EP0335617B1 - Limitateur de courant pour éléments chauffants à couche épaisse - Google Patents
Limitateur de courant pour éléments chauffants à couche épaisse Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0335617B1 EP0335617B1 EP89302961A EP89302961A EP0335617B1 EP 0335617 B1 EP0335617 B1 EP 0335617B1 EP 89302961 A EP89302961 A EP 89302961A EP 89302961 A EP89302961 A EP 89302961A EP 0335617 B1 EP0335617 B1 EP 0335617B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- track
- tracks
- temperature
- heating element
- thick film
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Chemical compound [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromium trioxide Chemical compound O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002241 glass-ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- GEYXPJBPASPPLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(iii) oxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]O[Mn]=O GEYXPJBPASPPLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010215 titanium dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108091008874 T cell receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- QXZUUHYBWMWJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Co].[Ni] QXZUUHYBWMWJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006112 glass ceramic composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- KFAFTZQGYMGWLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxovanadiooxy)vanadium Chemical compound O=[V]O[V]=O KFAFTZQGYMGWLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009258 tissue cross reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/68—Heating arrangements specially adapted for cooking plates or analogous hot-plates
- H05B3/74—Non-metallic plates, e.g. vitroceramic, ceramic or glassceramic hobs, also including power or control circuits
- H05B3/748—Resistive heating elements, i.e. heating elements exposed to the air, e.g. coil wire heater
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
- H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
- H05B3/26—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
- H05B2203/005—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using multiple resistive elements or resistive zones isolated from each other
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/013—Heaters using resistive films or coatings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/019—Heaters using heating elements having a negative temperature coefficient
Definitions
- This invention relates to a heating element comprising a thick film electrically resistive track, the thick film being formed of a base metal and a glass.
- such a heating element be formed by depositing one or more thick film tracks on a glass ceramic surface of a composite support member, the track or tracks then being overglazed with a glass ceramic material for protection and to allow high temperature stable operation.
- One or a number of such heating elements may provide one or a number of hot-plate elements in a hob-top or alternatively a heating element may be mounted closely adjacent the underside of a glass ceramic cooktop to provide a heated area on the cooktop. More than one such heating element or a unitary support member bearing more than one heating element can be used to provide more than one heated area on the glass ceramic cooktop.
- a particularly suitable thick film for such applications includes nickel as base metal and will operate at the necessary power densities.
- An advantage of a heating element made of such a thick film, as disclosed in our copending EP 0286215A, is its high temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR), i.e. in excess of 0.006 per degree C in the temperature range of from 0°C to 550°C, which provides for rapid heat-up and effective self-regulation.
- TCR temperature coefficient of resistance
- the associated problem of the high TCR is that when the heating element is activated, there is a high current surge which may be up to five times the operating current of the heating element and may be sufficient to blow the fuse in many high power appliances.
- a cooker hob consisting of e.g. four such heating elements would have to be designed so that the elements could not be switched on within a few seconds of each other. Such control is expensive and could offset the low cost advantages of the heating element itself.
- a range of thick films have been developed which utilise a base metal and have a low TCR. Such low TCR thick films may be used for heating elements and will meet the requirements for most applications. However their power handling characteristics are significantly worse than those for a thick film heating element in which the base metal is nickel.
- EP-A-0,227,405 discloses a heating element comprising a plurality of thick film resistive which include separate conducting tracks for electrical connection to a power supply and which are also connected to the resistive tracks via components having a negative temperature coefficient of resistance. However, as the tracks in which the current flows are resistive, then the current flowing will increase with temperature.
- a heating element comprising a plurality of thick film electrically resistive tracks, the plurality of tracks including a first track for electrical connection to a power supply and a second track, at least one of said first and said second tracks being made of a thick film characterised by having in the temperature range of from 0°C to 550°C a temperature coefficient of resistance in excess of 0.006 per degree C, wherein a means for electrically connecting said first and said second tracks in parallel comprises a component which depends on temperature such that, in use, the current flowing in said second track increases with the temperature of said first track.
- the first and second tracks become electrically connected in parallel, allowing current to flow in the second track.
- the first track has a resistance which is higher than that of the first and second tracks electrically connected in parallel. Accordingly, the current initially drawn, and any current surge, which is characteristic of the resistance of the first track because of the temperature dependence of the means for electrically connecting, is less than would be the case if the first and second tracks were electrically connected in parallel when the heating element was initially connected to the power supply.
- the first track which is electrically connected to the power supply when the heating element is activated may have a high TCR. In this case, the heat up of the heating element would be more rapid when first activated.
- the temperature-dependent component is provided by a material having a negative temperature coefficient of resistance (NTC) and so is self-regulating with temperature.
- NTC negative temperature coefficient of resistance
- a heating element 1 comprises a plurality of thick film tracks 2, 4, 6 applied to a substrate 7.
- the tracks 2, 4, 6 are made of a nickel thick film having a high TCR as described in our copending EP 0286215. Thick films including cobalt or iron as base metal have similarly high TCRs and may also be used to produce tracks for heating elements.
- the track 2 has terminals 8, 10 for connection to an external power supply via electrical connectors (not shown).
- the track 2 is connected to the other tracks 4, 6 and they to each other at each end by components formed as bridges 12, 14 of a thick film material containing a composition which has an NTC of resistance.
- Suitable compositions include the following:
- the NTC bridges 12, 14 have a high resistance compared to the tracks 2, 4, 6 and thus the tracks 2, 4, 6 are effectively insulated from each other.
- the heating element When power is applied to the heating element there is a small current surge characteristic of the track 2 connected to the power supply. As the temperature increases, the current in this track 2 decreases (due to its increasing resistance) but at the same time the resistance of the NTC bridges 12, 14 decreases, thereby allowing increased current flow in the other tracks 4, 6.
- the net result is an overall current flow to the heating element 1 which shows no large increase or decrease with change in time or temperature.
- the principle of this is illustrated schematically in Figure 2 which shows variation of current with temperature for the following heating elements:
- control of the NTC material characteristics and the track geometry would allow design of a heating element with a virtually flat current response with temperature whatever the TCR value of the track material.
- FIG. 3 a suitable configuration for connection of tracks 16, 18 and an NTC bridge 20 is shown in which the NTC bridge 20 is sandwiched between the tracks 16, 18 on a substrate 22.
- the tracks and NTC bridges are protected from oxidation by an overglaze layer (not shown), allowing high temperature stable operation.
- NTC bridges need only be provided at one end of the thick film tracks, at the other end the tracks being electrically connected by conventional means.
- An NTC bridge could be provided only between the track 2 and its adjacent track 4 to limit current surge.
- a plurality of tracks could be provided between the connections to the external power supply and the first NTC bridge to determine the extent of current surge.
- each NTC bridge could form part of a track and be connectable in parallel which would allow the selective connection of the tracks to the power supply to vary the operating temperature of the heating element.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
- Control Of Resistance Heating (AREA)
Claims (6)
- Elément chauffant (1) comportant une pluralité de pistes (2,4,6) en film épais, électriquement résistantes, la pluralité de pistes (2,4,6) comprenant une première piste (2) pour connexion électrique à une alimentation de puissance et une seconde piste (4), au moins l'une de ladite première et de ladite seconde pistes étant faite d'un film épais caractérisé par le fait que sur la plage de température allant de 0°C à 550°C il a un coefficient de température de sa résistance supérieur à 0,006 par degré C, élément dans lequel un moyen (12) de connecter électriquement ladite première et ladite seconde pistes en parallèle comporte un composant qui dépend de la température de façon telle que, en service, l'intensité qui passe dans ladite seconde piste (4) croît avec la température de ladite première piste (2).
- Elément chauffant selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ladite première piste (2) est faite d'un film épais qui, sur la plage de température allant de 0°C à 550°C, a un coefficient de température de sa résistance supérieur à 0,006 par degré C.
- Elément chauffant selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel ladite seconde piste (4) comporte une pluralité d'autres pistes (6) et dans lequel les moyens (12,14) de connecter ladite pluralité d'autres pistes (6) en parallèle comportent un composant qui dépend de la température de façon telle que, en srvice, l'intensité qui passe dans chacune desdites autres pistes croît avec la température de ladite première piste.
- Elément chauffant selon la revendication 3, dans lequel un dit composant est prévu entre celles de ladite pluralité d'autres pistes qui sont adjacentes.
- Elément chauffant (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes dans lequel le composant qui dépend de la température est fourni par un matériau présentant un coefficient de température de sa résistance négatif.
- Elément chauffant (1) selon la revendication 5, dépendant de la revendication 4, dans lequel chacun desdits composants dépendant de la température comporte un premier et un second dits ponts à la première et à la seconde extrémités respectives des pistes.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT89302961T ATE98082T1 (de) | 1988-03-25 | 1989-03-23 | Strombegrenzung bei dickschichtfilmheizelementen. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB8807139 | 1988-03-25 | ||
GB888807139A GB8807139D0 (en) | 1988-03-25 | 1988-03-25 | Current source limitation for thick film heating elements |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0335617A2 EP0335617A2 (fr) | 1989-10-04 |
EP0335617A3 EP0335617A3 (fr) | 1991-03-20 |
EP0335617B1 true EP0335617B1 (fr) | 1993-12-01 |
Family
ID=10634106
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP89302961A Expired - Lifetime EP0335617B1 (fr) | 1988-03-25 | 1989-03-23 | Limitateur de courant pour éléments chauffants à couche épaisse |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0335617B1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE98082T1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE68911008T2 (fr) |
GB (1) | GB8807139D0 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ES2049180B1 (es) * | 1992-09-17 | 1996-11-01 | Eika S Coop Ltda | Mejoras en calefactores radiantes. |
GB9423901D0 (en) * | 1994-11-26 | 1995-01-11 | Pifco Ltd | Improvements to thick film elements |
GB2307385B (en) * | 1995-11-17 | 2000-05-24 | Ceramaspeed Ltd | Radiant electric heater |
GB2307384B (en) * | 1995-11-17 | 2000-05-24 | Ceramaspeed Ltd | Infra-red heater |
GB2363046B (en) * | 2000-05-30 | 2005-01-26 | Otter Controls Ltd | Improvements relating to electric heating emlements |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2777930A (en) * | 1954-04-28 | 1957-01-15 | Nathanson Max | Heating unit |
US3396055A (en) * | 1965-04-16 | 1968-08-06 | Vitreous Steel Products Compan | Radiant heating panels and resistive compositions for the same |
EP0208823A1 (fr) * | 1985-07-15 | 1987-01-21 | Kanthal AB | Résistance de chauffage électrique |
US4849611A (en) * | 1985-12-16 | 1989-07-18 | Raychem Corporation | Self-regulating heater employing reactive components |
-
1988
- 1988-03-25 GB GB888807139A patent/GB8807139D0/en active Pending
-
1989
- 1989-03-23 EP EP89302961A patent/EP0335617B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-03-23 DE DE68911008T patent/DE68911008T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-03-23 AT AT89302961T patent/ATE98082T1/de active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE68911008T2 (de) | 1994-06-16 |
ATE98082T1 (de) | 1993-12-15 |
EP0335617A2 (fr) | 1989-10-04 |
DE68911008D1 (de) | 1994-01-13 |
GB8807139D0 (en) | 1988-04-27 |
EP0335617A3 (fr) | 1991-03-20 |
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