EP0329567B1 - Verfahren zum Strangpressen von Metall, insbesondere von Aluminium und Strangpresse zur Durchführung des Verfahrens - Google Patents

Verfahren zum Strangpressen von Metall, insbesondere von Aluminium und Strangpresse zur Durchführung des Verfahrens Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0329567B1
EP0329567B1 EP89400460A EP89400460A EP0329567B1 EP 0329567 B1 EP0329567 B1 EP 0329567B1 EP 89400460 A EP89400460 A EP 89400460A EP 89400460 A EP89400460 A EP 89400460A EP 0329567 B1 EP0329567 B1 EP 0329567B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
housing
extrusion
billet
inner face
container
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EP89400460A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0329567A1 (de
Inventor
Guy Bessey
Alain Noterman
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Clecim SAS
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Clecim SAS
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/21—Presses specially adapted for extruding metal
    • B21C23/218—Indirect extrusion presses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
    • B21C23/20—Making uncoated products by backward extrusion
    • B21C23/205—Making products of generally elongated shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C35/00—Removing work or waste from extruding presses; Drawing-off extruded work; Cleaning dies, ducts, containers, or mandrels
    • B21C35/04—Cutting-off or removing waste

Definitions

  • the subject of the invention is a metal spinning process by the reverse method, applicable especially to the spinning of aluminum and its alloys and also covers an improved spinning press for carrying out the process.
  • a metal billet is placed in a housing formed inside a container and closed, on one side, by a bottom and by the 'other, by a grain carrying a die and placed at the end of a rod called gland and capable of threading inside the housing so as to carry out the extrusion of metal by the die, forming a bar which is discharged through an opening in the axis of the gland.
  • the surface of the metal billets to be spun from the foundries may present, in particular in the case of aluminum, surface defects such as casting skin, segregation of alloying or addition elements, cold recovery etc .... These defects can be encountered over a certain thickness from the external face of the billet which can be, for example, of the order of 2 mm.
  • this elimination is carried out by peeling on a lathe. This process is effective but obviously increases production costs and requires turning facilities for the preparation of billets.
  • the outer layer is removed by scalping by passing the billet over blades which plan the outer face to the desired thickness. This process is faster than peeling but it must be carried out hot by means of a special device placed either between the billet heating furnace and the spinning press or directly on the press.
  • the thickness of metal to be removed must take into account the geometric tolerances on the diameter, the surface roughness, the thickness of the external layer having structural defects and the precision of the preparation device and it as a result, it is necessary to remove a relatively large thickness, up to 10 mm, which results in a large percentage of waste before loading into the press.
  • the loss on ignition during the remelting of filming waste is very significant.
  • the invention remedies these drawbacks by means of a method making it possible to eliminate the preliminary treatment for eliminating the outer layer and therefore to simplify the installation which must no longer include additional devices provided for this purpose.
  • the invention applies to a method of spinning metal by the reverse method, by extrusion through a die of a metal billet placed in a housing formed inside a container and closed on one side by a bottom and on the other by a grain carrying the die and mounted at the end of a fixed stuffer pierced with an axial orifice and capable of being threaded inside the housing by movement of the container and its bottom under the action of a main spinning cylinder, so as to produce, by extruding the metal in the die, the spinning of a bar , discharged through the ascending orifice (42) of the gland (40) process in which, during spinning, a clearance is left between the periphery of the die-holder grain and the internal face of the housing so as to form a jacket along said internal face and one then proceeds to a scraping of the housing.
  • raw foundry billets are used, without prior elimination of the external layer and the first clearance left between the periphery of the spinning grain and the internal face of the housing is determined so that the jacket has a sufficient thickness to encompass all the surface defects of the rough billet and the housing is scraped, after spinning, by means of a scraping grain whose periphery is separated from the internal face of the housing by a second clearance less than the thickness of the liner but sufficient for it to be simply planed over only part of its thickness and there remains, after scraping, a metal film of regular thickness covering the entire internal face of the housing, the new billet then being loaded into the container while remaining perfectly centered on the axis of the housing so that said film is not likely to be damaged during during loading.
  • This first clearance left between the periphery of the die holder die and the internal face of the housing is determined as a function of the diameter of the billet and can be between 1.5 mm and 4 mm approximately depending on the diameter.
  • the second clearance left between the periphery of the scraping grain and the face internal of the housing can be between 0.1 and 0.25 mm approximately.
  • the latter is kept perfectly centered on the axis of the housing so that the film left during the previous spinning is not likely to be damaged during loading.
  • the billet is first placed exactly in the spinning axis and pinched between the die holder grain and the closure bottom, the container then being slid on the billet.
  • the invention also covers a press for carrying out the method and which, being intended for spinning by the reverse method, comprises a fixed stuffer pierced with an axial orifice and over which the housing of a container is threaded in which the billet to be spun has been placed, the latter being compressed between the closure bottom of the container and a die-holder grain placed at the end of the gland, so that it is formed during spinning, along the internal face of the housing, a jacket encompassing the surface defects of the billet.
  • the press further comprises a means for cleaning the housing after the spinning comprising a scraping grain of the jacket capable of being threaded into the housing after the spinning.
  • the first clearance left between the periphery of the spinning grain and the internal face of the housing is determined so that the jacket has a thickness sufficient to encompass all the surface defects of the rough billet and the scraping grain has a diameter slightly smaller than that of the internal face of the housing so that it exists, between the periphery of said scraping grain and the internal face of the housing, a clearance less than the thickness of the jacket so that the latter is scraped inwards and over only part of its thickness, leaving behind, after scraping, a metal film of regular thickness and covering the whole of the internal face of the housing.
  • the scraping grain is mounted on a second gland capable of being placed in the spinning axis and of being threaded into the housing of the container by axial displacement in a direction of scraping and withdrawn in the opposite direction.
  • the scraping grain is coupled to the second gland so as to remain fixed at the end of the latter as well in the direction of scraping as in the direction of withdrawal and it has a variable diameter so that the clearance left between the periphery of said scraping grain and the internal face of the housing is smaller in the direction of scraping than in the direction of withdrawal.
  • the scraper grain preferably comprises a support body fixed to the end of the scraper plug and carrying on the side opposite to said scraper, a scraper segment in the form of an elastic ring cut by a slot centered in a radial plane and limited by two plane faces opening inwards towards V and between which engages an expansion wedge provided with bearing faces of corresponding inclination and slidingly mounted transversely on the support body, the latter being associated with means for controlling a transverse displacement of the corner towards the outside to determine the widening of the slot and the increase in the diameter of the scraper segment.
  • the scraper segment is provided, on its periphery, with a cutting edge for planing the jacket and it rests, via a smooth face perpendicular to the axis of the gland, on a smooth face corresponding formed at the end of the support body opposite the gland.
  • the scraper segment is secured in axial displacement with said support body by a retaining flange in the form of a U-shaped ring comprising two wings respectively engaging corresponding circular grooves formed on the segment and on the body of support, said flange being cut by a slot at the segment slot.
  • the means for controlling the transverse movement of the expansion wedge comprise an operating rod slidably mounted axially inside the support body and on which is formed a cam comprising a plane face inclined relative to the axis of the support body and cooperating with a flat face of corresponding inclination formed on the expansion corner so as to control the transverse movement of the latter towards the outside by axial movement of the operating rod.
  • FIG 1 there is shown, by way of simple example, the essential members of a spinning press by the reverse method which comprises a bed base 11 and a fixed cross member 12 connected together by columns 13 and between which are mounted sliding, parallel to the spinning direction, a container 2 and a movable cross member 30 actuated by a main spinning jack 14 bearing on the fixed cross member 12.
  • Auxiliary jacks 15 and 16 make it possible to maneuver the movable cross member 30 and a cross member respectively 20 carrying the container 2 without actuating the main cylinder 14.
  • the container 2 is pierced with a cylindrical housing 21 centered on a spinning axis 10 and capable of being closed at one end by a bottom 3 carried by the movable cross member 30.
  • a gland 40 consisting of a tubular column carrying at its free end a spinning grain 4 carrying a die 41.
  • the latter opens onto a bore 42 formed in the axis of the gland 40 and extended by a discharge orifice 17 passing through the bed base 11.
  • the assembly is centered on the axis of the housing 21 which constitutes the spinning axis 10.
  • a billet 5 of metal to be spun is placed inside the housing 21 of the container 2 closed on one side by the bottom 3 carried by the movable cross member 30.
  • the main cylinder 14 pushes the movable cross member 30 towards the bed base 11 by driving the container, the billet 5 is compressed between the container bottom 3 and the die 41 carried by the spinning grain 4 on which s progressively threads the housing 21 of the container driven by the movable cross member 30. This results in an extrusion of the metal from the billet 5 which forms a profile discharged through the aligned orifices 42 and 17.
  • the press is provided with a shear 23 slidably mounted along the rear face of the container 2 and adjustable stops 61 for limiting the advancement of the container.
  • the spinning gland 40 is associated with a second gland 70 offset laterally and carrying a scraping grain 7; the two pluggers are fixed on a support 6 slidingly mounted on the internal face of the bed base 11 and actuated by a jack 62 making it possible to place one or the other of the two pluggers 40 and 70 in the spinning axis 10.
  • the container 2 After shearing the base, the container 2 is moved back, the second gland 70 is placed in the spinning axis and the container is again advanced.
  • the scraping grain 7, which has a diameter equal to that of the housing 21 is threaded into the latter by pushing back the metal jacket so as to clean the internal face of the housing 21.
  • the invention uses such arrangements but by adapting them in a way which makes it possible to use for the spinning of raw billets.
  • FIG 2 there is shown, in 1/2 partial section and on an enlarged scale, a billet 5 in the raw state.
  • This latter has on its periphery surface defects which can be encountered on an outer layer 54 of thickness (a).
  • the side wall 55 of the billet is not perfectly smooth or straight. Therefore, to remove all of these defects, by peeling or scalping, it is necessary to reduce the diameter of the billet 5 to a thickness (b).
  • the billet 5 is shown after tamping in the housing 21 of the container 2.
  • the method according to the invention makes it possible to reduce the diameter of the billet 5 only over a thickness (a ′ ) substantially equal to the thickness (a) of the outer layer 55 which may include defects.
  • FIGS. 4 to 11 show the different stages of the process.
  • Figure 4 shows the introduction into the container 2, of a new billet 5 which, as indicated, is used in the raw state.
  • a known process known as pinching the billet is used for this purpose.
  • the loading operation begins after the container has been cleaned, that is to say after the container 2 has been threaded onto the gland 70 carrying the scraping grain 7.
  • the movable cross member 30 has been moved away from the container by a greater distance to the length of the billet and a new billet 5 was brought into the spinning axis by a loading shovel 53 which positions the billet 5 between the scraping grain 7 and the bottom of container 3 so that it is exactly centered on the spinning axis 10.
  • the billet 5 is clamped between the bottom of the container 3 and the scraping grain 7, in the position shown in FIG. 4.
  • the loading shovel 53 can then be removed without the billet risk of moving, then backing the container 2 towards the movable cross member 30 by means of its operating jacks 16 so that the housing 21 of the container slides onto the billet 5.
  • This introduction can be done easily and without the billet comes into contact with the wall 21 of the housing since it is kept centered and clamped between the grain 7 and the bottom of the container 3.
  • the container 2 ′ shown in dashed lines in FIG. 4 is applied to stops 31 of the movable cross member 30.
  • the billet 5 is then completely threaded into the housing 21.
  • packing of the billet is then carried out inside the housing 21 by applying significant pressure to the movable cross member 30.
  • the billet 5, compressed between the bottom 3 and the scraping grain 7 decreases slightly in length while its diameter increases and its peripheral surface is applied strongly against the internal face 22 of the housing 21.
  • a new spinning grain 4 is placed opposite the gland 40 by means of a loading member. 43 then a new advance is commanded towards the bed base 11 of the movable cross member 30 which drives the container 2 and the spinning grain 4. The latter is applied on one side to the billet 5 and is threaded from the another on a suitable support provided at the end of the gland 40.
  • FIG. 7 represents the spinning in progress and it is seen in particular how the extrusion is formed.
  • profiled bar 50 which is discharged through the axial orifice 41 of the gland 40.
  • the die-holder grain 4 is given an outside diameter (D1) much smaller than that (D2) of the internal face 22 of the housing 21.
  • D1 outside diameter
  • D2 internal face 22 of the housing 21.
  • this clearance (C) is calculated from so that the thickness (a ′) of the jacket 51 thus formed is at least equal to the thickness (a) of the outer layer (54) of the billet (5) capable of encompassing surface defects.
  • This thickness (a) which must be eliminated can be between 1 and 4 mm depending on the diameter of the billet.
  • the thickness (a ′) of the jacket will therefore be determined in this interval as a function of the diameter of the billet and it can be seen that it can be much less than the thickness (b) of metal which had to be removed in the usual processes and which could go up to 10 mm.
  • this removal is carried out before the introduction of the billet into the housing and it is therefore necessary to take into account not only the depth (a) up to which surface defects can be found but also surface defects and defects of straightness of the billet.
  • a billet in the raw state is introduced into the housing 21 and of which, consequently, the external face (55) can not not be smooth or straight but this does not have any disadvantages since thanks to the pinching technique, the billet 5 is perfectly centered during its introduction into the container 2 and that the packing carried out then makes it possible to apply the periphery exactly of the billet on the internal face 22 of the housing 21. Therefore, as can be seen in FIG. 3, the external layer 55 to be eliminated in turn becomes rectilinear and its thickness (a ′) depends only on the importance of the surface defects and the thickness of a metal film 52 which will be discussed later. This is a first advantage of the invention.
  • the jacket 51 thus formed along the housing has a thickness much greater than that which is usually formed and it follows that the annular section of metal between the periphery of the grain 4 and the housing 21 approaches and can even exceed the section of the bar extruded by the die 41. One might then fear that the metal is preferably extruded from the periphery.
  • Another characteristic of the invention, set out below, makes it possible to avoid this drawback.
  • the container 2 is advanced to adjustable stops 61 whose advancement is determined, as shown in FIG. 8, so that, when the container 2 comes into abutment, its rear side is aligned with the front side of the die 4 which protrudes before only the base 56.
  • a shears 23 is then moved along the rear face of the container which cuts the base 56 by separating it from the bar 50 and the liner 51. The base 56 and the bar 50 are then removed and it does not remains more in the housing 21 than the thick jacket 51.
  • the stops 61 are then moved back and the container 2 is advanced so as to release the spinning grain 4 which can be removed by means of a recovery shovel 24.
  • the scraper grain 7 mounted on the second gland 70 is then brought into the spinning axis 10.
  • the scraping grain 7 which will be described in detail below has the particularity of being coupled to its gland 70 and also of being expandable so as to present in the direction of scraping a larger diameter than in the direction of withdrawal.
  • the diameter of the grain 7 is indeed slightly smaller than the diameter of the housing 21 so that there is between the periphery of the grain 7 and the internal face of the housing 21 a clearance (d) which can be understood, for example, between 0.1 and 0.25 mm depending on the case.
  • This clearance (d) is therefore greater than the simple sliding clearance which is usually left between the scraping grain and the internal face of the housing and that is normally sought to reduce to a minimum so that the scraping grain performs a complete cleaning of the housing.
  • the scraping grain 7 does not completely push the jacket 51 out of the housing but only planes its internal part leaving a metal film 52 along the internal face 22 of the housing, the thickness of which therefore corresponds substantially to the second clearance (d) left between the scraping grain and the side wall of the housing.
  • This clearance (d) will be determined in particular taking into account the nature of the metal so that the film thus left does not risk tearing at the time of scraping and on the contrary entirely covers the side wall of the housing 21.
  • the container 2 is therefore completely threaded on the gland 70 in the position shown in FIG. 4 and the cycle can be resumed by bringing a new billet 5 between the scraping grain 7 and the bottom of container 3.
  • the pinching technique for loading the billet it is perfectly centered on the spinning axis.
  • the clamping pressure necessary to maintain it it is possible, by means described below, to control a reduction in the diameter of the scraping grain 7 when the container is moved back after the scraping so that the removal of the scraping grain 7 does not risk damaging the film 52 left along the side wall of the housing.
  • the scraping grain 7 is coupled to its gland 70 which allows it to be kept exactly in the axis of the housing both in the scraping direction and in the withdrawal direction. Therefore, the grain is not likely to rest on the bottom of the housing 21 and the film 52 formed during scraping has a perfectly regular thickness.
  • FIGS. 12 to 14 which, however, are given only by way of non-limiting example, other embodiments can obviously be imagined to obtain the same result.
  • Figure 12 there is shown in longitudinal section the scraper grain in its two positions, respectively in the expanded position on the upper half-cut and in the necked position on the lower half-cut.
  • Figure 13 which is a cross-sectional view along the line AA of Figure 12
  • Figure 14 which is a top view, show the grain 7 in the expanded position on the lower part and in the position of shrunk on the upper part.
  • the scraping grain consists essentially of a segment 7 mounted at the end of a tubular body 71 having, on the side of the gland 70, a threaded bore 72 engages on a corresponding thread 72 ′ of the gland 70.
  • the segment 7 is constituted by an elastic ring cut by a slot 73 centered in a radial plane P1 passing through the axis of the gland and limited by two plane faces 74, 74 ′ inclined symmetrically with respect to the plane P1 so as to open inward V.
  • the scraper segment 7 is provided, on the side opposite the gland 70, with a cutting edge 75 and is supported, by means of a smooth face 76, on the end of the support body 71 with which it is secured in axial displacement by a retaining flange 77 with a U-section comprising two wings respectively engaging in corresponding circular grooves 78, 78 ′ formed respectively on the segment 7 and on the support body 71 and the depth of which is determined so as to leave a radial clearance which allows a slight variation in diameter of segment 7.
  • the retaining flange 77 is advantageously made in two parts placed on either side of the plane P and the ends 77 ′ of which are separated by a free space at the level of the slot 73 of the segment 7.
  • segment 7 The variation in diameter of segment 7 is controlled by an expansion wedge 8 which is interposed between the two end faces 74, 74 ′ of the scraper segment 7 on which it is supported by faces 81, 81 ′ likewise tilt. In this way, a radial displacement towards the outside or towards the inside of the wedge 8 determines the expansion or, respectively, the narrowing of the segment 7.
  • the corner 8 is provided towards the inside with a flat face 82 inclined with respect to the axis 10 of the gland and cooperating with a face 90 of the same inclination formed on a cam 9 on which the corner 8 is applied. inwards due to the elasticity of segment 7 and the V-shaped inclination towards faces 74, 74 ′.
  • the cam 9 is fixed to a control part 91 provided with an enlarged part 92 which can slide axially in a bore 93 formed in the support body 71, along a guide ring 94 ensuring a smooth sliding.
  • the cam 9 is placed in a longitudinal groove 95 formed in the enlarged part 92 and limited by two flat faces 96, 96 ′ along which side faces 85, 85 ′ can slide radially guiding the expansion wedge 8.
  • the control piece 91 is threaded and fixed on an operating rod 97 slidably mounted in an axial bore 79 of the gland 70 and connected to the rod of a jack 98 housed in the support 61.
  • the axial displacement of the control piece 91 under the action of the jack 98 determines, by means of the wedge 8, the expansion or constriction of the scraper segment 7, the external profile of the expansion wedge 8 being determined so as to ensure the continuity of the two branches of the scraper segment 7 in the expansion position 8.
  • the end faces of the corner 8, of the segment 7 and of the operating part 91 are placed in the same plane P2 perpendicular to the axis 10 so as to constitute a smooth face 86 for the packing of the billet.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
  • Inorganic Fibers (AREA)

Claims (14)

1. Verfahren zum Stramgpressen von Metall nach der Rückwärtsmethode, durch Extrudieren in einer Matrize (41) von einem Pressbolzen (5) aus Metall, der in einer innen in einen Aufnehmer (2) befindlichen Aufnahme (21) eingesetzt ist und auf der einen Seite durch einen Boden (3) und auf der anderen durch eine die Matrize (41) tragende Pressschefbe (4) verschlossen ist, die am Ende eines mit einer Axialöffnung (42) versehenen Pressenstempels (40) montiert ist, der durch Verschiebung des Aufnehmers (2) mit dessen Boden (3) unter der Wirkung eines Hauptzylinders (14) innen in die Aufnahme (21) hineindringen kann, um somit durch Extrudieren in einer Matrize das Pressen eines Stranges (50) bewirkt, der durch die Axialöffnung (42) des Pressenstempels (40) entfernt wird, Verfahren bei welchem ein gewisses Spiel (c) zwischen der Peripherie der Matrizenhalter-Pressscheibe (4) und der Innenfläche (22) der Aufnahme (21) zur Bildung einer Schale (51) entlang dieser Innenfläche (22) beim Strangpressen besteht und dann ein Schaben der Aufnahme (21) vorgenommen wird, wobei das Verfahren dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass rohgegossene Pressbolzen ohne vorherige Beseitigung der Aussenhaut zum Einsatz kommen, und dass das zwischen der Peripherie der Pressscheibe und der Innenfläche der Aufnahme (21) bestehende ersie Spiel (c) so bestimmt wird, dass die Schale (51) eine ausreichende Dicke (a′) aufweist, um sämtliche Oberflächenfehler des rohen Pressbolzens einzuschliessen, und dass hach dem Strangpressen ein Schaben der Aufnahme (21) mit einer Schabscheibe (7) durchgeführt wird, deren Peripherie von der Innenfläche (22) der Aufnahme (21) durch ein zweites Spiel (d) getrennt ist, das kleiner als die Dicke der Schale (51) ist, jedoch ausreicht damit dieses nur an einem Teil seiner Dicke einfach abgeschabt wird, und dass nach dem Schaben eine die gasamte Innenfläche (22) der Aufnahme (21) überdeckende Metallhaut (52) mit regelmässiger Dicke bestehen bleibt, wobei der neue Pressbolzen (5) unter einwandfreier Zentrierung in der Achse (10) der Aufnahme (21) alsdann in den Aufnehmer (2) geladen wird , so dass keine Beschädigungsgefahr der Haut (52) beim Laden besteht.
2. Verfahren zum Strangpressen nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das zwischen der Peripherie der Pressscheibe (4) und der Innenfläche (22) der Aufnahme (21) bestehende erste Spiel (c) dem Durchmesser des Pressbolzen entsprechend bestimmt wird und 1,5 bis 4 mm beträgt.
3. Verfahren zum Strangpressen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das zwischen der Peripherie der Schabscheibe (7) und der Innenfläche (22) der Aufnahme (21) bestehende zweite Spiel (d) 0,1 bis 0,25 mm beträgt.
4. Verfahren zum Strangpressen nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zum Laden in den Aufnehmer (2) der Pressbolzen (5) zuerst in der Strangpressachse genau angeordnet und zwischen der Schabscheibe (7) und dem Verschliessboden (3) geklemmt wird, wobei der Aufnehmer dann über den Pressbolzen (5) durch axiales Gleiten geschoben wird.
5. Verfahren zum Strangpressen nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, das es zum Strangpressen von Aluminium und dessen Legierungen zum Einsatz kommt.
6. Strangpresse für Metall nach der Rückwärtsmethode, bestehend aus einem feststehenden Presssenstempel (40) mit einer auf eine Strangpressachse (10) zentrierte Öffnung (42), der an einem Ende auf einem Balken (11) abgestützt ist und an seinem anderen Ende eine auf einer Pressscheibe (4) montierten Matrize (41), einem Aufnehmer (2), in welchem eine zylindrische auf die Strangpressachse (10) zentrierte Aufnahme (21) angeordnet ist, und sich auf der dem Pressenstempel (40) entgegengesetzten Seite auf einer beweglichen Traverse (30) abstützt, welche einen Schliessboden (3) der Aufnahme (21) trägt sowie (53) zum Laden eines Pressbolzens (5) aus Strangpressmetall in die Aufnahme (21) des Aufnehmers (2) und mindestens ein Zylinder (14) zum Verfahren der beweglichen Traverse (30) und des Aufnahmers (2) hin zum stationären Pressenstempel zwecks Strangpressen durch Extrudierung des Pressbolzens (5) in der Matrize (41) eines Metallstranges (50), der durch die Axialöffnung (42) des Pressenstempels (40) entfernt wird, und ein Mittel zum Schaben der Aufnahme (21) nach dem Strangpressen, bestehend aus einer auf einem Pressenstempel (70) montierten Schabscheibe (7), die in die Aufnahme (21) eingeführt werden kann, wobei die Pressscheibe (4) einen kleineren Durchmesser (D1) als derjenige (D2) der Innenfläche (22) der Aufnahme (21) aufweist, so dass ein erstes Spiel (c) besteht, um entlang der Innenfläche (22) der Aufnahme (21) beim Strangpressen eine Schale (51) zu bilden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass, da rohgegossene Pressbolzen ohne vorherige Beseitigung der Aussenhaut zum Einsatz kommen, das zwischen der Peripherie der Pressscheibe (4) und der Innenfläche der Aufnahme (21) bestehende erste Spiel (c) so bestimmt wird, dass die Schale (51) eine ausreichende Dicke (a′) aufweist, um sämtliche Oberflächenfehler des rohen Pressbolzens einzuschliessen, und dass die Schabscheibe (7) einen etwas kleineren Durchmesser (D3) als derhenige (D2) der Innenfläche (22) der Aufnahme (21) aufweist, so dass zwischen der Peripherie der Schabscheibe (7) und der Innenfläche (22) der Aufnahme (21) eine zweites Spiel (d) besteht, das kleiner ist als das erste Spiel (c), jedoch ausreicht damit die Schale (51) nach innen und nur auf einem Teil seiner Dicke geschabt wird, um somit eine Metallhaut (52) von regelmässiger Dicke nach dem Schaben bestehen zu lassen, welche die gesamte Innenfläche (22) der Aufnahme (21) überdeckt.
7. Strangpresse nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das erste Spiel (c) zwischen der Pressscheibe (4) und der Innenfläche (22) der Aufnahme (21) entsprechend dem Pressbolzendurchmesser in einem Bereich von ca. 1,4 bis 4 mm bestimmt wird.
8. Strangpresse nach einem der Ansprüche 6 und 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das zweite Spiel (d) zwischen der Schabscheibe (7) und der Innenfläche (22) der Aufnahme (21) bei 0,1 bis 0,25 mm liegt.
9. Strangpresse nach Anspruch 6, bei welcher die Schabscheibe (7) auf einem zweiten Pressenstempel (70) montiert ist, der in die Strangpressachse (10) gefahren und durch Axialverschiebung in der Schabrichtung und durch Rückzug in entgegengesetzter Richtung in die Aufnahme (21) des Aufnehmers (2) eingeführt werden kann, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schabscheibe (7) derart mit ihrem Pressenstempel (70) gekoppelt ist, dass sie an Ende desselben sowohl in der Schabrichtung als auch in der Rücklaufrichtung befestigt bleibt, und dass sie einen variablen Durchmesser (D3) aufweist, so dass das zweite Spiel (d) zwischen der Peripherie dieser Schabscheibe (7) und der Innenfläche (22) der Aufnahme (21) in der Schabrichtung kleiner ist als in der Rücklaufrichtung.
10. Strangpresse nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schabscheibe (7) ein am Ende des Schabstempels (70) befestigten Haltekörper (71) umfasst, der diesem Stempel entgegengesetzten Seite ein als elastischer Ring ausgebildetes Schabsegment (7′) mit einem Schlitz (73) trägt, der in einer radialen Ebene P1 zentriert ist und durch zwei nach innen V förmig sich öffnenden Planflächen (74, 74′) begrenzt ist, zwischen denen ein Spreizkeil (8) mit entsprechend geneigten Stützflächen (81, 81′) eingeführt wird und auf dem Haltekörper (71) in Querrichtung gleitbar montiert ist, wobei diesem zur Querverschiebung nach aussen des Keils (8) Betätigungsmittel zugeordnet sind, um die Erweiterung des Spaltes (73) und die Durchmesservergrösserung des Schabringes (7′) zu bestimmen.
11. Strangpresse nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Schabring (7′) an seiner peripherie eine Schabschneidkante (75) für die Schale (51) aufweist und sich über eine zur Achse des Stempels (70) senkrechte glatte Fläche auf einer entsprechenden, am Ende des Haltekörpers (71) angeordneten, dem Stempel (70) entgegengesetzten Ende, glatten Fläche (76) abstütst, wobei der Schabring (7′) in Axialverschiebung mit diesem Haltekörper (71) über einen mit U förmigem Querschnitt als Ring ausgebildeten Bund (77) fest verbunden ist, der zwei Flügel aufweist, die jeweils im entsprechende auf den Ring (7′) bzw. dem Haltekörper (71) angeordneten, kreisförmigen Rillen (78,78′) eingeführt werden, wobei dieser Bund (77) zwei gegenüberliegende Ende (77′) umfasst, die durch einen dem Schlitz (73) des Ringes (7′) entsprechenden Raum getrennt sind.
12. Strangpresse nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Betätigungsmittel für die Querverschiebung des Spreizkeils (8) aus einer Nockenscheibe (9) mit einer zur Achse (10) geneigten Planfläche (90) besteht, welche mit einer entsprechend geneigten, an dem Spreizkeil angeordneten (8) Planfläche (82) zusammenwirkt, wobei diese Nockenscheibe an einem in einer axialen Bohrung (93) des Haltekörpers (71) gleitbar montierten Steuerungsteil (91, 92) befestigt ist, um somit die Querverschiebung des Haltekörpers nach aussen durch axiale Bewegung der Betätigungsstange zu bewirken.
13. Strangpresse nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Spreizkeil (8) in einer in einem erweiterten Teil (92) des Betätigungteils (91) angeordneten Spaltes (95) in Querrichtung gleitbar montiert ist, der durch zwei zur Achse (10) parallelen Planflächen (96, 96′) begrenzt ist, die mit entsprechenden Seitenflächen (85, 85′) des Spreizkeiles (8) zusammenwirken.
14. Strangpresse nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Steuerteil (91, 92) durch eine in einer axialen Bohrung des Stempels (70) gleitbar montierten Betätigungsstange (97) betätigt wird, die mit der Stange eines Zylinders (98) zur Steuerung der axialen Bewegung verbunden ist.
EP89400460A 1988-02-19 1989-02-17 Verfahren zum Strangpressen von Metall, insbesondere von Aluminium und Strangpresse zur Durchführung des Verfahrens Expired - Lifetime EP0329567B1 (de)

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AT89400460T ATE79573T1 (de) 1988-02-19 1989-02-17 Verfahren zum strangpressen von metall, insbesondere von aluminium und strangpresse zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens.

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FR8802035 1988-02-19
FR8802035A FR2627405B1 (fr) 1988-02-19 1988-02-19 Procede de filage de metal, specialement d'aluminium, et presse de filage pour la mise en oeuvre du procede

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EP0329567B1 true EP0329567B1 (de) 1992-08-19

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2165778A1 (de) 2008-09-23 2010-03-24 Behr GmbH & Co. KG Herstellungsverfahren, Strangpresse und Matrize für ein Strangpress-Hohlprofil sowie Strangpress-Hohlprofil und Wärmetauscher mit einem Strangpress-Hohlprofil

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB8829507D0 (en) * 1988-12-17 1989-02-01 Aluminium Shapes Ltd Method and apparatus for extrusion
DE112012000417A5 (de) * 2011-01-07 2013-10-02 Sms Meer Gmbh Indirekte Strangpresse und Verfahren zum indirekten Strangpressen
RU2491146C1 (ru) * 2012-06-29 2013-08-27 Открытое акционерное общество "Всероссийский институт легких сплавов" (ОАО "ВИЛС") СПОСОБ ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ ТОНКОСТЕННЫХ ТРУБ ИЗ ВЫСОКОПРОЧНЫХ АЛЮМИНИЕВЫХ СПЛАВОВ СИСТЕМЫ Al-Zn-Mg-Cu, ЛЕГИРОВАННЫХ СКАНДИЕМ И ЦИРКОНИЕМ
DE102013008345A1 (de) * 2013-05-16 2014-11-20 Sms Meer Gmbh Verfahren zum Betreiben einer indirekten Strangpresse und indirekte Strangpresse
CN103736771A (zh) * 2013-12-31 2014-04-23 广西南南铝加工有限公司 一种挤压机用的挤压筒
CN112157136B (zh) * 2020-09-10 2022-04-01 慈溪市金威铜业有限公司 一种铜线生产线及其制造工艺
CN116422724B (zh) * 2023-06-14 2023-08-18 广东省亿豪铝业科技有限公司 一种铝型材成型装置

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US3563079A (en) * 1968-11-21 1971-02-16 Reynolds Metals Co Indirect extrusion with skull skimming
US3630064A (en) * 1969-10-20 1971-12-28 Aluminum Co Of America Flexing die member for indirect extrusion
AT308496B (de) * 1971-06-16 1973-07-10 Vmw Ranshofen Berndorf Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Strangpressen und Ausstoßen
FR2148704A5 (en) * 1971-07-30 1973-03-23 Trefimetaux Press piece - for indirect extrusion press
FR2305249A1 (fr) * 1975-03-27 1976-10-22 Secim Perfectionnements aux procedes de filage en inverse et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procede

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2165778A1 (de) 2008-09-23 2010-03-24 Behr GmbH & Co. KG Herstellungsverfahren, Strangpresse und Matrize für ein Strangpress-Hohlprofil sowie Strangpress-Hohlprofil und Wärmetauscher mit einem Strangpress-Hohlprofil
DE102008048576A1 (de) 2008-09-23 2010-03-25 Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg Herstellungsverfahren, Strangpresse und Matrize für ein Strangpress-Hohlprofil sowie Strangpress-Hohlprofil und Wärmetauscher mit einem Strangpress-Hohlprofil

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EP0329567A1 (de) 1989-08-23
ATE79573T1 (de) 1992-09-15
US4989437A (en) 1991-02-05
FR2627405A1 (fr) 1989-08-25
FR2627405B1 (fr) 1994-04-29
DE68902492T2 (de) 1993-02-04
DE68902492D1 (de) 1992-09-24

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