EP0328729B1 - Procédé et dispositif pour contrôler les compresseurs centrifuges - Google Patents
Procédé et dispositif pour contrôler les compresseurs centrifuges Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0328729B1 EP0328729B1 EP88114221A EP88114221A EP0328729B1 EP 0328729 B1 EP0328729 B1 EP 0328729B1 EP 88114221 A EP88114221 A EP 88114221A EP 88114221 A EP88114221 A EP 88114221A EP 0328729 B1 EP0328729 B1 EP 0328729B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- controller
- blow
- line
- variable
- instantaneous value
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04D27/02—Surge control
- F04D27/0207—Surge control by bleeding, bypassing or recycling fluids
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for regulating turbocompressors for preventing pumping, of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1, and a device for carrying out the method.
- pumps are the intermittent or periodic backflow of the medium from the pressure to the suction side. This state occurs, for example, when the final pressure or final pressure / suction pressure ratio and / or the throughput are too low.
- a surge limit line can therefore be clearly defined in the map, which divides the map into the stable and unstable area.
- the surge line is usually curved, ie it has different slopes in different areas of the map. In the frequently used map display with throughput and pressure as coordinates, for example, the surge line is flatter with increasing pressure. The same applies to other possible characteristic diagram representations with guide vane position, speed, head of the compressor or the like.
- a blow-off line is defined at a safety distance parallel to the pump limit line, and when the current operating point approaches the blow-off line, a blow-off or blow-off valve is opened more or less so that the actual value of a controlled variable, in particular the throughput , does not exceed a target value determined on the basis of the blow-off line and the command variable, in particular the final pressure.
- a controlled variable in particular the throughput
- the throughput serves as a reference variable for forming the setpoint and the final pressure is the controlled variable to be regulated to the setpoint.
- the result of the curved course of the blow-off line is that a predetermined change in the command variable at different points on the blow-off line results in changes in the setpoint for the controlled variable of different sizes. This affects the strengthening of the control loop to different degrees.
- Pump limit controllers are safety controllers and are usually activated so that they work close to the stability limit in order to ensure the best possible compressor protection.
- the position of the stability limit is very much influenced by the overall gain of the control loop. A high overall gain is most likely to lead to instability.
- the object of the invention is to create a method of the type mentioned at the beginning and a device for carrying it out, with which an optimal adaptation of the controller behavior to the different areas of the map and operating states of the compressor is possible.
- the invention is based on the basic idea that the effects of changing according to the command variable Compensate the slope of the curved characteristic curve of the compressor to the total gain of the control loop by a correspondingly opposite change in the gain factor of the controller, so that an overall gain independent of the characteristic curve results in the entire working range.
- This basic principle can also be approximately implemented by switching between two or more different values of the gain factor of the controller.
- the pressure in front of and behind a throttle orifice is measured in the suction port 1 of a compressor by means of sensors 3.5, from which a transmitter 7 forms the actual value for the compressor throughput V on the suction side.
- a sensor 9 detects the actual value of the final pressure P, which is entered into a computer 13 via a transmitter 11.
- the computer 13 has a memory in which the course of the blow-off line A is stored in the compressor map given by P and V. From the actual value of P and the blow-off line, the computer 13 determines a target value for the throughput V.
- the actual and target values are compared in a differential element 15 and the difference is fed as an input signal to a controller 17, which have a proportional-integral and / or differential behavior can and the output signal provides a manipulated variable for a blow-off valve 19 branching off from the compressor outlet or a blow-off valve returning to the suction port.
- the blow-off line A and the compressor characteristic curve K are each curved.
- a specific change ⁇ P in the final pressure serving as a guide variable corresponds to changes of different magnitudes ⁇ X1 and ⁇ X2 of the actual value and ⁇ W1 and ⁇ W2 of the nominal value for the throughput.
- the computer 13 forms part of the control loop with the memory, and these differences act as changes in the overall gain of the control loop if the controller 17 has a constant gain factor.
- the steep lower course of the curves corresponds to a small gain and the flat upper course to a high gain. If, on the other hand, what is also known is reversed, the role of the command variable and the controlled variable and the throughput V is used as the command variable for determining a target value of the final pressure P, the conditions are reversed and the gain is large in the steep part and small in the flat part .
- the overall gain of the control loop is the sum of the the gain resulting from the slope of the blow-off line and the gain factor of the controller 17 plus the so-called system gain, ie the gain factors predetermined by the controlled system, in particular the compressor and the relief valve.
- system gain ie the gain factors predetermined by the controlled system, in particular the compressor and the relief valve.
- control difference X d ⁇ W - ⁇ X
- V comp 1 / V K is chosen.
- K (P) f (P + g (Y L )) - K2 xg (Y L ) specify. If the blow-off line is denoted by A (P), a pressure-dependent compensation factor of a results when the pressure changes by 2 ⁇ P
- the first term corresponds to the reciprocal slope of the blow-off line and the second Term of the reciprocal slope of the compressor characteristic.
- the first term can be saved as h (P) in a function generator.
- Fig. 3 shows a structure for realizing a control loop with constant overall gain. From the input variables P, ⁇ P and g (Y L ) in function block 101, the variable for f (P + ⁇ p + g (Y L )), the size in function block 103 f (P- ⁇ p + g (Y L )) and in function block 105 the quantity h (P) is formed. The variables obtained in this way are then added or subtracted in addition block 107, and the preset proportional gain kP in division block 109 is then divided by this compensation variable, so that the constant total gain is present at the output of block 109. The total gain V R is then fed to the controller 17 in FIG. 1 as a control variable.
- the method described above can also be carried out in such a way that the respective reciprocal values of the slopes can be stored in corresponding function generators instead of the secant formation, ie the difference formation.
- the output signals of the function transmitters are then processed accordingly.
- Fig. 4 schematically shows the structure for determining the discrete values; for this purpose the input signal P is fed to a comparator 201 which compares whether the input value is above or below a break point. The comparator controls a changeover switch 203, which forwards the corresponding discrete slope values to the subtraction element 207.
- the subtraction element 207 is supplied by the function generator 205 with the quantity h (P), and the output signal serves in the division element 209 as a divisor for the proportional gain KP, so that a corresponding output signal V ′ R is obtained for the overall gain.
- the function of block 205 can also be added to the comparator, so that 207 can also be omitted.
- the changeover switch 203 can also be used for switching be designed between a number of discrete values. This then corresponds to an adaptation of the characteristic curve by several straight line sections.
- variable h (p) could be formed in the function generator and the subtraction carried out, so that the blocks 201, 203, 205 and 207 of FIG. 4 could be combined into a single block.
- the formulas described above are calculated when the system is started up, and the function generator supplies a sequence of values previously stored in it for V ′ R as a function of P.
- the current manipulated variable y (t) is not only dependent on the gain V ′ R and the instantaneous control difference x d (t), but also on the control difference x d and the manipulated variable y at the time (t - T s ), ie one by the sampling time T s of the controller earlier.
- Regulation can take place, for example, according to the following control algorithm, in which T N is the reset time of the controller: This regulation, in which earlier values of the control difference and the manipulated variable are taken into account, prevents a sudden change in the manipulated variable.
- the application of the method according to the invention is not only limited to the characteristic diagram representations used here, but can also be used for other representations, for example in Pressure ratio via intake volume flow, Speed over volume flow, Guide vane position via volume flow, or a combination of the above representations.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Control Of Positive-Displacement Air Blowers (AREA)
Claims (7)
- Procédé de régulation d'un turbocompresseur pour éviter le pompage, dans lequel les valeurs réelles d'une grandeur directrice, en particulier de la pression finale, et d'une grandeur réglée, en particulier du débit, qui définissent ensemble la position du point de fonctionnement dans le diagramme caractéristique du compresseur, sont détectées en continu, une valeur de consigne pour la grandeur réglée est formée à partir de la grandeur directrice et d'une courbe de décharge prédéfinie dans le diagramme caractéristique, et un signal de positionnement d'une valve de décharge ou d'inversion est produit à l'aide des valeurs réelle et de consigne de la grandeur réglée par l'intermédiaire d'un régulateur, le coefficient d'amplification du régulateur étant modifié en fonction de la valeur réelle de la grandeur directrice, caractérisé en ce que le coefficient d'amplification est modifié en fonction de la pente reproduite de la courbe caractéristique du compresseur, ladite pente appartenant à la valeur réelle correspondante, de façon que l'influence de la pente de la courbe caractéristique sur l'amplification totale du circuit de régulation soit au moins approximativement compensée.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le coefficient d'amplification est modifié en fonction aussi bien de la pente reproduite de la courbe caractéristique du compresseur, ladite pente appartenant à la valeur réelle, que de la pente de la courbe de décharge, ladite pente appartenant à la valeur réelle.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le coefficient d'amplification du régulateur est commandé de façon au moins approximativement inversement proportionnelle à la valeur de la pente de la courbe caractéristique du compresseur, ladite valeur appartenant à la valeur réelle correspondante de la grandeur directrice.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que, en cas d'approximation de la courbe caractéristique du compresseur par des segments de droite, le coefficient d'amplification du régulateur adopte plusieurs valeurs discrètes lorsque la valeur réelle de la grandeur directrice est supérieure ou inférieure à des valeurs limites prédéfinies.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le régulateur fonctionne dans un algorithme récurrent.
- Dispositif de réalisation du Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, comprenant des capteurs de mesure des grandeurs directrice et réglée, un générateur de fonctions qui reçoit la grandeur directrice, contient des données prédéfinies pour la courbe de décharge et produit la valeur de consigne de la grandeur réglée, un élément différenciateur recevant les valeurs réelle et de consigne de la grandeur réglée, un régulateur qui reçoit le signal de sortie dudit élément différenciateur et comporte une entrée de commande pour modifier son coefficient d'amplification, et une valve de décharge commandée par le régulateur, un générateur de signaux connecté au capteur de mesure de la grandeur directrice étant prévu et la sortie du générateur de signaux étant connectée à l'entrée de commande du régulateur, caractérisé en ce que le générateur de signaux comporte des moyens (101, 103, 201, 203) pour modifier le coefficient d'amplification en fonction de la pente reproduite de la courbe du compresseur, ladite pente appartenant à la valeur réelle correspondante, de façon que l'influence de la pente de la courbe caractéristique sur l'amplification totale du circuit de régulation soit au moins approximativement compensée.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que le générateur de signaux comprend des moyens (105, 205) pour reproduire la pente de la courbe de décharge.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3805119A DE3805119A1 (de) | 1988-02-18 | 1988-02-18 | Verfahren und einrichtung zum regeln von turbokompressoren |
DE3805119 | 1988-02-18 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0328729A2 EP0328729A2 (fr) | 1989-08-23 |
EP0328729A3 EP0328729A3 (en) | 1990-07-18 |
EP0328729B1 true EP0328729B1 (fr) | 1993-03-03 |
Family
ID=6347688
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP88114221A Expired - Lifetime EP0328729B1 (fr) | 1988-02-18 | 1988-08-31 | Procédé et dispositif pour contrôler les compresseurs centrifuges |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4944652A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0328729B1 (fr) |
DE (2) | DE3805119A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
IT1255836B (it) * | 1991-10-01 | 1995-11-17 | Procedimento per la sorveglianza del limite di pompaggio di turbocompressori a piu' stadi e refrigerazione intermedia | |
US5195875A (en) * | 1991-12-05 | 1993-03-23 | Dresser-Rand Company | Antisurge control system for compressors |
US5306116A (en) * | 1992-04-10 | 1994-04-26 | Ingersoll-Rand Company | Surge control and recovery for a centrifugal compressor |
US5357748A (en) * | 1992-11-09 | 1994-10-25 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Compressor vane control for gas turbine engines |
US5508943A (en) * | 1994-04-07 | 1996-04-16 | Compressor Controls Corporation | Method and apparatus for measuring the distance of a turbocompressor's operating point to the surge limit interface |
DE19528253C2 (de) * | 1995-08-01 | 1997-10-16 | Gutehoffnungshuette Man | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Vermeidung von Reglerinstabilitäten bei Pumpgrenzregelungen beim Betrieb von Strömungsmaschinen mit Reglern hoher Prportionalverstärkung |
DE19541192C2 (de) * | 1995-11-04 | 1999-02-04 | Ghh Borsig Turbomaschinen Gmbh | Verfahren zum Schutz eines Turbokompressors vor Betrieb im instabilen Arbeitsbereich mittels einer Abblaseeinrichtung |
CN1136485C (zh) * | 1996-01-02 | 2004-01-28 | 伍德沃德调控器公司 | 动态压缩机的防冲击控制系统 |
US7707838B2 (en) * | 2006-10-31 | 2010-05-04 | General Electric Company | Auxiliary power unit assembly |
US20090025393A1 (en) * | 2006-10-31 | 2009-01-29 | Karl Edward Sheldon | Auxiliary power unit assembly |
DE102009013432A1 (de) * | 2009-03-18 | 2010-09-23 | Schenck Rotec Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Messen physikalischer Eigenschaften an einer Turbolader-Rumpfgruppe |
US10436208B2 (en) * | 2011-06-27 | 2019-10-08 | Energy Control Technologies, Inc. | Surge estimator |
US20130039781A1 (en) * | 2011-08-08 | 2013-02-14 | Victor Pascu | Anticipation logic for a surge control valve utilized with load compressor |
US8955310B2 (en) | 2012-05-08 | 2015-02-17 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Adaptive regeneration of an exhaust aftertreatment device in response to a biodiesel fuel blend |
KR101806920B1 (ko) * | 2013-04-19 | 2018-01-10 | 한화파워시스템 주식회사 | 압축기 시스템 및 압축기 시스템의 제어방법 |
US9482147B2 (en) | 2013-05-22 | 2016-11-01 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Method and apparatus to operate internal combustion engine employing an intake air compressor |
GB2548584B (en) * | 2016-03-22 | 2021-12-01 | Robert Bodle Charles | Controlling gas turbine engines |
RU174395U1 (ru) * | 2016-11-08 | 2017-10-11 | Виктор Васильевич Попов | Устройство управления механизацией компрессора газотурбинного двигателя |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2623899C3 (de) * | 1976-05-28 | 1989-06-08 | MAN Gutehoffnungshütte GmbH, 4200 Oberhausen | Verfahren zum Betreiben von Turboverdichtern in der Nähe der Pumpgrenze |
US4139328A (en) * | 1977-05-25 | 1979-02-13 | Gutehoffnungshitte Sterkrade Ag | Method of operating large turbo compressors |
US4156578A (en) * | 1977-08-02 | 1979-05-29 | Agar Instrumentation Incorporated | Control of centrifugal compressors |
US4255089A (en) * | 1979-03-22 | 1981-03-10 | Dravo Corporation | Method of controlling series fans driving a variable load |
DE3540087A1 (de) * | 1985-11-12 | 1987-05-14 | Gutehoffnungshuette Man | Verfahren zum regeln von turbokompressoren |
DE3540284A1 (de) * | 1985-11-13 | 1987-05-14 | Gutehoffnungshuette Man | Einrichtung zum regeln eines turbokompressors zur verhinderung des pumpens |
DE3540285A1 (de) * | 1985-11-13 | 1987-05-14 | Gutehoffnungshuette Man | Verfahren und einrichtung zum regeln von turbokompressoren |
DE3544821A1 (de) * | 1985-12-18 | 1987-06-19 | Gutehoffnungshuette Man | Verfahren zum regeln von turbokompressoren zur vermeidung des pumpens |
-
1988
- 1988-02-18 DE DE3805119A patent/DE3805119A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1988-08-31 DE DE8888114221T patent/DE3878886D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-08-31 EP EP88114221A patent/EP0328729B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1989
- 1989-02-17 US US07/312,638 patent/US4944652A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0328729A2 (fr) | 1989-08-23 |
EP0328729A3 (en) | 1990-07-18 |
DE3878886D1 (de) | 1993-04-08 |
US4944652A (en) | 1990-07-31 |
DE3805119A1 (de) | 1989-08-31 |
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