EP0338927B1 - Procédé et dispositif pour la destruction de déchets chimiquement stables - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour la destruction de déchets chimiquement stables Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0338927B1
EP0338927B1 EP89401094A EP89401094A EP0338927B1 EP 0338927 B1 EP0338927 B1 EP 0338927B1 EP 89401094 A EP89401094 A EP 89401094A EP 89401094 A EP89401094 A EP 89401094A EP 0338927 B1 EP0338927 B1 EP 0338927B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
orifice
waste
torch
nozzle
injector
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89401094A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0338927A1 (fr
Inventor
Didier Michel Jean Marie Pineau
Yves Hervé Guillaume Valy
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Airbus Group SAS
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Airbus Group SAS
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Airbus Group SAS filed Critical Airbus Group SAS
Priority to AT89401094T priority Critical patent/ATE66013T1/de
Publication of EP0338927A1 publication Critical patent/EP0338927A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0338927B1 publication Critical patent/EP0338927B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/28—Treating solids
    • G21F9/30—Processing
    • G21F9/32—Processing by incineration
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a device for the destruction of chemically stable waste, and in particular radioactive waste and / or presenting significant dangers for the environment and living beings.
  • the present invention relates to a method and a device allowing the total destruction by pyrolysis of the most stable waste.
  • plasma torch of non-transferred arc is meant here, which is the usual meaning, a plasma torch comprising two fixed electrodes, on which the feet of the arc are hung.
  • the plasma dart attacks at the end (and no longer transversely as in the prior art) the stream of waste passing through said orifice.
  • the transfer of thermal energy is optimal and it is possible to obtain the destruction of very stable bodies, such as cyanide or organochlorine organic compounds.
  • the axes at least approximately coincident of said nozzle and said orifice are at least approximately vertical and the flow of waste moves, at least in the vicinity of said orifice, from bottom to top .
  • the dart of the plasma torch is therefore directed downwards.
  • said orifice is the end of a tubular waste injector, it can then be seen that the upper part of said injector can serve as a crucible for the end part of said waste stream, which is in the state liquid.
  • said nozzle and said orifice are arranged in an expansion chamber, in which the gases from the liquid end of the stream of said waste are burned.
  • Means may be provided for introducing oxygen and / or energy inside said expansion chamber, in order to facilitate the combustion of said gases.
  • the axes at least approximately coincident of said nozzle and said orifice are slightly inclined relative to the vertical, in the direction of said expansion chamber, so that part of the end liquid from said waste stream can spill into said expansion chamber. This liquid part is then treated and burned in said expansion chamber, possibly with an additional supply of oxygen and / or energy.
  • Such an expansion chamber can be a rotary kiln.
  • the gases resulting from combustion in the expansion chamber can undergo only one simple treatment.
  • they are simply washed in a washing tower, after having undergone a thermal quenching.
  • the waste to be destroyed by the implementation of the invention may, initially, be in gaseous or liquid form. However, they can also be in solid form.
  • treatment is provided to transform said solid waste into a paste which can be extruded through said orifice.
  • Such treatment may include shredding, grinding, and / or wetting operations.
  • the dough can then be moved by pumping means.
  • a guide duct in the form of a siphon.
  • the device comprises a plasma torch 1, capable of emitting a plasma dart 2 at the outlet of its nozzle 3.
  • This torch is of the known type with non-transferred arc. In known manner and not shown, it can be composed of two coaxial tubular electrodes, cooled, which are joined by an injection chamber of the plasma gas and by a part ensuring the electrical insulation of the two electrodes.
  • the arc foot can be rotated by a magnetic field coil for the upstream electrode, and by the action of the vortex in the downstream electrode.
  • the nominal operating characteristic of the torch can be 500 kW electric and the adjustment of the power of the torch is preferably carried out continuously between 250 kW and 500 kW.
  • the plasma torch 1 is arranged so that its axis 4 is at least substantially vertical, the nozzle being directed downwards.
  • the device in FIG. 1 comprises a tubular injector 5, the axis 6 of which is at least substantially vertical and coincides with the axis 4 of the torch 1.
  • the tubular injector 5 is supplied with waste to be destroyed by its lower end 7. This waste leaves said injector 5 through the upper orifice 8 thereof, arranged opposite the nozzle 3.
  • the diameter D of the tubular injector 5 is equal to a few times (2 or 3) the diameter d of the nozzle 3. In one embodiment, the diameter D of the injector 5 was equal to 100 mm.
  • At least the lower part of the nozzle 3 and the upper part of the tubular injector 5 are arranged in a valve system 9, giving access to a gas expansion chamber 10.
  • the embodiment of the device according to the invention, shown in FIG. 1, is more particularly intended for the destruction of solid waste.
  • the waste to be destroyed is for example contained in drums and, in order to reduce the costs of processing said waste, the device of FIG. 1 makes it possible to destroy said drums at the same time as the waste they contain.
  • the device comprises a device 11 for prior treatment of said waste comprising a shredder-shredder 12 fed by a hopper 13, and which is optionally associated with a finisher shears (not shown), a mixer-feeder 14 provided with an inlet fluid 14, and a pump 16.
  • the outlet of the pump 16 is connected to the lower part 7 of the injector 5 by a guide duct 17 forming a siphon.
  • a safety member 18, for example a knife gate valve, is provided between the pump 16 and the guide duct 17.
  • the barrels 19 of waste to be destroyed are introduced into the hopper 13 and led to the shredder-shredder 12, the knives of which grip, shear, tear and compress said barrels and their container.
  • the possible finishing shear makes it possible to reduce the final particle size of the comminuted materials to a dimension which is, for example, 10 ⁇ 20 mm maximum.
  • the whole process is carried out in a cascade by gravity, without manual intervention in a relatively slow manner to avoid any production of sparks which could ignite the product.
  • all the equipment can be put under vacuum, to avoid any toxic gas emission.
  • the ground materials thus reduced in size, flow by gravity to the mixer-feeder 14 whose role is to compact the materials (the pasty parts with the foreign bodies) by pushing them into the transfer pump 16.
  • the pump 16 is for example of the known type (PUSTMASTER) with hydraulic cylinders and allows a regular supply flow of the heterogeneous mixture and under high pressure (80 to 100 bars), thus ensuring excellent compaction.
  • the ground waste (with their containers) is in a pasty form.
  • the pump 16 pushes this pasty material (through the safety member 18) in the guide duct 17, up to the injector 5.
  • the pasty material therefore forms a flange 20 which advances towards the nozzle 3.
  • the siphon shape of the guide duct 17 prevents any liquid or gas rising towards the pump 16.
  • the tube 20 progresses from bottom to top and its upper end part is subjected to the action of the plasma stinger 2, which attacks it at the end (see FIG. 2).
  • the upper part of the flange 20, constantly renewed, is nibbled by the plasma dart 2 (the temperature of which is around 4000 to 5000 ° C) and goes into the molten liquid phase (see reference 21), which itself gives rise to a gaseous phase 22 in the opening system 9.
  • An intermediate semi-molten pasty phase 23 is established between the upper zone 21 of the liquid phase and the pasty roll 20.
  • liquid phase of zone 21 forms a sort of crucible constituting thermal and chemical protection of the injector 5.
  • the gas phase 22 appearing in the opening system 9 is evacuated towards the expansion chamber 10, in which it finishes destroying itself completely under the effect of the temperature which prevails there (for example of the order of 1800 ° C). Self-combustion occurs, which can be promoted by the introduction of air or oxygen (at 24).
  • the expansion chamber 10 can be designed for the substoichiometric combustion of chlorinated liquid effluents and it can be provided with an internal coating of the "CHROMCOR" type.
  • the free upper end of the flange 20 is in intimate and prolonged contact with the dart 2 and undergoes in the vicinity of the upper orifice 8 of said injector, a very sharp rise in temperature; the molecules of the material of the pasty sausage are then completely dissociated into more or less ionized elementary particles.
  • the combustion gases generated in the expansion chamber are treated by a system 25, which, because of the excellent performance of the device according to the invention, can be uncomplicated.
  • the system 25 may include a quenching device 26 making it possible to lower the temperature of the gases and followed by a washing tower 27. thus neutralizes residual products, such as chlorine for example, and the gases can then be led to a chimney 28, for their evacuation to the atmosphere.
  • these gases can be introduced into a boiler for energy recovery.
  • the axes 4 and 6, of the torch 1 and of the injector 5 respectively are inclined relative to the vertical, so that at least part 29 of the liquid phase 21 of the flange 20 (see FIG. 2) can flow into the expansion chamber 10.
  • the latter is then advantageous for the latter to be produced in the form of an inclined rotary kiln 30 capable of mixing the non-gaseous elements coming from the injector 5 and which will eventually destroy themselves on their way to the lower downstream part of said rotary kiln 30, thanks to the high temperature prevailing in said rotary kiln 30.
  • air can be introduced (at 31) under pressure in the latter.
  • Burners can also be provided (not shown) in order to provide additional energy (symbolized by arrow 32), to said rotary kiln.
  • the downstream part 33 of the rotary kiln 30 then forms a post-combustion chamber for the gaseous products. In this post-combustion chamber, there are no more non-gaseous products.
  • FIG 4 there is partially shown an industrial embodiment of the device of Figure 3. It can be seen there the rotary kiln 30, whose longitudinal axis XX is inclined downward from the opening system 9 towards the post-combustion chamber 33, in order to facilitate the progression (during which they will be completely gasified) of the molten materials 29, from upstream to downstream.
  • This rotary kiln is supported by rollers 34 and rotated by a motor 35, by means of a rotary roller 36.
  • the connection between the opening system 9 and the rotary kiln 30 is made by a piece of fixed adaptation 45.
  • FIG. 4 also shows that the injector 5, for example made of tantalum, has a double wall structure, inside which a cooling fluid can circulate. To this end, said injector 5 is connected to a circuit 37 for circulating coolant.
  • the plasma torch 1 is associated with a cooling group, a group for producing plasma gas (for example air) and a power supply.
  • the bottom 38 of the opening system 9 can be tilted to promote the flow of the molten material 29 to the furnace 30.
  • the speed of advance of the flange 20 is obviously controllable by controlling the pump 16.
  • the power of the torch 1 is electrically adjustable in a known manner.
  • Torch 1 is slidably mounted on along its axis 4; in its sliding, it is guided by a column 39 with which a slider 40 cooperates.
  • the slider 40 is movable by a motor system 41 and screws 42.
  • a bellows 43 seals between the torch 1 and the opening system 9.
  • baffles 44 are provided, forming baffles, arranged in the adaptation piece 45, to prevent the projection of particles torn from the rod 20 by the plasma, at too great a distance from inside said oven.
  • the deflectors 44 thus allow the particles to be treated as close as possible to the plasma jet.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Mechanical Treatment Of Semiconductor (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)
EP89401094A 1988-04-22 1989-04-19 Procédé et dispositif pour la destruction de déchets chimiquement stables Expired - Lifetime EP0338927B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT89401094T ATE66013T1 (de) 1988-04-22 1989-04-19 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum vernichten von chemisch stabilen abfaellen.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8805389A FR2630529B1 (fr) 1988-04-22 1988-04-22 Procede et dispositif pour la destruction de dechets chimiquement stables
FR8805389 1988-04-22

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0338927A1 EP0338927A1 (fr) 1989-10-25
EP0338927B1 true EP0338927B1 (fr) 1991-08-07

Family

ID=9365594

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89401094A Expired - Lifetime EP0338927B1 (fr) 1988-04-22 1989-04-19 Procédé et dispositif pour la destruction de déchets chimiquement stables

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US4980092A (es)
EP (1) EP0338927B1 (es)
JP (1) JP2971073B2 (es)
AT (1) ATE66013T1 (es)
CA (1) CA1304789C (es)
DE (1) DE68900185D1 (es)
ES (1) ES2024717B3 (es)
FR (1) FR2630529B1 (es)
GR (1) GR3002438T3 (es)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US5270515A (en) * 1990-04-02 1993-12-14 Long Raymond E Microwave plasma detoxification reactor and process for hazardous wastes
GB9017146D0 (en) * 1990-08-03 1990-09-19 Tioxide Group Services Ltd Destruction process
US5090340A (en) * 1991-08-02 1992-02-25 Burgess Donald A Plasma disintegration for waste material
US5866753A (en) * 1992-03-04 1999-02-02 Commonwealth Scientific Material processing
FR2690733B1 (fr) * 1992-04-29 1994-07-29 Spie Batignolles Procede et installation pour detruire des dechets solides par plasma.
DE4303722C1 (de) * 1993-02-10 1994-05-05 Metallgesellschaft Ag Verfahren zur thermischen Abtrennung von organischen und/oder anorganischen Stoffen aus kontaminiertem Material
JPH0767979A (ja) * 1993-06-29 1995-03-14 Ind Technol Res Inst 廃棄物処理装置及び処理方法
GB9405209D0 (en) * 1994-03-17 1994-04-27 Wrc Plc Plasma gasification process for a sludge feedstock
US5534659A (en) * 1994-04-18 1996-07-09 Plasma Energy Applied Technology Incorporated Apparatus and method for treating hazardous waste
US5611947A (en) * 1994-09-07 1997-03-18 Alliant Techsystems, Inc. Induction steam plasma torch for generating a steam plasma for treating a feed slurry
US5762009A (en) * 1995-06-07 1998-06-09 Alliant Techsystems, Inc. Plasma energy recycle and conversion (PERC) reactor and process
US5637127A (en) * 1995-12-01 1997-06-10 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Plasma vitrification of waste materials
ES2157471T3 (es) 1995-12-20 2001-08-16 Alcan Int Ltd Reactor termico de plasma y metodo de tratamiento de aguas residuales.
DE19625539A1 (de) * 1996-06-26 1998-01-02 Entwicklungsgesellschaft Elekt Verfahren zur thermischen Behandlung von Stoffen in einem Plasmaofen
US5902915A (en) * 1997-03-20 1999-05-11 Lawrence Plasma Research Laboratory Inc. Process for producing liquid hydrocarbons
US5809911A (en) * 1997-04-16 1998-09-22 Allied Technology Group, Inc. Multi-zone waste processing reactor system
FR2780235B1 (fr) * 1998-06-22 2000-09-22 Aerospatiale Procede d'injection dans un jet de plasma d'un fluide a traiter et application notamment a la destruction de dechets toxiques
US6250236B1 (en) 1998-11-09 2001-06-26 Allied Technology Group, Inc. Multi-zoned waste processing reactor system with bulk processing unit
US6514469B1 (en) 2000-09-22 2003-02-04 Yuji Kado Ruggedized methods and systems for processing hazardous waste
US6551563B1 (en) 2000-09-22 2003-04-22 Vanguard Research, Inc. Methods and systems for safely processing hazardous waste
US7083763B1 (en) * 2002-09-23 2006-08-01 Pierce Jr Joseph Frank Feeding system for fuel gas generator
US20050070751A1 (en) * 2003-09-27 2005-03-31 Capote Jose A Method and apparatus for treating liquid waste
US6971323B2 (en) * 2004-03-19 2005-12-06 Peat International, Inc. Method and apparatus for treating waste
WO2006021945A1 (en) * 2004-08-26 2006-03-02 E.S.T. Ecological Systems Ltd. Method and system for treating chemical waste
US7832344B2 (en) * 2006-02-28 2010-11-16 Peat International, Inc. Method and apparatus of treating waste
EP2247347A4 (en) * 2008-02-08 2013-08-14 Peat International Inc METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PROCESSING WASTE
KR101025035B1 (ko) * 2009-06-23 2011-03-25 주성호 프라즈마를 이용한 버어너
WO2011005618A1 (en) 2009-07-06 2011-01-13 Peat International, Inc. Apparatus for treating waste
RU2504443C1 (ru) * 2012-11-30 2014-01-20 Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение "Национальный исследовательский центр "Курчатовский институт" Способ плазменно-каталитической переработки твердых бытовых отходов

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FR2526141B1 (fr) * 1982-04-30 1988-02-26 Electricite De France Procede et installation de chauffage d'un lit fluidise par injection de plasma
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA1304789C (fr) 1992-07-07
EP0338927A1 (fr) 1989-10-25
US4980092A (en) 1990-12-25
FR2630529B1 (fr) 1990-08-10
DE68900185D1 (de) 1991-09-12
ES2024717B3 (es) 1992-03-01
JP2971073B2 (ja) 1999-11-02
JPH01315382A (ja) 1989-12-20
FR2630529A1 (fr) 1989-10-27
GR3002438T3 (en) 1992-12-30
ATE66013T1 (de) 1991-08-15

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