EP0329570B1 - Antigene Zusammensetzungen aus Fragmenten von Campylobacter pylori und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und Verwendung - Google Patents

Antigene Zusammensetzungen aus Fragmenten von Campylobacter pylori und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und Verwendung Download PDF

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EP0329570B1
EP0329570B1 EP89400464A EP89400464A EP0329570B1 EP 0329570 B1 EP0329570 B1 EP 0329570B1 EP 89400464 A EP89400464 A EP 89400464A EP 89400464 A EP89400464 A EP 89400464A EP 0329570 B1 EP0329570 B1 EP 0329570B1
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pylori
antigen
antibodies
antibody complex
sample
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EP0329570A2 (de
EP0329570A3 (de
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Martin J. Blaser
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Enteric Research Laboratories Inc
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Enteric Research Laboratories Inc
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
    • G01N33/569—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for microorganisms, e.g. protozoa, bacteria, viruses
    • G01N33/56911—Bacteria
    • G01N33/56922—Campylobacter
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K14/195—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from bacteria
    • C07K14/205—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from bacteria from Campylobacter (G)
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2333/00—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature
    • G01N2333/195—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature from bacteria
    • G01N2333/205—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature from bacteria from Campylobacter (G)
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S435/00—Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
    • Y10S435/961—Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology including a step of forming, releasing, or exposing the antigen or forming the hapten-immunogenic carrier complex or the antigen per se
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S435/00—Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
    • Y10S435/974—Aids related test
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S435/00—Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
    • Y10S435/975—Kit
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
    • Y10S436/804—Radioisotope, e.g. radioimmunoassay
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S530/00—Chemistry: natural resins or derivatives; peptides or proteins; lignins or reaction products thereof
    • Y10S530/806—Antigenic peptides or proteins
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S530/00—Chemistry: natural resins or derivatives; peptides or proteins; lignins or reaction products thereof
    • Y10S530/81—Carrier - bound or immobilized peptides or proteins and the preparation thereof, e.g. biological cell or cell fragment as carrier
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S530/00—Chemistry: natural resins or derivatives; peptides or proteins; lignins or reaction products thereof
    • Y10S530/82—Proteins from microorganisms
    • Y10S530/825—Bacteria

Definitions

  • This invention relates to methods for detecting the presence or absence of antibodies specific to Campylobacter pylori , and more particularly to the clinical use of novel antigenic compositions for detecting the presence of antibodies to C. pylori and/or for diagnosing certain gastrointestinal disorders.
  • C. pylori infection Most current diagnostic methods for C. pylori infection are costly, difficult to perform in a clinical setting, overly time-consuming and/or unduly invasive and uncomfortable for the patient. For instance, one test involves passage of a tube through the mouth and into the stomach or duodenum for obtaining a biopsy of tissue. Another test involves measuring the increase in carbon dioxide released in the breath of a patient who has consumed a solution containing urea. ( C. pylori contain the enzyme urease, which releases carbon dioxide from ingested urea.) Costly instrumentation is required to detect this difference. An analogous test involving carbon 14-labeled urea leads to the production of carbon 14-labeled carbon dioxide that is easier to detect. However, this test is undesirable because it involves exposing the patient to a radioactive isotope.
  • the invention relates to an antigenic composition for detecting the presence of antibodies to Campylobacter pylori, said composition being enriched in antigenic fragment of Campylobacter pyroli that resolves into 63,000 ; 57,000 and 31,000 dalton bands under electrophoresis on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel.
  • This procedure is a method of detecting gastritis or peptic ulcer disease comprising :
  • This diagnostic test is a method of detecting anti- C.pylori antibodies in a test sample comprising the steps of :
  • antigenic compositions which include at least fragments of C. pylori and have an enriched concentration of at least one fragment which exhibits exceptional antibody response, is common to most strains of C. pylori , and exhibits sufficient uniqueness that it is substantially unrecognized by antibodies present in non-infected individuals.
  • the phrase "at least fragments" connotes that intact bacteria, i.e. the entire organism, may be used as well as fractional parts thereof.
  • the composition is enriched in at least one fragment selected from the group consisting of 63,000, 57,000, 45,000 and 31,000 dalton fragments.
  • the antigenic composition has an enriched concentration of at least fragments of C.
  • the antigenic composition comprises at least fragments of at least one strain of C. pylori selected from the group consisting of five isolates, denoted by inventors' I.D. Nos. 84-180, 84-182, 84-183, 86-63 and 86-86, which have been deposited in the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), 12301 Parklawn Drive, Rockville, MD 20852, under ATCC Nos. 53722, 53725, 53726, 53727 and 53721, respectively, on or before February 16, 1988, prior to the filing of this patent application (hereinafter referred to collectively as the "deposited strains").
  • ATCC American Type Culture Collection
  • 53722, 53725, 53726, 53727 and 53721 respectively, on or before February 16, 1988, prior to the filing of this patent application
  • the antigenic compositions described above act as antigenic compositions capable of binding C. pyroli -specific antibodies.
  • the antigenic compositions tend to complex with antibodies present in the systems of almost every C. pylori -infected individual regardless of the specific strain with which he is infected. Moreover, these antigens are seldomly recognized by antibodies present in the body fluids of non-infected individuals.
  • Specific preferred antigens for the composition representing strong antibody detection capability include, but are not limited to, C.
  • SDS-PAGE sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel
  • 1-2 microgram samples are applied to each lane after boiling for 5 minutes in a buffer containing sodium dodecyl sulfate (hereinafter "SDS") dithiothreitol and glycerol.
  • SDS sodium dodecyl sulfate
  • the separating gel is 10 percent acrylamide and electrophoresis is performed at 35 mAmps for 2 hours at a constant temperature of 8°C. Bands are resolved using a silver stain.
  • isolated flagella of C. pylori and especially isolated fragments of said flagella having an apparent molecular weight of approximately 63,000, 57,000 and 31,000 daltons respectively, are used, individually or in combination with each other, as the antigen(s) of preference.
  • the 63,000, 57,000, 45,000 and 31,000 dalton fragments from the deposited strains are found in most C. pylori --not just the deposited strains -- and are useful in the antigenic composition of the invention regardless of the source from which they are derived. Appropriate synthetic antigens homologous to the antigenic fragments specified herein may also be used.
  • samples to be tested for C. pylori -specific antibody are contacted with the antigenic compositions defined herein.
  • the contacting is followed by determining whether the degree of antigen/antibody complex formation exceeds a threshold which indicates that the sample is positive for C. pylori -specific antibody.
  • the formation of antigen/antibody complex is detected by conventional techniques.
  • the extent of detection of the antigen/antibody complex which should be considered a positive signal depends upon the detection means chosen, but may be defined generically as a value greater than the mean plus 1 (and preferably 3) intervals of standard deviation from the results observed from a negative control group.
  • the negative control group should consist of asymptomatic individuals who are members of a population which is unlikely to include individuals infected with C. pylori .
  • a preferred control group for instance, is a group of asymptomatic children below 10 years of age. Such children form a population unlikely to be infected.
  • Preferred techniques for detecting formation of antigen/antibody complexes include, but are not limited to, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), indirect fluorescence assay, and liposome-based assay.
  • ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
  • indirect fluorescence assay e.g., fluorescence assay
  • liposome-based assay e.g., liposome-based assay.
  • a Western blot technique may be used, in which case the bands are detected by visual inspection, and substantial appearance of dark bands may be taken as a positive indication.
  • kits which include both antigenic compositions in accordance with the invention and a means for detecting antigen/antibody complex.
  • C. pylori infection may be diagnosed by testing for antibodies to C. pylori in accordance with the present invention. Moreover, follow-up testing for antibodies following treatment for C. pylori infection may be used to monitor the progress of such treatment. Because C. pylori infection may occur at widely varied physical locations in the upper gastrointestinal tract, the assays of the invention may improve on even the accuracy obtainable by endoscopy and biopsy which sample only specific areas.
  • the invention also provides, in certain aspects, fragments of C. pylori produced without increasing the concentration of any particular antigen wherein the antigenic mixture is immobilized and then contacted with a test sample, and wherein the degree of formation of antigen/antibody complex is measured either by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or liposome-based assay. For this procedure, it is desirable, but not necessary, to enrich the antigenic mixture with one or more of the preferred antigens described herein.
  • an antigenic composition is considered to be "enriched" in the concentration of one or more particular antigens whenever the concentration of the particular antigens exceeds the natural concentration (relative to other antigens) which results when C. pylori are extracted and fragmented under circumstances which do not selectively increase the concentration of the particular antigens.
  • fragment means a portion of a bacterium resulting from disruption of the bacterial cell by common techniques for producing bacterial antigens, or synthetic homologs of said portions such as synthetic or recombinantly produced polypeptides.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates the differentiation of urine specimens from persons known to be sero-positive or sero-negative for C. pylori infection, by measuring urinary IgG antibodies to C. pylori .
  • Figs. 2-4 relate to Example 5 and are explained therein.
  • Fig. 5 relates to Example 4 and is explained therein.
  • Fig. 6 is a whole cell profile of the deposited strains with strips 1-5 representing deposited strains 86-63 (ATCC 53727), 84-180 (ATCC 53722), 84-182 (ATCC 53725), 86-86 (ATCC 53721) and 84-183 (ATCC 53726), respectively.
  • Fig. 7 is the lipopolysaccharide profile of the five deposited strains of Fig. 6 (each lane representing the same strains as in Fig. 6).
  • Fig. 8 is a Western blot of the deposited strains wherein each strain has been blotted with rabbit serum raised against that particular strain.
  • strip A relates to whole cell fragments of organism A reacted with rabbit antiserum raised against organism A.
  • Lanes A through E represent deposited strains 84-180 (ATCC 53722), 84-182 (ATCC 53725), 84-183 (ATCC 53726), 86-63 (ATCC 53727) and 86-86 (ATCC 53721), respectively.
  • Fig. 9 is a Western blot of the five deposited strains (each lane representing the same strains as in Fig. 8) wherein each lane includes proteinase K-treated whole cell lysates blotted with antiserum raised against the homologous organism.
  • Fig. 9 depicts primarily lipopolysaccharides because proteins are digested away by proteinase K.
  • any sample suspected of containing C. pylori antibodies may be tested in accordance with the methods set forth herein.
  • the samples to be tested are bodily fluids such as blood, serum, urine, tears, saliva and the like. Both medical and veterinary applications are contemplated.
  • samples may be taken from other mammals such as non-human primates, horses, swine, etc. Due to the sensitivity of the test described, it is both possible and preferable to strongly dilute the sample prior to testing. Dilution may proceed by addition of any fluid compatible with each of the sample, the antibodies to be tested, and the immobilized antigenic composition.
  • Serum when used as the sample, is preferably diluted with one or more fluids selected from the group consisting of phosphate-buffered salin, pH 7.0-7.4 (hereinafter "PBS"), PBS-containing Tween® 20 (hereinafter, “PBS T”), PBS T with thimerosal (hereinafter, "PBS TT”), PBS TT (gelatin) (hereafter "PBS TTG”), and PBS TTG with bovine gamma globulin (hereafter "PBS TTGG”), and is preferably diluted when testing for IgG antibody in a ratio from about 1:500 to about 1:1000, such as, for instance, about 1:800. Preferred dilution ratios when testing for IgA antibody are about 1:50 to about 1:200, such as 1:100. IgG tests are preferred.
  • PBS T phosphate-buffered salin, pH 7.0-7.4
  • PBS T PBS-containing Tween® 20
  • Preferred diluents and dilution ratios may vary according to the sample being tested.
  • Urine for instance, is already relatively dilute and typically is not diluted further. However, it is unnecessary to concentrate urine as is often necessary with other assays.
  • the pH of urine Prior to testing, is preferably adjusted to between about 7.0 and 7.4, the preferred pH for antibody function.
  • Antigenic compositions useful in accordance with the present invention include but are not limited to specific antigens isolated from fragments of the five deposited strains, one or more complete organisms from among the deposited strains, and mixtures of the foregoing. Isolated flagella, for instance, have proven to be effective antigens for the antigenic composition. Antigenic fragments of the C. pylori strains, which may be proteins, lypopolysaccharides, etc., are identified by their apparent molecular weight derived from their electrophoretic migration on sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gels as previously described.
  • Preferred antigenic mixtures include isolated flagella from any C. pylori strains or fragments of said flagella, and isolated fragments of any C. pylori strains wherein the fragments have an apparent molecular weight on SDS-PAGE of 63,000, 57,000, 45,000 or 31,000 daltons.
  • a mixture of antigens obtained from a pool of all five deposited strains is believed to inciude at least one antigen likely to be present in almost all C. pylori strains.
  • the antigenic composition be enriched in flagella or in at least one of said 63,000, 57,000, 45,000 or 31,000 dalton fragments.
  • At least 50 percent of the composition or at least 50 percent of the C. pylori fragments are flagella or the specified molecular weight fragments. In certain preferred embodiments the concentration reaches 85 percent or more. For some applications, it may be desirable that the antigenic composition be substantially free of antigens other than flagella or the specified molecular weight fragments.
  • An antigenic composition is considered to be substantially free of antigens other than the antigens of interest whenever the antigenic composition, when subjected to electrophoresis on SDS-PAGE and appropriate staining, exhibits single well-defined bands corresponding to the antigens of interest, and no other bands are visually apparent.
  • Antigenic compounds in accordance with the instant invention are preferably immobilized on a substrate using conventional techniques. For instance, polystyrene plates may be incubated with antigenic suspensions made in accordance with the invention. Alternatively, for instance, antigens isolated as protein bands on electrophoretic gel may be transferred to a nitrocellulose sheet by known methods. See Towbin et al., Proc. Nat'l. Acad. Sci. , 76 : 4350-54 (1979); Burnette, et al., Biochem. , 112: 195-203 (1981). Numerous other techniques are known in the art for binding antigens to substantially inert substrates.
  • Bound antigens in accordance with the invention are preferably contacted with a highly dilute fluid which includes the sample to be tested for presence of antibody to C. pylori .
  • the antigen and sample are preferably incubated for at least about one hour. Considerably less time is needed when incubation proceeds at or near human body temperature, about 37°C. Incubation at other temperatures, for instance 4°C, is also proper, but generally requires additional incubation time. Preferred incubation time at 37°C is from about 10 minutes to about 90 minutes.
  • the bound antigens should then be rinsed to remove any unbound antibodies, i.e., those which are not specific for the antigens.
  • rinsing proceeds wit a buffer solution such as PBS T, PBS TT or Tris/Tween®/Sodium chloride/azide. Multiple rinsings are preferred.
  • C. pylori -specific antibodies bind to the immobilized antigens to create antigen/antibody complexes. All unbound antibodies are substantially removed during the rinsing procedure. Due to the high specificity of the antigens of the invention, antibodies which are not specific for C. pylori have been substantially removed at this point. Naturally, if the tested sample did not contain C. pylori -specific antibodies, the immobilized antigens would be substantially free of human antibody at this point and subsequent testing for antigen/antibody complexes should not indicate a substantial presence of such complexes. On the other hand, if the tested sample were rich in C. pylori -specific antibodies, these antibodies should have bound to the immobilized antigens to form a large quantity of antigen/antibody complex for subsequent detection.
  • Detection of antigen/antibody complex may be achieved by a wide variety of known methods. Preferred methods include but are not limited to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blot technique, indirect fluorescence assay or a liposome based assay.
  • the C. pylori -specific antibodies complexed with immobilized antigen are detected by contact with labelled or otherwise detectable second antibodies specific for human immunoglobulin.
  • the labelled second antibodies may be specific for any human antibody, preferably of the IgG or IgA type, most preferably, IgG.
  • an IgM test may be appropriate.
  • the second antibodies are preferably incubated with the immobilized antigens for about 15 minutes to about 2 hours, preferably 30 minutes to 60 minutes at a temperature of about 20°C to about 37°C. Then, the antigens are washed with a buffer solution (preferably several times) in order to remove all unbound labelled antibody.
  • labelled antibody has been substantially removed except where it has bound to human immunoglobulin present on the antigens.
  • substantially the only human immunoglobulin present at this point should be C. pylori -specific antibody.
  • the presence of C. pylori -specific antibody may be indirectly measured by determining the presence or absence of the labeled second antibody.
  • detecting the label For instance, fluorescein-labelled antibody may be detected by scanning for emitted light at the characteristic wavelength for fluorescein.
  • an enzyme label is detected by incubation with appropriate substrate and detection of a color change. This can be determined by visual inspection or can be read automatically by a spectrophotometer set at the appropriate wavelength.
  • the positive signal may be detected when an enzyme is conjugated to the second antibody. Incubation with appropriate substrate enzymatically produces a color product in the immediate vicinity of the antigenic band resolved by this process. The presence of a reactive band may be detected by visual inspection.
  • fluorescein-labeled second antibodies may be detected by fluorescence-activated detectors, or by visual inspection.
  • a liposome-based assay may involve the presence of fluorescein, an enzyme or a substrate inside a liposome onto which surface C. pylori antigens are expressed. These liposomes are incubated with the body fluid sample to be tested, in appropriate dilution, and are thoroughly washed.
  • Those liposomes with human immunoglobulins on their surface forming an antigen/antibody complex may be recognized by incorporating a second antibody to a specific human Ig onto the inside walls of a polystyrene tube.
  • Those liposomes with antibody bound to the C. pylori antigens will be immobilized, and non-immobilized liposomes will be washed away.
  • the liposomes can be lysed with, for instance, detergent, or complement, and the enzyme or substrate that was in the interior is now free to react with the complementary substrate (or enzyme) in the solution in the tube.
  • the resulting color reaction could be detected by visual inspection or spectrophotometric color determination.
  • fluorescein present could be detected by a fluorescence-activated detector.
  • the sensitivity and specificity of the antibody detection in accordance with the present invention have been determined using serum obtained from persons from defined populations.
  • the initial analysis was of 40 healthy children and antibody was not found in this group in the IgA assay, and only once in the IgG assay (Tables 1 and 2). This is significant because both gastritis and peptic ulcer disease are very uncommon in this population and it serves as a negative control group.
  • the distribution of optical density values in the ELISA determination from this population were used to then establish a threshold for positivity. This is significant because the assay was then prospectively tested using high-risk and low-risk populations. Examples 1 and 2 are illustrative of the results of this assessment.
  • An antigenic composition was prepared from 5 C. pylori strains (ATCC deposit numbers 53722, 53721, 53725, 53726, and 53727) which represent a diverse range of antigens.
  • Bacterial cells were plated onto chocolate agar, then incubated for 48 hours at 35°C in an atmosphere containing 5 percent oxygen, 10 percent carbon dioxide. 5 percent hydrogen, and the remainder nitrogen.
  • Cells from plates were harvested in sterile distilled water (3 ml/plate), centrifuged twice at 5,000 x g for 10 minutes at 25°C, and then suspended in sterile distilled water.
  • the concentration of cells from each strain was standardized at an optical density (at 450 nanometers) of 1.5, then the suspensions were added together in equal volumes (3 ml of each).
  • the pooled suspensions were sonicated on ice four times with a Branson sonifier (model S-75, Branson Instruments, Danbury, CT) for 30 seconds with 30 second rests.
  • the preparation was then centrifuged twice at 5,000 x g for 20 minutes to remove whole cells and the supernatant was centrifuged for 1 hour at 100,000 x g at 4°C (L-78 ultracentrifuge, Beckman Instruments, Inc., Fullerton, CA).
  • the pellet was suspended in sterile distilled water and brought to a standard concentration of 1-2 mg/ml. Sonicates were aliquoted and frozen at -70°C until used. For use in the ELISA, the sonicates were diluted in carbonate buffer (pH 9.6) to a concentration of 10 mg/ml.
  • PBS-TTG bovine gamma globulin
  • the wells were aspirated and washed three times with PBS-TT in order to remove unbound antibodies, and then incubated for one hour at 37°C with 100 microtiters horseradish peroxidase-labeled goat anti-human IgG at a dilution of 1:5000 in PBS-TT containing 1 percent bovine serum albumin and 0.1 percent bovine gamma globulin.
  • Goat anti-human IgG is a second antibody that binds with the antigen/antibody complex which should have formed only in wells exposed to positive serum, i.e., serum containing C. pylori -specific antibody.
  • the wells were successively washed five times with PBS-TT to remove the unbound goat antibody.
  • This substrate mixture detects the peroxidase label and forms a color product which may be detected by an ELISA reader capable of detecting light at a wavelength of about 410 nm.
  • the ELISA reader quantifies the color reading.
  • Assays were performed in triplicate. Control wells on each plate were processed in an identical fashion, except that diluent rather than test serum was added. Absorbance readings greater than the mean + 3 intervals of standard deviation for the results observed when a group of 40 healthy children under 10 years old were tested were taken as positive.
  • the positive threshold was determined to be 0.910 units of optical density at 410 nm, where 100 microliters of developing solution is placed in the standardized flat-bottom microtiter wells identified above. The results are shown in Table 1.
  • IgA assay using pooled suspensions of sonicates of all five deposited strains in antigenic composition.
  • Example 2 The methods employed were identical to those indicated in Example 1 except that the test human serum was used at 1:50 dilution for IgA determinations (reflecting the lower IgA concentration in serum), and peroxidase-labelled goat anti-human IgA was used as the labeled second antibody, diluted 1:1000.
  • the positive threshold was determined to be 0.470 units of optical density determined as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 2. TABLE 2 - IgA ASSAY USING SONICATES OF ALL FIVE DEPOSITED STRAINS No. Positive/Percent Subject No. tested Positive Cases Patients with gastrointestinal symptoms and confirmed C.
  • Urine from persons known to have serum antibodies to C. pylori was assessed to determine whether specific IgG antibodies were detectable in urine.
  • the methods employed are identical to those of Examples 1 and 2 except that the pH of the urine specimen was neutralized to 7.4 using 1N sodium hydroxide and 100 ⁇ g of this specimen was added to each microtiter well.
  • creatinine concentration of the urine specimen was measured, and the results were expressed as a ratio of optical density in the ELISA divided by the creatinine concentration. This standardizes the assay regardless of variation in concentration of urine.
  • the results obtained from the IgG ELISA are presented in Fig. 1.
  • the gels were covered with nitrocellulose paper (NCP) that had been soaked in electrode buffer (192 mM glycine, 25 mM.Tris. base, 20 percent methanol). Electroblotting sponges were rinsed in deionized water and then saturated with the electrode buffer. After the gel was placed on the sponge, the NC? was laid over the gel, and then the second sponge was overlaid. This sandwich was placed in an electroblotting apparatus, and the proteins were electrophoresed at 100 mA for 18 hours. The NCP was rinsed in borate buffer (pH 8.0) with 0.05 percent Tween®-80 and then were incubated at room temperature for one hour with 3 percent dried nonfat milk in borate buffer.
  • NCP nitrocellulose paper
  • the NCP was cut into vertical strips containing multiple bands and each strip incubated at 25°C for 4 hours in a 1:400 dilution of the test serum samples in 3 percent dried non-fat milk in borate buffer. After three one-hour washes in 1 percent dried non-fat milk in borate buffer, the NCP strips were incubated for 2 hours at 25°C with peroxidase conjugated rabbit anti-human IgG diluted 1:5000 in 1 percent milk-borate buffer. After three twenty-minute washes in borate buffer, the NCP strips were placed in DAB solution (50 mM Tris with 0.025 percent diaminobenzidine with two drops of hydrogen peroxide), for 5 to 10 minutes until reaction products were optimally developed. The reaction was stopped by washing the strips in tap water. The strips were read by visual inspection.
  • DAB solution 50 mM Tris with 0.025 percent diaminobenzidine with two drops of hydrogen peroxide
  • Fig. 5 indicates graphically the results of these experiments.
  • Strip A was incubated in the absence of human antibody with only 3 percent dried non-fat milk in borate buffer;
  • Strip B was incubated with serum from a patient with gastrointestinal symptoms who had neither C. pylori infection nor gastritis;
  • Strip C was incubated with serum from another patient with gastrointestinal symptoms who had neither C. pylori infection nor gastritis;
  • Strip D was incubated with serum from a patient with peptic ulcer disease;
  • Strip E was incubated with serum from a second patient with peptic ulcer disease;
  • Strip F was incubated with serum from a patient with gastrointestinal symptoms who was found to have both C.
  • Strip G was incubated with serum from another patient with gastrointestinal symptoms who was found to have both C. pylori infection and gastritis
  • Strip H was incubated with serum from an asymptomatic person who was found to have both C. pylori infection and gastritis
  • Strip I was incubated with serum from another asymptomatic person who was found to have both C. pylori infection and gastritis.
  • C. pylori cells were analyzed in comparison with cells of other enteropathogenic organisms.
  • the assays employed determined whether pre-incubation of known positive sera in the C. pylori ELISA with C. pylori or control cells would significantly reduce optical density readings.
  • the serum used was a pool from C. pylori -infected persons that had high values in the IgA, IgG, and IgM ELISA.
  • the pooled serum was absorbed with whole cells of C. pylori , Escherichia coli , Campylobacter fetus , or Campylobacter jejuni .
  • C. pylori ELISAs for sero-diagnosis of C. pylori infection
  • antibody levels in other control groups were compared. There were no seroconversions between acute and convalescent-phase specimens from 30 patients with acute bacterial enteritis with fecal leukocytes present. Included among these were 12 patients with acute C. jejuni infection, each of whom seroconverted to C. jejuni antigens.
  • Strain 84-183 (ATCC 53726) was processed exactly as indicated in Example 1. However, for establishing the assay, instead of pooling sonicates from five strains to reach a protein concentration of 1.0 ⁇ g per well, the sonicate from strain 84-183 (ATCC 53726) was used alone at a concentration of 1.0 ⁇ g per well. The results of the comparison between the assays when the standard five-strain antigen was used and when the single antigen was used are shown in Table 3.
  • Flagellae of gram-negative bacteria usually possess important surface antigens to which infected hosts generally produce antibodies. To determine whether any of these antigens were in fact among those to which C. pylori -infected persons were responding, we purified flagellae for further study.
  • Strain 84-182 was grown exactly as indicated in Example 1. After the cells were harvested from plates in sterile distilled water, the suspension was centrifuged at 3,000 x g for 20 minutes. The supernatant was aspirated and the pellet was resuspended in 0.1M Tris-HCl (pH 7.4) to achieve an optical density at the 450 nanometer setting of 1.5. This suspension was treated by passage at 0°C in a Virtis blender at medium-high intensity for 45 seconds. This procedure shears the flagella from Campylobacter species (Blaser et al., Infection and Immunity 1986; 53:47-52).
  • a flagellar preparation from a C. pylori strain selected in an unbiased manner was fractionated by passage through a gel filtration chromatographic column.
  • the column employed was a Superose® 12 column (Pharmacia Laboratories, Piscataway, NJ) in a Pharmacia Fast Protein Liquid Chromatographic (FPLC) apparatus.
  • the flagellar preparation was suspended in 20 mM tris buffer (pH 8.0). The flow rate was 0.3 ml/min and fractions were collected over a period of 100 minutes.
  • the first peak passed through the column between 20 and 30 minutes, and other peaks were seen after 60 minutes. Analysis of the content of the first peak was by SDS-PAGE followed by silver staining. Using this sensitive stain, only 3 bands were resolved for the fractions representing the peak. These migrated at 63,000, 57,000 and 31,000 daltons. For establishing the ELISA, these fractions were pooled, and this preparation was used at a protein concentration of 100 ng per microtiter plate well. Further steps in this assay were exactly as indicated in Example 1. The results of the comparison between the IgG assays when the standard five-strain antigen was used and when the gel filtration fractions of the flagella preparation was used are shown in Table 5. TABLE 5 Comparison of diagnostic efficacy of C.
  • the assay for IgM was performed exactly as in Example 1 except that the serum was diluted 1:400 to diminish non-specific reactivity and the serum IgM was detected by a peroxidase-conjugated goat antibody specific for IgM, and the reaction developed for 60 minutes.
  • the results are shown below in Table 7.
  • Seroconversion in the IgA and IgG classes occurred between days 60 and 431 following experimental challenge.
  • IgM seroconversion criteria have not been specifically defined, the nearly four-fold increase in optical density between day 8 and 22 after challenge, and gradual decline is significant. It is noteworthy that the increase in C. pylori -specific IgM is appreciably earlier in the course of the infection than either the IgA or IgG responses.
  • C. pylori -specific test kits were constructed for detecting antibodies using several different techniques for detection.
  • One test kit for antibody detection was comprised of a compartmented enclosure containing a plurality of wells, plates which were coated prior to use with C. pylori antigens, and ELISA materials for enzyme detection consisting of peroxidase-labeled goat anti-human IgG and a color change indicator consisting of ABTS in McIlvain's buffer with 0.005 percent hydrogen peroxide.
  • enzymes and developers could have been used.
  • alkaline phosphatase-labelled goat anti-human IgG could be used in conjunction with p-nitrophenyl phosphate in diethanolamine and magnesium chloride buffer.
  • a second test kit for detecting antibodies using the Western blot technique was comprised of a container, cover, nitrocellulose sheet, and a polyacrylamide slab gel in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, surfactants, pH modifiers, dried non-fat milk and materials for enzyme detection including a color change indicator consisting of DAB in Tris with hydrogen peroxide.
  • This Western blot analysis kit also contains peroxidase-labeled goat or rabbit anti-human immunoglobulin and a source of C. pylori antigens.
  • Another C. pylori -specific test kit for detecting antibodies using the indirect immunofluorescence assay may include a compartmental container with C. pylori antigens, human test serum, phosphate buffered saline and fluorescein-conjugated goat anti-human IgG.
  • a different C. pylori specific test kit for detecting antibodies uses liposomes and comprises a container, human test serum, fluorescent marker- (or enzyme- or substrate-) filled liposome with C. pylori antigens on their surface, and a surface-active agent.
  • the container might be a precoated tube or well with goat anti-human IgG.

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Claims (10)

  1. Antigenzusammensetzung zum Nachweis des Vorliegens von Antikörpern gegen Campylobacter pylori, wobei die Zusammensetzung an Antigenfragmenten von Campylobacter pylori angereichert ist, die durch Elektrophorese auf Natriumdodecylsulfat-Polyacrylamidgel in Banden mit 63 000, 57 000 und 31 000 Dalton aufgetrennt werden.
  2. Antigenzusammensetzung zum Nachweis des Vorliegens von Antikörpern gegen Campylobacter pylori, wobei die Zusammensetzung an Campylobacter-pylori-Antigenen angereichert ist, die durch ein Verfahren erhältlich sind, bei dem:
    (a) durch Scheren mechanisch von C. pylori Antigene entfernt werden und
    (b) im Anschluß daran die Konzentration an Antigenen erhöht wird, die durch Elektrophorese auf Natriumdodecylsulfat-Polyacrylamidgel in Banden mit 63 000, 57 000 und 31 000 Dalton aufgetrennt werden.
  3. Verfahren zum Nachweis von Anti-C.-pylori-Antikörpern in einer Testprobe, bei dem:
    (i) die Probe mit einer Antigenzusammensetzung zum Nachweis des Vorliegens von Antikörpern gegen Campylobacter pylori in Kontakt gebracht wird, wobei die Zusammensetzung an Antigenfragmenten von Campylobacter pylori angereichert ist, die durch Elektrophorese auf Natriumdodecylsulfat-Polyacrylamidgel in Banden mit 63 000, 57 000 und 31 000 Dalton aufgetrennt werden, oder mit einer Antigenzusammensetzung zum Nachweis des Vorliegens von Antikörpern gegen Campylobacter pylori, wobei die Zusammensetzung an Campylobacter-pylori-Antigenen angereichert ist, die nach einem Verfahren erhältlich sind, bei dem:
    (a) durch Scheren mechanisch von C. pylori Antigene entfernt werden und
    (b) im Anschluß daran die Konzentration an Antigenen erhöht wird, die durch Elektrophorese auf Natriumdodecylsulfat-Polyacrylamidgel in Banden mit 63 000, 57 000 und 31 000 Dalton aufgetrennt werden,
    wobei die Zusammensetzung in Gegenwart der Antikörper einen Antigen/Antikörperkomplex bildet, worauf
    (ii) die Menge des während Schritt (i) gebildeten Antigen/Antikörperkomplexes bestimmt wird.
  4. Verfahren zur Nachweis zum Gastritis oder peptischer Ulcuskrankheit, bei dem:
    (i) eine Probe einer Körperflüssigkeit von einem Patienten entnommen wird, der auf Gastritis oder peptische Ulcuskrankheit untersucht werden soll,
    (ii) die Probe mit einer Antigenzusammensetzung zum Nachweis des Vorliegens von Antikörpern gegen Campylobacter pylori in Kontakt gebracht wird, wobei die Zusammensetzung an Antigenfragmenten von Campylobacter pylori angereichert ist, die durch Elektrophorese auf Natriumdodecylsulfat-Polyacrylamidgel in Banden mit 63 000, 57 000 und 31 000 Dalton aufgetrennt werden, oder mit einer Antigenzusammensetzung zum Nachweis des Vorliegens von Antikörpern gegen Campylobacter pylori, wobei die Zusammensetzung an Campylobacter-pylori-Antigenen angereichert ist, die nach einem Verfahren erhältlich sind, bei dem:
    (a) durch Scheren mechanisch von C. pylori Antigene entfernt werden und
    (b) im Anschluß daran die Konzentration an Antigenen erhöht wird, die durch Elektrophorese auf Natriumdodecylsulfat-Polyacrylamidgel in Banden mit 63 000, 57 000 und 31 000 Dalton aufgetrennt werden,
    wobei die Zusammensetzung in Gegenwart von Anti-C.-pylori-Antikörpern einen Antigen/Antikörperkomplex bildet, worauf
    (iii) die Menge des während Schritt (ii) gebildeten Antigen/Antikörperkomplexes bestimmt wird.
  5. Diagnostischer Kit zum Nachweis von Antikörpern gegen Campylobacter pylori, wobei der Kit aufweist:
    eine Antigenzusammensetzung zum Nachweis des Vorliegens von Antikörpern gegen Campylobacter pylori, wobei die Zusammensetzung an Antigenfragmenten von Campylobacter pylori angereichert ist, die durch Elektrophorese auf Natriumdodecylsulfat-Polyacrylamidgel in Banden mit 63 000, 57 000 und 31 000 Dalton aufgetrennt werden, oder eine Antigenzusammensetzung zum Nachweis des Vorliegens von Antikörpern gegen Campylobacter pylori, wobei die Zusammensetzung an Campylobacter-pylori-Antigenen angereichert ist, die nach einem Verfahren erhältlich sind, bei dem:
    (a) durch Scheren mechanisch von C. pylori Antigene entfernt werden und
    (b) im Anschluß daran die Konzentration an Antigenen erhöht wird, die durch Elektrophorese auf Natriumdodecylsulfat-Polyacrylamidgel in Banden mit 63 000, 57 000 und 31 000 Dalton aufgetrennt werden,
    ein Mittel zum Inkontaktbringen der Antigenzusammensetzung mit einer Probe, die vermutlich die Antikörper enthält, so daß ein Antigen/Antikörperkomplex gebildet wird, wenn die Probe die Antikörper enthält, und ein Mittel zum Bestimmen der Menge des gebildeten Antigen/Antikörperkomplexes.
  6. Diagnostischer Kit zum Nachweis von Gastritis oder peptischer Ulcuskrankheit, wobei der Kit aufweist:
    eine Antigenzusammensetzung zum Nachweis des Vorliegens von Antikörpern gegen Campylobacter pylori, wobei die Zusammensetzung an Antigenfragmenten von Campylobacter pylori angereichert ist, die durch Elektrophorese auf Natriumdodecylsulfat-Polyacrylamidgel in Banden mit 63 000, 57 000 und 31 000 Dalton aufgetrennt werden, oder eine Antigenzusammensetzung zum Nachweis des Vorliegens von Antikörpern gegen Campylobacter pylori, wobei die Zusammensetzung an Campylobacter-pylori-Antigenen angereichert ist, die nach einem Verfahren erhältlich sind, bei dem:
    (a) durch Scheren mechanisch von C. pylori Antigene entfernt werden und
    (b) im Anschluß daran die Konzentration an Antigenen erhöht wird, die durch Elektrophorese auf Natriumdodecylsulfat-Polyacrylamidgel in Banden mit 63 000, 57 000 und 31 000 Dalton aufgetrennt werden,
    ein Mittel zum Inkontaktbringen der Antigenzusammensetzung mit einer Probe Körperflüssigkeit, die vermutlich die Antikörper gegen Campylobacter pylori enthält, so daß ein Antigen/Antikörperkomplex gebildet wird, wenn die Probe die Antikörper enthält, und ein Mittel zum Bestimmen der Menge des gebildeten Antigen/Antikörperkomplexes.
  7. Kit nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, wobei das Mittel zum Bestimmen markiertes Anti-IgM umfasst.
  8. Kit nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, wobei die Antigenzusammensetzung auf einem Substrat immobilisiert ist.
  9. Verfahren nach Anspruch Anspruch 3 oder 4, wobei die Probe Blut oder Serum ist.
  10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, wobei der Antigen/-Antikörperkomplex unter Verwendung eines markierten, für IgM spezifischen zweiten Antikörpers bestimmt wird.
EP89400464A 1988-02-18 1989-02-17 Antigene Zusammensetzungen aus Fragmenten von Campylobacter pylori und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und Verwendung Expired - Lifetime EP0329570B1 (de)

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