EP0323484B1 - Liner for a warhead - Google Patents

Liner for a warhead Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0323484B1
EP0323484B1 EP19880902446 EP88902446A EP0323484B1 EP 0323484 B1 EP0323484 B1 EP 0323484B1 EP 19880902446 EP19880902446 EP 19880902446 EP 88902446 A EP88902446 A EP 88902446A EP 0323484 B1 EP0323484 B1 EP 0323484B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
liner
area
insert
explosive
projectile
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19880902446
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0323484A1 (en
Inventor
Rolf Rittel
Torsten Niemeyer
Peter Tripptrap
Jürgen BÖCKER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rheinmetall Industrie AG
Original Assignee
Rheinmetall GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rheinmetall GmbH filed Critical Rheinmetall GmbH
Publication of EP0323484A1 publication Critical patent/EP0323484A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0323484B1 publication Critical patent/EP0323484B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B1/00—Explosive charges characterised by form or shape but not dependent on shape of container
    • F42B1/02—Shaped or hollow charges
    • F42B1/028—Shaped or hollow charges characterised by the form of the liner

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an insert for a warhead, the type defined in the preamble of claim 1.
  • a warhead with an insert which is designed as a spherical cap is known from US Pat. No. 4,356,770.
  • This spherical cap creates an essentially rod-shaped projectile through explosive deformation, but due to its aerodynamically unfavorable shape it has unstable flight behavior, a high drop in speed and consequently an inadequate end-ballistic performance.
  • the high drop in speed is essentially caused by the hemispherical shape of the projectile tip.
  • a projectile-forming insert corresponding to the features of the preamble of patent claim 1 can be seen as known.
  • this insert which consists of a basic cone
  • a central area of the insert contains a cone which deviates from the basic cone and has an acute cone angle.
  • this causes the tip area to break out of the remaining part of the projectile during explosive forming.
  • the aim of this is to create two partial storeys, with the leading partial storey formed from the tip area penetrating the camouflage layer of armor and thus creating an opening through which the subsequent storey can fly unhindered and without impairing its penetration effect.
  • the disadvantageous shape present here in particular the main part of the projectile, does not guarantee an increase in the final ballistic performance.
  • FIG. 1 shows an essentially hollow-cylindrical warhead 10, in the housing 11 of which an explosive charge 13 activated by an igniter 12 is arranged.
  • the explosive charge 13 is delimited on one side by a dome-shaped insert 14, from which a projectile can be formed by explosive deformation.
  • the insert 14 has the shape of a spherical cap.
  • the projectile shown schematically in FIG. 1 with 15 can be produced from such an insert by the explosive shaping after ignition of the explosive charge 13. Such projectiles have a strong drop in speed, which is due to the aerodynamically unfavorable shape of the tip of the projectile 15. As shown in FIG. 1, the insert 14 creates a projectile 15 with a tip in the shape of a hemisphere.
  • FIG. 2 shows an insert 20 which, apart from a central area 22, essentially corresponds to the insert 14 (FIG. 1).
  • the insert In the area 22 around the center of the insert, the insert has a stronger convex curvature in the direction of the explosive 13 (FIG. 1) than outside the area 22.
  • the geometric change in the area 22 of the insert can have any shape (linear, square, S-shaped, etc.) such that the radial pressure components pr at the edge of the area 22 are larger within this area than the radial pressure components p'r outside of area 22 but also in the immediate vicinity of this area.
  • the height ⁇ x of the curvature and the diameter d of the area 22 up to which the geometric change is made depend on the explosive used and the insert material and must each be determined experimentally.
  • the maximum diameter d of the area 22 is approximately 10 to 25% of the diameter D of the insert 20 and the height ⁇ x of the bulge (indentation) must be less than 15 in this area % of the curvature of the insert 20.
  • the wall thickness s of the insert within the area around the insert center can be selected to be at least in a partial area smaller than the wall thickness of the insert outside of the said area.
  • a corresponding exemplary embodiment is shown in FIG. 3.
  • the insert 40 was the insert and 50 the projectile resulting from the insert 40 being exploded.
  • the area 42 around the insert center corresponds to the area 22 in FIG. 2.
  • the insert geometry is changed in a partial area 43 such that the corresponding diameter s is smaller than the diameter S of the insert outside the area 42.
  • the remaining one Wall thickness of the insert in area 43 must, however, be selected so that the insert does not burst in the case of particularly explosive explosives.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
  • Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)
  • Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

In known warhead liners (14), projectiles (15) with extremely flattened noses are produced as a result of explosion deformation. In consequence, the speed of such projectiles (15) is drastically reduced and the target speed is generally too low. To diminish the reduction in speed, the lining (20) has, inside a predetermined area (22) around the centre of the lining, a deeper indentation in the direction of the explosive (13) required for the explosion deformation than outside but in the immediate vicinity of this area (22). This measure makes it possible to achieve a projectile (30) with an ogival nose of smaller diameter.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Einlage für einen Gefechtskopf, der im Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 definierten Art.The invention relates to an insert for a warhead, the type defined in the preamble of claim 1.

Aus der US-PS 4,356,770 ist ein Gefechtskopf mit einer Einlage bekannt, die als Kugelkalotte ausgebildet ist. Durch Explosivumformung entsteht aus dieser Kugelkalotte ein im wesentlichen stabförmiges Projektil, das jedoch aufgrund seiner aerodynamisch ungünstigen Form ein instabiles Flugverhalten, einen hohen Geschwindigkeitsabfall und demzufolge eine ungenügende endballistische Leistung aufweist. Der hohe Geschwindigkeitsabfall wird im wesentlichen durch die halbkugelförmige Gestalt der Geschoßspitze verursacht.A warhead with an insert which is designed as a spherical cap is known from US Pat. No. 4,356,770. This spherical cap creates an essentially rod-shaped projectile through explosive deformation, but due to its aerodynamically unfavorable shape it has unstable flight behavior, a high drop in speed and consequently an inadequate end-ballistic performance. The high drop in speed is essentially caused by the hemispherical shape of the projectile tip.

Aus der nicht veröffentlichten DE-Patentanmeldung P 35 29 405.1 ist bereits die Einlage eines Gefechtskopfes bekannt, mit der eine ogivale Spitze des Projektiles durch Modifikationen der Einlagenmitte erzielt werden kann. Allerdings haben sich in der Praxis Schwierigkeiten bei Verwendung mit sehr brisantem Sprengstoff ergeben, weil die Anwendung der vorstehend erwähnten Anmeldung zu einer Hohlprojektilnase führt, die unter Verwendung von brisantem Sprengstoff aufplatzen kann.From the unpublished DE patent application P 35 29 405.1 the insert of a warhead is already known, with which an ogival tip of the projectile can be achieved by modifying the center of the insert. However, difficulties have arisen in practice when used with very explosive explosives, because the application of the above-mentioned application leads to a hollow projectile nose which can burst open with the use of explosive explosives.

Aus der DE-PS 11 95 641 sind ferner Einlagen zur Erzeugung von Projektilen durch Explosivumformung bekannt, bei denen aufgrund der progressiven Wandstärkenschwächung der Auskleidung schlanke Projektile hoher Geschwindigkeit erzeugt werden können. Nachteilig bei diesen Geschossen ist vor allem, daß die Projektilnase, vor allem bei Verwendung von brisantem Sprengstoff relativ stumpf ist, weil die Wandstärke der Einlage im Zentrum einen vorgegebenen und von dem Sprengstoff abhängigen Wert nicht unterschreiten darf.From DE-PS 11 95 641 deposits for the production of projectiles by explosive deformation are also known in which slim projectiles can be produced at high speed due to the progressive weakening of the wall thickness of the lining. A disadvantage of these projectiles is above all that the projectile nose, especially when using explosive explosives, is relatively blunt because the wall thickness of the insert in the center must not be less than a predetermined value which is dependent on the explosive.

Aus der FR-A 1 561 297 ist eine den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs des Patentanspruchs 1 entsprechende projektilbildende Einlage als bekannt zu entnehmen. Bei dieser, aus einem Grundkegel bestehenden Einlage, enthält ein zentraler Bereich der Einlage einen von dem Grundkegel abweichenden Kegel mit spitzerem Kegelwinkel. Dadurch tritt jedoch bei der Explosivumformung ein Ausbrechen des Spitzenbereichs aus dem restlichen Teil des Geschosses auf. Hierdurch soll erreicht werden, daß zwei Teilgeschosse entstehen, wobei das aus dem Spitzenbereich gebildete vorlaufende Teilgeschoß die Tarnschicht von panzern durchschlagen soll und damit eine Öffnung herstellt, durch die das nachfolgende Geschoß ungehindert und ohne Beeinträchtigung seiner Durchschlagswirkung hindurchfliegen kann. Die auch hier vorliegende nachteilige Formgebung, insbesondere des Geschoßhauptanteiles, gewährleistet jedoch keine Steigerung der endballistischen Leistung.From FR-A 1 561 297 a projectile-forming insert corresponding to the features of the preamble of patent claim 1 can be seen as known. In the case of this insert, which consists of a basic cone, a central area of the insert contains a cone which deviates from the basic cone and has an acute cone angle. However, this causes the tip area to break out of the remaining part of the projectile during explosive forming. The aim of this is to create two partial storeys, with the leading partial storey formed from the tip area penetrating the camouflage layer of armor and thus creating an opening through which the subsequent storey can fly unhindered and without impairing its penetration effect. However, the disadvantageous shape present here, in particular the main part of the projectile, does not guarantee an increase in the final ballistic performance.

Demgegenüber ist es Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine Einlage für einen Gefechtskopf anzugeben, die durch Explosivumformung die Erzeugung eines Projektiles mit gesteigerter endballistischer Leistung und eine Anhebung der Zielgeschwindigkeit auch bei brisantem Sprengstoff ermöglicht.In contrast, it is an object of the invention to provide an insert for a warhead which, by explosive deformation, enables the production of a projectile with increased end-ballistic performance and an increase in the target speed even with explosive explosives.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale des kennzeichnenden Teils des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by the features of the characterizing part of claim 1.

Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.Further advantageous embodiments of the invention result from the subclaims.

Im folgenden wird anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen und mit Hilfe von Figuren die Erfindung näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments and with the aid of figures.

Es zeigen:Show it:

  • Fig. 1 einen Längsschnitt durch einen herkömmlichen Gefechtskopf mit einer Einlage und ein durch Explosivumformung aus der Einlage erzeugtes Projektil;1 shows a longitudinal section through a conventional warhead with an insert and a projectile produced by explosive deformation from the insert.
  • Fig. 2 eine erfindungsgemäße kugelkalottenförmige Einlage mit einem aus der Einlage erzeugten Projektil;2 shows a spherical cap-shaped insert according to the invention with a projectile produced from the insert;
  • Fig. 3 ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Einlage, mit dem durch Explosivumformung aus der Einlage erzeugten Projektil.Fig. 3 shows another embodiment of an insert according to the invention, with the projectile generated by explosive deformation from the insert.

Fig. 1 zeigt einen im wesentlichen hohlzylindrisch ausgebildeten Gefechtskopf 10, in dessen Gehäuse 11 eine von einem Zünder 12 aktivierte Sprengladung 13 angeordnet ist. Die Sprengladung 13 ist auf einer Seite von einer kalottenförmig ausgebildeten Einlage 14 begrenzt, aus der durch Explosivumformung ein Projektil gebildet werden kann.1 shows an essentially hollow-cylindrical warhead 10, in the housing 11 of which an explosive charge 13 activated by an igniter 12 is arranged. The explosive charge 13 is delimited on one side by a dome-shaped insert 14, from which a projectile can be formed by explosive deformation.

Bei dem herkömmlichen Gefechtskopf 10 hat die Einlage 14 die Gestalt einer Kugelkalotte. Aus einer derartigen Einlage kann durch die Explosivumformung nach Zündung der Sprengladung 13 das in Fig. 1 mit 15 schematisch dargestellte Projektil erzeugt werden. Derartige Projektile weisen einen starken Geschwindigkeitsabfall auf, der auf die aerodynamisch ungünstige Gestalt der Spitze des Projektils 15 zurückzuführen ist. Wie Fig. 1 zeigt, entstehen aus der Einlage 14 nämlich ein Projektil 15 mit einer Spitze in Gestalt einer Halbkugel.In the conventional warhead 10, the insert 14 has the shape of a spherical cap. The projectile shown schematically in FIG. 1 with 15 can be produced from such an insert by the explosive shaping after ignition of the explosive charge 13. Such projectiles have a strong drop in speed, which is due to the aerodynamically unfavorable shape of the tip of the projectile 15. As shown in FIG. 1, the insert 14 creates a projectile 15 with a tip in the shape of a hemisphere.

Fig. 2 zeigt eine Einlage 20, die bis auf einen zentralen Bereich 22 im wesentlichen der Einlage 14 (Fig. 1) entspricht. In dem Bereich 22 um das Einlagenzentrum herum weist die Einlage eine stärkere konvexe Wölbung in Richtung des Sprengstoffes 13 (Fig. 1) auf als außerhalb des Bereiches 22. Es hat sich gezeigt, daß durch diese Änderung der Einlagengeometrie das durch die Explosionsumformung der Einlage erzeugte Projektil 30 eine ogivale Projektilnase mit gleichzeitig verringertem Nasendurchmesser erhält. Die geometrische Änderung im Bereich 22 der Einlage kann einen beliebigen Verlauf (linear, quadratisch, s-förmig etc.) dergestalt aufweisen, daß die radialen Druckkomponenten pr am Rande des Bereiches 22 aber innerhalb dieses Bereiches größer sind, als die radialen Druckkomponenten p′r außerhalb des Bereiches 22 aber ebenfalls in unmittelbarer Umgebung dieses Bereiches.FIG. 2 shows an insert 20 which, apart from a central area 22, essentially corresponds to the insert 14 (FIG. 1). In the area 22 around the center of the insert, the insert has a stronger convex curvature in the direction of the explosive 13 (FIG. 1) than outside the area 22. It has been shown that this change in the insert geometry produces that caused by the explosive deformation of the insert Projektil 30 receives an ogival projectile nose with a simultaneously reduced nose diameter. The geometric change in the area 22 of the insert can have any shape (linear, square, S-shaped, etc.) such that the radial pressure components pr at the edge of the area 22 are larger within this area than the radial pressure components p'r outside of area 22 but also in the immediate vicinity of this area.

Die Höhe Δ x der Wölbung und der Durchmesser d des Bereiches 22 bis zu dem die geometrische Änderung vorgenommen wird, hängen von dem verwendeten Sprengstoff und dem Einlagenmaterial ab und müssen jeweils experimentell ermittelt werden.The height Δ x of the curvature and the diameter d of the area 22 up to which the geometric change is made depend on the explosive used and the insert material and must each be determined experimentally.

So beträgt bei Verwendung von Octol 70/30 als Sprengstoff und Eisen als Einlagenmaterial der maximale Durchmesser d des Bereiches 22 etwa 10 bis 25 % des Durchmessers D der Einlage 20 und die Höhe Δ x der Wölbung (Einbuchtung) muß in diesem Bereich kleiner als 15 % der Höhe der Wölbung der Einlage 20 sein.For example, when using Octol 70/30 as an explosive and iron as an insert material, the maximum diameter d of the area 22 is approximately 10 to 25% of the diameter D of the insert 20 and the height Δ x of the bulge (indentation) must be less than 15 in this area % of the curvature of the insert 20.

Um die ogivale Form des Projektiles weiter zu optimieren, kann zusätzlich die Wandstärke s der Einlage innerhalb des Bereiches um das Einlagenzentrum herum mindestens in einem Teilbereich kleiner gewählt werden als die Wandstärke der Einlage außerhalb des besagten Bereiches. Ein entsprechendes Ausführungsbeispiel zeigt Fig. 3.In order to further optimize the ogival shape of the projectile, the wall thickness s of the insert within the area around the insert center can be selected to be at least in a partial area smaller than the wall thickness of the insert outside of the said area. A corresponding exemplary embodiment is shown in FIG. 3.

Dabei wurde mit 40 die Einlage und mit 50 das durch Explosionsumformung der Einlage 40 entstehende Projektil bezeichnet. Der Bereich 42 um das Einlagenzentrum herum entspricht dem Bereich 22 in Fig. 2. Innnerhalb des bereiches 42 wird in einem Teilbereich 43 die Einlagengeometrie derart geändert, daß der entsprechende Durchmesser s kleiner ist als der Durchmesser S der Einlage außerhalb des bereiches 42. Die verbleibende Wandstärke der Einlage in dem Bereich 43 muß allerdings so gewählt werden, daß bei besonders brisantem Sprengstoff kein Platzen der Einlage erfolgt.40 was the insert and 50 the projectile resulting from the insert 40 being exploded. The area 42 around the insert center corresponds to the area 22 in FIG. 2. Within the area 42, the insert geometry is changed in a partial area 43 such that the corresponding diameter s is smaller than the diameter S of the insert outside the area 42. The remaining one Wall thickness of the insert in area 43 must, however, be selected so that the insert does not burst in the case of particularly explosive explosives.

Claims (5)

1. Liner (14,20,40) for a warhead (10) for the production of a projectile (15,30,50) by explosive deformation of the liner (14,20,40), the liner (20,40) having, within a preselected area (22,42) around the centre of the liner, a greater concavity in the direction of the explosive force (13) required for the explosive deformation than outside said area, but in the immediate vicinity of the said area (22,42) characterised by the fact that the concavity is formed as a convexity around the centre of the lining, which convexity on explosive deformation of the lining produces a pointed projectile nose (31) which cannot be broken away.
2. Liner in accordance with Claim 1, characterised by the fact that the wall thickness of the liner (20) within the area (22) around the centre of the liner is equal to the wall thickness of the liner (20) outside the said area (22).
3. Liner in accordance with Claim 1, characterised by the fact that the wall thickness (S) of the liner (40) within the area (42) around the centre of the liner is less, at least in one part (43), than the wall thickness (S) of the liner (40) outside the area (42).
4. Liner in accordance with Claim 1 or 2, characterised by the fact that the diameter (d) of the area (22,42) around the centre of the liner amounts to 10 to 35% of the diameter (D) of the liner (20,40).
5. Liner in accordance with one of Claims 1 to 4, characterised by the fact that the height (Δ x) of the convexity of the area (22,42) around the centre of the liner is not more than 15% of the height (F) of the convexity of the liner.
EP19880902446 1987-07-03 1988-03-05 Liner for a warhead Expired - Lifetime EP0323484B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19873722024 DE3722024A1 (en) 1987-07-03 1987-07-03 INSERT FOR A HEAD OF WAR
DE3722024 1987-07-03

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0323484A1 EP0323484A1 (en) 1989-07-12
EP0323484B1 true EP0323484B1 (en) 1992-04-22

Family

ID=6330852

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19880902446 Expired - Lifetime EP0323484B1 (en) 1987-07-03 1988-03-05 Liner for a warhead

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US4979443A (en)
EP (1) EP0323484B1 (en)
DE (2) DE3722024A1 (en)
DK (1) DK71089A (en)
GR (1) GR1000024B (en)
NO (1) NO884373L (en)
PT (1) PT87331B (en)
WO (1) WO1989000274A1 (en)

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US5251561A (en) * 1992-06-11 1993-10-12 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Open apex shaped charge-type explosive device having special disc means with slide surface thereon to influence movement of open apex shaped charge liner during collapse of same during detonation
US5792977A (en) * 1997-06-13 1998-08-11 Western Atlas International, Inc. High performance composite shaped charge
US6349649B1 (en) * 1998-09-14 2002-02-26 Schlumberger Technology Corp. Perforating devices for use in wells
US6305289B1 (en) * 1998-09-30 2001-10-23 Western Atlas International, Inc. Shaped charge for large diameter perforations
US6244186B1 (en) 1999-07-26 2001-06-12 Joseph F. L. John Pichard Air gun pellet
US7222573B2 (en) * 2005-04-01 2007-05-29 Pontieri James M Aerodynamic air gun projectile
US8156871B2 (en) * 2007-09-21 2012-04-17 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Liner for shaped charges
US7954433B1 (en) * 2008-07-24 2011-06-07 Matt Bradley Barnett Explosive shaped charge device
JP2010169318A (en) * 2009-01-23 2010-08-05 Ihi Aerospace Co Ltd Molded explosive charge warhead and tandem warhead using the same
CN104457433B (en) * 2014-10-24 2016-02-24 中国船舶重工集团公司第七〇五研究所 A kind of combination cavity liner
FR3057868B1 (en) 2016-10-26 2018-10-26 Arkema France COMPOSITION BASED ON ALLYLIC MONOMERS AND PEROXIDE (S) FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ORGANIC GLASSES
KR101823819B1 (en) * 2017-03-31 2018-01-30 국방과학연구소 The liner for penetrator with dual performance for multi-functional warhead
KR102338251B1 (en) * 2020-08-05 2021-12-10 국방과학연구소 Explosively formed penetratorfor the penetrator

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO884373L (en) 1989-01-12
DE3870430D1 (en) 1992-05-27
US4979443A (en) 1990-12-25
DE3722024A1 (en) 1989-01-12
GR880100271A (en) 1989-04-12
PT87331B (en) 1993-09-30
NO884373D0 (en) 1988-10-03
DK71089D0 (en) 1989-02-15
WO1989000274A1 (en) 1989-01-12
DK71089A (en) 1989-03-01
GR1000024B (en) 1990-01-31
PT87331A (en) 1989-06-30
EP0323484A1 (en) 1989-07-12

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