the sheet pile wall formed by the sheet piles. This ensures that all contact points of the U-profiles and the sheet pile are adequately provided with adhesive.
Ein anderes erfindungsgemäßes Verfahren besteht darin, daß bei der Anbringung einer Holmgurtabdeckung auf eine Spundwand im Bereich eines Schrägankers vor dem Aufsetzen der Holmgurtabdeckung auf die Spundwand und vor dem Zusammenbau der Konstruktionsteile des Schrägankers auf sämtliche zu verbindenden Flächen der Ankerplatte und der Konstruktionsteile ein Kleber aufgebracht wird und erst danach die Konstruktionsteile zusammengefügt und an der Ankerplatte befestigt werden. Schräganker und Auflagerkonsolen sind im Werk miteinander verschweißt worden.Another method according to the invention is that when a spar belt cover is attached to a sheet pile wall in the area of an inclined anchor, an adhesive is applied to all surfaces of the anchor plate and the structural parts to be connected before the spar belt cover is placed on the sheet pile wall and before the structural parts of the anchored anchor are assembled and only then the construction parts are assembled and attached to the anchor plate. Inclined anchors and support brackets have been welded together in the factory.
Die Erfindung ist anhand eines in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1 einen Abschnitt einer Spundwand in einem Schnitt nach der Linie I - I in Fig. 2;
- Fig. 2 einen Querschnitt durch den oberen Teil der Spundwand gemäß Fig. 1 nach der Linie II - II in Fig. 1, in größerem Maßstab;
- Fig. 3 einen weiteren Querschnitt durch den oberen Teil der Spundwand gemäß Fig. 1, im Bereich eines Schrägankers, nach der Linie III - III in Fig. 1, ebenfalls in größerem Maßstab;
- Fig. 4 einen Querschnitt durch den Schräganker nach der Linie IV-IV in Fig. 3;
- Fig. 5 einen Schnitt durch die Anschlußstelle des Schrägankers nach der Linie V-V in Fig. 3.
- 1 shows a section of a sheet pile wall in a section along the line I - I in Fig. 2.
- FIG. 2 shows a cross section through the upper part of the sheet pile wall according to FIG. 1 along the line II-II in FIG. 1, on a larger scale;
- 3 shows a further cross section through the upper part of the sheet pile wall according to FIG. 1, in the area of an inclined anchor, along the line III-III in FIG. 1, also on a larger scale;
- 4 shows a cross section through the inclined anchor along the line IV-IV in Fig. 3.
- 5 shows a section through the connection point of the inclined anchor along the line VV in FIG. 3rd
Die Spundwand gemäß Fig. 1, bei der die Schnittflächen mit Rücksicht auf den Maßstab durch dicke Vollinien dargestellt sind, besteht aus durch Schlösser 1 miteinander verbundenen Spundbohlen 2, auf die eine Holmgurtabdeckung 3 aufgesetzt ist (vgl. Fig. 2). Die Holmgurtabdeckung 3 ist durch ein U-Profil 3.1 gebildet, dessen parallele Flansche die Spundbohlen 2 mit Spiel umgreifen. An der Innenseite des Steges des U-Profls 3.1 sind in genau bemessenen, an den Verlauf der Spundwand angepaßten Abständen kurze Abschnitte eines weiteren U-Profil 3.2 geringerer Breite angeschweißt. Die Breite der Abschnitte des weiteren U-Profils 3.2 ist so bemessen, daß der Abstand zwischen den Flanschen des ersten U-Profils 3.1 und den Flanschen des weiteren U-Profils 3.2 etwas größer ist, als die Dicke der Spundbohlen 2. Die Zwischenräume zwischen den Flanschen der U-Profile 3.1 und 3.2 und den Spundbohlen 2 sind durch einen Kleber 4 ausgefüllt. Ein die Spundwand abstützender Schräganker 5 ist durch eine strichpunktierte Linie angedeutet.The sheet pile according to Fig. 1, in which the cut surfaces with respect to the scale by thick solid lines are shown, consisting of
Vor dem Aufstecken der Holmgurtabdeckung 3 auf die Spundwand werden die Zwischenräume zwischen den Flanschen der die Holmgurtabdeckung 3 bildenden U-Profile 3.1 und 3.2 mit einem Kleber 4 ausgefüllt. Nach dem Ausreagieren des Klebers 4 entsteht eine feste Verbindung zwischen der Spundwand und der Holmgurtabdeckung, so daß eine einwandfreie Übertragung der Querkräfte gewährleistet ist.Before the
Wie Fig. 3 zeigt, ist im Bereich eines Schrägankers 5 bei den Abschnitten des U-Profils 3.2 der dem Schräganker 5 zugewandte Flansch weit heruntergezogen und dient als Ankerplatte 6. Die Ankerplatte 6 weist eine Aussparung 6.1 auf (Fig. 5), die den Ankerpfahl 5.1 des Schrägankers 5 mit geringem Spiel umschließt, damit eine möglichst große Dichtigkeit der Spundwand erhalten bleibt. Der Rücken der Spundbohle 2 ist mit einem Fenster 2.1 versehen. Die beiden seitlichen Auflagerkonsolen 7 sind keilförmig und werden so der geplanten Ankerneigung angepaßt.As shown in FIG. 3, in the area of an
Die Verbindung sämtlicher Konstruktionsteile des Schrägankers 5 miteinander und mit der Ankerplatte 6 erfolgt mittels eines Klebers, der vor dem Aufstecken der Holmgurtabdeckung und vor dem Zusammenbau der Konstruktionsteile auf die beteffenden Stellen der Ankerplatte 6 und der Konstruktionsteile aufgebracht wird.The connection of all structural parts of the
Claims (6)
- Head cover (3) in the form of a U-section (3.1) made from steel having parallel flanges for a sheet pile wall constructed from sheet piling (2), where the U-section (3.1) can be fitted by means of its flanges onto the sheet pile wall, characterised in that short serpents of another not so wide U-section (3.2) are attached, preferably welded, to the inside of the cross piece of the U-section (3.1) in the regions of the peaks and troughs of the sheet pile wall, where the width of the other U-section (3.2) is designed so that the distance between the flanges of the first U-section (3.1) and the flanges of the other U-section (3.2) is slightly greater than the thickness of the sheet piling (2).
- Head cover for sheet piling according to claim 1, characterised in that, with the serpents of the other U-section (3.2) located in the region of the diagonal tie rod (5), the flange facing the diagonal tie rod (5), is pulled right down and is designed as an anchor plate (6), where the anchor plate (6) has a recess (6.1) surrounding the anchor pole (5.1) of the diagonal tie rod (5) with little clearance.
- Head cover for sheet piling according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the gaps between the flanges of the U-sections (3,1; 3.2) forming the head cover (3) for sheet piling and the sheet piling (2) are filled with the adhesive (4).
- Head cover for sheet piling according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that an adhesive is introduced between the anchor pole (5.1) and the anchor plate (6) as well as between all the other structural members of the diagonal tie rod (5).
- Process for fitting a head cover for sheet piling as claimed in claim 1 to a sheet pile wall, characterised in that the gaps between the flanges of the U-sections (3.1; 3.2) forming the head cover for sheet piling are filled with adhesive and afterwards the head cover for sheet piling (3) is fitted to the sheet pile wall formed by means of the sheet piling (2).
- Process according to claim 5, characterised in that, when fitting the head cover (3) for sheet piling on a sheet pile wall in the region of a diagonal tie rod (5), an adhesive is applied to all the surfaces of the anchor plate (6) and the structural members to be joined together prior to fitting the head cover (3) for sheet piling on the sheet pile wall and prior to assembling the structural members of the diagonal tie rod (5) and only then are the structural members joined together and attached to the anchor plate (6).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3815235 | 1988-05-05 | ||
| DE3815235A DE3815235A1 (en) | 1988-05-05 | 1988-05-05 | HOLM BELT COVER FOR A PILLOW WALL AND METHOD FOR ATTACHING A HOLM BELT COVER ON A PILLOW WALL |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0341193A2 EP0341193A2 (en) | 1989-11-08 |
| EP0341193A3 EP0341193A3 (en) | 1990-12-05 |
| EP0341193B1 true EP0341193B1 (en) | 1992-12-30 |
Family
ID=6353648
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP89710037A Expired - Lifetime EP0341193B1 (en) | 1988-05-05 | 1989-05-03 | Head cover for a sheet pile, and method for installing a head cover on a sheet pile wall |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0341193B1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3815235A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3939702A1 (en) * | 1989-12-01 | 1991-06-06 | K Steube | Sub-structures for emergency bridge - consists of sheet pile supports carrying girders to which they are fixed by shoes |
| NL9400649A (en) * | 1994-04-22 | 1995-12-01 | Marinus Petrus Johannes Kouter | Method for manufacturing a sheet piling cover as well as a cover. |
| DE19546861C1 (en) * | 1995-11-24 | 1997-06-05 | Hirdes Gmbh Heinrich | Cover for upper end of sheet pile wall on inland water course |
| DE19620734C1 (en) * | 1996-05-23 | 1997-10-16 | Hirdes Gmbh Heinrich | Method for producing connecting device for anchor |
| DE19716467C2 (en) * | 1997-04-21 | 2000-10-26 | Thyssenkrupp Stahl Ag | Sheet pile construction |
| DE19744551C1 (en) * | 1997-10-09 | 1998-12-10 | Wilhelm Cornelius | Tongued board wall |
| DE19819074C1 (en) * | 1998-04-29 | 1999-10-07 | Tiefbau Gmbh Unterweser | Sheet piling wall |
| DE10259876B3 (en) * | 2002-12-20 | 2004-04-01 | Wilhelm Cornelius | Pile planking used in a pile planking wall construction comprises sheet piles connected together via locks, a spar flange extending along the upper edge of the pile planking, and anchors connected to a pile via an anchor connecting part |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1933483A (en) * | 1932-04-20 | 1933-10-31 | Raymond P Pennoyer | Wall construction |
| US2865180A (en) * | 1953-12-23 | 1958-12-23 | Great Lakes Dredge & Dock Comp | Sheet piling wall structure |
| FR2032112A5 (en) * | 1969-02-19 | 1970-11-20 | Wendel Sidelor | |
| DE2739964C3 (en) * | 1977-09-06 | 1980-03-27 | Hoesch Werke Ag, 4600 Dortmund | Spar cover |
| DE2804902C2 (en) * | 1978-02-06 | 1985-11-14 | Hoesch Ag, 4600 Dortmund | Sheet pile cover |
| US4674921A (en) * | 1984-05-04 | 1987-06-23 | Berger Lawrence E | Seawall |
-
1988
- 1988-05-05 DE DE3815235A patent/DE3815235A1/en active Granted
-
1989
- 1989-05-03 EP EP89710037A patent/EP0341193B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-05-03 DE DE8989710037T patent/DE58903140D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0341193A3 (en) | 1990-12-05 |
| DE3815235C2 (en) | 1992-04-09 |
| DE58903140D1 (en) | 1993-02-11 |
| DE3815235A1 (en) | 1989-11-16 |
| EP0341193A2 (en) | 1989-11-08 |
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