EP0337147A2 - Elément chauffant radiant - Google Patents

Elément chauffant radiant Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0337147A2
EP0337147A2 EP89104672A EP89104672A EP0337147A2 EP 0337147 A2 EP0337147 A2 EP 0337147A2 EP 89104672 A EP89104672 A EP 89104672A EP 89104672 A EP89104672 A EP 89104672A EP 0337147 A2 EP0337147 A2 EP 0337147A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
radiant heater
radiator
light
light emitter
insulating part
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP89104672A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0337147A3 (fr
Inventor
Gerhard Gössler
Eugen Wilde
Robert Kicherer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
EGO Elektro Geratebau GmbH
Original Assignee
EGO Elektro Gerate Blanc und Fischer GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by EGO Elektro Gerate Blanc und Fischer GmbH filed Critical EGO Elektro Gerate Blanc und Fischer GmbH
Publication of EP0337147A2 publication Critical patent/EP0337147A2/fr
Publication of EP0337147A3 publication Critical patent/EP0337147A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/68Heating arrangements specially adapted for cooking plates or analogous hot-plates
    • H05B3/74Non-metallic plates, e.g. vitroceramic, ceramic or glassceramic hobs, also including power or control circuits
    • H05B3/748Resistive heating elements, i.e. heating elements exposed to the air, e.g. coil wire heater
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/002Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
    • H05B2203/004Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using zigzag layout

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a radiant heater according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • EP-A-176 027 describes a radiant heater for use in cooking appliances with a glass ceramic cooking surface, in which an electric light radiator, ie an electric resistance heater with a maximum operating temperature above 1500 K, is arranged. It can consist of a material which is based on molybdenum disilicide and can work at these temperatures without the need for a jacket, protective gas atmosphere or the like. needed. Its radiation is largely in the visible range and is therefore generally referred to below as a bright radiator, which means one or more electrical resistance radiant heating elements.
  • the light emitter is arranged in an outer ring area of the radiant heater, while its means is formed by conventional radiant heaters, for example heating coils made of conventional heating resistance wire, which are arranged there individually or in groups and are referred to below as dark radiators. They are connected in series with the radiant heater during operation.
  • conventional radiant heaters for example heating coils made of conventional heating resistance wire, which are arranged there individually or in groups and are referred to below as dark radiators. They are connected in series with the radiant heater during operation.
  • Light emitters of the type described make difficulties in their assembly and operation, among other things, because of the high temperatures, but also because of material-related difficulties, for example the great brittleness of the MoSi2 material.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to propose an arrangement which makes it possible to attach such uncovered light emitters to radiant heaters in a manner which is reliable, easy to assemble and at reasonable cost.
  • this insulating part can be produced from a high-temperature-resistant material, for example from a ceramic fiber with a high proportion of aluminum oxide.
  • Al2O3 of, for example, 45 to 75% in addition to fibers made of silicon dioxide SiO2 and other oxides, as well as opacifying and possibly reflection-increasing agents.
  • Such fibers are offered by various suppliers of ceramic fibers, for example by the company Carborundum Resistant Materials GmbH, Dusseldorf, under the trademarks "Fiberfrax” and "Fibermax”. These materials are resistant to high temperatures, but are expensive and do not provide excellent thermal insulation.
  • the resulting light emitter / insulating part can then be attached to the insulating body, which consists of one or more layers of less high-temperature-resistant insulating materials, and thus also achieve the necessary thermal insulation, which is very important for the installation of the radiant heater in kitchen furniture, etc.
  • the conventional heating elements ie the dark radiators, or the like by embedding, attaching. be attached directly.
  • the insulating part with the light emitter has the possibility of moving somewhat independently of the insulating body at the much higher temperature assumed by it and therefore avoids cracks as well as melting or the like.
  • the insulating part can itself radiate the heat it absorbs even at the higher temperature it assumes and thus simultaneously serves as a secondary radiator.
  • the light emitter can preferably be arranged in a circumferential ring area of the radiant heater.
  • This arrangement was previously practically impossible to achieve with the light emitters previously used in the form of tungsten filaments enclosed in quartz glass bulbs, in particular halogen lamps, because curved lamp shapes could not be produced economically there.
  • this arrangement offers an operating advantage because the brightly radiating edge, the visible light of which is partially filtered, also penetrates through the glass ceramic plate, in addition to an operating display also indicates a limitation of the hob to the outside and thus causes the operator to correctly and better than the cooking vessel with all the markings on the plate possible to place.
  • the light emitter can preferably be arranged in a meandering shape on the insulating part, the attachment by partial embedding, but also by other means such as tacking or nailing.
  • the attachment should advantageously take place in the area of a center line of the meander, because with this attachment in the area of the neutral center line the heating element can move under thermal stresses without it tending to lift off to the side.
  • it can be attached at least partially by enclosing it in the region of a raised rib of the insulating body.
  • the insulating body consists of a thermally highly insulating material, which is usually not so mechanically strong
  • the insulating part which carries the light emitter, is formed in one piece with a raised edge which faces the radiant heater to the outside locks and rests on the underside of the glass ceramic plate.
  • This edge should in any case consist of a mechanically stronger material than the rest of the insulating body, because it is mostly unprotected compared to the other sections of the insulating body arranged in a sheet metal shell.
  • the insulating part is anyway mechanically stronger than the other insulating materials used in all versions due to its production from the ceramic fiber, which should usually be more compressed to achieve the required properties, which also contributes to its higher thermal conductivity.
  • the area occupied by the light heater can advantageously have an average specific heating surface load that is higher in the range between 10 and 40% than the rest of the radiant heater. This is possible due to the higher radiation temperature and creates good operating conditions.
  • the embodiment according to the invention can also be used particularly advantageously in so-called multi-circuit radiant heaters in which several cooktops which can be switched together and separately are spatially adapted to one another, in order to cook to be able to form surfaces of different shapes and sizes.
  • the outer edge can be provided with a light radiator ring
  • the main radiator which is normally always switched on, which can be round, for example, has a circumferential ring, while the switchable additional radiators only on their outward-facing edges, but not on those facing the main radiator Have edges of light emitter rings.
  • the radiant heater 11 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is arranged below a cooking surface 12 consisting of a glass ceramic plate.
  • An insulation 14 consisting of two insulating layers 16, 17 is arranged in a sheet metal shell 13.
  • the lower insulating layer 16, which covers the bottom of the sheet metal shell 13, consists of a thermally highly insulating, but not mechanically strong, insulating material, for example a silica airgel, e.g. introduced as bulk material in the sheet metal shell and is weakly pressed there.
  • the insulating layer 16 is covered by an upper insulating layer 17, which consists of a mechanically and thermally strong and resistant material, for example an insulating material enriched with ceramic fiber. It has sufficient heat resistance to directly accommodate the dark emitters 20, which are partially embedded in its surface 21 in a known manner, without fear of melting or breaking out.
  • the dark radiators consist of conventional heating coils made of electrical resistance material.
  • the insulating layer 17 can, for example, be produced from fibrous material in the vacuum suction process or from other wet or dry pressed materials.
  • the dark radiator 20 consisting of one or more heating resistors is partially embedded in the surface or fixed on it by means of putty or other fastening means, for example clips, in an approximate form of a double spiral which reverses in the middle, so that both connections, as shown in FIG recognize, lie on the outer edge of the dark radiator region 34 which occupies the entire central region of the radiant heater.
  • a raised edge 18 is formed on the upper insulating layer 17 and is slightly higher than the edge 15 of the sheet metal shell 13 and is supported on the underside of the glass ceramic cooktop 12. For this purpose, the radiant heater 11 is pressed resiliently onto the underside of the cooking surface 12.
  • a receiving recess 23 which lies between the outer edge 18 and an inner edge 22 which has a flatter side 28 on the inside and a stiffer side 28 on the outside.
  • an insulating part 24 in the form of a ring with a flat cross section, which is made of high-temperature-resistant, mechanically relatively strong thermal insulating material, for example ceramic fibers with a high proportion of aluminum oxide, for example Fiberfrax or Fibermax.
  • This insulating part can be a pressed molded body that has good inherent strength.
  • a light emitter 25 is attached in the form of a meandering wire 26 made of an electrical resistance material, which is made on the basis of molybdenum disilicide MoSi2. It is sold, for example, under the trade name "Kanthal-Super” by Aktiebolaget Kanthal, Sweden. It has the property of being able to withstand even high operating temperatures above 1500 K (corresponding to 1200 ° C) without the usual disadvantages associated with it (evaporation and thus a short service life, etc.). The material is in the form of a relatively thick wire and is quite brittle.
  • the shape referred to here as a meander is similar to that of a sine curve, ie a flat wave shape.
  • the light source is connected to the insulating part 24 by means of fastenings 27.
  • These can be clips which extend into or through the insulating part 24 and are folded over on the back.
  • the insulating part or ring 24 is, however, a separately manufactured and separately manageable module or component with a light emitter mounted thereon, which is inserted into the receiving recess 23 after manufacture of the rest of the radiant heater and therein, for example by clips 40 which engage in the insulating body 14, can be attached. Gluing or other fastening by mutually engaging parts is also possible.
  • the light emitter 25 is fastened on the insulating part 24, as can be seen in particular from FIG. 1, in the region of the circular center line of the light emitter arranged in a ring. It thus forms an annular light emitter region 33 which surrounds the dark emitter region 34 and is adjacent to the edge 18 on the inside.
  • the average specific heating surface load in W / cm2 in the light emitter region 33 is preferably 10 to 40% higher than the corresponding heating surface load of the entire heated surface.
  • the width of the light emitter area, measured between the inner and outer limits of the light emitter, is between 10 and 30 mm, depending on the diameter of the mostly circular radiant heater, which can correspond to 4 to 20% of the diameter of the radiant heater.
  • the heating elements 20, 25 are electrically connected via connections 38 attached to an outside of the sheet metal shell 13. It can be seen that light emitters 25 and dark emitters 20 are connected in series. As a result, when switched on, the dark radiator damps the high current consumption which the light radiator would cause because it has a very strongly positive temperature characteristic of the electrical resistance, so that it is many times as cold of the nominal current at operating temperature.
  • two connecting pieces 39 are fastened in the connection area, to which the connections coming from the outside or from the dark radiator 20 can be connected when the insulating part is subsequently inserted, for example by spot welding.
  • FIGS. 3 to 5 like the one according to FIG. 6, corresponds in all parts not mentioned separately and in particular also with the same reference numerals to those previously described.
  • the insulation 14 is made of one layer and the radiant heaters 20 are attached directly to the surface 21 of the single insulating layer 17 by partial embedding.
  • the heating coils have individual loop parts 31 protruding from the substantially cylindrical coil shape and protruding from one side at longitudinal intervals, which engage deeper into the insulating material and ensure good anchoring there.
  • This type of attachment is described in DE-A-31 29 239, which is referred to for details.
  • an insulating material processed using dry pressing technology can advantageously be used, e.g. a mixture based on a pyrogenic silica airgel, possibly with reinforcing and / or curing agents, the thermal insulation properties of which are very good.
  • the insulating part 24a is also ring-shaped and surrounds the dark radiator region 34. However, it is produced in a common component with the edge 18, which thus also benefits from the increased strength of the material of the insulating part. For this reason, the material of the insulating layer 17 can be made of less solid material.
  • the annular insulating part 24a has the cross-sectional shape of an L with a small inner edge 22a, which separates the light radiator region 33 from the dark radiator region 34 borders.
  • the light emitter 25 is fastened in the flat depression lying between the edges 18 and 22a, to be precise by partially embedding it in an annular rib 29 encircling the center of the light emitter region 33. Where the meandering light emitter 25 crosses it, it has depressions 30. in which it is inserted.
  • Fig. 5 shows on the left the version after insertion and on the right the finished fastening, in which indentations 41 made on both sides of the recess 33 in the crest of the ribs at least partially close the recess 33 above the light emitter wire 26 again.
  • This enables fastening without foreign material, such as clips or the like, which fixes the light emitter material securely and flexibly on the surface of the insulating body 24a.
  • the depressions 30 can be provided in the rib beforehand. However, it is also possible, with a sufficiently large ratio of the strength of the light emitter material to that of the insulating part and corresponding support by devices, to press the light emitter directly into a continuous rib.
  • the definition is advantageously made in the region of the "neutral center line" of the light radiator.
  • FIG. 6 shows a dual-circuit radiant heater 11 which contains two radiators or cooking surfaces which can be switched separately from one another but also jointly in an approximately oval sheet metal shell, namely a circular main radiator 35 and a connecting radiator 36 adjoining it laterally in a moon shape. Both have a central dark radiator area 34 with conventional radiators and an outer bright radiator area 33. This is a circular ring surrounding the main radiator 35, while the connecting radiator 36 contains the bright radiator area 33 only on the outer surface of its moon shape while its concave limb separated by the web 37 from the main radiator 35 line does not contain a light source area. Accordingly, there are two separate insulating bodies 24, one of which is a circular ring and the other a circular ring section.
  • the insulating body 14 is common to both radiators 35, 36 and has an oval peripheral edge 18 and the intermediate web 37. Both radiators have separate connections, light and dark radiators being connected in series with one another. However, as with other designs, it is also possible to assign three connections to each radiator, so that the dark radiator can also be operated alone in low power ranges. In Fig. 6 it is provided that the heater 35 can be operated alone and with the connection of the heater 36. Other designs of such dual-circuit heating elements are also possible, e.g. an oval arrangement of the add-on radiator 36 with oval circumferential light radiators and a circular main radiator arranged centrally therein according to FIG. 6. In any case, there is an advantageous user guidance through a clear delimitation of the heated areas. This could be particularly helpful if the circular radiator part of the main radiator is switched off when the additional radiator is switched on.
  • a control switch 40 contains a clocking energy control device 41 with a switch contact 42 and is set by a control button 43.
  • a switch contact 44 for the all-pole separation is closed when switching on.
  • the control switch has an attachment switch 45, the contacts 46, 47 of which are switched by the button 43 by a special type of actuation (for example turning beyond the end position of the power control device 41).
  • the contacts 42 and 44 and a Contact of a temperature limiter 48 closed, the contact 47 open and the contact 46, which is designed as a change-over contact, switched on alone via the light radiator 24a of the inner heating circuit 35 and the conventional heating element 34a connected in series with it.
  • the inner heating circuit is thus operated solely under the control of the clocking power control device 41 in power pulses of different relative duty cycles and with monitoring of the temperature limiter 48.
  • the outer heating circuit 36 is also switched on.
  • the switch 46 switches to the right to a connection to the outer heating circuit and the switch 47 is closed at the same time.
  • This parallel connection contains the light heater 24b of the outer heating circuit 36 in one arm, while in the other arm there is the series connection of light heater and conventional dark heater 24a, 34a of the inner heating circuit 35.
  • both conventional resistors 34a, b are connected in series in front of the inner light emitter 24a, while the light emitter 24b is only in series with the dark emitter 34b.
  • the inner heating circuit in particular its light emitter, is reduced in performance compared to the outer, so that it glows darker and thus visually emphasizes the outer heating circuit in the sense of good user guidance.
  • the inner light emitter 24a could also be switched off entirely.
  • the junction between the light and dark emitters 24b, 34b of the outer circle 36 which is also provided in FIG. 7, would not be placed for the external connection of the light emitter 24a, but also to a center tap between 24a and 34a. In this case it would be beyond the external heating circuit 36 only the conventional part 34a of the inner heating circuit 35 in operation, in parallel with the light heater 24b.
  • the preferred embodiment was shown in the exemplary embodiments, in which the light emitter forms a ring at the edge of the radiant heater. Also with another arrangement, in which the light emitter in the middle or alone, i.e. without the additional use of a dark radiator, the arrangement on a separate insulating part is advantageous.
  • the molybdenum disilicide described other materials can also be used as the light emitter material, which enable the corresponding operating temperatures.
  • the light emitter lies flat on the relatively solid insulating part and is therefore supported uniformly and continuously.
  • the attachment should be as punctiform as possible in order to allow the light emitter to move even in the operating state.
  • the light emitter advantageously lies essentially in one plane with other heating elements in order to make the best possible use of the minimum distance of the heating elements 20, 25 from the cooking surface 12 that is necessary for electrical insulation reasons.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
EP19890104672 1988-04-15 1989-03-16 Elément chauffant radiant Withdrawn EP0337147A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19883812490 DE3812490A1 (de) 1988-04-15 1988-04-15 Strahlheizkoerper
DE3812490 1988-04-15

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0337147A2 true EP0337147A2 (fr) 1989-10-18
EP0337147A3 EP0337147A3 (fr) 1990-12-05

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Family Applications (1)

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EP19890104672 Withdrawn EP0337147A3 (fr) 1988-04-15 1989-03-16 Elément chauffant radiant

Country Status (3)

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EP (1) EP0337147A3 (fr)
DE (1) DE3812490A1 (fr)
YU (1) YU76889A (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4023810A1 (de) * 1990-07-27 1992-01-30 Ako Werke Gmbh & Co Heizkoerper fuer ein elektrisches kochfeld
DE9214270U1 (de) * 1992-10-22 1994-04-07 Eichenauer Gmbh & Co Kg F Elektrischer Strahlungsheizeinsatz für Glaskeramik-Kochfeld
EP0637194A1 (fr) * 1993-07-28 1995-02-01 Ceramaspeed Limited Dispositif de chauffage électrique par rayonnement
EP0671863A2 (fr) * 1994-03-09 1995-09-13 Ceramaspeed Limited Elément de chauffage électrique royannant
GB2325604A (en) * 1997-05-22 1998-11-25 Ceramaspeed Ltd Electric heater support insulation
CN101005720B (zh) * 2006-01-06 2011-09-28 冯·阿德纳设备有限公司 包括加热盘管的辐射加热器的加热器面板
DE102018210972A1 (de) * 2018-07-04 2020-01-09 BSH Hausgeräte GmbH Kochfeld mit Lichtleitbereichen in einer Begrenzungswand eines Heizkörpers

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4004309A1 (de) * 1990-02-13 1991-08-14 Ego Elektro Blanc & Fischer Anzeigeeinrichtung fuer kochgeraete
DE4031343C2 (de) * 1990-10-04 1996-04-11 Ako Werke Gmbh & Co Verfahren zum Befestigen eines Heizdrahtes an einem Isolierträger und Heizkörper, insbesondere für eine Glaskeramik-Kochplatte
DE4122106A1 (de) * 1991-07-04 1993-01-07 Ako Werke Gmbh & Co Strahlungsheizvorrichtung fuer einen kochherd
DE4315888A1 (de) * 1993-02-11 1994-11-17 Belzig Elektrowaerme Gmbh Strahlungsheizkörper für Glaskeramikkochflächen
DE4438648A1 (de) * 1994-10-28 1996-05-02 Ego Elektro Blanc & Fischer Strahlungsheizkörper
DE19506685A1 (de) * 1995-02-25 1996-08-29 Ego Elektro Blanc & Fischer Elektrischer Strahlungsheizkörper und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3612828A (en) * 1970-06-22 1971-10-12 Gen Motors Corp Infrared radiant open coil heating unit with reflective fibrous-ceramic heater block
US3710076A (en) * 1972-02-17 1973-01-09 J Frazier Radiant surface-heater and temperature sensing assembly
GB2080660A (en) * 1980-07-22 1982-02-03 Micropore International Ltd Electric radiant heater unit for a glass ceramic top cooker
FR2522119A1 (fr) * 1977-07-02 1983-08-26 Fischer Karl Procede pour fabriquer une unite de chauffage par radiation, et unite de chauffage par radiation
EP0197547A2 (fr) * 1985-04-08 1986-10-15 The Kanthal Corporation Plaque chauffante de cuisson
EP0250880A2 (fr) * 1986-07-03 1988-01-07 E.G.O. Elektro-Geräte Blanc u. Fischer Corps de chauffage à rayonnement
EP0176027B1 (fr) * 1984-09-22 1989-02-01 E.G.O. Elektro-Geräte Blanc u. Fischer Elément chauffant à rayons pour appareils de cuisson

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3612828A (en) * 1970-06-22 1971-10-12 Gen Motors Corp Infrared radiant open coil heating unit with reflective fibrous-ceramic heater block
US3710076A (en) * 1972-02-17 1973-01-09 J Frazier Radiant surface-heater and temperature sensing assembly
FR2522119A1 (fr) * 1977-07-02 1983-08-26 Fischer Karl Procede pour fabriquer une unite de chauffage par radiation, et unite de chauffage par radiation
GB2080660A (en) * 1980-07-22 1982-02-03 Micropore International Ltd Electric radiant heater unit for a glass ceramic top cooker
EP0176027B1 (fr) * 1984-09-22 1989-02-01 E.G.O. Elektro-Geräte Blanc u. Fischer Elément chauffant à rayons pour appareils de cuisson
EP0197547A2 (fr) * 1985-04-08 1986-10-15 The Kanthal Corporation Plaque chauffante de cuisson
EP0250880A2 (fr) * 1986-07-03 1988-01-07 E.G.O. Elektro-Geräte Blanc u. Fischer Corps de chauffage à rayonnement

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4023810A1 (de) * 1990-07-27 1992-01-30 Ako Werke Gmbh & Co Heizkoerper fuer ein elektrisches kochfeld
DE9214270U1 (de) * 1992-10-22 1994-04-07 Eichenauer Gmbh & Co Kg F Elektrischer Strahlungsheizeinsatz für Glaskeramik-Kochfeld
EP0637194A1 (fr) * 1993-07-28 1995-02-01 Ceramaspeed Limited Dispositif de chauffage électrique par rayonnement
EP0671863A2 (fr) * 1994-03-09 1995-09-13 Ceramaspeed Limited Elément de chauffage électrique royannant
EP0671863A3 (fr) * 1994-03-09 1996-02-14 Ceramaspeed Ltd Elément de chauffage électrique royannant.
GB2325604A (en) * 1997-05-22 1998-11-25 Ceramaspeed Ltd Electric heater support insulation
CN101005720B (zh) * 2006-01-06 2011-09-28 冯·阿德纳设备有限公司 包括加热盘管的辐射加热器的加热器面板
DE102018210972A1 (de) * 2018-07-04 2020-01-09 BSH Hausgeräte GmbH Kochfeld mit Lichtleitbereichen in einer Begrenzungswand eines Heizkörpers

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
YU76889A (sh) 1992-07-20
DE3812490A1 (de) 1989-11-02
EP0337147A3 (fr) 1990-12-05

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