EP0329849B1 - Variable shock waves energy through an adapted ohmic consumption - Google Patents
Variable shock waves energy through an adapted ohmic consumption Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0329849B1 EP0329849B1 EP88121349A EP88121349A EP0329849B1 EP 0329849 B1 EP0329849 B1 EP 0329849B1 EP 88121349 A EP88121349 A EP 88121349A EP 88121349 A EP88121349 A EP 88121349A EP 0329849 B1 EP0329849 B1 EP 0329849B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- shock wave
- spark gap
- electrode
- resistive load
- ohmic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 title claims description 20
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 208000000913 Kidney Calculi Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010029148 Nephrolithiasis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000001130 gallstones Diseases 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K15/00—Acoustics not otherwise provided for
- G10K15/04—Sound-producing devices
- G10K15/06—Sound-producing devices using electric discharge
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Surgical Instruments (AREA)
- Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)
- Thermotherapy And Cooling Therapy Devices (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a device according to the preamble of claim 1.
Aus der DE-C 2 351 247 ist bekannt, Konkremente in Körpern von Lebewesen mit Stosswellen berührungsfrei zu zerkleinern. Dabei wird die in einem Kondensator gespeicherte Energie kurzfristig freigesetzt und erzeugt in einer Stosswellenquelle, beispielsweise einer Unterwasserfunkenstrecke, durch einen überspringenden Funken im ersten Fokus eines Rotationsellipsoiden eine sich fortsetzende Stosswelle, die im zweiten Brennpunkt des Ellipsoiden fokussiert wird. Die freigesetzte Energie und damit auch die Intensität der Stosswelle ist abhängig von der angelegten Spannung und der Kapazität des verwendeten Kondensators.From DE-C 2 351 247 it is known to crush concrements in bodies of living beings with shock waves without contact. The energy stored in a capacitor is released for a short time and, in a shock wave source, for example an underwater spark gap, generates a continuing shock wave that is focused in the second focal point of the ellipsoid by a skipping spark in the first focus of an ellipsoid of revolution. The energy released and thus the intensity of the shock wave depends on the applied voltage and the capacitance of the capacitor used.
Gewünscht ist eine möglichst grosse Variabilität der Schockwellenenergie, um nach den jeweiligen medizinischen Bedürfnissen ein breites Energiespektrum zur Verfügung zu haben. So sind die benötigten Energien für eine Gallensteinbehandlung im allgemeinen höher als die Energien für eine Nierensteinbehandlung. Daher sollte beispielsweise ein kombinierter Gallen- und Nierensteinzertrümmerer eine grosse Variabilität bezüglich der Schockwellenenergie aufweisen. Die Variation der Schockwellenenergie über die Spannung ist bei Unterwasserfunken-Stossquellen durch das Durchzündverhalten der Unterwasserfunkenstrecke limitiert. Mit fortschreitendem Abbrand der Elektrode steigt der minimale Spannungswert, ab dem eine sichere Durchzündung und somit die Ausbildung einer geeigneten Schockwelle gewährleistet ist. Somit kann die Spannung nicht beliebig verkleinert werden. Eine weitere Möglichkeit, die Schockwellenenergie zu beeinflussen, ist die Variation der Kapazität. Dies erfordert jedoch Hochspannungs- und Hochstromschalter innerhalb des Stoßstromgenerators, die mechanisch und elektrisch sehr aufwendig sind.The greatest possible variability of the shock wave energy is desired in order to have a wide energy spectrum available according to the respective medical needs. The energies required for gallstone treatment are generally higher than the energies for kidney stone treatment. Therefore, for example, a combined gall and kidney stone smashing device should be very versatile with respect to the shock wave energy. The variation of the shock wave energy over the voltage in underwater spark shock sources is limited by the ignition behavior of the underwater spark gap. With progressive erosion of the electrode, the minimum voltage value rises, above which a reliable ignition and thus the formation of a suitable shock wave is guaranteed. Thus the voltage cannot be reduced arbitrarily. Another way to influence the shock wave energy is to vary the capacitance. However, this requires high voltage and high current switches within the surge current generator, which are mechanically and electrically very complex.
Aus der DE-A-31 46 627 ist eine Schaltung zur Erzeugung einer mechanischen Stoßwelle für die Zerkleinerung von Konkrementen in Körpern von Lebewesen beschrieben. Sie bildet den Oberbegriff des Anspruch 1.DE-A-31 46 627 describes a circuit for generating a mechanical shock wave for the comminution of concrements in bodies of living beings. It forms the preamble of claim 1.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Vorrichtung zur Konkrementzerkleinerung anzugeben, bei der bei unveränderter Zündspannung und unveränderter Kapazität die Schockwellenenergie zu kleineren Werten hin veränderbar ist.The object of the invention is to provide a device for crushing concrement, in which the shock wave energy can be changed to smaller values with unchanged ignition voltage and unchanged capacitance.
Diese Aufgabe wird von der Erfindung nach den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Ausgestaltungen sind Gegenstand von abhängigen Ansprüchen.This object is achieved by the invention according to the features of claim 1. Refinements are the subject of dependent claims.
Zwischen Stosswellengenerator und Funkenstrecke sind ein oder mehrere ohmsche Verbraucher vorgesehen, die wahlweise zwischengeschaltet und auch ausgetauscht werden können. In diesen Verbrauchern wird die Energie, die an der Funkenstrecke nicht benötigt wird, in Wärme umgesetzt. Die Wasserstrecke der Unterwasserfunkenstrecke ist, je nach Leitfähigkeit des Wassers und Geometrie der Elektrode, sehr hochohmig (typisch mehrere kOhm). Deshalb muss die Zündspannung unverändert hoch bleiben. Erst wenn sich in der Unterwasserstrecke ein gut leitfähiger Plasmakanal ausgebildet hat und der eigentliche Entladestrom fliesst, zeigt der sehr niederohmige Verbraucher als Vorwiderstand (typisch 0.1 bis 1 Ohm) seine Wirkung.One or more ohmic consumers are provided between the shock wave generator and the spark gap, which can optionally be interposed and also exchanged. The energy that is not required at the spark gap is converted into heat in these consumers. The water path of the underwater spark gap is, depending on the conductivity of the water and geometry of the electrode, very high impedance (typically several kOhm). Therefore the ignition voltage must remain high. Only when a highly conductive plasma channel is formed in the underwater stretch and the actual discharge current flows, the very low-resistance consumer shows its effect as a series resistor (typically 0.1 to 1 ohm).
Als vorteilhafter Einbauort im Stosswellengerät bietet sich die leicht zugängliche Elektrodenwechseleinrichtung an. Hierbei kann der Verbraucher der Innenleiter der Elektrodenwechseleinrichtung selbst sein. Derzeit besteht der Innenleiter der Wechseleinrichtung aus einem sehr gut leitenden Material, beispielsweise versilbertem Messing. Die Elektrodenwechselvorrichtung wird erfindungsgemäss ersetzt durch ein geometrisch identisches Bauteil mit einem Innenleiter, der aus einem schlechter leitenden Material, beispielsweise Edelstahl, besteht. Ebenfalls lässt sich über die geometrische Gestaltung des Innenleiters, beispielsweise über den Leiterquerschnitt, noch eine Veränderung des Widerstandes und damit eine Anpassung an die gewünschte Schockwellenenergie erzielen.
Möglich ist auch, die Elektrode selbst entsprechend auszugestalten. Beispielsweise lässt sich der Innenleiter oder auch der Aussenleiter der Elektrode aus einem anderen Material mit verändertem Widerstand herstellen.
Der Widerstand des Innenleiters liegt im allgemeinen zwischen 0.1 bis 1 Ohm. Die Leistungsaufnahme wird bei normalem Klinikbetrieb im zeitlichen Mittel bei max. 30 Watt liegen, so dass die Wärmeabfuhr durch natürliche Wärmeleitung ausreichend ist.The easily accessible electrode changing device is an advantageous installation location in the shock wave device. The consumer can be the inner conductor of the electrode changing device itself. At the moment, the inner conductor of the changing device is made of a very good conductive material, for example silver-plated brass. According to the invention, the electrode changing device is replaced by a geometrically identical component with an inner conductor, which consists of a poorly conductive material, for example stainless steel. A change in the resistance and thus an adaptation to the desired shock wave energy can also be achieved via the geometric design of the inner conductor, for example via the conductor cross section.
It is also possible to design the electrode accordingly. For example, the inner conductor or the outer conductor of the electrode can be made of a different material with a changed resistance.
The resistance of the inner conductor is generally between 0.1 and 1 ohm. In normal hospital operation, the power consumption is averaged over time at max. 30 watts lie, so that the heat dissipation by natural heat conduction is sufficient.
Die Erfindung wird anhand von Figuren näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail with reference to figures.
Es zeigen:
- Figur 1
- eine Schaltungsskizze mit integriertem Widerstand,
Figur 2- eine Elektrodenwechseleinrichtung,
- Figur 3
- eine Elektrode.
- Figure 1
- a circuit diagram with integrated resistor,
- Figure 2
- an electrode changing device,
- Figure 3
- an electrode.
Figur 1 zeigt schematisch den Schaltkreis 2 eines Stosswellenerzeugers mit Kondensator 4, Schaltfunkenstrecke 6 und Funkenstrecke 8. Zwischen Schaltfunkenstrecke 6 und Funkenstrecke 8, an der die Stosswelle entsteht, ist ein Widerstand 10 eingezeichnet, der seriell geschaltet ist.Figure 1 shows schematically the
Figur 2 zeigt eine Elektrodenwechseleinrichtung 12, in die eine Elektrode 14 eingeschoben ist und über zwei Verriegelungsklinken 16 gehalten wird. Der Innenleiter 18 der Elektrode 14 geht in den Innenleiter 20 der Wechseleinrichtung 12 über.FIG. 2 shows an
Figur 3 zeigt eine Elektrode 14 mit Innenleiter 18 und Aussenleiter 22. Dazwischen befindet sich Isolationsmaterial 24. Material und Querschnitt der Leiter kann variiert werden, um einen veränderten Widerstand zu erzielen.FIG. 3 shows an
Claims (9)
- Shock wave treatment apparatus (2), in particular for breaking down in a contact-free manner calculi in the bodies of living beings, having an underwater spark gap (8), a shock wave generator and a switch (6), one or a plurality of low-resistance resistors (10) in series with the underwater spark gap being provided as loads, characterized in that the resistive loads (10) are adjustable.
- Apparatus according to Claim 1, characterized in that the resistive load (10) is replaceable.
- Apparatus according to at least one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the resistive load (10) is an easily accessible component of the apparatus.
- Apparatus according to at least one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the resistive load (10) is part of the electrode exchange device (12).
- Apparatus according to at least one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the resistive load (10) is the replaceable inner conductor (20) of the electrode exchange device (12).
- Apparatus according to at least one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that metal conductors having variable resistance values are provided in the electrode (14) forming the underwater spark gap (8).
- Apparatus according to at least one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the resistor material used is special steel.
- Apparatus according to at least one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the resistance value is approximately 0.1 to 1 ohm.
- Apparatus according to at least one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the heat generated in the load (10) can be eliminated via natural heat conduction.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3804993A DE3804993C1 (en) | 1988-02-18 | 1988-02-18 | |
DE3804993 | 1988-02-18 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0329849A1 EP0329849A1 (en) | 1989-08-30 |
EP0329849B1 true EP0329849B1 (en) | 1992-11-25 |
Family
ID=6347621
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP88121349A Expired - Lifetime EP0329849B1 (en) | 1988-02-18 | 1988-12-21 | Variable shock waves energy through an adapted ohmic consumption |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5146912A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0329849B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH01291853A (en) |
DE (1) | DE3804993C1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2037190T3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3937904C2 (en) * | 1989-11-15 | 1994-05-11 | Dornier Medizintechnik | Improvement of the ignition behavior on an underwater spark gap |
ES2097848T3 (en) * | 1992-09-28 | 1997-04-16 | Hmt Ag | APPARATUS FOR THE GENERATION OF SHOCK WAVES FOR THE CONTACTLESS DESTRUCTION OF CONCRETIONS IN BODIES OF ORGANISMS. |
EP0781447B1 (en) * | 1994-09-21 | 1999-06-02 | Hmt High Medical Technologies Entwicklungs- Und Vertriebs Ag | Device for generating shock waves for medical treatment, in particular for electro-hydraulic lithotripsy |
DE19718512C1 (en) * | 1997-05-02 | 1998-06-25 | Hmt Ag | Production of shock waves for medical applications using spark discharge in water |
CZ297145B6 (en) | 1997-10-24 | 2006-09-13 | Medipool Treuhand- Und Beteiligungsgesellschaft Für Medizintechnik Gmbh | System for automatic adjustment of mutual distance of electrodes for setting spark gap in electrohydraulic systems with impulse wave |
US11794040B2 (en) | 2010-01-19 | 2023-10-24 | The Board Of Regents Of The University Of Texas System | Apparatuses and systems for generating high-frequency shockwaves, and methods of use |
US11865371B2 (en) | 2011-07-15 | 2024-01-09 | The Board of Regents of the University of Texas Syster | Apparatus for generating therapeutic shockwaves and applications of same |
US10835767B2 (en) * | 2013-03-08 | 2020-11-17 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Rapid pulse electrohydraulic (EH) shockwave generator apparatus and methods for medical and cosmetic treatments |
TWI742110B (en) | 2016-07-21 | 2021-10-11 | 美商席利通公司 | Rapid pulse electrohydraulic (eh) shockwave generator apparatus with improved electrode lifetime and method of producing compressed acoustic wave using same |
KR20230144665A (en) | 2017-02-19 | 2023-10-16 | 솔리톤, 인코포레이티드 | Selective laser induced optical breakdown in biological medium |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2635635C3 (en) * | 1976-08-07 | 1979-05-31 | Dornier System Gmbh, 7990 Friedrichshafen | Spark gap for generating shock waves for the contact-free destruction of calculus in the bodies of living beings |
DE2650624C2 (en) * | 1976-11-05 | 1985-05-30 | Dornier System Gmbh, 7990 Friedrichshafen | Device for smashing concretions in the body of a living being |
DE3146627C2 (en) * | 1981-11-25 | 1990-04-19 | Dornier System Gmbh, 7990 Friedrichshafen | Circuit for generating an electrical discharge in the nsec range |
DE3150430C1 (en) * | 1981-12-19 | 1983-07-28 | Dornier System Gmbh, 7990 Friedrichshafen | Circuit for generating an underwater discharge |
DE3447440A1 (en) * | 1984-12-27 | 1986-07-03 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | SHOCK SHAFT PIPE FOR THE CRUSHING OF CONCRETE |
DE3543881C1 (en) * | 1985-12-12 | 1987-03-26 | Dornier Medizintechnik | Underwater electrode for non-contact lithotripsy |
-
1988
- 1988-02-18 DE DE3804993A patent/DE3804993C1/de not_active Expired
- 1988-12-21 ES ES198888121349T patent/ES2037190T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-12-21 EP EP88121349A patent/EP0329849B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1989
- 1989-01-25 JP JP1016075A patent/JPH01291853A/en active Pending
-
1990
- 1990-10-16 US US07/598,225 patent/US5146912A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH01291853A (en) | 1989-11-24 |
EP0329849A1 (en) | 1989-08-30 |
US5146912A (en) | 1992-09-15 |
ES2037190T3 (en) | 1993-06-16 |
DE3804993C1 (en) | 1989-08-10 |
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