EP0334865A1 - Fluorescent discharge tube with capacitive ballast, standardized cap, forming a compact assembly - Google Patents

Fluorescent discharge tube with capacitive ballast, standardized cap, forming a compact assembly

Info

Publication number
EP0334865A1
EP0334865A1 EP87907670A EP87907670A EP0334865A1 EP 0334865 A1 EP0334865 A1 EP 0334865A1 EP 87907670 A EP87907670 A EP 87907670A EP 87907670 A EP87907670 A EP 87907670A EP 0334865 A1 EP0334865 A1 EP 0334865A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tube
base
ballast
fluorescent tube
tube according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP87907670A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Pierre Alain Dumas
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0334865A1 publication Critical patent/EP0334865A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/56—One or more circuit elements structurally associated with the lamp
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/16—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by dc or by low-frequency ac, e.g. by 50 cycles/sec ac, or with network frequencies
    • H05B41/18—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by dc or by low-frequency ac, e.g. by 50 cycles/sec ac, or with network frequencies having a starting switch

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a discharge lamp or bulb, according to the invention a U-shaped fluorescent tube, mounted on a standardized base, which is transformed in its upper part, according to the invention, an Edison base.
  • This base contains a capacitive supply ballast built under new diagrams. and ensuring the direct and safe connection-ing of the bulb or tube to a standardized socket in the alternative sector.
  • ballasts which are of three types. They are either: - resistive - electronic - inductive
  • the resistive ballast is only used for demonstration or troubleshooting, given its enormous current consumption, its dangerous thermal effects leading to necessarily significant insulation and size.
  • the electronic ballast with transistor or other semiconductor is of a certain fragility considering the large number of component, which in addition creates a consequent volume for a complicated device, and opposing the general public market by a rather high cost; it is not widely distributed.
  • Inductive (selfic) ballast is the most commonly used, it is based on the principle of lowering transformers, with core or laminated, with low losses. In all cases, by exploiting the peak voltage effect provo ⁇
  • ballasts were not miniaturized and incorporated into the tubes which they fed because of their dimensions, and were not adapted to standardized bases which constitute a starting base for such ballasts.
  • fluorescent miniature tubes or bulbs there are many forms, the best known being the simple U-shaped tube, with electrodes at close ends.
  • These fluorescent tubes are produced industrially from cylindrical glass cane, rough drawing.
  • the filaments and electrodes with which these tubes are provided are unsightly because they are visible to the naked eye through fluorescent powder, or black dots and traces of degassing dirty and obscure the entire circumference of the tube on the plummet of the filament.
  • the present invention aims to remedy all these drawbacks by the construction of a high-efficiency fluorescent bulb or tube, with improved and miniaturized capacitive ballast, housed in a standardized base and transformed and forming a compact assembly.
  • the present invention therefore relates to a discharge tube or lamp, particularly a fluorescent lamp, of flattened ovoid tubular shape, elliptical type, associated with its capacitive ballast and provided with a fitted and standardized base.
  • the purpose of the capacitive ballast according to the invention is to resolve all the drawbacks previously mentioned in the power supply system, in particular for small tubes, of medium power, from 1 to 20 Watt. consumption from 0.05 to 0.5 Ampere, whatever the AC voltage of the network and its frequency, but according to the invention:
  • the simplest form of using a capacitive ballast for a fluorescent tube is direct connection to the network.
  • the ballast at the origin is therefore formed by one or more capacitors.
  • a characteristic which is essential to this ballast is that it is shunted by a resistance of high value and making it possible to solve the following problems:
  • this shunt resistor (21) is established between 5 Kilo Ohms at 1 Million megohms, of power 1 thousandth of Watt at 100 Watt, and according to the invention more particularly 150 Kilo Ohms, half a watt power. It can be split, and made in the form of a deposit or other.
  • the shunt capacitors (16) (21) are mounted in parallel two by two or with several combinations, and the successive connection is made by a semiconductor or by mechanical contacts (rotocontactor) or electromechanical (relay) in possible connection according to a defined cycle.
  • the resistivity of the plasma column acts as a divider bridge with the capacitor and provides a voltage to the lamp proportional to the impedance of the assembly.
  • the tube stabilizes its voltage compared to its consumption compared to a variable network supply.
  • a second essential and notable improvement to this ballast consists of a series connection of a filtering resistor with the tube, at one or both ends.
  • this filtering resistance (15) of 1 thousandth to 10 kilo ohms, of power one thousandth to one hundred watt, is according to the invention of 25 ohms 1 watt.
  • This improved capacitive ballast according to the invention is remarkable in that its size (volume) and its weight are respectively 20 and 40 times less than the inductive ballasts in service, such as the Schwabe L4 / 6/8 242 or Philips LA M1 models.
  • This improved ballast is miniaturizable, the capacitive reactance or capacitance decreasing in opposite direction to the supply frequency which can go up to 19 Megaherz, and according to the formula the size, volume, weight and insulation of the capacitor varies widely.
  • ballast does not consume current, only a few micro-amps at the shunt level; therefore no Joule effect or risk of fire.
  • the capacitor will be cylindrical, slipping into the base and increasing the available volume (38,7), Figure 14.
  • the capacitor introduces a phase shift at its terminals, the intensity I is phase shifted 90 degrees forward with respect to the voltage, the resistivity of the plasma column of the discharge tube restoring the reshaping, which is at l 'against what the technical person and the director think; the phase shift, the capacitor, the type of ignition without voltage peak not being able to ensure the starting of the tube, the realization of the priming and the permanent supply of the discharges.
  • the tube (1) must include a very conductive column given the small difference in potential at the electrodes, at ignition, mains voltage, which leads to very short pre-heating, of the order of two to three times more short .
  • the tube igniting between 1 hundredth and 10 seconds, according to the invention in 0.75 seconds on average.
  • the value of the resistance of the filaments being defined and stopped for a given current and voltage capped.
  • the neon choke according to the invention is of a new type, with faster contacts and according to a new construction in a flat cylinder with a shank opposite the foot, which is replaced by a weld on the wall. It is therefore of low volume, less than 2 cm3, and it is antiparasitic by a tantalum capacitor of 1 ⁇ F to 1 pF, according to the invention 3.45 nanofarad.
  • the ballast resistors can be of any type.
  • ballast defined above and the additional filter resistance to the supply are used, and a tube low internal resistivity, less than 500 Ohms.
  • This ballast is adaptable to all types of discharge tube, it is possible to use Zener diodes, micro-Selfs, semiconductor rectifiers, active or passive or mixed components for ignition. Resistors parallel to each filament can be connected and controlled by Triac-Diac.
  • the trigger is mounted in several modes and quadrants with a Diac preferably according to the invention, a relaxer mounting or the trigger current is reset in phase by series resistance, and or control Diac . In this assembly thus described, a short-lived vibrator can be placed
  • the Diac no longer conducts and cuts the thermal radiation of the series filaments, also called preheating.
  • phase-shifting R.C network of load resistance from 100 to 5000 Ohms, according to the invention of about 2000 Ohms.
  • a parallel resistance of between 50 and 9000 Ohms according to the invention
  • 500 Ohms with weakly conductive track from 0.01 ohm to 1000 Ohms, according to the invention 20 ohms, and capacity of 3.5 microfarad, more or less ten percent, isolated 100 volts type MKH from Siemens, is arranged with the tube. It is very stable, heats little, less than 50 degrees, the terminal voltage from 20 to 50 volts stabilizes at 30 volts.
  • the interference suppressor is connected alone in parallel to the tube or bulb, and the ignition is instantaneous, less than 1 second, also thanks to the improvements made to the electrodes, to the filaments, to the composition of the filling gas, to the pressure thereof, with multiple conductive deposits.
  • the invention as soon as the voltage across the terminals of the new starter drops below about 80 volts, the latter no longer conducts, the current then passing through the column in the plasma state (chain reaction).
  • - Figure 19 shows the ballast with ignition by Triac connected in parallel to the tube, the trigger comprising Diac connected between the filter resistor and the tube.
  • the Triac being insulated by a resistor, so that the assembly is in phase with the tube (48).
  • - Figure 20 represents the ballast with ignition by choke connected in parallel to the tube, with semi-resistive track making electrode (22) of proximity - without preheating
  • - figure 21 represents the ballast with instantaneous ignition by resistive track making electrode of proximity (breakdown of a thermionic cloud)
  • FIG. 22 shows the instant start ballast with internal resistive track and external parallel resistance (46).
  • FIG. 23 shows the instant start ballast with Diac in phase between resistance (47) with semi-resistive track.
  • the fluorescent tube according to the invention with its significant improvements, aims to remedy all the drawbacks previously mentioned in terms of quantity and quality of lighting and flexibility.
  • the principle of construction of this tube is the maximum widening of the discharge chamber so as to provide an optimum surface for the deposition of fluorescent powder, and for concealment of the emitter assemblies. It is produced from a cylindrical tube of raw drawing glass, with a diameter between 10 and
  • the tube (1) is annealed then the two cylindrical parts (27) are cut from 0.1 to 10 centimeters, 0.8 according to the invention (26) on either side of each end of the blown tube. It is then softened in the middle, then curved (3) in a U on a template (4) and blown according to the art of the technique while retaining its curved shapes (2), notably at the level of the U.
  • the two screw walls screws have a deviation varying from 0.1 to 30 milli-
  • the tube is filled with fluorescent paste (10) then emptied by siphonage or decanting, then placed in an arched or stationary oven, tube standing position, in a controlled atmosphere for pyrolization of the dough binder.
  • fluorescent paste 10
  • the tube is filled with fluorescent paste (10) then emptied by siphonage or decanting, then placed in an arched or stationary oven, tube standing position, in a controlled atmosphere for pyrolization of the dough binder.
  • a temperature between 300 and 600 degrees at 450 according to the invention and for three minutes.
  • each end (25,26) is carefully rid of fluorescent powder (24), to eliminate any risk of micro-leaks in the welds.
  • the U-shaped tube is mounted in an eccentric jaw of a lathe or other machine, then successively the two complete feet are welded (30) each to a cylindrical end (28), this one by its shape guaranteeing a fast, solid and without welding default.
  • the emitting filaments are placed at the beginning of the powdered ovoid part and placed on the longest axis of the tube, the filaments are parallel to each other (41), Figure 4.
  • the U-shaped tube measures from 5 to 50 centimeters according to the invention 12 centimeters excluding the base, and once finished, it can carry one cap (19) per foot. It is then mounted on a pumping frame with introduction of mercury (29) treated with a weight of 3 to 9 milligrams, especially according to the invention 6 milligrams. Then sealing the enclosure after pumping and filling with rare gases.
  • the filling pressures are different from those of the induction ignition tubes, as much as the composition of the filling gas. While for induction tubes, it takes a pressure of the order of 1 to 2.5 millibars, for the capacitive mode, it is necessary to increase the pressure for a quick start.
  • the pressure range required being from 1 to 7 millibars, according to the invention of 4.5 millibars. This makes it possible to obtain a rapid breakdown, see instantaneous of the column.
  • the tube comprises several highly conductive rare gases, associated with the main gas, here argon. These are helium, krypton, xenon, or the like in small quantities, and according to the invention 1 percent helium and 6 percent krypton, the remainder then being argon. The spectrum still remains at 254 nanometers.
  • the electrodes also undergo a special treatment facilitating the disruptive breakdown of the column. They are degassed at high temperature 600 degrees under prolonged vacuum, then mounted on feet (23) or they undergo an electrolite deposit of a few microns of a precious metal (gold, silver, platinum, etc.) which does not recombine with mercury.
  • the resistivity of the filaments has been improved by a few ohms, from 18 to 20 for instant maintenance of the discharge, and a very rapid rise in temperature.
  • the mercury is carefully dosed to avoid excessive condensation which prevents the tube from starting up.
  • the spiraling of the filaments has been deconcentrated so as to offer a greater volume of emission to the alkaline earth oxides and to hook more of the free electrons present in the enclosure. the introduction of a getter guarantees the longevity of the electrodes, the filament and the bulb or tube.
  • this can be deposited before or after the introduction of the fluorescent paste, having substantially the shape of a U or other form, transparent or not, based on graphite, alumina and silica being intended to ensure the best ignition and being as less visible as possible, be deposited in the part of the lamp where the walls face each other, template level.
  • the tube has the maximum emissive surface in the largest axis A of the ovoid, elliptical type, the latter always being greater than the diameter D of another tube of circular cross-section and in U, which could take place in the base or outside of it.
  • the diameter of the circular section tube being equal to the minor axis B of the shape éllip ⁇
  • the tube according to the invention offering a maximum of radiant surface and with specially spaced walls, forms an external diameter of 24 to 26 millimeters, according to the invention, 25 millimeters and in all cases in the extension (5) and the template d 'an Edison base (7), or bayonet, or goliath, or other.
  • the ellipsoidal and ovoidal shape of the molded tube is determined so as not to exceed the gauge in diameter and in circumference of the base for which the tube is intended. In another form, it can exceed the diameter of the base (34) and have tubular parts associated with the improved capacitive ballast (42).
  • the cylindrical ends carrying the electrodes are completely lowered into the base, or in the slight extension (6) of its straight and high part, which can go up to 2 centimeters.
  • the bottom of the branches of the U-shaped tube perfectly join (8) the smooth wall of the base, and do not exceed its diameter.
  • the ovoid parts can be replaced by any tubular parts (42) larger than 12 millimeters in diameter, the external gauge of the assembly being able (34) then to exceed the diameter of the base by several hundred -
  • a third embodiment it is possible to use flat tube (43), with two flat faces, according to FIG. 27.
  • the top of the curved part can be U-shaped or square (28), FIG. 28.
  • the ovoid and ellipsoidal shape makes it possible to multiply the radiant surface at least by 1.52 compared to a conventional cylindrical tube, and responds to the envisaged output greater than 400 Lumens for a total consumption of 6 Watt, including the ballast , (figure 29).
  • the tube is produced in a removable form (31), its base part comprising a plastic die for example, of square or circular shape, and comprising the electrical contacts, two or four, and coming to fit in the fastening system provided
  • This high efficiency fluorescent tube with improved capacitive ballast consumes less than the same inductive ballast tube, with equal luminescence. It has a lower cost due to its components and its technical design, in a ratio of 1 to 5.
  • a standardized base especially according to the invention, an Edison base, and the adaptation of a miniaturized ballast to this base, makes it possible to definitively solve the problem of the interchangeability of the lighting modes and brings flexibility in the use of light sources.
  • a modified standardized base (33) modified (37), of the Edison type meets these concerns.
  • the supply ballast is deposited in the very bottom of the base, phase wire in the central contact (11).
  • These capacitors which, because they are parallel-piped cause a volume loss of at least 70 percent, can be cylindrical and of the free diameter of the base, which increases the equivalent space saving by 75 percent at the disposal of other components.
  • This or these capacitors which have no thermal effect but are sensitive to heat are separated by an insulating disc (17) from the other components which can heat, in addition to the emitter assemblies (12,13).
  • capacitors are embedded in the resin, above which is placed the neon suppressor, or other ignition mode and the electrical connections. They are made by clamping / pinching. The sons are careful
  • the top of the base (33) is lengthened by 0.1 to 10 cm, 1.5 according to the invention, so that the ovoid parts are well taken in the base, after arrangement of the tube, the sealing litarge is deposited in the top of the base between the wall, the glass tubes, and the components.
  • a stamped disc and perforated to the shape is taken at the top of the base.
  • the base can also be prepared upside down and close at the level of a large cutout in the contact (11) at the end of the base.
  • All these removable closure parts can be welded, screwed, glued, riveted, strapped, or any other non-limiting means.
  • the metal parts folded down at the level of the closure of the ovoids are slightly curved (35).
  • the electrodes and the part of the fluorescent tube where they can be guessed and their connection are completely masked according to the invention over 12 millimeters without this distance being immutable, by the right skirt of the base, or flared skirt another base, specially made to receive a tube of greater diameter.
  • the top of the base is folded down according to a special, ovoid cut, the two semi-ovoid flaps being pushed towards the inside of the tube or the walls face each other.
  • the cells are eliminated. Only the top of the base is lengthened by 3 to 10 millimeters, 6 according to an adaptation, and flared between 1 and 3 millimeters.
  • vitrite is not used to close the cap on the central contact side (11).
  • the capacitors and the entire ballast can be positioned around a rod
  • the base containing the complete ballast is slightly (36) modified to receive the tube in a removable form.
  • a system of clip, pressure, rotating flange, screw thread ring keeps the whole together.
  • the base may include in its upper part a sliding ring (32) (33) insulating 15 millimeters in height so as to allow the user to change the tube without removing the base from its socket and elec- -trocuter during a live replacement.
  • the tubes according to the invention being made in all powers and luminances.
  • this fluorescent-tube or bulb is arranged and embedded in a plastic die which can also be circular, keeping only 2 external electrical contacts and concealed for the establishment of the electrical connection.
  • This die is positioned on the base then held by screwing or different firm systems.
  • This type of speaker connection on a capacitive ballast base can be extended to other types of fluorescent bulbs or discharge lamps, or other lamp and electrical equipment.
  • the second electrical supply wire is drawn through the top of the base when gluing the litarge then welded to the wall of the base (18) and cut.

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  • Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)

Abstract

Un tube fluorescent (1) à haut rendement, muni d'un ballast d'alimentation capacitive (14, 15, 16, 21) miniature logé dans un culot normalisé (7) et modifié (37), le tout formant un ensemble compact autorisant le branchement direct sur le secteur. Tube ou lampe constitué d'une enceinte à décharge, de forme ovoïde et elliptique (9) courbé en U, et formant le même diamètre que le culot (7, 37). Les ensembles émetteurs (12, 13) sont descendus dans le culot, et masqués par celui-ci, procurant un confort visuel très notable. Le culot qui est modifié dans sa partie supérieure pour recevoir et maintenir le tube, contient en son corps le ballast d'alimentation capacitive, le starter et les divers composants. Le scellement de l'ensemble par collage (8) donne un tube ou une ampoule compacte. Le tube ou l'ampoule selon l'invention est particulièrement destiné à être branché sur le secteur.A high-efficiency fluorescent tube (1), fitted with a miniature capacitive supply ballast (14, 15, 16, 21) housed in a standardized (7) and modified (37) base, the whole forming a compact assembly allowing direct connection to the mains. Tube or lamp made up of a discharge vessel, of ovoid and elliptical shape (9) curved in a U, and forming the same diameter as the base (7, 37). The transmitter assemblies (12, 13) are lowered into the base, and masked by it, providing very noticeable visual comfort. The base which is modified in its upper part to receive and maintain the tube, contains in its body the capacitive supply ballast, the choke and the various components. Sealing the assembly by gluing (8) gives a compact tube or bulb. The tube or the bulb according to the invention is particularly intended to be connected to the mains.

Description

" Tube à décharge fluorescent , à ballast capacitif à culot normalisé , formant ensemble compact " "Fluorescent discharge tube, with capacitive ballast with standardized base, forming a compact assembly"
La présente invention concerne une lampe ou ampoule à décharge , selon l'invention un tube fluorescent en U , monté sur un culot normalisé , lequel est transformé dans sa partie supérieure , selon l'invention , un culot Edison . Ce culot contient un ballast d'alimentation capacitive construit sous de nouveaux schémas . et assurant le branche-ment direct et sans danger de l'ampoule ou tube sur une douille normalisée du secteur alternatif .The present invention relates to a discharge lamp or bulb, according to the invention a U-shaped fluorescent tube, mounted on a standardized base, which is transformed in its upper part, according to the invention, an Edison base. This base contains a capacitive supply ballast built under new diagrams. and ensuring the direct and safe connection-ing of the bulb or tube to a standardized socket in the alternative sector.
L'alimentation des tubes ou ampoules fluorescentes devant être stabilisé entre 20 et 60 volts et 0,1 et 0,5 ampère maximum , ne pouvant être assuré par le secteur , au courant et à la tension trop élevés , il est fait appel à des ballasts abaisseurs qui sont de trois types . Ils sont soit : - résistifs - électroniques - inductifsSince the supply of fluorescent tubes or bulbs must be stabilized between 20 and 60 volts and 0.1 and 0.5 amps maximum, as it cannot be supplied by the sector, at too high current and voltage, use is made of lowering ballasts which are of three types. They are either: - resistive - electronic - inductive
Le ballast résistif n'est utilisé qu'en démonstration ou dépannage , vu son énorme consommation en courant , ses effets thermiques dangereux conduisant à une isolation et taille nécessairement importantes.The resistive ballast is only used for demonstration or troubleshooting, given its enormous current consumption, its dangerous thermal effects leading to necessarily significant insulation and size.
Le ballast électronique à transistor ou autre semi-conducteur est d'une certaine fragilité vu le grand nombre de composant , ce qui par ailleurs cré un volume conséquent pour un dispositif compliqué , et s'opposant au marché grand public par un coût assez élevé ; il est peu diffusé .The electronic ballast with transistor or other semiconductor is of a certain fragility considering the large number of component, which in addition creates a consequent volume for a complicated device, and opposing the general public market by a rather high cost; it is not widely distributed.
Le ballast inductif (selfique) est le plus courament employé , il est basé sur le principe des transformateurs abaisseurs , à noyau ou feuilleté , à faibles pertes . Dans tous les cas , en exploitant l'effet crête de tension provo¬Inductive (selfic) ballast is the most commonly used, it is based on the principle of lowering transformers, with core or laminated, with low losses. In all cases, by exploiting the peak voltage effect provo¬
-qué par un starter à gaz , branché en parallèle au tube (fig.15) fluorescent . La remonté de tension ( 220 à 600 volts) aux bornes de la self et du tube provoquant le claquage de la colonne de gaz . Cependant ce système présente de gros incon-vénients pour l'homme de la technique et qui sont : - dissipation de courant (effet Joule , Jusqu'à 80° C)-which is by a gas choke, connected in parallel to the fluorescent tube (fig.15). The rise in voltage (220 to 600 volts) at the terminals of the inductor and the tube causing the breakdown of the gas column. However, this system has major drawbacks for those skilled in the art and which are: - current dissipation (Joule effect, Up to 80 ° C)
- consommation de ballast (induction) de 2 à 15 Watt- ballast consumption (induction) from 2 to 15 Watt
- bruit de courant , bruit thermique- current noise, thermal noise
- parasite de certaines installations - risque de panne par défaut d'isolement, incendie thermique par court-circuit perpétuel du starter lors de la fusion filaments, pointes répétées à haut voltage- interference from certain installations - risk of failure due to insulation failure, thermal fire by perpetual short circuit of the starter during fusion of the filaments, repeated high-voltage tips
- coût d'achat élevé- high purchase cost
- coût d'installation élevé sur site - nécessité de carters de fixation,de protection et de dissimulation- high installation cost on site - need for fixing, protection and concealment housings
- aspect volumétrique (55 à 150 cm3) et pondéral (250 à 800 grammes ) excessifs- excessive volume (55 to 150 cm3) and weight (250 to 800 grams) appearance
- brochages multiples , fils et accessoires Ces ballasts n'ont pas été miniaturisés et incorporés dans les tubes qu'ils alimentaient à cause de leurs dimen-sions , et n'ont pas été adapté à des culots normalisés qui constituent une base de départ pour de tels ballasts .- multiple pinouts, wires and accessories These ballasts were not miniaturized and incorporated into the tubes which they fed because of their dimensions, and were not adapted to standardized bases which constitute a starting base for such ballasts.
Pour ce qui concerne les tubes ou ampoules miniatures fluorescentes , les formes de ceux-ci sont multiples , la plus connue étant le simple tube en U , avec électrodes aux extrémités rapprochées .As regards fluorescent miniature tubes or bulbs, there are many forms, the best known being the simple U-shaped tube, with electrodes at close ends.
Ces tubes fluorescents sont réalisés industriellement à partir de canne de verre cylindriques , brut d'étirage .These fluorescent tubes are produced industrially from cylindrical glass cane, rough drawing.
Ils sont de petit diamètre , inférieur à 14 millimètres et offrent une petite surface de dépôt à la poudre fluores-cente , alors que l'on sait que le rendement en Lumens est proportionnel à la surface émissive du tube . En outre la partie en deçà des filaments n'étant pas à mime le plasma, il s'ensuit qu'elle émet très peu de luminosité , provoquant une disharmonie dans l'éclairage émis . De même les filaments et les électrodes dont ces tubes sont munis , sont disgracieux car visibles à l'oeil-nu au travers de la poudre fluorescente, ou des points noirs et des traces de dégazage salissent et obscurcissent toute la circonférence du tube à l'aplomfc du filament . De plus, sous le choc du bombardement électronique incessant , les filaments tremblent , outre une lueur dite de Faraday (bleu ciel brillant) qui apparait dans certains tubes qui se dérèglent , tout ceci rendant cette région du tube très disgracieuse , et nuisant au développement de ce type d' éclairage, car toute source de lu-mière doit être la plus régulière possible , et ne com-porter aucune altération .They are small in diameter, less than 14 millimeters and offer a small deposit area for the fluorescent powder, while we know that the lumens yield is proportional to the emissive surface of the tube. In addition, the part below the filaments not being mimed the plasma, it follows that it emits very little light, causing disharmony in the lighting emitted. Likewise the filaments and electrodes with which these tubes are provided are unsightly because they are visible to the naked eye through fluorescent powder, or black dots and traces of degassing dirty and obscure the entire circumference of the tube on the plummet of the filament. In addition, under the shock of the incessant electronic bombardment, the filaments tremble, in addition to a so-called Faraday glow (bright sky blue) which appears in certain tubes which are out of adjustment, all this making this region of the tube very unsightly, and detrimental to the development of this type of lighting, because any source of light must be as regular as possible, and not include any alteration.
La présente invention a pour but de remédier à tous ces inconvénients par la construction d'une ampoule ou tube fluorescent à haut rendement , à ballast capacitif amélioré et miniaturisé , logé dans un culot normalisé et transformé et formant un ensemble compact .The present invention aims to remedy all these drawbacks by the construction of a high-efficiency fluorescent bulb or tube, with improved and miniaturized capacitive ballast, housed in a standardized base and transformed and forming a compact assembly.
La présente invention concerne donc un tube ou lampe à décharge , particulièrement lampe fluorescente , de forme tubulaire ovoide aplatie , genre elliptique , associé à son ballast capacitif et munie d'un culot aménagé et normalisé .The present invention therefore relates to a discharge tube or lamp, particularly a fluorescent lamp, of flattened ovoid tubular shape, elliptical type, associated with its capacitive ballast and provided with a fitted and standardized base.
Le ballast capacitif selon l'invention , avec amélio-rations notables , à pour objet de résoudre tous les inconvénients précédement cités en système d'alimentation notament pour les petits tubes, de puissance moyenne , de 1 à 20 Watt . de consommation de 0,05 à 0, 5 Ampère , quelque soit la tension alternative du réseau et sa fré-quence , mais selon l'invention :The purpose of the capacitive ballast according to the invention, with notable improvements, is to resolve all the drawbacks previously mentioned in the power supply system, in particular for small tubes, of medium power, from 1 to 20 Watt. consumption from 0.05 to 0.5 Ampere, whatever the AC voltage of the network and its frequency, but according to the invention:
6 Watt , 180 mA , 220 V , 50 HZ , ou 3 Watt , 130 ma , 115 V , 60 HZ plus ou moins cinquante pour cent . La forme la plus simple d'utilisation d'un ballast capacitif pour un tube fluorescent en est le branchement direct sur le réseau . Le ballast à l'origine est donc formé par un ou plusieurs condensateurs .6 Watt, 180 mA, 220 V, 50 HZ, or 3 Watt, 130 ma, 115 V, 60 HZ more or less fifty percent. The simplest form of using a capacitive ballast for a fluorescent tube is direct connection to the network. The ballast at the origin is therefore formed by one or more capacitors.
Selon l'invention , une particularité essentielle à ce ballast , est d'être shunté par une résistance de forte valeur et permettant de résoudre les problèmes suivants :According to the invention, a characteristic which is essential to this ballast, is that it is shunted by a resistance of high value and making it possible to solve the following problems:
- éviter toute décharge accidentelle lors de débranchement intempestif sous tension , dans l'homme ou les matériaux (écoulement de la charge résiduelle ) _ de redresser la réactance et le cosinus de l'ensemble- avoid any accidental discharge during inadvertent disconnection under voltage, in humans or materials (flow of the residual charge) _ to rectify the reactance and the cosine of the whole
(meilleur allumage et consommation) - limiter les bruits de courant et les parasites électroniques (vers le seuil de saturation) - modifier la puissance d'alimentation , selon l'invention on a pour un ballast de 2 microfarad (2 μF) les consom-mations suivantes :(better ignition and consumption) - limit current noise and electronic noise (towards the saturation threshold) - modify the power supply, according to the invention we have for a ballast of 2 microfarad (2 μF) the consumptions- following mations:
6 Kilo Ohms 170 mA6 Kilo Ohms 170 mA
100 Kilo Ohms 180 mA 1000 Kilo Ohms 190 mA la valeur de cette résistance de shunt (21) s'établit entre 5 Kilo Ohms à 1 Million de mégohms , de puissance 1 millième de Watt à 100 Watt , et selon l'invention plus particulièrement 150 Kilo Ohms , de puissance un demi Watt. Elle peut être dédoublée , et réalisé sous forme de dépôt ou autre .100 Kilo Ohms 180 mA 1000 Kilo Ohms 190 mA the value of this shunt resistor (21) is established between 5 Kilo Ohms at 1 Million megohms, of power 1 thousandth of Watt at 100 Watt, and according to the invention more particularly 150 Kilo Ohms, half a watt power. It can be split, and made in the form of a deposit or other.
Dans le cas de forte puissance à amener à la lampe ou au tube , les condensateurs (16) shunt es (21) sont montés en parallèle deux à deux ou à plusieurs combinaisons , et l'on fait le branchement successif par un semi-conducteur ou par contacts mécaniques (rotocontacteur)ou électromécanique (relais) en branchement éventuel selon un cycle défini .In the case of high power to be brought to the lamp or the tube, the shunt capacitors (16) (21) are mounted in parallel two by two or with several combinations, and the successive connection is made by a semiconductor or by mechanical contacts (rotocontactor) or electromechanical (relay) in possible connection according to a defined cycle.
Pour cette alimentation capacitive de 0, 1 à 100 μF , et selon l'invention de 2 μF plus ou moins 10 pour cent , de réactance capacitive 1592 Ohms environ , pour 220 Volts et 50 Herz d'alimentation , et d'un tube de. résistivité interne de 180 Ohms , plus ou moins vingt pour cent , on obtient une tension aux bornes de la lampe en régime de fonctionnement d'environ 25 Toits , suivant la formule: , Z = impédance de l'ensemble , puis , Ur = tension aux bornes du tube . For this capacitive supply of 0.1 to 100 μF, and according to the invention of 2 μF plus or minus 10 percent, of capacitive reactance approximately 1592 Ohms, for 220 Volts and 50 Herz of supply, and a tube of . internal resistivity of 180 Ohms, plus or minus twenty percent, a voltage is obtained at the terminals of the lamp in operating mode of approximately 25 Roofs, according to the formula:, Z = impedance of the assembly, then, Ur = voltage across the tube.
En régime de fonctionnement , la résistivité de la colonne de plasma agit en pont diviseur avec le condensateur et assure une tension à la lampe proportionnelle à l'impé-dance de l'ensemble .In operating mode, the resistivity of the plasma column acts as a divider bridge with the capacitor and provides a voltage to the lamp proportional to the impedance of the assembly.
Quelle que soit la valeur de la réactance pour un condensateur de 0, 1 à 100 μF , 2μF selon l'invention , et pour 220 Volts 50 Herz ou 3,5 μ F pour 115 Volts 60 Herz , le tube stabilise sa tension par rapport à sa consommation par rapport à une alimentation de réseau variable . une deuxième amélioration essentielle et notable à ce ballast , dont le tube en forme un des éléments constitutifs de par son équivalent électrique et son équivalent résistif , et sa construction propre à ce type de ballast , consiste en un branchement série d'une résistance de filtrage avec le tube, à une ou aux deux extrémités.Whatever the value of the reactance for a capacitor from 0.1 to 100 μF, 2 μF according to the invention, and for 220 Volts 50 Herz or 3.5 μ F for 115 Volts 60 Herz, the tube stabilizes its voltage compared to its consumption compared to a variable network supply. a second essential and notable improvement to this ballast, the tube of which forms one of the constituent elements by virtue of its electrical equivalent and its resistive equivalent, and its construction specific to this type of ballast, consists of a series connection of a filtering resistor with the tube, at one or both ends.
Cette résistance de filtrage a pour effet notamentThis filtering resistance has the following effect:
- d'améliorer le confort visuel en supprimant défini-tivement les papillotements lumineux (régularisation du flux électronique)- improve visual comfort by definitively eliminating light flickers (regularization of electronic flow)
- de diminuer le bruit en courant du ballast et du tube- to reduce the current noise of the ballast and the tube
- d'améliorer le cosinus en réduisant la consommation- improve the cosine by reducing consumption
- de régulariser l'allumage du tube- to regulate the ignition of the tube
- de rétablir à ses bornes la phase pour un allumage rapide- to restore to its terminals the phase for rapid ignition
La valeur de cette résistance de filtrage (15) de 1 millième à 10 Kilo Ohms , de puissance un millième à cent Watt , est selon l'invention de 25 Ohms 1 Watt. Ce ballast capacitif amélioré selon l'invention est remarquable en ce que sa taille (volume) et son poids sont respectivement de 20 et 40 fois inférieur aux ballasts inductifs en service , tels les modèles Schwabe L4/6/8 242 ou Philips LA M1 .The value of this filtering resistance (15) of 1 thousandth to 10 kilo ohms, of power one thousandth to one hundred watt, is according to the invention of 25 ohms 1 watt. This improved capacitive ballast according to the invention is remarkable in that its size (volume) and its weight are respectively 20 and 40 times less than the inductive ballasts in service, such as the Schwabe L4 / 6/8 242 or Philips LA M1 models.
Ce ballast amélioré est miniaturisable, la réactance capacitive ou capacitance diminuant en sens inverse de la fréquence d'alimentation qui peut aller jusqu'à 19 Mégaherz , et suivant la formule la taille , le volume , le poids et l'isolation du condensateur varie fortement .This improved ballast is miniaturizable, the capacitive reactance or capacitance decreasing in opposite direction to the supply frequency which can go up to 19 Megaherz, and according to the formula the size, volume, weight and insulation of the capacitor varies widely.
Une autre particularité de ce ballast est qu'il ne consomme pas de courant , seul quelques micro-ampères au niveau du shunt ; donc pas d' effet Joule ni risque d' incendie.Another peculiarity of this ballast is that it does not consume current, only a few micro-amps at the shunt level; therefore no Joule effect or risk of fire.
Il est du type autocicatrisant , donc sans risque de claquage et de panne , selon l'invention , du type MKH de Siemens , de forme parallélépipèdique .It is of the self-healing type, therefore without risk of breakdown and breakdown, according to the invention, of the MKH type from Siemens, of parallelepiped shape.
Dans une amélioration fonctionnelle , le condensateur sera cylindrique , se glissant dans le culot et augmentant le volume disponible (38,7) , Eigure 14 .In a functional improvement, the capacitor will be cylindrical, slipping into the base and increasing the available volume (38,7), Figure 14.
Les aspects économiques de ce ballast capacitif amélioré sont, soit pour le 115 volts ou le 220 vlots :The economic aspects of this improved capacitive ballast are, either for the 115 volts or the 220 vlots:
- économie de courant , absence de consommation spécifique , économie de 20 mA minimum soit 2 Watt par ballast , absence de consommation thermique- economy of current, absence of specific consumption, economy of 20 mA minimum or 2 Watt per ballast, absence of thermal consumption
- économie de sécurité , pas de risque d'incendie lié au survoltage , pas de risque de détérioration des circuits car il est autocicatrisant, pas de risque de perçage ni claquage avec obligation de le remplacer , durée de vie illimitée- safety economy, no risk of fire linked to overvoltage, no risk of deterioration of the circuits because it is self-healing, no risk of piercing or breakdown with obligation to replace it, unlimited service life
- économie de volume , 20 fois minimum - économie de poids , 40 fois minimum- volume saving, 20 times minimum - weight saving, 40 times minimum
- économie de coût , faible coût d'achat et de montage , pas de brides métalliques de force , de branchements divers .- cost savings, low purchase and assembly cost, no heavy metal flanges, various connections.
Seul , le condensateur introduit à ses bornes un déphasage , l'intensité I est déphasé de 90 degrés en avant par rapport à la tension , la résistivité de la colonne de plasma du tube à décharge rétablissant la remise en phase , ce qui est à l'encontre de ce que pense l'homme de la technique et le réalisateur ; le déphasage, le condensateur , le type d'allumage sans crête de tension ne pouvant assurer le démarage du tube , la réalisation de l'amorçage et l'alimentation permanente des décharges .Only, the capacitor introduces a phase shift at its terminals, the intensity I is phase shifted 90 degrees forward with respect to the voltage, the resistivity of the plasma column of the discharge tube restoring the reshaping, which is at l 'against what the technical person and the director think; the phase shift, the capacitor, the type of ignition without voltage peak not being able to ensure the starting of the tube, the realization of the priming and the permanent supply of the discharges.
Sur les grands tubes , au delà de 0,25 mètre ou il faut délivrer une pointe de tension disruptive élevée , on obvie en plaçant dans le tube une électrodes de proxi- -mitée. Cette utilisation va à l'encontre des idées reçues même pour les petites puissances inférieures à 20 Watt. Le principe de fonctionnement de ce système capacitif est différent de celui du système inductif, (figure 16). Notament en ce qui concerne le procédé d'allumage par starter Néon ou autre , (14), celui-ci ne provoque pas de pointe de tension dans le ballast , seul des court-circuits à la valeur de la tension limite d'alimentation , ce qui permet par ailleurs de prolonger la durée de vie des filaments de façon remarquable, de 5000 à 10000 heures, selon l'invention , à plus de 6000 heures , et des autres éléments de l'ensemble .On large tubes, beyond 0.25 meters where it is necessary to deliver a high disruptive voltage spike, this is obviated by placing a proximity electrode in the tube. This use goes against popular belief even for small powers below 20 Watt. The operating principle of this capacitive system is different from that of the inductive system, (Figure 16). In particular with regard to the Neon starter or other ignition process, (14), this does not cause a voltage spike in the ballast, only short circuits to the value of the supply limit voltage, which also makes it possible to remarkably extend the life of the filaments, from 5,000 to 10,000 hours, according to the invention, to more than 6,000 hours, and of the other elements of the assembly.
Le tube (1) doit comporter une colonne très conductrice vu la faible différence de potentiel aux électrodes , à l'allumage , tension secteur , ce qui conduit à un pré- -chauffage très écourté , de l'ordre de deux à trois fois plus court . Le tube s'allumant entre 1 centième et 10 secondes , selon l'invention en 0,75 seconde en moyenne.The tube (1) must include a very conductive column given the small difference in potential at the electrodes, at ignition, mains voltage, which leads to very short pre-heating, of the order of two to three times more short . The tube igniting between 1 hundredth and 10 seconds, according to the invention in 0.75 seconds on average.
Ceci est aussi obtenu en ce que les parois du tube sont recouvertes d'oxydes métalliques conductrices (40) favorisant la mutation électronique entre chaque nuage thermo-ionique lors de l'allumage , à proximité de chaque électrode , qui sont oxyde d'étain, antimoine ou titane .This is also obtained in that the walls of the tube are covered with conductive metal oxides (40) favoring the electronic mutation between each thermionic cloud during ignition, near each electrode, which are tin oxide, antimony or titanium.
Dans ce système , il n'y a donc pas de variation de courant au delà de celle débité à l'origine , et pas de variation secteur au delà de sa valeur nominale d'arrivée. il n'y a donc pas de risque d'emballement du préchau-In this system, there is therefore no variation in current beyond that originally charged, and no variation in sector beyond its nominal input value. there is therefore no risk of preheat racing
-fage , avec toutes ses conséquences connues .-fage, with all its known consequences.
La valeur de la résistance des filaments étant définie et arrêté pour un courant et une tension donné plafoné . Le starter à néon selon l'invention est d'un nouveau type, à contacts plus rapides et suivant une nouvelle construction en cylindre plat à queusot opposé au pied , lequel est remplacé par une soudure à même la paroi. Il est donc de faible volume , moins de 2 cm3, et il est antiparasite par un condensateur au tantale de 1 μF à 1 pF , selon l'invention 3,45 nanofarad . Les résistances de ballast peuvent être de tout type .The value of the resistance of the filaments being defined and stopped for a given current and voltage capped. The neon choke according to the invention is of a new type, with faster contacts and according to a new construction in a flat cylinder with a shank opposite the foot, which is replaced by a weld on the wall. It is therefore of low volume, less than 2 cm3, and it is antiparasitic by a tantalum capacitor of 1 μF to 1 pF, according to the invention 3.45 nanofarad. The ballast resistors can be of any type.
Il y a plusieurs types d'allumage , mais dans tous lescas , on utilise le ballast défini plus haut et la résistance complémentaire de filtrage à l'alimentation , et un tube de faible résistivité intérieure , de moins de 500 Ohms.There are several types of ignition, but in all cases, the ballast defined above and the additional filter resistance to the supply are used, and a tube low internal resistivity, less than 500 Ohms.
Au delà , avec pistes et systèmes conducteurs très développés .Beyond that, with highly developed tracks and conductive systems.
Ce ballast est adaptable à tous types de tube à dé-charge , il est possible d'utiliser des diodes Zener , des micro-Selfs , des redresseurs genre semi-conducteur, composants actifs ou passifs ou mixte pour l'allumage . Il peut être branché et commandé par Triac-Diac des résistances parallèles à chaque filaments. Dans le cas d'un allumage par Triac , la gâchette est monté selon plusieurs modes et quadrants avec un Diac de préférence selon l'invention , un montage relaxateur ou le courant de gâchette est remis en phase par résistance série , et ou Diac de commande . Dans cet ensemble ainsi décrit, il peut être placé série un vibrateur à court-This ballast is adaptable to all types of discharge tube, it is possible to use Zener diodes, micro-Selfs, semiconductor rectifiers, active or passive or mixed components for ignition. Resistors parallel to each filament can be connected and controlled by Triac-Diac. In the case of ignition by Triac, the trigger is mounted in several modes and quadrants with a Diac preferably according to the invention, a relaxer mounting or the trigger current is reset in phase by series resistance, and or control Diac . In this assembly thus described, a short-lived vibrator can be placed
-circuit (éclateur), et lorsque la tension de régime s'établissant auxcbornes du tube , suite à sa conduction, en dessous de 38 volts , le Diac ne conduit plus et coupe la radiation thermique des filaments série , appelé aussi préchauffage .-circuit (spark gap), and when the operating voltage is established at the terminals of the tube, following its conduction, below 38 volts, the Diac no longer conducts and cuts the thermal radiation of the series filaments, also called preheating.
Il y a aussi le branchement de cette gâchette par un réseau R.C déphaseur , de résistance de charge de 100 à 5000 Ohms, selon l'invention de 2000 Ohms environ .There is also the connection of this trigger by a phase-shifting R.C network, of load resistance from 100 to 5000 Ohms, according to the invention of about 2000 Ohms.
Dans un autre mode d'économie de consommation , il est possible de brancher un triac ou un diac série aux bornes du tube , avec une résistance de forte valeur (49) de 10 à 10 000 Ohms , selon l'invention de 2500 Ohms, de puissance 1 centième à 15 Watt , selon l'invention 4 Watt, en paral- -lèle à cet élément et d'obtenir par une diminution du cosinus réactance , une amélioration de la consommation qui pour un tube de "6 Watt" selon l'invention à chuté de 25 pour cent , en passant de 180 mA à 135 mA , figure 25.In another mode of economy of consumption, it is possible to connect a triac or a diac series to the terminals of the tube, with a high value resistance (49) of 10 to 10,000 Ohms, according to the invention of 2500 Ohms, of power 1 hundredth to 15 Watt, according to the invention 4 Watt, in parallel to this element and to obtain, by a reduction in the reactance cosine, an improvement in consumption which for a tube of "6 Watt" according to l invention dropped 25 percent from 180 mA to 135 mA, Figure 25.
Selon l'invention , dans le modèle de ballast capacitif amélioré pour secteur 115 Volts 60 périodes, une résistance parallèle comprise entre 50 et 9000 Ohms, selon l'inventionAccording to the invention, in the improved capacitive ballast model for sector 115 Volts 60 periods, a parallel resistance of between 50 and 9000 Ohms, according to the invention
500 Ohms avec piste faiblement conductive , de 0,01 ohm à 1000 Ohms , selon l'invention 20 ohms , et capacité de 3,5 microfarad , plus ou moins dix pour cent , isolé 100 volts type MKH de Siemens , est disposé avec le tube . Celui-ci est très stable , chauffe peu , inférieur à 50 degrés , la tension aux bornes de 20 à 50 volts se stabilise à 30 volts .500 Ohms with weakly conductive track, from 0.01 ohm to 1000 Ohms, according to the invention 20 ohms, and capacity of 3.5 microfarad, more or less ten percent, isolated 100 volts type MKH from Siemens, is arranged with the tube. It is very stable, heats little, less than 50 degrees, the terminal voltage from 20 to 50 volts stabilizes at 30 volts.
Selon le mode préférentiel, le starter antiparasité est branché seul en parallèle au tube ou ampoule , et l'allumage est instantané, moins de 1 seconde , grace aussi aux améliorations apportées aux électrodes , aux filaments , à la composition du gaz de remplissage , à la pression de celui-ci , aux multiples dépots conducteurs . Selon l'invention , dès que la tension aux bornes du nouveau starter descend en dessous de 80 volts environ , celui-ci ne conduit plus , le courant passant alors par la colonne en l'état de plasma (réaction en chaine).According to the preferred mode, the interference suppressor is connected alone in parallel to the tube or bulb, and the ignition is instantaneous, less than 1 second, also thanks to the improvements made to the electrodes, to the filaments, to the composition of the filling gas, to the pressure thereof, with multiple conductive deposits. According to the invention, as soon as the voltage across the terminals of the new starter drops below about 80 volts, the latter no longer conducts, the current then passing through the column in the plasma state (chain reaction).
Il y a 6 modes de réalisation préférentielle du ballast allumeur , selon l'invention , les schémas sontThere are 6 preferred embodiments of the igniter ballast, according to the invention, the diagrams are
- avec préchauffage écourté- with shortened preheating
- la figure 18 représente le ballast avec allumage par starter (14) branché en parallèle au tube- Figure 18 shows the ballast with starter ignition (14) connected in parallel to the tube
- la figure 19 représente le ballast avec allumage par Triac branché en parallèle au tube, la gâchette comportant Diac branché entre la résistance de filtrage et le tube . Le Triac étant isolé par une résistance , de façon que l'ensemble soit en phase avec le tube (48). - la figure 20 représente le ballast avec allumage par starter branché en parallèle au tube, avec piste semi-résistive faisant électrode (22) de proximité - sans pré chauffage - la figure 21 représente le ballast à allumage instantané par piste résistive faisant électrode de proximité (claquage d'un nuage thermo-ionique)- Figure 19 shows the ballast with ignition by Triac connected in parallel to the tube, the trigger comprising Diac connected between the filter resistor and the tube. The Triac being insulated by a resistor, so that the assembly is in phase with the tube (48). - Figure 20 represents the ballast with ignition by choke connected in parallel to the tube, with semi-resistive track making electrode (22) of proximity - without preheating - figure 21 represents the ballast with instantaneous ignition by resistive track making electrode of proximity (breakdown of a thermionic cloud)
- la figure 22 représente le ballast à allumage instantané à piste résistive interne et à résis- -tance parallèle externe (46).- Figure 22 shows the instant start ballast with internal resistive track and external parallel resistance (46).
- la figure 23 représente le ballast à allumage instantané avec Diac en phase entre résistance (47) avec piste semi-résistive . Le tube fluorescent selon l'invention avec ses améliorations notables , vise à remédier à tous les inconvénients précédement cités en termes de quantité et de qualité d'éclairage et de flexibilité . Le principe de construction de ce tube est l'élargissement maximum de la chambre à décharge de façon à offrir une surface optimum au dépôt de poudre fluo-rescente, et de dissimulation des ensembles émetteurs. Il est réalisé à partir d'un tube cylindrique de verre brut d'étirage, de diamètre compris entre 10 et- Figure 23 shows the instant start ballast with Diac in phase between resistance (47) with semi-resistive track. The fluorescent tube according to the invention with its significant improvements, aims to remedy all the drawbacks previously mentioned in terms of quantity and quality of lighting and flexibility. The principle of construction of this tube is the maximum widening of the discharge chamber so as to provide an optimum surface for the deposition of fluorescent powder, and for concealment of the emitter assemblies. It is produced from a cylindrical tube of raw drawing glass, with a diameter between 10 and
20 millimètres , 12 selon l'invention , et découpé en tronçons de 10 à 100 centimètres, 30 selon l'invention. Ensuite, il est monté dans les broches d'un tour ou autre machine à verre , puis fondu sur toute sa longueur moins les extrémitées de maintient (27) et soufflé dans un moule de forme ovoïde aplatie , genre elliptique (9) et longiligne , pendant cette opération de soufflage , le tube de verre s'arrêtant de tourner , ou le moule tournant à la même vitesse que lui. Dans le cas d'un diamètre brut supérieur à 12 millimètres , le moule marque un rétrécissement prononcé sur les mognons (27) à la suite du cône (25) pour ramener le diamètre de la partie de coupe-côte ( 26) à 10 millimètres environ (fig.17). A chaque extrémité, sur une longueur de 1 à 100 centimètres , 4 selon l'invention , il reste une partie cylindrique (27) qui n'est pas soufflé , et qui part en tronc de cône (25) vers la partie soufflée ovoïdale .20 millimeters, 12 according to the invention, and cut into sections from 10 to 100 centimeters, 30 according to the invention. Then, it is mounted in the spindles of a lathe or other glass machine, then melted over its entire length minus the holding ends (27) and blown into a mold of flattened ovoid shape, elliptical (9) and elongated kind, during this blowing operation, the glass tube stopping to rotate, or the mold rotating at the same speed as it. In the case of a gross diameter greater than 12 millimeters, the mold marks a pronounced narrowing on the stubs (27) following the cone (25) to reduce the diameter of the rib cutter part (26) to 10 millimeters approximately (fig. 17). At each end, over a length of 1 to 100 centimeters, 4 according to the invention, there remains a cylindrical part (27) which is not blown, and which leaves in a truncated cone (25) towards the blown ovoid part.
Le tube (1) est recuit puis les deux parties (27) cylindriques sont retaillées de 0,1 à 10 centimètres, 0,8 selon l'invention (26) de part et d'autre de chaque extrémité du tube soufflé . Il est ensuite ramoli en son milieu, puis courbé (3) en U sur un gabarit (4) et soufflé suivant l'art de la technique en conservant ses formes galbées (2), notament au niveau du U. Les deux parois en vis à vis ont un écart ement variant de 0,1 à 30 milli-The tube (1) is annealed then the two cylindrical parts (27) are cut from 0.1 to 10 centimeters, 0.8 according to the invention (26) on either side of each end of the blown tube. It is then softened in the middle, then curved (3) in a U on a template (4) and blown according to the art of the technique while retaining its curved shapes (2), notably at the level of the U. The two screw walls screws have a deviation varying from 0.1 to 30 milli-
-mètres , selon l'invention 1 à 2 millimètres.-meters, according to the invention 1 to 2 millimeters.
Après quoi , le tube est rempli de pâte fluorescente (10) puis vidé par syphonage ou transvasement , puis passé au four à arche ou fixe , tube position debout, en athmosphère contrôlée pour pyrolisation du liant de la pâte . A une température entre 300 et 600 degrés , à 450 selon l'invention et pendant trois minut es . Ensuite chaque extrémité (25,26) est soigneusement débarassée de poudre fluorescente (24), pour éliminer tous risques de micro-fuites dans les soudures .After which, the tube is filled with fluorescent paste (10) then emptied by siphonage or decanting, then placed in an arched or stationary oven, tube standing position, in a controlled atmosphere for pyrolization of the dough binder. At a temperature between 300 and 600 degrees, at 450 according to the invention and for three minutes. Then each end (25,26) is carefully rid of fluorescent powder (24), to eliminate any risk of micro-leaks in the welds.
Des pieds ultra-court (39), moins de10 millimètres, selon l'invention 5 millimètres sont préparés , et sont à collerettes ou plateau (23) , à queusot (19) et portant deux électrodes (13) chacun et leur filament (12) propre.Ultra-short feet (39), less than 10 millimeters, according to the invention 5 millimeters are prepared, and are with flanges or plate (23), with shank (19) and carrying two electrodes (13) each and their filament (12 ) clean.
Le tube en U est monté dans un mors excentré de tour ou autre machine , puis successivement les deux pieds complets sont soudés (30) chacun à une extrémité (28) cylindrique , celle-ci par sa forme garantissant une soudure rapide , solide et sans défaut . Les filaments émetteurs sont placés au début de la partie ovoïde poudré et disposé sur le plus grand axe du tube , les filaments sont parallèles entre eux (41), figure 4 . Dans une autre réalisation , il est possible de monter les pieds directement sur la partie ovoïde du tube , et que celle-ci soit brut ou non d ' étirage .The U-shaped tube is mounted in an eccentric jaw of a lathe or other machine, then successively the two complete feet are welded (30) each to a cylindrical end (28), this one by its shape guaranteeing a fast, solid and without welding default. The emitting filaments are placed at the beginning of the powdered ovoid part and placed on the longest axis of the tube, the filaments are parallel to each other (41), Figure 4. In another embodiment, it is possible to mount the feet directly on the ovoid part of the tube, and whether the latter is raw or not stretched.
Le tube en U mesure de 5 à 50 centimètres selon l'invention 12 centimètres hors culot , et une fois terminé , il peut porter un queusot (19) par pied . Il est ensuite monté sur un bâti de pompage avec introduction de mercure (29) traité d'un poids de 3 à 9 milligrammes, spécialement selon l'invention 6 milligrammes . Puis scellement de l'enceinte après pompage et remplissage de gaz rares .The U-shaped tube measures from 5 to 50 centimeters according to the invention 12 centimeters excluding the base, and once finished, it can carry one cap (19) per foot. It is then mounted on a pumping frame with introduction of mercury (29) treated with a weight of 3 to 9 milligrams, especially according to the invention 6 milligrams. Then sealing the enclosure after pumping and filling with rare gases.
Pour un fonctionnement total et correct de ces tubes, les pressions deremplissages sont différentes de celles des tubes à allumage par induction , autant que la com- -position du gaz de remplissage . Alors que pour les tubes à induction , il faille une pression de l'ordre de 1 à 2,5 millibars , pour le mode capacitif , il faille augmenter la pression pour un démarage rapide . La plage de pression requise étant de 1 à 7 millibars , selon l'invention de 4,5 millibars. Cela permet d'obtenir un claquage rapide, voir instantané de la colonne .For full and correct operation of these tubes, the filling pressures are different from those of the induction ignition tubes, as much as the composition of the filling gas. While for induction tubes, it takes a pressure of the order of 1 to 2.5 millibars, for the capacitive mode, it is necessary to increase the pressure for a quick start. The pressure range required being from 1 to 7 millibars, according to the invention of 4.5 millibars. This makes it possible to obtain a rapid breakdown, see instantaneous of the column.
Selon l'invention , le tube comporte plusieurs gaz rares fortement conducteur , associés au gaz principal, ici l'argon . Ce sont l'hélium , le krypton , le xénon, ou autre en faible quantité, et selon l'invention 1 pour cent d'hélium et 6 pour cent de krypton, le reste étant alors de l'argon . Le spectre restant toujours à 254 nanomètres. Les électrodes subissent elles aussi un traitement spécial facilitant le claquage disruptif delà colonne. Elles sont dégazées à haute température 600 degrés sous vide prolongé , puis montées sur pieds (23) ou elles subissent un dépôt électrolitique de quelques microns d'un métal précieux (or, argent, platine, etc) ne se recombinant pas avec le mercure .According to the invention, the tube comprises several highly conductive rare gases, associated with the main gas, here argon. These are helium, krypton, xenon, or the like in small quantities, and according to the invention 1 percent helium and 6 percent krypton, the remainder then being argon. The spectrum still remains at 254 nanometers. The electrodes also undergo a special treatment facilitating the disruptive breakdown of the column. They are degassed at high temperature 600 degrees under prolonged vacuum, then mounted on feet (23) or they undergo an electrolite deposit of a few microns of a precious metal (gold, silver, platinum, etc.) which does not recombine with mercury.
Selon l'invention , la résistivité des filaments a été amélioré de quelques Ohms , de 18 à 20 pour l'entretien instantané de la décharge , et une montée en température très rapide . Le mercure est soigneusement dosé pour éviter les condensations trop fortes qui empêchent le démarage du tube . Le spiralage des fila- -ments a été déconcentré de façon à offrir un volume d'émission aux oxydes alcalino-terreux plus important et accrocher davantage les électrons libres se trouvant dans l'enceinte . l'introduction d'un getter garanti la longévité des électrodes , du filament et de l'ampoule ou tube . Pour le dépôt de la piste résistive (22) dans l'enceinte à décharge , celle-ci peut être déposée avant ou après l'introduction de la pâte fluorescente , en ayant sensiblement la forme d'un U ou autre forme, trans-parente ou non , à base de graphite , alumine et silice étant destiné à assurer le meilleur allumage et en étant le moins visible possible soit déposée dans la partie de la lampe ou les parois se font face , niveau gabarit .According to the invention, the resistivity of the filaments has been improved by a few ohms, from 18 to 20 for instant maintenance of the discharge, and a very rapid rise in temperature. The mercury is carefully dosed to avoid excessive condensation which prevents the tube from starting up. The spiraling of the filaments has been deconcentrated so as to offer a greater volume of emission to the alkaline earth oxides and to hook more of the free electrons present in the enclosure. the introduction of a getter guarantees the longevity of the electrodes, the filament and the bulb or tube. For the deposition of the resistive track (22) in the discharge vessel, this can be deposited before or after the introduction of the fluorescent paste, having substantially the shape of a U or other form, transparent or not, based on graphite, alumina and silica being intended to ensure the best ignition and being as less visible as possible, be deposited in the part of the lamp where the walls face each other, template level.
Selon l'invention , le tube présente le maximum de surface émissive dans le plus grand axe A de l'ovoide, genre elliptique , celui-ci étant toujours supérieur au diamètre D d'un autre tube de section circulaire et en U , qui pourrait prendre place dans le culot ou à l'extérieur de celui-ci.According to the invention, the tube has the maximum emissive surface in the largest axis A of the ovoid, elliptical type, the latter always being greater than the diameter D of another tube of circular cross-section and in U, which could take place in the base or outside of it.
Selon l'invention , le diamètre du tube de section circulaire étant égal au petit axe B de la forme éllip¬According to the invention, the diameter of the circular section tube being equal to the minor axis B of the shape éllip¬
-tique en question , on a : - si D = B , obligatoirement pour l'invention D <A . L' ellipse ou l'ovoide peuvent être régulière ou pas mais de façon à former le plus possible une lentille d'émission optique lumineuse verticale , ceci compte tenu des contraintes de fabrication , et pour obtenir un éclairage qui soit le plus régulier possible , sur l'ensemble de la lampe ou dans un secteur proche des 360 degrés de circonférence . Le tube selon l'invention offrant un maximum de surface radiante et aux parois spécialement rapprochées , forme un diamètre externe de 24 à 26 millimètres , selon l'invention, 25 millimètres et dans tous les cas dans le prolongement (5) et le gabarit d'un culot Edison (7), ou bayonnette , ou goliath , ou autre .- tick in question, we have: - if D = B, obligatorily for the invention D <A. The ellipse or the ovoid can be regular or not but so as to form as much as possible a vertical optical light emission lens, this taking into account the manufacturing constraints, and to obtain a lighting which is as regular as possible, on the whole lamp or in an area close to 360 degrees in circumference. The tube according to the invention offering a maximum of radiant surface and with specially spaced walls, forms an external diameter of 24 to 26 millimeters, according to the invention, 25 millimeters and in all cases in the extension (5) and the template d 'an Edison base (7), or bayonet, or goliath, or other.
La forme éllipsoidale et ovoidale du tube moulé est déterminé pour ne pas dépasser le gabarit en diamètre et en circonférence du culot auquel le tube est destiné . Dans une autre forme , il peut dépasser le diamètre du culot (34) et avoir des parties tubulaires associées au ballast capacitif amélioré (42) .The ellipsoidal and ovoidal shape of the molded tube is determined so as not to exceed the gauge in diameter and in circumference of the base for which the tube is intended. In another form, it can exceed the diameter of the base (34) and have tubular parts associated with the improved capacitive ballast (42).
Les extrémitées cylindriques portant les électrodes sont totalement descendues dans le culot , ou dans la légère prolongation (6) de sa partie droite et haute , celle-ci pouvant aller jusqu'à 2 centimètres .The cylindrical ends carrying the electrodes are completely lowered into the base, or in the slight extension (6) of its straight and high part, which can go up to 2 centimeters.
Ces extrémités sont descendues de 1, 5 centimètre de façon à ce que les filaments et leurs troubles de fonc-tionnement soient totalement masqués à l'utilisateur , par la jupe métallique que forme (6) le haut du pas de vis Edison , ceci pour éliminer les problèmes multiples évoqués plus haut . Selon l'invention , le bas des branches du tube en U joignent parfaitement (8) la paroi lisse du culot , et n'en dépassent pas le diamètre. Dans une autre forme de l'invention , les parties ovoides peuvent être remplacées par des parties tubulaires quelconques (42) déplus de 12 millimètre de diamètre , le gabarit extérieur de l'ensemble pouvant(34) alors dépasser le diamètre du culot de plusieurs centi-These ends are lowered by 1.5 cm so that the filaments and their functional disorders are completely hidden from the user, by the metallic skirt formed (6) at the top of the Edison screw thread, this for to eliminate the multiple problems mentioned above. According to the invention, the bottom of the branches of the U-shaped tube perfectly join (8) the smooth wall of the base, and do not exceed its diameter. In another form of the invention, the ovoid parts can be replaced by any tubular parts (42) larger than 12 millimeters in diameter, the external gauge of the assembly being able (34) then to exceed the diameter of the base by several hundred -
-mètres , figure 9 .meters, Figure 9.
Dans une troisième réalisation , il est possible d'utiliser du tube plat (43), à deux faces plates , suivant figure 27. Le haut de la partie courbé peut être en U ou en carré (28) , figure 28.In a third embodiment, it is possible to use flat tube (43), with two flat faces, according to FIG. 27. The top of the curved part can be U-shaped or square (28), FIG. 28.
Selon l'invention , laforme ovoidale et ellipsoïdale permet de multiplier la surface radiante au minimum par 1,52 par rapport à un tube cylindrique classique, et répond au rendement envisagé supérieur à 400 Lumens pour une consommation totale de 6 Watt , y compris le ballast , (figure 29) .According to the invention, the ovoid and ellipsoidal shape makes it possible to multiply the radiant surface at least by 1.52 compared to a conventional cylindrical tube, and responds to the envisaged output greater than 400 Lumens for a total consumption of 6 Watt, including the ballast , (figure 29).
Selon une autre forme de l'invention , dans une autre réalisation , il est possible , dans l'optique économique ou le tube est devenu inutilisable , il est souhaitable de pouvoir le remplacer sans jetter le système d'allumage qui fonctionne toujours , ou vis versa .According to another form of the invention, in another embodiment, it is possible, from the economic point of view or the tube has become unusable, it is desirable to be able to replace it without throwing away the ignition system which is still operating, or screws vice versa.
A cet effet , le tube est réalisé sous une forme amovible (31 ) sa partie base comportant un dé en matière plastique par exemple , de forme carrée ou circulaire , et comportant les contacts électriques , deux ou quatres, et venant s'emboiter dans le système de fixation prévuTo this end, the tube is produced in a removable form (31), its base part comprising a plastic die for example, of square or circular shape, and comprising the electrical contacts, two or four, and coming to fit in the fastening system provided
(32) à cet effet .(32) for this purpose.
Le principe de ce tube à décharge est extrapolable à d'autres systèmes de tubes et aux alimentations à courant continu .The principle of this discharge tube can be extended to other tube systems and to DC power supplies.
Ce tube fluorescent à haut rendement , à ballast capacitif amélioré consomme moins que le même tube à ballast inductif , à luminescence égale . Il a un coût plus faible du fait de ses composants et de sa conception technique , dans un rapport de 1 à 5 .This high efficiency fluorescent tube, with improved capacitive ballast consumes less than the same inductive ballast tube, with equal luminescence. It has a lower cost due to its components and its technical design, in a ratio of 1 to 5.
La combinaison nouvelle d'un ballast capacitif amélioré d'un tube ovoidal en II à grande surface de luminence et l'ensemble monté dans un culot normalisé abouti à un effet technique nouveau qui est un fonctionnement sur secteur. Le culot normalisé selon l'invention avec ses améliorations notables va servir de support au montage de l'ensemble de l'invention .The new combination of an improved capacitive ballast of an ovoidal II tube with a large luminous surface and the assembly mounted in a standardized base has resulted in a new technical effect which is operation on the mains. The standard base according to the invention with its significant improvements will serve as support for mounting the assembly of the invention.
Si le fait de mettre un ballast dans un culot est connu il n'en est pas moins vrai que tous les tubes et lampes à l'heure actuelle sont totalement dépourvus de tout système majoritaire à douille , pour des problèmes d'alimentation et de réglage évoqués plus haut . Le choix d'un culot normalisé , spécialement selon l'invention , un culot Edison , et l'adaptation d'un ballast miniaturisé à ce culot , permet de résoudre définitivement le problème de l'interchangeabilité des modes d'éclairage et amène une souplesse dans l'utili- -sation des sources d'éclairage . Selon l'invention , un culot normalisé transformé (33) modifié (37), du type Edison répond à ces préocupations.If the fact of putting a ballast in a base is known it is not the less true that all the tubes and lamps at the present time are completely deprived of any majority system with lamp holder, for problems of feeding and adjustment mentioned above. The choice of a standardized base, especially according to the invention, an Edison base, and the adaptation of a miniaturized ballast to this base, makes it possible to definitively solve the problem of the interchangeability of the lighting modes and brings flexibility in the use of light sources. According to the invention, a modified standardized base (33) modified (37), of the Edison type meets these concerns.
Le ballast d'alimentation est déposé dans le fond même du culot , fil de phase dans le contact (11) central. Ces condensateurs qui du fait qu'ils sont parallélé- -pipédiques occasionnent une perte de volume de 70 pour cent minimum , peuvent être cylindrique et du diamètre libre du culot ce qui accroit à capacité équivalente le gain de place de 75 pour cent à disposition des autres composants . Ce ou ces condensateurs qui n'ont pas d'effet thermique mais sont sensibles à la chaleur sont séparé par un disque isolant (17) des autres composants qui peuvent chauffer , outre les ensembles émetteurs (12,13).The supply ballast is deposited in the very bottom of the base, phase wire in the central contact (11). These capacitors which, because they are parallel-piped cause a volume loss of at least 70 percent, can be cylindrical and of the free diameter of the base, which increases the equivalent space saving by 75 percent at the disposal of other components. This or these capacitors which have no thermal effect but are sensitive to heat are separated by an insulating disc (17) from the other components which can heat, in addition to the emitter assemblies (12,13).
Ceux-ci travaillent dans une plage de température de 50 à 55 degrés sans risque pour le culot et ses compo- -sant , d'autant que le tube est largement refroidi de par sa surface d'émission très développée.These work in a temperature range of 50 to 55 degrees without risk for the base and its components, especially since the tube is largely cooled by its highly developed emission surface.
Ces condensateurs sont noyés dans la résine , au dessus étant placé le starter néon antiparasite , ou autre mode d'allumage et les raccordements électriques . Ils sont réalisés par bride de/pincement . Les fils sont soigneu-These capacitors are embedded in the resin, above which is placed the neon suppressor, or other ignition mode and the electrical connections. They are made by clamping / pinching. The sons are careful
-sement connectés les uns aux autres , puis isolés . Tous les composants sont placés dans le culot , le tube est descendu mis dans l'axe (5,20) et collé par de la litarge ou autre matériau .-connected to each other, then isolated. All the components are placed in the base, the tube is lowered, put in the axis (5.20) and glued by litarge or other material.
Selon l'invention dans le système compact , le haut du culot (33) est allongé de 0,1 à 10 centimètre , 1,5 selon l'invention , de façon que les parties ovoides soient bien prises dans le culot , après disposition du tube , la litarge de scellement est déposée dans le haut du culot entre la paroi, les tubes de verre , et les composants .According to the invention in the compact system, the top of the base (33) is lengthened by 0.1 to 10 cm, 1.5 according to the invention, so that the ovoid parts are well taken in the base, after arrangement of the tube, the sealing litarge is deposited in the top of the base between the wall, the glass tubes, and the components.
Puis les deux rabats métalliques de forme semi-ovoidale sont repliés et maintenus par rivet ou autre système. Ces deux rabats cachent donc tout l'intérieur du culot-Then the two metal flaps of semi-ovoid shape are folded and held by rivet or other system. These two flaps therefore hide the entire interior of the base.
-ballast . Dans une autre réalisation du culot , un disque embouti et ajouré à la forme vient se prendre dans le haut du culot . Le culot peut aussi être préparé à l'envers et se fermer au niveau d'une grande découpe du contact (11) de fin de culot .-ballast. In another embodiment of the base, a stamped disc and perforated to the shape is taken at the top of the base. The base can also be prepared upside down and close at the level of a large cutout in the contact (11) at the end of the base.
Toutes ces parties amovibles de fermeture peuvent être soudées , vissées , collées , rivetés , cerclées , ou tout autre moyen non limitatif . Les parties métalliques rabattues au niveau de la fermeture des ovoides sont légèrement bombées (35).All these removable closure parts can be welded, screwed, glued, riveted, strapped, or any other non-limiting means. The metal parts folded down at the level of the closure of the ovoids are slightly curved (35).
Dans tous les cas , les électrodes et la partie du tube fluorescent ou elles sont devinableε et leur branchement sont masqués totalement selon l'invention sur 12 milli- -mètres sans que cette distance soit immuable , par la Jupe droite du culot , ou jupe évasé d'un autre culot, spécialement réalisé pour recevoir un tube de diamètre supérieur . Le haut du culot est rabattu suivant découpe spéciale , ovoide , les deux rabats semi ovoide étant poussés vers l'intérieur du tube ou les parois se font face .In all cases, the electrodes and the part of the fluorescent tube where they can be guessed and their connection are completely masked according to the invention over 12 millimeters without this distance being immutable, by the right skirt of the base, or flared skirt another base, specially made to receive a tube of greater diameter. The top of the base is folded down according to a special, ovoid cut, the two semi-ovoid flaps being pushed towards the inside of the tube or the walls face each other.
Dans le cas d'une ampoule miniature ou la section de collage est circulaire , comme pour les ampoules à incandescence , les alvéoles sont supprimées. Seul le haut du culot est rallongé de 3 à 10 millimètres , 6 selon une adaptation , et évasé entre 1 et 3 millimètres.In the case of a miniature bulb where the bonding section is circular, as for incandescent bulbs, the cells are eliminated. Only the top of the base is lengthened by 3 to 10 millimeters, 6 according to an adaptation, and flared between 1 and 3 millimeters.
En aucun cas , la vitrite n'est employé pour la ferme- -ture du culot coté contact central (11).In any case, vitrite is not used to close the cap on the central contact side (11).
Selon l'invention , les condensateurs et le ballast entier peuvent être positionnés autour d'un queusot Dans une autre forme , toujours selon l'invention , le culot contenant le ballast complet est légèrement (36) modifié pour recevoir le tube sous une forme amovible. Un système d'agrafe, de pression, de bride tournante, de bague à pas de vis maintient l'ensemble solidaire . Le culot peut comporter dans sa partie supérieure une bague coulissante (32) (33) isolante de 15 millimètres de hauteur de façon à permettre à l'utilisateur de changer le tube sans défaire le culot de sa douille et de s'éléc- -trocuter lors d'un remplacement sous tension . les tubes selon l'invention se faisant en toutes puissances et luminances .According to the invention, the capacitors and the entire ballast can be positioned around a rod In another form, still according to the invention, the base containing the complete ballast is slightly (36) modified to receive the tube in a removable form. A system of clip, pressure, rotating flange, screw thread ring keeps the whole together. The base may include in its upper part a sliding ring (32) (33) insulating 15 millimeters in height so as to allow the user to change the tube without removing the base from its socket and elec- -trocuter during a live replacement. the tubes according to the invention being made in all powers and luminances.
En conséquence , le bas de ce tube ou ampoule fluores- -cente est aménagé et noyé dans un dé en plastique qui peut aussi être de forme circulaire , en gardant seulement 2 contacts électriques externes et dissimulés pour la mise en place du branchement électrique . Ce dé est positionné sur le culot puis maintenu par vissage ou différents systèmes fermes. Ce type de branchement d'enceinte sur culot à ballast capacitif est extrapolable à d'autres types d'ampoules fluorescentes ou lampes à décharge , ou autre lampe et matériel électrique .Consequently, the bottom of this fluorescent-tube or bulb is arranged and embedded in a plastic die which can also be circular, keeping only 2 external electrical contacts and concealed for the establishment of the electrical connection. This die is positioned on the base then held by screwing or different firm systems. This type of speaker connection on a capacitive ballast base can be extended to other types of fluorescent bulbs or discharge lamps, or other lamp and electrical equipment.
Le deuxième fil d'alimentation électrique est tiré au travers du haut du culot lors du collage de la litarge puis soudé sur la paroi du culot (18) et coupé .The second electrical supply wire is drawn through the top of the base when gluing the litarge then welded to the wall of the base (18) and cut.
Cette fonction et cet objet du culot est extrapolable en toutes dimensions et fonctions . This function and this object of the base is extrapolable in all dimensions and functions.

Claims

R EV E N D I C A T I O N SR EV E N D I C A T I O N S
1) Tube fluorescent (1) dans lequel les ensembles émetteurs du tube (12,13) sont dissimulés (6,36), formant bloc compact avec une alimentation dans le culot (7), caractérisé en ce que cette alimentation est une capacité shunté (16) par une résistance de forte valeur (21)1) Fluorescent tube (1) in which the emitter assemblies of the tube (12,13) are concealed (6,36), forming a compact block with a supply in the base (7), characterized in that this supply is a shunted capacity (16) by a high value resistance (21)
2) tube selon revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que la capacité shunté est montée en série, ou présente une résistance de filtrage (15) et de régularisation placé aux bornes du tube2) tube according to claim 1, characterized in that the shunted capacitor is connected in series, or has a filtering resistance (15) and a regulation resistance placed at the terminals of the tube
3) tube selon revendication 1,2, constitué par un allumage starter néon (14) ou semi-conduc- -teur, Diac ou Triac , ou instantané (22) caractérisé en ce qu'il est utilisable sous toutes tensions alternatives3) tube according to claim 1,2, constituted by a neon starter ignition (14) or semi-conductor, Diac or Triac, or instantaneous (22) characterized in that it can be used under all alternating voltages
4) tube fluorescent selon revendication 3 , caractérisé en ce que tous les éméments techniques , le tube, le culot, sont maintenus ensemble par liant de collage4) fluorescent tube according to claim 3, characterized in that all the technical elements, the tube, the base, are held together by bonding binder
5) tube fluorescent selon l'une quelconque des revendications caractérisé en ce que la valeur du shunt s'étgnd de 5 Kilo - - Ohms à 1 million de mégohms er la résistance de filtrage de 0,1 Ohm à 10 Kilo-Ohms5) fluorescent tube according to any one of the claims characterized in that the value of the shunt extends from 5 Kilo - - Ohms to 1 million megohms and the filtering resistance from 0.1 Ohm to 10 Kilo-Ohms
6) tube fluorescent selon revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que les filaments sont disposés au début du corps à décharge , sur le plus grand axe et qu'ils sont parallèles entre-eux (41)6) fluorescent tube according to claim 1, characterized in that the filaments are arranged at the start of the discharge body, on the longest axis and that they are mutually parallel (41)
7) tube fluorescent selon l'une quelconque des revendication précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le tube est rendu amovible par rapport (31) au culot au moyen d'un socle de fixation à 2 ou 4 contacts (32)7) fluorescent tube according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tube is made removable with respect (31) to the base by means of a fixing base with 2 or 4 contacts (32)
8) tube fluorescente selon revendication 5 , caractérisé en ce que le système du dé formant socle détachable est à différents modes de fermetureo8) fluorescent tube according to claim 5, characterized in that the system of the detachable base die is in different modes of closing.
9) tube selon revendication 8 , caractérisé en ce que le bas du tube ou se trouvent les électrodes est noyé dans un dé de plastique isolant à contacts d'alimentation électrique 10) tube fluorescent selon l'une quelconque des revendi- -cations , caractérisé en ce que le culot est un culot normalisé et modifié avec partie supérieure (33) isolante pour permettre le changement du tube sous tension , sans risque d'électrocution pour l'utilisateur9) tube according to claim 8, characterized in that the bottom of the tube where the electrodes are located is embedded in an insulating plastic die with electrical supply contacts 10) fluorescent tube according to any one of the claims, characterized in that the base is a standardized and modified base with insulating upper part (33) to allow the tube to be changed under tension, without risk of electric shock for the 'user
11) tube fluorescent en U de section ovoide , selon l'une quelconque des revendications , caractérisé en ce que la section de surface radiante (9) est supérieure à celle d'un tube à parois cylindriques en U dont le corps à décharge ne devrait pas dépasser le diamètre du culot (7). 11) U-shaped fluorescent tube of ovoid section, according to any one of claims, characterized in that the radiant surface section (9) is greater than that of a tube with cylindrical U-shaped walls whose discharge body should not not exceed the diameter of the base (7).
EP87907670A 1986-11-13 1987-11-10 Fluorescent discharge tube with capacitive ballast, standardized cap, forming a compact assembly Withdrawn EP0334865A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8615760 1986-11-13
FR8615760A FR2606932B1 (en) 1986-11-13 1986-11-13 FLUORESCENT DISCHARGE TUBE, CAPACITIVE BALLAST, STANDARDIZED BELL, FORMING COMPACT ASSEMBLY

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EP0334865A1 true EP0334865A1 (en) 1989-10-04

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87907670A Withdrawn EP0334865A1 (en) 1986-11-13 1987-11-10 Fluorescent discharge tube with capacitive ballast, standardized cap, forming a compact assembly

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0334865A1 (en)
KR (1) KR910007836B1 (en)
AU (1) AU8323487A (en)
FR (1) FR2606932B1 (en)
WO (1) WO1988003702A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2632774B1 (en) * 1988-06-13 1990-10-05 Muessli Daniel DISCHARGE LAMP COMPRISING A STANDARD BASE

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL7610451A (en) * 1976-09-21 1978-03-23 Philips Nv DISCHARGE LAMP.
US4173730A (en) * 1978-07-11 1979-11-06 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Compact fluorescent lamp unit having integral circuit means for DC operation
US4495443A (en) * 1984-01-27 1985-01-22 Cummings John H Compact fluorescent lamp combination, and method of making it

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO8803702A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2606932A1 (en) 1988-05-20
AU8323487A (en) 1988-06-01
KR890700262A (en) 1989-03-10
FR2606932B1 (en) 1989-03-10
KR910007836B1 (en) 1991-10-02
WO1988003702A1 (en) 1988-05-19

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