EP0328996A1 - Method and apparatus for cleaning of spent anodes - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for cleaning of spent anodes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0328996A1 EP0328996A1 EP19890102083 EP89102083A EP0328996A1 EP 0328996 A1 EP0328996 A1 EP 0328996A1 EP 19890102083 EP19890102083 EP 19890102083 EP 89102083 A EP89102083 A EP 89102083A EP 0328996 A1 EP0328996 A1 EP 0328996A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- anode
- board
- cleaning
- impact
- grate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
- C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
- C25C3/12—Anodes
- C25C3/125—Anodes based on carbon
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for cleaning of spent anodes and more particularly, the cleaning of prebaked anode butts (residues) from an electrolytic smelting process for aluminium production.
- a prebaked anode consists of an already calcined carbon block provided with holes in the top where an aluminium/steel current-providing rod is fastened to the anode by means of cast iron or so-called rodding-mix.
- the anode rod normally consists of from 2 to 6 vertical cylindrical steel nipples connected together by a top steel cross-bar which in turn is connected to a vertical aluminium rod.
- the carbon blocks are consumed during the electrolysis process, and consequently each of the 20-30 anodes in the electrolysis cell has to be replaced when the anode thickness is reduced to approximately 20% of its original height.
- the top of the anode block is then covered by a thick layer of solidified bath which sticks to the above mentioned nipples and between the carbon block and the steel cross-bar.
- This bath layer crust
- consisting of a solidified mixture having variable content of cryolite, aluminium fluoride and alumina can be extremely hard. Both bath material and carbon residues have to be separately recovered for recycling in the electrolysis process.
- Another object of the invention is to provide an apparatus and a method satisfying the strict environmental requirements with regard to the dust and noise level in workshops.
- the disclosed cleaning machine is situated in a closed chamber 10 built of sound-insulating material and provided with a powerful vent-hood (not shown on the Figures), so that the machine is noise- and dust-insulated from the surroundings.
- the anode rod assembly 1 comprising an aluminium rod 11, attached to carriers in an overhead conveyor is fed into the cleaning chamber.
- the aluminium rod 11 is connected to a steel cross-bar 12, provided with welded nipples 13, embedded by solidified bath 21, on the top of the anode butt 2.
- a clamping device 3 grasps the aluminium rod and provides transport and alignment of the anode assembly through the machine in the cleaning chamber.
- the cleaning machine itself comprises an impact tool 7, a dolly 4 provided with an aligning arm 6 and a vertically movable grate board 5 providing support for the anode during the cleaning operation.
- the impact tool 7 is illustrated on the Figure as a pendulous hammer, e.g. pneumatically powered hammer.
- the lower part of the chamber is intentionally narrowed into a hopper and terminated by transport means, e.g. a conveyor 9 for removal of bath lumps from the disintegrated bath layer 21.
- transport means e.g. a conveyor 9 for removal of bath lumps from the disintegrated bath layer 21.
- Fig. 2 shows the machine in a longitudinal cross-section taken along the line I-I in Fig. 1 and illustrates in more details a preferred embodiment of the grate board and the pendulous hammer 7.
- the hammers are shown as two separate oscillating hammers which aim their impact outside of the three steel nipples 13 connected to the cross-bar 12 being in its turn attached to the rod 11, and at the solidified bath surrounding the nipples between the cross-bar and the anode butt.
- the impact surfaces 71 of the hammers have a butt configuration without any acute or oblong parties so that the impact energy of the hammers is fully utilized.
- the vertically movable board 5 is intentionally designed as a grate or gitter. Some of the gitter parts are furthermore intentionally provided as longitudinally extending ribs 53 protruding in the vertical direction so that during the downward movement of the board these ribs will co-operate with a stationary grate and break any possible larger lumps of the disintegrated bath layer.
- Anode butts 2 are fastened through their aluminium rods 11 to a transport means, e.g. suspended rails which convey the anodes into the closed chamber 10.
- Clamping device 3 grasps the aluminium rod and pulls the anode passing a rotating tool, e.g. a milling cutter, which removes possible bath depositions from the cross-bar 12 on its dolly side.
- Fig. 3 illustrates schematically the rotating device 18 comprising several parallel arranged and vertically adapted rotating discs to provide a profiled groove along the cross-bar 12 and the nipples 13 in the bath layer 21 so that the dolly 4 can be aligned close to the nipples under the disintegration step of the operation.
- a restraining arm 6 grasps the cross-bar 12 on the hanger 1 and simultaneously the grate board 5 lifts the anode against the restraining arm which clamps the cross-bar against the dolly 4. In this manner a proper fixation of the anode butt, both vertically and horizontally, is achieved.
- the dolly is dimensioned with regard to the applied impact force of the impact tool (the hammers) and is shielded from vibration by means of inserted blocks 42.
- the two shown pneumatic hammers 7 are sequence controlled and each hammer has its individual steering with regard to the number of strokes against the solidified bath 21 between the cross-bar 12 and the anode 2. Because of the butt shape of the impact surfaces of the hammers the impact energy of the oscillating hammers is exploited maximally.
- the bath layer 21 is disintegrated and thrown outside of the anode and the grate board 5, being collected in the hopper shaped lower part of the chamber 10 and conveyed out of the chamber, e.g. by means of a conveyor 9.
- the restraining arm 6 is released from the cross-bar, the grate board 5 goes down and simultaneously larger bath lumps being retained on the stationary grate 55 are crushed under the movement of the board.
- the anode is released from the fastening means 3 and is conveyed further inwardly into the chamber or to a next chamber for a possible additional post-cleaning step by means of conventional means like sand blasting, rotating brushes etc.
- the tilting board 8 is turned to a horizontal position.
- the grate board is elevated to a level corresponding to the surface of the tilting board and a pusher 15 transfers possible broken carbon pieces from the anode on the tilting board.
- the pusher, the grate board and the tilting board are retracted to their start positions, the carbon rests fall down on a conveyor or a hopper (not shown on the Figures) and the machine is automatically reset to receive the next anode.
- the apparatus hereby automatically ensures an efficient separation of bath residues from the carbon residues which currently represents a problem for the hitherto known cleaning installations and machines.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for cleaning of spent anodes and more particularly, the cleaning of prebaked anode butts (residues) from an electrolytic smelting process for aluminium production.
- A prebaked anode consists of an already calcined carbon block provided with holes in the top where an aluminium/steel current-providing rod is fastened to the anode by means of cast iron or so-called rodding-mix. The anode rod normally consists of from 2 to 6 vertical cylindrical steel nipples connected together by a top steel cross-bar which in turn is connected to a vertical aluminium rod.
- The carbon blocks are consumed during the electrolysis process, and consequently each of the 20-30 anodes in the electrolysis cell has to be replaced when the anode thickness is reduced to approximately 20% of its original height. The top of the anode block is then covered by a thick layer of solidified bath which sticks to the above mentioned nipples and between the carbon block and the steel cross-bar. This bath layer (crust), consisting of a solidified mixture having variable content of cryolite, aluminium fluoride and alumina, can be extremely hard. Both bath material and carbon residues have to be separately recovered for recycling in the electrolysis process.
- The conventional method used for breaking down this crust layer is to apply pneumatic chisel machines, quite often manually operated. This is hard work where the chisel is partly used as a crowbar and furthermore, the method involves considerable environmental problems in the form of dust and noise. Consequently, several types of both stationary and mobile cleaning installations and devices have recently been developed in order to mechanize the cleaning of anode butts. These installations/equipment are based on different principles with regard to disintegration and removal of the solidified bath. All the hitherto known mechanized systems are, however, characterized by one or several serious drawbacks. E.g. the use of hydraulic pressure results in a complicated apparatus design where the steel nipples themselves are applied as a dolly during the cleaning operation. Because of the relatively large loads being applied there is a danger for deformation of the anode rod assembly, damaged welded joints between the Al-rod and the cross-bar etc. Milling cutters and chisel machines give a high noise level and dust formation. The light weight mobile cleaning machines, can only remove a warm bath layer from the anode butts immediately after their removal from the electrolysis cells, or possibly a porous bath layer. A common drawback for all known machines is low reliability of service, complicated designs and no possibility for an automatic cleaning operation.
- It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus and a method for cleaning of anode butts which overcome the above drawbacks, the apparatus having a simple and sturdy construction, high efficiency and where the cleaning operation can be conducted automatically.
- Another object of the invention is to provide an apparatus and a method satisfying the strict environmental requirements with regard to the dust and noise level in workshops.
- These objects are achieved according to the invention by providing a stationary apparatus completely encapsulated and based on application of an impact tool which under pendulous movement disintegrates and removes the solidified bath layer on the anode butts.
- These and other characteristic features of the invention will be more apparent from the following description, patent claims and accompanying drawings, Figs. 1-3, where
- Fig. 1 shows schematically and in a cross-section, a preferred embodiment of an apparatus for cleaning of anode butts,
- Fig. 2 shows the apparatus in a cross-sectional longitudinal view taken along line I-I in Fig. 1, and
- Fig. 3 illustrates schematically a rotating device applied to provide a profiled notch in the bath material adjacent to the anode cross-bar.
- The disclosed cleaning machine is situated in a closed
chamber 10 built of sound-insulating material and provided with a powerful vent-hood (not shown on the Figures), so that the machine is noise- and dust-insulated from the surroundings. A spentanode 2 having asolidified bath layer 21 on the top, as shown in Fig. 1, is fastened and ready for the cleaning operation. - The anode rod assembly 1, comprising an
aluminium rod 11, attached to carriers in an overhead conveyor is fed into the cleaning chamber. Thealuminium rod 11 is connected to asteel cross-bar 12, provided withwelded nipples 13, embedded bysolidified bath 21, on the top of theanode butt 2. Aclamping device 3, grasps the aluminium rod and provides transport and alignment of the anode assembly through the machine in the cleaning chamber. - The cleaning machine itself comprises an
impact tool 7, adolly 4 provided with an aligningarm 6 and a verticallymovable grate board 5 providing support for the anode during the cleaning operation. Theimpact tool 7 is illustrated on the Figure as a pendulous hammer, e.g. pneumatically powered hammer. - The lower part of the chamber is intentionally narrowed into a hopper and terminated by transport means, e.g. a
conveyor 9 for removal of bath lumps from the disintegratedbath layer 21. A specially designed accessory device for removal of possible broken anode pieces from thegrate board 5 consists of a tipping board and apusher 15. Their function and mode of operation will be described in more detail in connection with a detailed description of the method for cleaning of the anode butts. - Fig. 2 shows the machine in a longitudinal cross-section taken along the line I-I in Fig. 1 and illustrates in more details a preferred embodiment of the grate board and the
pendulous hammer 7. The hammers are shown as two separate oscillating hammers which aim their impact outside of the threesteel nipples 13 connected to thecross-bar 12 being in its turn attached to therod 11, and at the solidified bath surrounding the nipples between the cross-bar and the anode butt. It should be noted that theimpact surfaces 71 of the hammers have a butt configuration without any acute or oblong parties so that the impact energy of the hammers is fully utilized. - The vertically
movable board 5 is intentionally designed as a grate or gitter. Some of the gitter parts are furthermore intentionally provided as longitudinally extendingribs 53 protruding in the vertical direction so that during the downward movement of the board these ribs will co-operate with a stationary grate and break any possible larger lumps of the disintegrated bath layer. - The cleaning of the spent anodes from the solidified bath by means of the above disclosed apparatus is executed in the following manner:
Anode butts 2 are fastened through theiraluminium rods 11 to a transport means, e.g. suspended rails which convey the anodes into the closedchamber 10. Clampingdevice 3 grasps the aluminium rod and pulls the anode passing a rotating tool, e.g. a milling cutter, which removes possible bath depositions from thecross-bar 12 on its dolly side. - Fig. 3 illustrates schematically the
rotating device 18 comprising several parallel arranged and vertically adapted rotating discs to provide a profiled groove along thecross-bar 12 and thenipples 13 in thebath layer 21 so that thedolly 4 can be aligned close to the nipples under the disintegration step of the operation. At the impact tool 7 arestraining arm 6 grasps thecross-bar 12 on the hanger 1 and simultaneously thegrate board 5 lifts the anode against the restraining arm which clamps the cross-bar against thedolly 4. In this manner a proper fixation of the anode butt, both vertically and horizontally, is achieved. Simultaneously, by such releasing of the transport carrier and the aluminium rod for the load, the conducted cleaning operation is very lenient with regard to these parts. The dolly is dimensioned with regard to the applied impact force of the impact tool (the hammers) and is shielded from vibration by means of insertedblocks 42. The two shownpneumatic hammers 7 are sequence controlled and each hammer has its individual steering with regard to the number of strokes against thesolidified bath 21 between thecross-bar 12 and theanode 2. Because of the butt shape of the impact surfaces of the hammers the impact energy of the oscillating hammers is exploited maximally. Tests conducted with the hammers having an acute or an oblong shape failed to achieve an efficient cleaning of the anodes in spite of the high hammer weight and a countless number of conducted blows. Thebath layer 21 is disintegrated and thrown outside of the anode and thegrate board 5, being collected in the hopper shaped lower part of thechamber 10 and conveyed out of the chamber, e.g. by means of aconveyor 9. - After terminated disintegration operation, the
restraining arm 6 is released from the cross-bar, thegrate board 5 goes down and simultaneously larger bath lumps being retained on thestationary grate 55 are crushed under the movement of the board. The anode is released from the fastening means 3 and is conveyed further inwardly into the chamber or to a next chamber for a possible additional post-cleaning step by means of conventional means like sand blasting, rotating brushes etc. When the anode is removed from the hammer station thetilting board 8 is turned to a horizontal position. The grate board is elevated to a level corresponding to the surface of the tilting board and apusher 15 transfers possible broken carbon pieces from the anode on the tilting board. The pusher, the grate board and the tilting board are retracted to their start positions, the carbon rests fall down on a conveyor or a hopper (not shown on the Figures) and the machine is automatically reset to receive the next anode. The apparatus hereby automatically ensures an efficient separation of bath residues from the carbon residues which currently represents a problem for the hitherto known cleaning installations and machines.
Claims (5)
characterized in that
the anode butt is locked in a closed chamber by means of a vertically movable board (5) and an aligning arm (6) which clamps the anode cross-bar (12) in the horizontal direction against a dolly (4), and where the anode is subsequently exposed to several reiterated impacts from one or more oscillating impact devices (7) aimed at the solidified bath material on the anode.
characterized in that
the oscillating impact device (7) are pendulous hammers with butt impact surfaces.
characterized in that
the restraining means comprise a vertically movable board (5), a horizontally aligning arm (6) and a dolly (4), and where the disintegration device is an oscillating impact device (7).
characterized in that
the oscillating impact device (7) comprises one or more pendulous hammers having butt impact surfaces.
characterized in that
the vertically movable board (5) is designed as a grate board provided with downwardly protruding ribs (53) which co-operate with a stationary grate (55) located below the board, and where a tilting board (8) and a pusher (15) are provided on the respective sides of the grate board.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NO880649A NO164114C (en) | 1988-02-15 | 1988-02-15 | PROCEDURE AND APPARATUS FOR CLEANING ANODE REMAINS. |
NO880649 | 1988-02-15 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0328996A1 true EP0328996A1 (en) | 1989-08-23 |
EP0328996B1 EP0328996B1 (en) | 1992-11-04 |
Family
ID=19890665
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19890102083 Expired EP0328996B1 (en) | 1988-02-15 | 1989-02-07 | Method and apparatus for cleaning of spent anodes |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0328996B1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA1315535C (en) |
DE (1) | DE68903339T2 (en) |
NO (1) | NO164114C (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103056118A (en) * | 2013-01-21 | 2013-04-24 | 广西强强碳素股份有限公司 | Full-automatic slotting and cleaning unit for prebaked anode carbon blocks |
CN109112574A (en) * | 2018-10-18 | 2019-01-01 | 陈剑 | A kind of offline subsequent process of the prebaked anode of aluminium cell |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106637303A (en) * | 2016-11-16 | 2017-05-10 | 贵州莱利斯机械设计制造有限责任公司 | Breaking method and device for double residual anode |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3032525A1 (en) * | 1980-08-29 | 1982-03-11 | Hamburger Aluminium-Werk GmbH, 2103 Hamburg | Cleaning anodes from intermittent aluminium fusion electrolysis - by mechanical chipping over collecting hopper with dust extn. |
EP0076441A2 (en) * | 1981-10-06 | 1983-04-13 | Norsk Hydro A/S | Method and apparatus for disintegration of solidified bath material on the residues of prebaked anodes from aluminium electrolysis cells |
US4418435A (en) * | 1982-03-22 | 1983-12-06 | Alumax, Inc. | Carbon butt cleaning apparatus and method |
DE3510523A1 (en) * | 1984-03-26 | 1985-10-03 | Almeq Norway A/S, Oslo | Process and apparatus for cleaning spent anodes from a pot used for the production of aluminium |
-
1988
- 1988-02-15 NO NO880649A patent/NO164114C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1989
- 1989-02-07 EP EP19890102083 patent/EP0328996B1/en not_active Expired
- 1989-02-07 DE DE1989603339 patent/DE68903339T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-02-14 CA CA000590957A patent/CA1315535C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3032525A1 (en) * | 1980-08-29 | 1982-03-11 | Hamburger Aluminium-Werk GmbH, 2103 Hamburg | Cleaning anodes from intermittent aluminium fusion electrolysis - by mechanical chipping over collecting hopper with dust extn. |
EP0076441A2 (en) * | 1981-10-06 | 1983-04-13 | Norsk Hydro A/S | Method and apparatus for disintegration of solidified bath material on the residues of prebaked anodes from aluminium electrolysis cells |
US4418435A (en) * | 1982-03-22 | 1983-12-06 | Alumax, Inc. | Carbon butt cleaning apparatus and method |
DE3510523A1 (en) * | 1984-03-26 | 1985-10-03 | Almeq Norway A/S, Oslo | Process and apparatus for cleaning spent anodes from a pot used for the production of aluminium |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103056118A (en) * | 2013-01-21 | 2013-04-24 | 广西强强碳素股份有限公司 | Full-automatic slotting and cleaning unit for prebaked anode carbon blocks |
CN109112574A (en) * | 2018-10-18 | 2019-01-01 | 陈剑 | A kind of offline subsequent process of the prebaked anode of aluminium cell |
CN109112574B (en) * | 2018-10-18 | 2019-12-06 | 珠海华唐隆鑫科技有限公司 | off-line connection process for prebaked anode of aluminum electrolytic cell |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NO880649D0 (en) | 1988-02-15 |
CA1315535C (en) | 1993-04-06 |
DE68903339T2 (en) | 1993-03-18 |
NO164114C (en) | 1990-08-29 |
DE68903339D1 (en) | 1992-12-10 |
NO880649L (en) | 1989-08-16 |
EP0328996B1 (en) | 1992-11-04 |
NO164114B (en) | 1990-05-21 |
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