FR2606932A1 - FLUORESCENT DISCHARGE TUBE, CAPACITIVE BALLAST, STANDARDIZED BELL, FORMING COMPACT ASSEMBLY - Google Patents

Abstract

High efficiency fluorescent tube (1) provided with a miniature capacitive supply ballast (14, 15, 16, 21) housed into a standardized (7) and modified (37) cap, forming a compact assembly making possible the direct connection to the mains. Tube or lamp comprised of an ovoid and elliptic, U-bent discharge housing (9) and with the same diameter as the cap (7, 37). The emitter assemblies (12, 13) are lowered into the cap and masked by the cap thereby providing a very appreciable visual comfort. The cap which is modified in its upper part in order to receive and maintain the tube contains within its body the capacitive supply ballast, the starter and the various components. The sealing of the assembly by gluing (8) contributes to the making of a compact tube or bulb. The tube or bulb according to the invention is particularly intended to be connected to the mains.

Description

Fluorescent discharge tube, with capacitive ballast
with standard base, forming a compact unit
The present invention relates to a discharge lamp or bulb, according to the invention a U-shaped fluorescent tube mounted on a standardized base, which is transformed in its upper part, according to the invention, an Edison base
This base contains a capacitive supply ballast built under new schemes, and ensuring the direct and safe connection of the bulb or tube to a standardized socket of the alternative sector.
The feeding of fluorescent tubes or bulbs
having to be stabilized between 20 and 60 volts and 0.1 and 0.5 ampere maximum, not being able to be ensured by the sector, with the current and the voltage too high, it is called in lowering ballasts which are of three types
They are either
- resisted
- electronic
- inductive
The resistive ballast is only used for demonstration or troubleshooting, given its enormous current consumption, its dangerous thermal effects leading to necessary insulation and size.

The electronic ballast with transistor or other semiconductor is of a certain fragility considering the large number of component, which moreover creates a consequent volume for a complicated device, and opposing the general public market by a rather high cost; it is not widely distributed
Inductive (selfic) ballast is the most commonly used, it is based on the principle of lowering transformers, with core or laminated, with low losses. In all cases, by using the peak voltage effect caused by a gas starter, connected in parallel to the fluorescent tube (fig. 15). The rise in voltage (220 to 600 volts) at the terminals of the inductor and the tube causing the breakdown of the gas column. However, this system has major inconveniences for the holm of the device and which are - current dissipation (Joule effect, up to 800 C) - ballast consumption (induction) from 2 to 15 Watt - current noise, thermal noise - noise from certain installations - risk of failure due to insulation fault, fire thermal
by perpetual short circuit of the starter during the merger
filaments, high voltage repeated tips - high purchase cost - high installation cost on site - need for fixing, protection and
concealment - volumetric (55 to 150 cm3) and weighted (250 to
800 grams) excessive - multiple pinouts, wires and accessories
These ballasts were not miniaturized and incorporated in the tubes which they fed because of their dimensions, and were not adapted to standardized bases which constitute a starting base for such ballasts
As regards fluorescent miniature tubes or bulbs, there are many forms, the best known being the simple U-shaped tube, with electrodes at close ends
These fluorescent tubes are produced industrially from cylindrical glass cane, rough drawing
They are small in diameter, less than 14 millimeters and offer a small deposit area for the fluorescent powder, while we know that the lumens yield is proportional to the emissive surface of the tube.
In addition, the part below the filaments not being out of the plasma, it follows that it emits very little light, causing disharmony in the lighting emitted. Likewise the filaments and electrodes with which these tubes are provided are unsightly because they are visible to the naked eye through fluorescent powder, where black dots and traces of degassing dirty and obscure the entire circumference of the tube. plumb of the filament
In addition, under the shock of incessant electronic bombardment, the filaments tremble, in addition to a so-called Faraday glow (bright sky blue) which appears in certain tubes which are out of adjustment, all this making this region of the tube very unsightly, and detrimental to development - pement of this type of lighting, because any source of light must be as regular as possible, and not include any alteration
the present invention aims to remedy all these drawbacks by the construction of a high-efficiency fluorescent bulb or tube, with improved and miniaturized capacitive ballast, housed in a standardized base and transformed and forming a compact assembly.
The present invention therefore relates to a discharge tube or lamp, particularly a fluorescent lamp, of flattened ovoid tubular shape, of the elliptical type associated with its capacitive ballast and provided with a fitted and standardized base.
The purpose of the capacitive ballast according to the invention, with notable improvements, is to resolve all the drawbacks previously mentioned in the supply system, in particular for small tubes, of medium power, from 1 to 20 Watt, consumption of .05 at 0.5 amps whatever the alternating voltage of the network and its frequency, but according to the invention
6 Watt, 180 TL &, 220 ï, 50 EZ, or
3 watt, 1 30 mw, 115 V, 60 HZ
plus or minus fifty percent
The most common form of using a capacitive ballast for a fluorescent tube is direct connection to the network. The ballast originally is therefore formed by one or more capacitors
According to the invention, an essential characteristic of this ballast is that it is shunted by a resistance of high value and making it possible to solve the following problems.
- avoid accidental discharge during disconnection
untimely energized, in humans or materials
(flow of residual charge
- to rectify the reactance and the cosine of the whole
(better ignition and consumption)
- limit current noise and noise
electronic (towards saturation threshold)
- modify the power supply, according to the invention
we have for a ballast of 2 microfarad (2 uF) the consumption
- following stations
6 Kilo Ohms 170 mA
100 Kilo Ohms 180 mA
1000 Kilo Ohms 190 mA
the value of this shunt resistor (21) is established between 5 Kilo Ohms at 1 Million megohms, of power 1 thousandth of Watt at 100 Watt, and according to the invention more particularly 150 Kilo Ohms, of power half a Watt.

It can be split, and made in the form of a deposit or other
In the case of high power to be brought to the lamp or to the tube, the shunted capacitors (16) (21) are mounted in parallel two by two or with several combinations, and the successive connection is made by a semiconductor or by mechanical contacts (rotocontactor) or electromechanical (relay) in possible connection according to a defined cycle
For this capacitive supply of C, 1 to 100 F, and according to the invention of 2 pF plus or minus 10 percent, of capacitive reactance approximately 1592 Ohms, for 220 Volts and 50 Herz of supply, and a tube of internal resistivity of 180 Ohms, plus or minus twenty percent, a voltage is obtained at the terminals of the lamp in operating mode of approximately 25 Volts, according to the formula:

Z = impedance of the set, then
Urg = U. I, Ur = voltage across tube z
In operating mode, the resistivity of the plasma column acts as a divider bridge with the capacitor and provides a voltage to the lamp proportional to the irreparability of the assembly.
Whatever the value of the reactance or capacitor of G, 1 to 100 F, 2uF according to the invention, and for 220 Volts 50 Hertz or 3.5 UF for 115 Volts 60 Ferez, the tube stabilizes its voltage with respect to its consumption compared to a variable network supply
A second essential and notable improvement to this ballast, the tube of which forms one of the constituent elements by virtue of its electrical equivalent and its resistive equivalent, and its construction specific to this type of ballast, consists in a series connection of a filtering resistor. with the tube, at one or both ends.

This filtering resistance has the following effect:
- improve visual comfort by removing defined
- really the flickering lights (regularization
electronic flow)
- to reduce the current noise of the ballast and the tube
- improve the cosine by reducing consumption
- to regulate the ignition of the tube
- to restore to its terminals the phase for ignition
fast
The value of this filtering resistance (t5) of I thousandth to 10 Kilo Ohms, of power in thousandths to one hundred Watt, is according to the invention of 25 Ohms 1 Watt.

This improved capacitive ballast according to the invention is remarkable in that its size (volume) and its weight are respectively 20 and 40 times less than the inductive ballasts in service, such as the schwabe models 14/6/8 242 or Philips 1 & NI
This improved ballast is miniaturizable, the capacitive reactance or capacitance decreasing in opposite direction to the supply frequency which can go up to 19 megaherz, and according to the formula
Xc = 1
1. 2wf the size, volume, weight and insulation of the capacitor varies widely
Another peculiarity of this ballast is that it does not console current, only a few micro-apers5 at the level of the shunt; therefore no Joule effect or risk of fire.

It is of the self-healing type, therefore without risk of breakdown and breakdown, according to the invention, of the H type from Siemens, of parallelepiped shape.
In a functional improvement, the capacitor will be cylindrical, slipping into the base and increasing the available volume (38,7), Figure 14
The economic aspects of this improved capacitive ballast are either for the 115 volts or the 220 vlots
- current saving, no specific consumption
-fique, saving of 20 mA minimum or 2 Watt per
ballast, no thermal consumption
- safety economy, no fire risk associated
over-voltage, no risk of deterioration of
circuits because it is self-healing, no risk of
drilling or breakdown with obligation to replace it
unlimited life
- volume saving, 20 times minimum
- weight saving, 40 times minimum
- cost savings, low cost of purchase and assembly
no metal clamps of force, connections
various
Only, the capacitor introduces a phase shift at its terminals, the intensity I is phase shifted it it degrees forward with respect to the voltage, the resistivity of the plasma column of the discharge tube restoring the reshaping, which is at l 'against what the technical person and the director think; the phase shift, the capacitor, the type of ignition without voltage peak not being able to ensure the starting of the tube, the realization of the priming and the permanent supply of the discharges
On large tubes, beyond G, 25 meters where it is necessary to deliver a high disruptive voltage spike, this is obviated by placing in the tube a proximity electrode. This use goes against received ideas
even for small powers below 2C Watt.

 The operating principle of this capacitive system is different from that of the inductive system, (Figure 16).

In particular with regard to the Neon starter or other ignition process, (14), this does not cause a voltage spike in the ballast, only short circuits to the value of the supply limit voltage, which also makes it possible to extend the life of the filaments remarkably, from 5,000 to 10,000 hours, according to the invention, to more than 6,000 hours, and of the other elements of the assembly.
The tube (1) must include a very conductive column given the small potential difference at the electrodes, at ignition, mains voltage, which leads to a very short pre-heating, of the order of two to three times shorter . The tube igniting between 1 hundredth and 10 seconds, according to the invention in 0.75 seconds on average.

This is also obtained in that the walls of the tube are covered with conductive metal oxides (40) promoting electronic mutation between each thermionic cloud during ignition, near each electrode, which are tin oxide, antimony or titanium
In this system, there is therefore no variation in current beyond that originally charged, and no variation in sector beyond its nominal input value.

there is therefore no risk of runaway pre-heating, with all its known consequences
The value of the resistance of the filaments being defined and stopped for a given current and a voltage capped
The neon choke according to the invention is of a new type, with faster contacts and according to a new construction in a flat cylinder with a shank opposite the foot which is replaced by a weld on the wall. It is therefore of low volume, less than 2 cm3, and it is suppressed by a tantalum capacitor of 1, uF to 1 pF, according to the invention 3.45 nanofarad. The ballast resistors can be of any type
there are several types of ignition, but in all cases, the ballast defined plus na-ut and the additional filtering resistance to the supply are used, and a tube with low internal resistivity, of less than 500 Ohms.

Beyond, with very developed tracks and conductive systems
This ballast is adaptable to all types of discharge tube, it is possible to use Zener diodes of micro-Selfs, semiconductor type rectifiers, active or passive or mixed components for ignition
it can be connected and controlled by Triac-i) iac resistors parallel to each filament.

In the case of ignition by Triac, the trigger is mounted in several modes and quadrants with a Diac preferably according to the invention, a relaxer mounting or the trigger current is reset in phase by series resistance, and or control Diac @In this assembly thus described, a short-circuit vibrator (spark gap) can be placed in series, and when the operating voltage is established at the terminals of the tube, following its conductioL, below 38 volts, the Diac no longer conducts and cuts thermal radiation from series filaments, also called preheating
there is also the connection- of this trigger by a phase-shifting RC network, of load resistance from 100 to 5000 Ohms, according to the invention of about 2000 Ohms
In another mode of saving consumption, it is possible to connect ur, triac or a serial diac to the terminals of the tube, with a high value resistor (49) of 10 to 10,000 Ohms, according to the invention of 2500 Ohms ,. of power 1 hundredth to 15 Watt, according to the invention 4 Watt, in parallel to this element and to obtain, by a reduction in the reactance cosine, an improvement in consumption which for a tube of "6 Watt" according to the invention dropped 25 percent from 180 mA to 135 mA, Figure 25.

According to the invention, in the improved capacitive ballast model for sector 115 Volts 6C periods, a parallel resistance between 50 and 9000 Ohms according to the invention SOC Ohms with weakly conductive track, from G, G1 ohm to 1000 Ohms, according to l invention 2G ohms, and capacity of 3.5 microfarad, more or less ten percent, isolated 100 volts type MKH from Siemens, is arranged with the tube
It is very stable, heats little, less than 50 degrees, the terminal voltage from 20 to 50 volts stabilizes at 30 volts
According to the preferred mode, the interference suppressor is connected alone in parallel to the tube or bulb, and the ignition is instantaneous, less than 1 second, also thanks to the improvements made to the electrodes, to the filaments, to the composition of the filling gas> to the pressure thereof, with multiple conductive deposits
According to the invention, as soon as the voltage across the terminals of the new starter drops below about 80 volts, it no longer conducts, the current then passing through the column in the plasma state (chain reaction).

there are 6 preferred embodiments of the igniter ballast, according to the invention, the diagrams are - with shortened preheating
- Figure 19 shows the ballast with ignition
by choke (14) connected in parallel to the tube
- Figure 20 shows the ballast with ignition
by Triac connected in parallel to the tube, the trigger
with Diac connected between the resistor
filtering and tube. I Triac being isolated by
a resistance, so that the whole is in
phase with the tube (48).

- Figure 21 shows the ballast with ignition
by choke connected in parallel to the tube, with
semi-resistive track making electrode (22) of
proximity - without preheating
- Figure 22 shows the ignition ballast
snapshot by resistive track making electrode
proximity (breakdown of a thermionic cloud)
- Figure 23 shows the ignition ballast
snapshot with internal resistive track and resis
- external parallel power (4).

- Figure 24 shows the ignition ballast
instantaneous with Diac in the middle between resistance (47)
with semi-resistive track
The fluorescent tube according to the invention, with its notable improvements, aims to remedy all the drawbacks previously mentioned in terms of quantity and quality of lighting and flexibility.

 The principle of construction of this tube is the maximum enlargement of the discharge chamber so as to provide an optimum surface for the deposition of fluorescent powder, and for concealment of the emitter assemblies.

 It is produced from a cylindrical tube of raw drawing glass, of diameter between 10 and 20 millimeters, 12 according to the invention, and cut into sections of 10 to 100 centimeters, 30 according to the invention.

 Then, it is mounted in the spindles of a lathe or other glass machine, then melted over its entire length minus the holding ends (27) and blown in a flat ovoid mold, elliptical (9) and elongated, during this blowing operation, the glass tube stops rotating, or the mold rotating at the same speed as it. In the case of a gross diameter greater than 12 millimeters, the mold marks a pronounced narrowing on the stubs (27) following the cone (25) to reduce the diameter of the rib cutter part 26) to approximately 10 millimeters (fig.17).

At each end, over a length of 1 to 100 centimeters, 4 according to the invention, there remains a cylindrical part (27) which is not blown, and which leaves in a truncated cone (25) towards the blown ovoid part
The tube (1) is annealed then the two cylindrical parts (27) are cut from 0.1 to 10 centimeters, 0.8 according to the invention (26) on either side of each end of the blown tube. it is then softened in the middle, then curved (3) in a U on a template (4) and blown according to the art of the technique while retaining its curved forms (2), notably at the level of the U. The two screw walls with screws have a spacing varying from G, t to 30 millimeters, according to the invention 1 to 2 millimeters.

After which, the tube is filled with fluorescent pite (10) then emptied by siphonage or decanting, then passed to the arch or fixed oven, tube standing position, in a controlled atmosphere for pyrolization of the dough binder. At a temperature between 300 and 600 degrees, at 450 according to the invention and for three minutes
Then each end (25,26) is carefully rid of fluorescent powder (24), to eliminate any risk of micro-leaks in the welds
Ultra-short feet (39), less detO millimeters, according to the invention 5 millimeters are prepared, and are with flanges or plate (23), with shank (19) and carrying two electrodes (13) each and their filament (12 ) l; clean.

The U-shaped tube is mounted in an eccentric jaw of a lathe or other machine, then successively the two complete feet are welded (30) each to a cylindrical end (28), this one by its shape guaranteeing a fast, solid and without welding default. The emitting filaments are placed at the beginning of the powdered ovowde part and arranged on the longest axis of the tube, the filaments are parallel to each other (41), -figure 4
In another embodiment, it is possible to mount the feet directly on the ovoid part of the tube, and whether this is raw or not stretched
The U-shaped tube measures from 5 to 50 centimeters according to the invention 12 centimeters without base, and once completed, it can carry a queusot (19) per foot. It is then mounted on a pumping frame with introduction of mercury (29 ) processed with a weight of 3 to 9 milligrams, especially according to the invention 6 milligrams
Am sealing of the enclosure after pumping and filling of rare gases
For complete and correct operation of these tubes, the filling pressures are different from those of the induction ignition tubes, as much as the composition of the filling gas.
While for induction tubes, it takes a pressure of the order of 1 to 2.5 millibars, for the capacitive mode, it is necessary to increase the pressure for a quick start. The pressure range required being from 1 to 7 millibars, according to the invention of 4.5 millibars.

This allows a quick breakdown, see instan
column stagnated
According to the invention, the tube comprises several gases
rare highly conductive, associated with the main gas,
here argon. These are helium, krypton, xenon,
or other in small quantities, and according to the invention 1 for
hundred percent helium and 6 percent krypton, the remainder being
then argon. The spectrum still remaining at 254
nanometers.

The electrodes are also treated
special facilitating the disruptive breakdown of the column.

They are degassed at high temperature 600 degrees
under extended vacuum, then mounted on legs t-23) or
they undergo an electrolytic deposit of a few
microns of a precious metal (silver gold, platinum, etc.)
does not recombine with mercury
According to the invention, the resistivity of the filaments has
been improved by a few Ohms, from 18 to 20 for the
- instant maintenance of the landfill, and a rise in
temperature very fast. Mercury is carefully
dosed to avoid excessive condensation which
prevent the tube from starting. The spiraling of the lila-
-nents has been disconcerted to provide volume
more alkaline earth oxides
and hook more of the free electrons in there
inside the enclosure
the introduction of a getter guarantees the longevity of
electrodes, filament and bulb or tube
For the deposition of the resistive track (22) in the discharge vessel, this can be deposited before or after the introduction of the fluorescent paste, having substantially the shape of a U or other form, transparent. or not, based on graphite, alumina and silica being intended to ensure the best ignition and being as visible as possible, either deposited in the part of the lamp or the walls face each other, level gauge
Depending on the inversion, the tube has the maximum of
emissive surface in the longest axis A of the ovoid, elliptical type, this was always greater than the diameter D of another tube of circular section and in U, which could take place in the base or inside of it this.

According to the invention, the diameter of the circular cross-section tube being equal to the small axis B of the ellip-tick shape in question, there is
- if D = B, obligatorily for the invention D <A
The ellipse or the ovoid can be regular or not but so as to form as much as possible a vertical light optical emission lens, this taking into account the manufacturing constraints, and to obtain a lighting which is as regular as possible g on the whole lamp or in an area close to 360 degrees in circumference
The tube according to the invention offering a maximum of radiant surface and with specially spaced walls> forms an external diameter of 24 to 26 millimeters, according to the invention 25 millimeters and in all cases in the extension (5) and the template of an Edison base (7), or bayonet, or goliath, or other
The ellipsoidal and ovoidal shape of the molded tube is determined so as not to exceed the gauge in diameter and in circumference of the base for which the tube is intended
In another form, it can exceed the diameter of the base (34) and have tubular parts associated with the improved capacitive ballast (42)
The cylindrical ends carrying the electrodes are completely lowered into the base, or in the slight extension (6) of its straight and high part which can go up to 2 centimeters
These ends are lowered by 1.5 cm so that the filaments and their functional disturbances are completely hidden from the user, by the metallic skirt formed (6) by the top of the Edison screw thread, this for to eliminate the multiple problems mentioned above. According to the invention, the bottom of the branches of the U-shaped tube perfectly join (8) the smooth wall of the base, and do not remove the diameter.

In another form of the invention, the ovoid parts can be replaced by any tubular parts (42) of more than 12 millimeters in diameter, the external gauge of the assembly being able (34) then to exceed the diameter of the base by several hundred meters, figure 9
In a third embodiment, it is possible to use flat tube (43), with two flat faces according to FIG. 27.

 The top of the curved part can be U-shaped or square (28), Figure 28.

 According to the invention, the ovoid and ellipsoidal shape makes it possible to multiply the radiant surface at least by 1.52 compared to a conventional cylindrical tube, and responds to the envisaged output greater than 400 Lumens for a total consumption of 6 Watt, including the ballast , (figure 29).

According to another form of the invention, in another embodiment, it is possible, from the economic point of view or the tube has become unusable, it is desirable to be able to replace it without throwing away the ignition system which is still operating, or screws vice versa
For this purpose> the tube is produced in a removable form (31) its base part comprising a plastic die for example, of square or circular shape t and comprising the electrical contacts, two or four, and coming to fit in the fastening system provided (32) for this purpose
the principle of this discharge tube is extrapolable to other tube systems and to DC power supplies
This high efficiency fluorescent tube, with improved capacitive ballast consumes less than the same inductive ballast tube, with equal luminescence. It has a lower cost due to its components and its technical design, in a ratio of 1 to 5
the new combination of an improved capacitive ballast of an ovoidal U-shaped tube with a large luminance surface and the assembly mounted in a standardized base resulted in a cuveau technical effect which is operation on the mains.

The standard base according to the invention with its significant improvements will serve as a support for mounting the assembly of the invention
If the fact of putting a ballast in a base is known it is not less true that all the tubes and lamps at the present time are completely deprived of any majority system with lamp holder> for problems of feeding and adjustment mentioned above
The choice of a standardized base, especially according to the invention, an Edison base> and the adaptation of a miniaturized ballast to this base, makes it possible to definitively solve the problem of the interchangeability of the lighting modes and brings flexibility in the use of lighting sources
According to the invention, a modified standardized base (33) modified (37), of the Edison type meets these concerns.

 The supply ballast is deposited in the very bottom of the base, phase wire in the central contact (11).

These capacitors which due to the fact that they are parallel-piped cause a volume loss of 70 for
minimum of one hundred, can be cylindrical and of the free diameter of the base which increases to equivalent capacity the space saving of 75 percent available to the other components. This or these capacitors which have no thermal effect but are sensitive to heat are separated by an insulating disc (17) from the other components which can heat, in addition to the emitter assemblies (12,13).

These work in a temperature range of
50 to 55 degrees without risk for the base and its components, especially as the tube is largely cooled by its very developed emission surface.

These capacitors are embedded in the resin, above which is placed the neon suppressor choke, or other ignition mode and the electrical connections. They are made by pinch flange. The wires are carefully connected to each other, then isolated
or the components are placed in the base, the tube is lowered put in the axis (5,26) and glued by litarge or other material
According to the invention in the compact system, the top of the base (33) is lengthened from 0.1 to 10 cm, 1.5 according to the invention> so that the ovoid parts are well taken in the base, after arrangement of the tube, the sealing litarge is deposited in the top of the base between the wall, the glass tubes, and the components
Then the two metal flaps of semi-ovoid shape are folded and held by rivet or other system.

These two flaps therefore hide the entire interior of the baseballast. In another embodiment of the base, a stamped and perforated disc in the form is caught at the top of the base. The base can also be prepared upside down and close at the level of a large cutout in the contact (11) at the end of the base.
All these removable closure parts can be welded, screwed, glued, riveted, strapped, or any other non-limiting means the metal parts folded down at the level of the closure of the ovoids are slightly rounded (35).

In all cases, the electrodes and the part of the fluorescent tube where they can be guessed and their connection are completely masked according to the invention on 12 milli-meters without this distance being immutable, by the right skirt of the base, or flared skirt dtun another base, specially made to receive a tube of larger diameter. The top of the base is folded down according to a special ovoid cut, the two semi ovoid flaps being pushed towards the inside of the tube or the walls face each other
In the case of a miniature bulb or the bonding section is circular, as in the incandescence bulbs, the cells are removed. Only the top of the base is lengthened from 3 to .10 millimeters, 6 according to an adaptation, and flared between 1 and 3 millimeters
In any case, vitrite is not used to close the base on the central contact side (it).

According to the invention, the capacitors and the enviable ballast can be positioned around a shank
In another form, still according to the invention, the base containing the complete ballast is slightly (36) modified to receive the tube in a removable form.

A system of clip, pressure, rotating flange, screw thread ring keeps the whole together
The base may include in its upper part a sliding ring (32) (33) insulating 15 millimeters in height so as to allow the user to change the tube without removing the base from its socket and to elec -trocuter during a live replacement
the tubes according to the invention being made in all powers and luminances
Consequently, the bottom of this fluorescent tube or bulb is arranged and embedded in a plastic die which can also be circular, keeping only 2 external electrical contacts and concealed for the establishment of the electrical connection. This die is positioned on the base then held by screwing or different firm systems.

This type of speaker connection on a capacitive ballast base can be extrapolated to other types of fluorescent bulbs or discharge lamps, or other lamp and electrical equipment.
The second electrical supply wire is pulled through the top of the base when gluing the litarge then welded to the wall of the base (18) and cut
This function and this object of the base is extrapolable in all dimensions and functions
The strength of these kills or blisters doesn't matter
and stuffing be cylindrical or spherical or other for.

Claims (1)

R E V E @ D I C A @ I @ @ S 1) Fluorescent tube (1) in which the emitter assemblies of the tube (12,13) are hidden (6,36), forming a compact block with a supply in the base (n), characterized in that this supply is a shunted capacity (l ó) by a resistor of high value (21) 2) tube according to claim 1, characterized er that the shunted capacitor is connected in series, or has a filtering resistance (15) and regularization placed at the terminals of the tube 3 ) tube according to claim 1,2, constituted by a neon starter ignition (14) or semi-conductor, Diac or Triac, or instantaneous (22) characterized in that it can be used under all alternating voltages 4) fluorescent tube according to claim 3 characterized in that all the technical elements, the tube, the base, are held together by bonding binder 5) fluorescent tube according to any one of the claims characterized in that the value of the shunt extends from 5 Kilo - Chms at 1 million megoh @ se @ the resistance of f iltrage from 0.1 Chm to 10 Kilo-Chms 6) fluorescent tube according to claim 1, characterized in that the filaments are arranged at the beginning of the discharge body, on the longest axis and that they are parallel to each other (41 ) 7) fluorescent tube according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tube is made removable with respect to (31) the base by means of a base with fixing with 2 or 4 contacts (32)) fluorescent tube according to claim 5, characterized in that the system of the detachable base die is at different closing lodes 9) tube according to claim characterized in that the bottom of the tube where the electrodes are located is embedded in a plastic insulating die with contact power supply 10) fluorescent tube according to any one of the claims, characterized in that the base is a standardized and modified base with insulating upper part (33) to allow the tube to be changed under tension, without risk of electric shock for the user 11) U-shaped fluorescent tube of ovoid section, according to any one of claims, characterized in that the radiant surface section (9) is greater than that of a tube with cylindrical walls in ú whose discharge body does not should not exceed the diameter of the base (7)