Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
  • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
  • H01J61/02—Details
  • H01J61/56—One or more circuit elements structurally associated with the lamp
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
  • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
  • H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
  • H05B41/16—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by DC or by low-frequency AC, e.g. by 50 cycles/sec AC, or with network frequencies
  • H05B41/18—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by DC or by low-frequency AC, e.g. by 50 cycles/sec AC, or with network frequencies having a starting switch

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a discharge lamp or bulb, according to the invention a U-shaped fluorescent tube, mounted on a standardized base, which is transformed in its upper part, according to the invention, an Edison base.
• This base contains a capacitive supply ballast built under new diagrams. and ensuring the direct and safe connection-ing of the bulb or tube to a standardized socket in the alternative sector.
• ballasts which are of three types. They are either: - resistive - electronic - inductive
• the resistive ballast is only used for demonstration or troubleshooting, given its enormous current consumption, its dangerous thermal effects leading to necessarily significant insulation and size.
• the electronic ballast with transistor or other semiconductor is of a certain fragility considering the large number of component, which in addition creates a consequent volume for a complicated device, and opposing the general public market by a rather high cost; it is not widely distributed.
• Inductive (selfic) ballast is the most commonly used, it is based on the principle of lowering transformers, with core or laminated, with low losses. In all cases, by exploiting the peak voltage effect provo ⁇
• ballasts were not miniaturized and incorporated into the tubes which they fed because of their dimensions, and were not adapted to standardized bases which constitute a starting base for such ballasts.
• fluorescent miniature tubes or bulbs there are many forms, the best known being the simple U-shaped tube, with electrodes at close ends.
• These fluorescent tubes are produced industrially from cylindrical glass cane, rough drawing.
• the filaments and electrodes with which these tubes are provided are unsightly because they are visible to the naked eye through fluorescent powder, or black dots and traces of degassing dirty and obscure the entire circumference of the tube on the plummet of the filament.
• the present invention aims to remedy all these drawbacks by the construction of a high-efficiency fluorescent bulb or tube, with improved and miniaturized capacitive ballast, housed in a standardized base and transformed and forming a compact assembly.
• the present invention therefore relates to a discharge tube or lamp, particularly a fluorescent lamp, of flattened ovoid tubular shape, elliptical type, associated with its capacitive ballast and provided with a fitted and standardized base.
• the purpose of the capacitive ballast according to the invention is to resolve all the drawbacks previously mentioned in the power supply system, in particular for small tubes, of medium power, from 1 to 20 Watt. consumption from 0.05 to 0.5 Ampere, whatever the AC voltage of the network and its frequency, but according to the invention:
• the simplest form of using a capacitive ballast for a fluorescent tube is direct connection to the network.
• the ballast at the origin is therefore formed by one or more capacitors.
• a characteristic which is essential to this ballast is that it is shunted by a resistance of high value and making it possible to solve the following problems:
• this shunt resistor (21) is established between 5 Kilo Ohms at 1 Million megohms, of power 1 thousandth of Watt at 100 Watt, and according to the invention more particularly 150 Kilo Ohms, half a watt power. It can be split, and made in the form of a deposit or other.
• the shunt capacitors (16) (21) are mounted in parallel two by two or with several combinations, and the successive connection is made by a semiconductor or by mechanical contacts (rotocontactor) or electromechanical (relay) in possible connection according to a defined cycle.
• the resistivity of the plasma column acts as a divider bridge with the capacitor and provides a voltage to the lamp proportional to the impedance of the assembly.
• the tube stabilizes its voltage compared to its consumption compared to a variable network supply.
• a second essential and notable improvement to this ballast consists of a series connection of a filtering resistor with the tube, at one or both ends.
• this filtering resistance (15) of 1 thousandth to 10 kilo ohms, of power one thousandth to one hundred watt, is according to the invention of 25 ohms 1 watt.
• This improved capacitive ballast according to the invention is remarkable in that its size (volume) and its weight are respectively 20 and 40 times less than the inductive ballasts in service, such as the Schwabe L4 / 6/8 242 or Philips LA M1 models.
• This improved ballast is miniaturizable, the capacitive reactance or capacitance decreasing in opposite direction to the supply frequency which can go up to 19 Megaherz, and according to the formula the size, volume, weight and insulation of the capacitor varies widely.
• ballast does not consume current, only a few micro-amps at the shunt level; therefore no Joule effect or risk of fire.
• the capacitor will be cylindrical, slipping into the base and increasing the available volume (38,7), Figure 14.
• the capacitor introduces a phase shift at its terminals, the intensity I is phase shifted 90 degrees forward with respect to the voltage, the resistivity of the plasma column of the discharge tube restoring the reshaping, which is at l 'against what the technical person and the director think; the phase shift, the capacitor, the type of ignition without voltage peak not being able to ensure the starting of the tube, the realization of the priming and the permanent supply of the discharges.
• the tube (1) must include a very conductive column given the small difference in potential at the electrodes, at ignition, mains voltage, which leads to very short pre-heating, of the order of two to three times more short .
• the tube igniting between 1 hundredth and 10 seconds, according to the invention in 0.75 seconds on average.
• the value of the resistance of the filaments being defined and stopped for a given current and voltage capped.
• the neon choke according to the invention is of a new type, with faster contacts and according to a new construction in a flat cylinder with a shank opposite the foot, which is replaced by a weld on the wall. It is therefore of low volume, less than 2 cm3, and it is antiparasitic by a tantalum capacitor of 1 ⁇ F to 1 pF, according to the invention 3.45 nanofarad.
• the ballast resistors can be of any type.
• ballast defined above and the additional filter resistance to the supply are used, and a tube low internal resistivity, less than 500 Ohms.
• This ballast is adaptable to all types of discharge tube, it is possible to use Zener diodes, micro-Selfs, semiconductor rectifiers, active or passive or mixed components for ignition. Resistors parallel to each filament can be connected and controlled by Triac-Diac.
• the trigger is mounted in several modes and quadrants with a Diac preferably according to the invention, a relaxer mounting or the trigger current is reset in phase by series resistance, and or control Diac . In this assembly thus described, a short-lived vibrator can be placed
• the Diac no longer conducts and cuts the thermal radiation of the series filaments, also called preheating.
• phase-shifting R.C network of load resistance from 100 to 5000 Ohms, according to the invention of about 2000 Ohms.
• a parallel resistance of between 50 and 9000 Ohms according to the invention
• 500 Ohms with weakly conductive track from 0.01 ohm to 1000 Ohms, according to the invention 20 ohms, and capacity of 3.5 microfarad, more or less ten percent, isolated 100 volts type MKH from Siemens, is arranged with the tube. It is very stable, heats little, less than 50 degrees, the terminal voltage from 20 to 50 volts stabilizes at 30 volts.
• the interference suppressor is connected alone in parallel to the tube or bulb, and the ignition is instantaneous, less than 1 second, also thanks to the improvements made to the electrodes, to the filaments, to the composition of the filling gas, to the pressure thereof, with multiple conductive deposits.
• the invention as soon as the voltage across the terminals of the new starter drops below about 80 volts, the latter no longer conducts, the current then passing through the column in the plasma state (chain reaction).
• - Figure 19 shows the ballast with ignition by Triac connected in parallel to the tube, the trigger comprising Diac connected between the filter resistor and the tube.
• the Triac being insulated by a resistor, so that the assembly is in phase with the tube (48).
• - Figure 20 represents the ballast with ignition by choke connected in parallel to the tube, with semi-resistive track making electrode (22) of proximity - without preheating
• - figure 21 represents the ballast with instantaneous ignition by resistive track making electrode of proximity (breakdown of a thermionic cloud)
• FIG. 22 shows the instant start ballast with internal resistive track and external parallel resistance (46).
• FIG. 23 shows the instant start ballast with Diac in phase between resistance (47) with semi-resistive track.
• the fluorescent tube according to the invention with its significant improvements, aims to remedy all the drawbacks previously mentioned in terms of quantity and quality of lighting and flexibility.
• the principle of construction of this tube is the maximum widening of the discharge chamber so as to provide an optimum surface for the deposition of fluorescent powder, and for concealment of the emitter assemblies. It is produced from a cylindrical tube of raw drawing glass, with a diameter between 10 and
• the tube (1) is annealed then the two cylindrical parts (27) are cut from 0.1 to 10 centimeters, 0.8 according to the invention (26) on either side of each end of the blown tube. It is then softened in the middle, then curved (3) in a U on a template (4) and blown according to the art of the technique while retaining its curved shapes (2), notably at the level of the U.
• the two screw walls screws have a deviation varying from 0.1 to 30 milli-
• the tube is filled with fluorescent paste (10) then emptied by siphonage or decanting, then placed in an arched or stationary oven, tube standing position, in a controlled atmosphere for pyrolization of the dough binder.
• fluorescent paste 10
• the tube is filled with fluorescent paste (10) then emptied by siphonage or decanting, then placed in an arched or stationary oven, tube standing position, in a controlled atmosphere for pyrolization of the dough binder.
• a temperature between 300 and 600 degrees at 450 according to the invention and for three minutes.
• each end (25,26) is carefully rid of fluorescent powder (24), to eliminate any risk of micro-leaks in the welds.
• the U-shaped tube is mounted in an eccentric jaw of a lathe or other machine, then successively the two complete feet are welded (30) each to a cylindrical end (28), this one by its shape guaranteeing a fast, solid and without welding default.
• the emitting filaments are placed at the beginning of the powdered ovoid part and placed on the longest axis of the tube, the filaments are parallel to each other (41), Figure 4.
• the U-shaped tube measures from 5 to 50 centimeters according to the invention 12 centimeters excluding the base, and once finished, it can carry one cap (19) per foot. It is then mounted on a pumping frame with introduction of mercury (29) treated with a weight of 3 to 9 milligrams, especially according to the invention 6 milligrams. Then sealing the enclosure after pumping and filling with rare gases.
• the filling pressures are different from those of the induction ignition tubes, as much as the composition of the filling gas. While for induction tubes, it takes a pressure of the order of 1 to 2.5 millibars, for the capacitive mode, it is necessary to increase the pressure for a quick start.
• the pressure range required being from 1 to 7 millibars, according to the invention of 4.5 millibars. This makes it possible to obtain a rapid breakdown, see instantaneous of the column.
• the tube comprises several highly conductive rare gases, associated with the main gas, here argon. These are helium, krypton, xenon, or the like in small quantities, and according to the invention 1 percent helium and 6 percent krypton, the remainder then being argon. The spectrum still remains at 254 nanometers.
• the electrodes also undergo a special treatment facilitating the disruptive breakdown of the column. They are degassed at high temperature 600 degrees under prolonged vacuum, then mounted on feet (23) or they undergo an electrolite deposit of a few microns of a precious metal (gold, silver, platinum, etc.) which does not recombine with mercury.
• the resistivity of the filaments has been improved by a few ohms, from 18 to 20 for instant maintenance of the discharge, and a very rapid rise in temperature.
• the mercury is carefully dosed to avoid excessive condensation which prevents the tube from starting up.
• the spiraling of the filaments has been deconcentrated so as to offer a greater volume of emission to the alkaline earth oxides and to hook more of the free electrons present in the enclosure. the introduction of a getter guarantees the longevity of the electrodes, the filament and the bulb or tube.
• this can be deposited before or after the introduction of the fluorescent paste, having substantially the shape of a U or other form, transparent or not, based on graphite, alumina and silica being intended to ensure the best ignition and being as less visible as possible, be deposited in the part of the lamp where the walls face each other, template level.
• the tube has the maximum emissive surface in the largest axis A of the ovoid, elliptical type, the latter always being greater than the diameter D of another tube of circular cross-section and in U, which could take place in the base or outside of it.
• the diameter of the circular section tube being equal to the minor axis B of the shape éllip ⁇
• the tube according to the invention offering a maximum of radiant surface and with specially spaced walls, forms an external diameter of 24 to 26 millimeters, according to the invention, 25 millimeters and in all cases in the extension (5) and the template d 'an Edison base (7), or bayonet, or goliath, or other.
• the ellipsoidal and ovoidal shape of the molded tube is determined so as not to exceed the gauge in diameter and in circumference of the base for which the tube is intended. In another form, it can exceed the diameter of the base (34) and have tubular parts associated with the improved capacitive ballast (42).
• the cylindrical ends carrying the electrodes are completely lowered into the base, or in the slight extension (6) of its straight and high part, which can go up to 2 centimeters.
• the bottom of the branches of the U-shaped tube perfectly join (8) the smooth wall of the base, and do not exceed its diameter.
• the ovoid parts can be replaced by any tubular parts (42) larger than 12 millimeters in diameter, the external gauge of the assembly being able (34) then to exceed the diameter of the base by several hundred -
• a third embodiment it is possible to use flat tube (43), with two flat faces, according to FIG. 27.
• the top of the curved part can be U-shaped or square (28), FIG. 28.
• the ovoid and ellipsoidal shape makes it possible to multiply the radiant surface at least by 1.52 compared to a conventional cylindrical tube, and responds to the envisaged output greater than 400 Lumens for a total consumption of 6 Watt, including the ballast , (figure 29).
• the tube is produced in a removable form (31), its base part comprising a plastic die for example, of square or circular shape, and comprising the electrical contacts, two or four, and coming to fit in the fastening system provided
• This high efficiency fluorescent tube with improved capacitive ballast consumes less than the same inductive ballast tube, with equal luminescence. It has a lower cost due to its components and its technical design, in a ratio of 1 to 5.
• a standardized base especially according to the invention, an Edison base, and the adaptation of a miniaturized ballast to this base, makes it possible to definitively solve the problem of the interchangeability of the lighting modes and brings flexibility in the use of light sources.
• a modified standardized base (33) modified (37), of the Edison type meets these concerns.
• the supply ballast is deposited in the very bottom of the base, phase wire in the central contact (11).
• These capacitors which, because they are parallel-piped cause a volume loss of at least 70 percent, can be cylindrical and of the free diameter of the base, which increases the equivalent space saving by 75 percent at the disposal of other components.
• This or these capacitors which have no thermal effect but are sensitive to heat are separated by an insulating disc (17) from the other components which can heat, in addition to the emitter assemblies (12,13).
• capacitors are embedded in the resin, above which is placed the neon suppressor, or other ignition mode and the electrical connections. They are made by clamping / pinching. The sons are careful
• the top of the base (33) is lengthened by 0.1 to 10 cm, 1.5 according to the invention, so that the ovoid parts are well taken in the base, after arrangement of the tube, the sealing litarge is deposited in the top of the base between the wall, the glass tubes, and the components.
• a stamped disc and perforated to the shape is taken at the top of the base.
• the base can also be prepared upside down and close at the level of a large cutout in the contact (11) at the end of the base.
• All these removable closure parts can be welded, screwed, glued, riveted, strapped, or any other non-limiting means.
• the metal parts folded down at the level of the closure of the ovoids are slightly curved (35).
• the electrodes and the part of the fluorescent tube where they can be guessed and their connection are completely masked according to the invention over 12 millimeters without this distance being immutable, by the right skirt of the base, or flared skirt another base, specially made to receive a tube of greater diameter.
• the top of the base is folded down according to a special, ovoid cut, the two semi-ovoid flaps being pushed towards the inside of the tube or the walls face each other.
• the cells are eliminated. Only the top of the base is lengthened by 3 to 10 millimeters, 6 according to an adaptation, and flared between 1 and 3 millimeters.
• vitrite is not used to close the cap on the central contact side (11).
• the capacitors and the entire ballast can be positioned around a rod
• the base containing the complete ballast is slightly (36) modified to receive the tube in a removable form.
• a system of clip, pressure, rotating flange, screw thread ring keeps the whole together.
• the base may include in its upper part a sliding ring (32) (33) insulating 15 millimeters in height so as to allow the user to change the tube without removing the base from its socket and elec- -trocuter during a live replacement.
• the tubes according to the invention being made in all powers and luminances.
• this fluorescent-tube or bulb is arranged and embedded in a plastic die which can also be circular, keeping only 2 external electrical contacts and concealed for the establishment of the electrical connection.
• This die is positioned on the base then held by screwing or different firm systems.
• This type of speaker connection on a capacitive ballast base can be extended to other types of fluorescent bulbs or discharge lamps, or other lamp and electrical equipment.
• the second electrical supply wire is drawn through the top of the base when gluing the litarge then welded to the wall of the base (18) and cut.

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• Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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ID=9340751

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• 1986
  • 1986-11-13 FR FR8615760A patent/FR2606932B1/fr not_active Expired
• 1987
  • 1987-11-10 EP EP87907670A patent/EP0334865A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1987-11-10 WO PCT/FR1987/000444 patent/WO1988003702A1/fr not_active Ceased
  • 1987-11-10 AU AU83234/87A patent/AU8323487A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1987-11-10 KR KR1019880700823A patent/KR910007836B1/ko not_active Expired

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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