EP0327684A2 - Process for machine washing textiles - Google Patents

Abstract

Dirty textile goods are washed into the textile goods to be cleaned with the portioned addition of a detergent concentrate containing surfactants. The aqueous wash liquor is preferably formed by gradually adding water while moving the fabric. The detergent concentrate is present at room temperature as a largely dimensionally stable paste to dough-like mass and is applied in such an amount to the still dry or moistened textile material that the major part of the surface-active substances, if desired together with other detergent ingredients, on the textiles or on one with There are markings for the correct detergent dosing of textile pieces as dosing aids.

Description

The invention relates to an improvement and simplification of machine washing of soiled textile goods in the household and / or business by means of a method in which the aqueous washing liquor is formed in the presence of the soiled textile material by immediately adding a detergent ingredient and in particular surfactants to the dry or only moistened concentrate Textile is added and then the wash liquor is formed in situ by preferably gradually adding water and circulating the textile material. The following description of the invention is made with reference to the household washing machines customary today, but its essential process parameters can also be used with advantage in the same way in commercial washing in corresponding washing systems or car washes.

Almost all washing machines or washing machine types that are common in practice now provide the formation of the wash liquor as follows: the detergent is metered into a washing-up chamber and is washed into the machine body by means of the water flowing into the machine. The desired final concentration of the detergent solution is formed in a comparatively short initial phase, in which the washing process is then carried out.

The detergents on the market today are usually solid, free-flowing powders or granular substances or pourable liquids. The use of surfactant-containing liquid detergents in household washing machines common in Europe can be difficult because the induction chambers can be used for portioned intake of powders, but are not suitable for holding liquid concentrates there until the desired process cycle is intended to be flushed into the machine body.

The state of the art provides two basic solutions for overcoming these difficulties. The first principle is described, for example, in European Patent 0 040 931. The portionwise addition of a liquid detergent concentrate is described here in such a way that this concentrate is packaged in sealed bags which are added to the textile goods to be washed before the washing process begins. Here, the liquid detergent concentrate is packaged in a water-insoluble and water-impermeable bag made of thermoplastic sheet material, which, however, is sealed by a mechanically weak heat seal in such a way that this closure point opens under mechanical influence when used in the washing machine. This opening of the predetermined breaking point in the portioned bag should preferably take place within the first 5 minutes and in particular within the first 2 minutes after the start of the washing process.

The other proposed solution of the prior art is described for example in DE-OS 35 12 050. Described here is a method for washing and cleaning laundry in a washing machine with a liquid detergent, which is characterized in that this detergent concentrate in a portioning container having permanent openings - for example in a corresponding portioning body in the form of a ball - is given. This portioning container, filled with detergent concentrate, is then added to the textile goods before the washing process begins. If the washing process is then carried out in the machine with the textile being circulated in the customary form, the liquid detergent concentrate is gradually released into the washing medium from the container. The portioning container is removed from the washing machine at the end of the washing process and can be filled again with liquid detergent concentrate for the next washing process and used again.

Both of the proposals from the state of the art described here have the advantage over conventional work with the detergent dispenser that less or no losses of detergent or detergent concentrate occur in the suds, which according to current knowledge of machine technology can always occur when in the initial phase of the washing process, detergent concentrate is washed into the machine with a little water and in this form initially sinks into the suds. Additional auxiliary measures are required - for example, the targeted pumping around of the alkali sump - in order to prevent losses of detergent components in the main area of the machine process.

The invention intends to further improve the type of process for machine washing, in which the detergent concentrates are added directly to the textile, and the formation of the wash liquor takes place in situ by adding water to the soiled textile material containing detergent concentrate.

In particular, the invention seeks to make it possible to dispense with portioning elements such as packaging bags or portioning devices of the type described above that are always open and reusable. In contrast, the teaching of the invention is based on the idea that the detergent concentrate is at least largely dimensionally stable at room temperature in the textile to be washed or in a Enter the textile piece serving as dosing aid and now form the washing liquor in situ by adding water.

The invention accordingly relates to an improved process for the mechanical cleaning of soiled textile goods with an aqueous wash liquor containing detersive surfactants with portioned addition of surfactant-containing detergent concentrates directly into the textile goods to be cleaned and subsequent formation of the wash liquor by preferably gradually adding water and circulating the textile goods, whereby the new process is characterized in that, if desired, the at least predominant proportion of the detersive surfactants, together with further detergent ingredients, is pasted into the still dry and / or moistened textile goods, at least largely dimensionally stable pasty to dough-like formulations at room temperature. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, at least largely dimensionally stable paste or ointment-like detergent concentrates are used which, under the standard conditions described below, have a dissolution rate in water of at least 40% by weight and preferably of at least 50% by weight:
1 g of the pasty to dough-like detergent concentrate is placed as a coherent material sample in a beaker (250 cm³ tall, approx. 5.5 cm in diameter) and mixed with 100 ml of water at a temperature of 20 ± 2 ° C. A magnetic stir bar (length 3 cm) is placed in the beaker. The contents of the beaker are then at the specified temperature for a period of 15 minutes. stirred at a rotational speed of 500 rpm. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, gel or paste detergent concentrates are used which, under the specified conditions, within a period of 5 min. at least 50%, preferably at least 75% and in particular at least 85% have been transferred to a clear or finely divided solution. It should be taken into account that the detergent concentrates can contain water-insoluble, finely divided active ingredients in a manner known per se, for example builder constituents based on zeolite NaA, or finely divided layered silicates of natural and / or synthetic origin, but also sparingly soluble surfactant components in finely divided form such as finely divided tallow alcohol sulfate low temperatures largely water-insoluble disalts of alpha-sulfo fatty acids and the like.

Decisive for the usability of the pasty or dough-like formulations for use in the sense of the invention is the breaking up of the coherent material sample under the comparatively mild conditions of the test specified here, at least for the most part to clear or finely dispersed solutions or slurries. This prerequisite is easy to ascertain visually and technically in the stated test. In particular, the less or unsuitable assemblies can be determined, which remain in the test as a largely undissolved or only inadequately dissolved, usually coherent material sample and thus signal difficulties in the formation of a homogeneous washing liquor in the textile-laden machine. Correspondingly inadequate packaging forms are often characterized by an excessively high content of poorly soluble surfactant components and / or of surfactant components with a high tendency to gel. In principle, however, such mixtures of substances are also to be converted into useful embodiments in the course of the inventive action, as will be described below.

In one embodiment of the invention, detergent concentrates containing water and / or water-soluble solvents are used in spreadable to kneadable formulations, the surfactant content of which is preferably about 75% by weight moderately does not exceed about 60% by weight and in particular about 50% by weight. The percentages by weight relate in each case to the weight of the detergent concentrate used.

To promote the rapid and uniform dissolution of the detergent when water enters the textile material in the machine, it may be expedient to add dispersing aids to the detergent concentrates, which contribute to the easier disintegration of the paste-like or dough-like detergent concentrates. The addition of such dispersing aids may have been advisable, in particular when using surfactants which are sparingly soluble in water at room temperature and / or tend to gel. Examples of such surfactants which are sparingly soluble at room temperature are, for example, tallow fatty alcohol sulfate pastes and other pastes based on long-chain fatty alcohol sulfates, long-chain alkyl glycosides, long-chain ethanol amides, C _16/18 ester sulfonates and optionally also soaps.

Difficulties can also arise, however, in particular in the dissolution of detergent concentrates of the type dealt with here on the basis of those surfactants or surfactant combinations which tend to gel strongly. Examples of these are highly concentrated pastes based on fatty alcohol ether sulfate (FAES), for example corresponding 70% FAES pastes. Other examples of this tendency to gel are long-chain, saturated fatty alcohol ethoxylates, which, in addition to the tendency to gel, have only a moderate dissolution rate. Again, examples are components that are derived from C _16/18 or longer-chain components.

For example, secondary alkanesulfonates, such as saturated C _12/14 or C _12/18 fatty _alcohol ethoxylates with at least 10 moles of ethylene oxide on average, show less problems in gel formation, corresponding unsaturated fats alcohol ethoxylates, but also such components based on unsaturated C _16/18 fatty alcohols.

Comparatively minor problems due to moderate solubility are shown, for example, by coconut fatty alcohol sulfate pastes, C _12/14 alkyl glycosides, C _12/14 ester sulfonates and sulfosuccinates.

A large number of soluble, but possibly insoluble at low temperatures, detergent active components are easy to incorporate and dissolve in pasty to dough-like formulations. Examples include alkylbenzenesulfonate, nonylphenol ethoxylates, a maximum of about 30% FAES solutions, saturated fatty alcohol ethoxylates based on C _12/14 or C _12/18 fatty alcohol with an average of 5 to 7 mol ethylene oxide, unsaturated fatty alcohol ethoxylates based on C _16/18 -Fatty alcohol with 5 to 9 moles of ethylene oxide, short-chain alkyl glycosides, oxo alcohol ethoxylates based on C _12/15 -Oxo alcohols with 5 to 9 moles of ethylene oxide, amphoteric surfactants, but for example also largely insoluble disalts, especially sodium disalts of alpha-sulfofatty acids with predominantly C _{16 /} at room temperature ₁₈ fatty acid in the fatty acid residue.

Water-soluble and / or water-swellable organic and / or inorganic additives, which can be surfactant or non-surfactant in nature, are suitable as dispersing agents for surfactants or surfactant combinations which cause difficulties from the point of view of poor solubility and / or gelling. Gelling tendencies of the detergent concentrates can often be easily counteracted, for example, by using limited amounts of water-soluble inorganic salts. Examples of these are sodium sulfate and / or sodium chloride. Often, the combination of poorly soluble surfactants in a mixture with readily soluble surfactants can reduce the dissolving behavior of the paste or dough-shaped packaging are substantially influenced.

In this context, however, particular importance is attached to a largely insoluble component, which in turn can intervene in a variety of ways in the washing process. These are the known sodium disalts of alpha-sulfo fatty acids, especially predominantly in the range of C _16/18 fatty acids. Substances of this type are in finely dispersed detergent mixtures. The components not only have their own surfactant effect, they also develop builder properties by binding water hardness and - especially in combination with swellable layered silicates of the type of montmorillonite - give the textiles washed with them a soft feel. Surprisingly, it has been shown that even in the stage of dissolving or dissolving pasty or dough-like detergent formulations, disalted dispersions can be of great importance as versatile dispersing aids. Often, limited amounts of disalt, which are approximately in the range from 5 to a maximum of 50% by weight, preferably in the range from 5 to 25% by weight, based on the mixture of sparingly soluble surfactant + disalt, are sufficient to to ensure a clearly accelerated dissolving or dispersing behavior for the pasty preparation. Especially in the case of sparingly soluble surfactant components - for example tallow alcohol ethoxylate with 11 mol ethylene oxide (Dehydol TA 11) - the addition of sulfofatty acid disalts based on C _16/18 fatty acid, which are largely water-insoluble at room temperature, has a significantly more pronounced effect than the use of equal amounts of slightly water-soluble inorganic salt, for example sodium chloride.

Dimensionally stable detergent concentrates which can preferably be used according to the invention can also be determined by their viscosities. Materials whose vis cosities (Höppler viscometers) at 35 ° C do not exceed about 350,000 mPas and in particular about 250,000 mPas. In the determination at room temperature (20 ± 2 ° C) the upper viscosity limit values are around 1 million mPas - determined with the Brookfield Helipath. Materials with a consistency of significantly higher viscosities - e.g. B. in the range of 2.5 million mPas or above - are characterized by a very slow dissolution behavior.

The lower limit lies in the area of the lotions which are still sufficiently dimensionally stable, as are known, for example, from the area of hand-washing pastes. In numerical terms, the value of about 12,000 to 15,000 mPas (Höppler viscometer) at room temperature is to be specified. Pastes are particularly suitable which show viscosity values in the range from about 15,000 to 300,000 mPas and preferably not more than about 200,000 mPas at room temperature (Höppler viscometer).

The detergent preparations according to the invention, based in particular on aqueous detergent concentrates, contain, in addition to the detergent surfactants, other customary detergent components such as organic and / or inorganic builder components, detergent alkalis, soil-carrying compounds, enzymes, brighteners, fragrances and / or dyes and the like. Reference is made here in detail to the extensive knowledge of the professional world, see for example Ullmann "Encyclopedia of Technical Chemistry" 4th edition, volume 24, detergent, in particular loc. Pages 68 to 102.

In the practical implementation of the washing method according to the invention, the procedure is as follows: The textile material to be washed is put into the machine as dry material or as a moistened to dripping wet material. The required amount of paste or dough detergent concentrate is added to the textile. It may be advantageous to change the detergent concentrate to a white and / or colored one apply a real piece of textile that contains markings for the correct dosage of detergent depending on the hardness of the wash water (see Figure 1). If desired, the gel or pasty detergent concentrate can also be added to the textile to be washed in such a piece of textile. Even if such special features are dispensed with, the largely dimensionally stable consistency and the paste or dough properties of the concentrates used according to the invention generally ensure that there is no undesired premature diffusion of the detergent concentrate into limited textile areas. This is an important advantage for the action according to the invention over the direct metering of a liquid detergent into the textile to be washed. This advantage is even more pronounced in that when water enters, even under the conditions of textile mechanics, there is a delayed dissolution of the paste-like or dough-like detergent concentrate in the aqueous phase, so that the risk of local over-concentrations being significantly reduced. This can be important, for example, in cases in which the formation of spatially limited defects must be feared due to over-concentrations of detergent ingredients.

In an important embodiment of the method according to the invention, the wash liquor is built up by gradually adding water to the textile material containing detergent concentrate. In particular, the duration of the treatment of the textile material under washing conditions in the machine is extended in the process state which is characterized by the amount of water or washing liquor which approximately corresponds to the dripping wet textile material in the machine filling. As is known, conventional machine washing works with a quantity of liquid which corresponds to a multiple of this dripping wet state. Depending on the texture of the textile, this can dripping wet need an amount of water that corresponds to about 2 to 3 times the dry weight of the textile. In the preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention discussed here, it may be desirable to switch on a longer treatment of the textile goods to be washed in this dilution stage, in which, as indicated, the amount of water entered corresponds to about 2 to 4 times the dry weight of the textile. If, under these conditions, the wetting process is extended, in particular with the textile being circulated, before the more dilute final concentration of the detergent solution is adjusted by adding more water, the wetting will accelerate rapidly and the cleaning action will accelerate. It may be preferred to use this process period for at least a few minutes, e.g. B. for the range of about 5 to 15 min. expand. The treatment of the textile goods in this process stage - but of course also in all other stages of the automatic washing process according to the invention - can take place at room temperature or can be promoted by using elevated temperatures.

The method according to the invention can be carried out in all customary machine types, in particular in known household washing machines with a horizontally arranged drum which are to be loaded from the front or in washing machines to be loaded from above.

However, the method according to the invention is particularly suitable for the use of washing machines in which the moist to dripping wet textile material is heated by the action of microwaves on the dampened textile material. This heating of the wet textile material can be used in the wetting or washing process step with the washing liquor formed in situ and / or to promote one or more washing-out steps. To carry out such a washing process using Microwave is particularly suitable for the previously described embodiment of the method according to the invention, in which the stepwise construction of the wash liquor is carried out and a treatment step which takes at least a few minutes, preferably about 3 to 15 minutes, is provided, in which the amount of water is about 2 to 4 times, preferably corresponds to about 2 to 3 times the dry weight of the textile. Details of this process are described in the earlier German patent application P 37 07 147.5 (D 7852) "Process for washing and / or rinsing textile materials and apparatus suitable therefor", the disclosure of which is hereby expressly made the subject of the present disclosure of the invention.

In an important embodiment of the method according to the invention, however, in particular during the wetting process of the soiled textile goods with the comparatively concentrated wash liquor, the amount of water in the wetting stage in the sense given above is limited to at most approximately dripping wet textile, the usual target dosage of detergent or detergent mixture is nevertheless achieved which provides conventional textile washing, working temperatures in the range of room temperature or only moderately elevated temperatures. In this embodiment, it can therefore be particularly expedient to carry out the wetting of the soiled textile goods in the moist state in the temperature range from approximately 15 to a maximum of 50 ° C., in particular in the range from approximately 18 to 40 ° C. The use of the microwave is a suitable measure for this embodiment of the method according to the invention which requires only limited amounts of energy, but the invention is in no way limited to this. The desired entry of thermal energy can also be done in other ways, for example by introducing steam - and the associated release of the latent heat of vaporization in the steam condensation - and / or by other forms of energy radiation, for example IR radiation.

The teaching according to the invention of the use of the detergent ingredients as at least largely dimensionally stable pasty-like dough-like packaging at room temperature brings other important advantages over the known use of liquid detergents. In assemblies of the consistency according to the invention, homogeneous mixing states can be maintained over practically any storage period even if the components themselves are not homogeneously soluble in one another. Such a case is always present, for example, when, in addition to liquid components - in particular corresponding surfactants - insoluble, finely divided mixture components - in particular builders, e.g. based on zeolite NaA and / or swellable layered silicates, but also inorganic salts with or without a builder effect.

Appropriate preparations with viscosities (Höppler viscosity at room temperature) of at least about 70,000 mPas and preferably of at least about 100,000 mPas are particularly suitable for producing storage-stable heterogeneous detergent formulations in paste, gel or dough form.

The paste or gel state or the dough-like state of the detergent formulations used according to the invention is adjusted in a manner known per se by using water and / or organic, preferably water-soluble solvents, provided the active substance combination as such is too solid or vice versa by restricting the content the formulations on these liquid components and / or by the use of thickeners, if the detergent composition is too thin. Suitable thickeners are, for example, natural polymer compounds such as carboxymethyl cellulose or methyl cellulose, guar compounds and the like, as well as synthetic poly Mercury components, for example of the type of polyacrylates and / or polymethacrylates, which can also be partially crosslinked. However, selected surfactant components with a thickening effect are particularly suitable for thickening excessively flowable detergent mixtures. Examples include soaps and solid or sparingly soluble surfactant components, in particular corresponding anionic and / or nonionic surfactants. If desired, use can also be made of the known gelling tendency which occurs when small amounts of electrolyte salts are added to aqueous solutions of selected surfactants, in particular those based on fatty alcohol ether sulfates. Other suitable thickeners are swellable layered silicates of natural and / or synthetic origin, which, as is known, can also develop their own effects in the context of textile washing.

The largely dimensionally stable detergent formulations used in paste or gel form or also in the form of a dough are preferably set to pH values in the neutral to moderately alkaline range, in particular thus in the range from about 7 to 12, preferably in the range from about 7 to 10. Suitable washing alkalis and / or neutralizing agents, eg., are suitable for regulating the pH value based on citric acid. The pH is determined on 1% aqueous solutions.

• a) Anlagerungsprodukten von 2 bis 8 Mol Ethylenoxid an 1 Mol Fettalkohol mit 10 bis 20 Kohlenstoffatomen;
• b) Aniontensiden vom Typ der Sulfate, Sulfonate und Seife,
• c) Polyethylenglykol mit einem Molgewicht von etwa 200 bis 600,

enthält, mit der Maßgabe, daß die Menge der Bestandteile a) + b) + c) größer als 20 Gew.-%, insbesondere 20 bis 50 Gew.-% des gesamten Waschmittels ist, wobei das Verhältnis a) : b) im Bereich von über 2 : 1 bis 3 : 1 liegt und eine Dichte von weniger als 1,4 bis 1,2 hat und praktisch wasserfrei und prak­tisch gasfrei ist.An embodiment of the process according to the invention which is preferred with regard to the composition of the detergent is characterized in that a detergent based on nonionic and particulate builders which comprises a surfactant liquid component is used as the detergent concentrate

• a) adducts of 2 to 8 moles of ethylene oxide with 1 mole of fatty alcohol with 10 to 20 carbon atoms;
• b) anionic surfactants of the sulfate, sulfonate and soap type,
• c) polyethylene glycol with a molecular weight of about 200 to 600,

contains, with the proviso that the amount of components a) + b) + c) is greater than 20 wt .-%, in particular 20 to 50 wt .-% of the total detergent, the ratio a): b) in the range is more than 2: 1 to 3: 1 and has a density of less than 1.4 to 1.2 and is practically water-free and practically gas-free.

Such a detergent has the rheological properties required for dosing by means of a dispensing cloth while maintaining the required high degree of reliability of the detergent concentrate and excellent detergency. The convenient handling of the dosage is also advantageous.

The paste-like detergent concentrate is applied to a white or color-fast piece of textile as a dispensing cloth with markings for the strand length of the detergent paste required for a washing machine filling, and, if desired, the detergent is encased therein. If necessary, the markings take into account the water hardness of the wash water and the strand cross-sections caused by the tube outlet openings. An example of the dispensing cloth mentioned is shown in the figure (Figure 1).

In addition to the literature on conventional detergent mixtures and their standard ingredients, the scope referenced rich relevant patent literature, from which the following U.S. Patents 3,936,537, 3,664,961, 3,919,678, 4,222,905 and 4,239,659 are mentioned merely by way of example.

Examples Examples 1 and 2

Two paste formulations of detergent which are no longer flowable at room temperature are compiled in accordance with the following information. The numerical values for pastes 1 and 2 summarized in Table 1 below are percentages by weight, based on the pasty detergent mixture. Table 1 example Paste 1 Paste 2 alpha-sulfo-C _16/18 fatty acid disodium salt 18.0% 25.0% Tallow sulfate 11.0% 15.0% Coconut fatty acid 2.0% 4.0% Triethanolamine 0.5% 1.0% MgSO₄. 7 H₂O 8.0% 10.0% Fatty alcohol + ethylene oxide / propylene oxide (Dehypon LT 24) 3.0% 3.0% Phosphonate, 33% 1.5% 1.5% enzyme 0.8% 0.8% Ethanol -% 10.0% Propylene glycol 1.2 -% 5.0% water Rest% Rest% % Wash-active substance (WAS) 34 47 pH value (1% solution) 8.0 8.2

The pastes are produced in detail as follows: water and triethanolamine are introduced, the fatty acid is dissolved in the liquid phase at approx. 50 ° C, then the surfactant components are stirred in. Finally, the remaining components, including the water-miscible organic solvents used in the case of Example 2, are added.

The paste of Example 1 shows the value of 218 750 mPas in the determination of the viscosity with the Brookfield-Helipath RVF (spindle T-E, 4 rpm).

In a European standard washing machine with a horizontal drum arrangement and loading from the front, comparative washing tests are carried out on standard soiled tissue samples. The paste-like detergent formulations of Examples 1 and 2 according to the invention are applied in a predetermined dosage directly to a white textile piece of the machine load and are added in this form to the textile goods to be washed in the drum before the washing process begins.

For comparison, a standard liquid detergent from the trade is used in a conventional manner in the washing-up chamber of the machine in corresponding washing tests.

Table 2 below summarizes the reflectance values obtained when washing with the pastes according to the invention from Examples 1 and 2 and combined with the corresponding values in comparative washing tests with the standard liquid detergent. The conditions of the washing process are in all cases as follows: temperature 40 ° C, liquor ratio 1: 30, water hardness 16 ° dH, nominal dosage 10 g of the detergent mixture / l washing liquor. Table 2 example Paste 1 Paste 2 commercially available liquid detergent % Remission of the washed test materials SW-B 64.5 72.1 66.9 SH-BV 66.3 70.4 71.6 SH-PBV 62.0 63.6 54.7 SH-P 57.2 64.0 68.5 RO-B 43.5 49.1 43.9 M-PBV 62.5 63.5 63.3 MU-PBV 56.4 58.7 57.3 LS-PBV 38.7 42.6 46.2 R-BV 42.5 44.5 40.0 T-BV 37.2 48.6 38.2 K-BV 56.6 58.5 58.3 MK-B 75.5 76.7 75.0 MR-B 73.6 76.1 76.6 MBR-B 72.0 75.2 71.9

The washed test materials are identified by the type of soiling and by the textile carrier. The following key applies:

Soiling:

SW = dust / wool fat
SH = dust / skin fat
RO = soot / olive oil
M = mineral oil
MU = makeup
LS = lipstick
R = red wine
T = tea
K = cocoa
MK = milk / cocoa
MR = milk / soot
BMR = blood / milk / soot

General textile types:

B = cotton, BV = cotton finished, PBV = polyester / cotton finished, P = polyester

Examples 3 to 11 below describe various paste compositions and their preparation, which can be used for the purposes of the process according to the invention. Following Example 11, a summary of the viscosity values for the pastes from these Examples 3 to 11 is given in Table 3.

Example 3

16.0% alkyl benzene sulfonate
15.0% coconut tallow (1: 1) sulfate (AS Sulfopon KT115)
25.0% sodium tripolyphosphate (NaTPP)
2.0% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)
Rest of water
≙ 31% WHAT
white, smooth paste

Manufacturing:

Let the CMC swell in part of the water, add ABS and dissolve at approx. 50 ° C. Stir in the fatty alcohol sulfate until homogeneous. Add the remaining water and finally work in NaTPP homogeneously.

Example 4

13.5% ABS monoethanolamine salt
10.0% fatty alcohol ethoxylate (Dehydol LT7)
5.0% fatty alcohol ethoxylate (Dehydol TA5)
1.5% Comperlan KD (coconut fatty acid diethanolamide)
10.0% water glass 58/80
5.0% CMC
Rest of water
≙ 30% WHAT
yellowish, soft, cloudy paste

Manufacturing:

Let the CMC pre-swell in part of the water, dissolve the remaining components one after the other at approx. 50 ° C. Add the rest of the water and then the water glass.

Example 5

14.0% C16 / 18 ester sulfonate (AS Texin ES 68)
5.0% (Dehydol LT7)
3.0% (Comperlan KD)
3.5% CMC
Rest of water
≙ 22% WHAT
light beige, smooth paste

Manufacturing:

Add water, allow CMC to swell, then stir in Texin ES 68, Dehydol LT7 and Comperlan KD at approx. 50 ° C.

Example 6

10.0% fatty acids Edenor KPK 1218
2.0% NaOH cookies
19.0% C12 / 18 sulfate (sulfopone K35)
1.0% CMC
Rest of water
≙ 30% WHAT
white smooth paste

Manufacturing:

Submit water and NaOH, allow CMC to swell in it, then dissolve fatty acid at approx. 70 ° C. Finally stir in sulfopone K35.

Example 7

5.0% coconut / palm kernel oil fatty acids Edenor KPK 1218
1.0% NaOH cookies
21.0% coconut tallow (1: 1) sulfate (Sulfopon KT 115)
1.0% CMC
Rest of water
≙ 27% WHAT
white smooth paste

Manufacturing:

See example 6.

Example 8

13.5% ABS
8.0% Eumulgin WM 10 (fatty alcohol ethoxylate)
3.0% Na sulfate
2.5% Na chloride
4.0% CMC
Rest of water
≙ 21% WHAT
light beige, soft paste

Manufacturing:

Introduce water, allow CMC to swell, dissolve ABS and nonionic surfactant if necessary with heating, then stir in salts.

Example 9

13.5% ABS
3.0% dehydol LT7
0.5% Comperlan KD
2.0% fatty acid Edenor KPK 1218
0.5% NaOH cookies
4.0% CMC
3.0% NaTPP
Rest of water
≙ 20% WHAT
white, flowable paste

Manufacturing:

Submit water and NaOH, allow CMC to swell, dissolve fatty acid at approx. 70 ° C, then dissolve surfactants and finally stir in NaTPP.

Example 10

10.0% ABS
12.0% dehydol LT7
9.4% fatty acid KPK 1218
3.7% triethanolamine
2.0% NaOH cookies
5.0% glycerin
Rest of water
≙ 32% WHAT
beige, smooth paste

Manufacturing:

Add water and NaOH, dissolve fatty acid at approx. 70 ° C, add TEA, stir in ABS and dehydol LT7, then add glycerin.

Example 11

14.0% ABS
16.0% dehydol LT7
4.0% Edenor HTL (fatty acid)
9.0% Edenor K 1218
5.0% triethanolamine
1.0% Turpinal 2046 (phosphonate)
0.5% glycerin
Rest of water
≙43% WHAT
light beige, flowable paste

Manufacturing:

Introduce water and TEA, dissolve fatty acids at 50 ° C, stir in ABS and dehydol LT7, then incorporate phosphonate and glycerin.

Table 3 Viscosities of the washing pastes from Examples 3 to 11 at room temperature:

Brookfield-Helipath RVF
Speed: 4 rpm
Spindle: T -...
Measurement at 21 ° C: Example 3 400 000 mPas (TE) "4 50 500 mPas (TD) "5 66,500 mPas (TD) "6 450 000 mPas (TE) "7 875,000 mPas (TE) " 8th 55,000 mPas (TD) "9 16 850 mPas (TC) "10 575,000 mPas (TE) "11 16 850 mPas (TC)

Example 12

A pasty detergent of the following composition was made by mixing the following ingredients: 35.5% by weight C _12/14 fatty alcohol + 3 moles of ethylene oxide 8.9% by weight C _{12/18 fatty} alcohol + 5 moles of ethylene oxide 15.0% by weight Alkylbenzenesulfonate powder 4.0% by weight C _16/22 soap 3.95% by weight Polyethylene glycol, molecular weight 400 20.0% by weight Sodium tripolyphosphate 10.0% by weight Sodium perborate monohydrate 1.0% by weight Phosphonate 0.2% by weight optical brightener 0.05% by weight dye 0.5% by weight Enzyme (alkalase) 0.5% by weight Silicone defoamer

The paste-like mixture was ground wet and degassed by applying a vacuum. It had a density of 1.3.

Both from a wedge-bottom tube with a circular outlet opening of approx. 16 millimeters in diameter and from a bellows tube with a circular outlet opening of approx. 22 millimeters in diameter, it was easy to squeeze onto an absorbent cloth. Despite the absorbent cloth, the strand of detergent paste did not run out after being squeezed out on the cloth. The cloth with the strand of detergent could be folded up and placed on the washing of the washing machine without the detergent paste being pressed through.

The paste was dissolved a short time (about 10 minutes) after the start of the washing program of the automatic drum washing machine. The washing result was excellent.

The dispensing cloth contained markings for the length of the washing machine paste required for a washing machine filling as a function of the water hardness of the washing water according to FIG. 1.

Claims (13)

1. Improved process for machine washing soiled textile goods with an aqueous wash liquor containing detersive surfactants with portioned addition of a surfactant-containing detergent concentrate directly into the textile goods to be cleaned and subsequent formation of the wash liquor by preferably gradually adding water and circulating the textile goods, characterized in that if desired, the at least predominant proportion of the detersive surfactants, together with other detergent ingredients, is pasted into the still dry and / or moistened textile goods at least largely dimensionally stable pasty to dough-like formulations at room temperature. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that water and / or water-soluble solvent-containing detergent concentrates are used in spreadable to kneadable formulations, the surfactant content of which is preferably about 75% by weight, advantageously about 60% by weight and in particular about 50% by weight. -% does not exceed -% by weight based on detergent concentrate. 3. The method according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that one works with detergent concentrates containing dispersing aids, the addition of these components being carried out in particular when using sparingly water-soluble at room temperature and / or surfactants which tend to gel. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that readily water-soluble and / or water-swellable organic and / or inorganic additives, which can also be surfactant in nature, are used as dispersing agents. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that dimensionally stable detergent concentrates are used whose viscosities (Höppler viscometers) at 35 ° C do not exceed about 350,000 mPas and preferably about 250,000 mPas, working with easily portionable at room temperature , supple pastes or ointments may be preferred, the Höppler viscosities at room temperature in particular not exceeding approximately 300,000 mPas, preferably approximately 200,000 mPas and in particular not exceeding the range of approximately 15,000 to 150,000 mPas (20 ± 2 ° C.). 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that dimensionally stable detergent concentrates are used which have a dissolution rate in water of at least 40% by weight, preferably of at least 50% by weight. 7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the detergent concentrate is applied to a white or colourfast piece of textile upon entry into the textile material and, if desired, enveloped therein. 8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the pasty to dough-like detergent concentrates in addition to the detergent surfactants other common textile detergent ingredients such as organic and / or inorganic builder components, washing alkalis, dirt-carrying compounds, enzymes, brighteners, fragrances and / or contain dyes. 9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the detergent concentrates as dispersing agents with their own washing performance, especially in combination with surfactant components which are sparingly water-soluble at room temperature, contain disalts of alpha-sulfofatty acids, preferably corresponding components from fatty acid cuts with predominantly C _{16 / 18} fatty acids are used. 10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that when the wash liquor is built up by preferably gradually adding water to the detergent concentrate containing textile material, the amount of the detergent solution determined by approximately dripping wet machine contents and the wetting process thus preferably taking place with circulation are expanded over time, before the more dilute final concentration of the detergent solution is adjusted by adding more water. 11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the wetting process with the dripping wet product for the period of at least a few minutes z. B. 5 to 15 min. is expanded. 12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that a detergent based on nonionic and particulate builders is used as the detergent concentrate, which is a surfactant liquid component
a) adducts of 2 to 8 moles of ethylene oxide with 1 mole of fatty alcohol with 10 to 20 carbon atoms;
b) anionic surfactants of the sulfate, sulfonate and soap type,
c) polyethylene glycol with a molecular weight of about 200 to 600,
contains, with the proviso that the amount of components a) + b) + c) is greater than 20 wt .-%, in particular 20 to 50 wt .-% of the total detergent, the ratio a): b) in the range is more than 2: 1 to 3: 1 and has a density of less than 1.4 to 1.2 and is practically water-free and practically gas-free. 13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that the paste-like detergent concentrate is applied to a white or color-fast textile piece as a dispensing cloth with markings for the length of strand of the detergent paste required for a washing machine filling and, if desired, enveloped therein.

Images