EP0321915B1 - Device for display wall boards, preferably composed of a plurality of individual elements - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a device for moving wall elements, preferably composed of a plurality of individual elements, according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

It is known to stack stones on pallets and to move the stack together with the pallet, for example at the place of manufacture on a vehicle or from the vehicle to a construction site. It is also known to grasp such a package with the aid of a suitable gripping tool and to transport it from one location to the next. The stones or building elements are usually objects that are on the site of one Person can still be handled easily, especially when putting a wall. For reasons of rationalization, people are going to use larger wall elements. They are created from a large number of individual elements that are mortared and / or glued together. Such wall elements have, for example, a height of one third of a standardized floor height. They also have the advantage that their length can be adapted to the desired structural dimensions at the place of manufacture (DE-PS 32 30 078). With the help of wall elements of this type, a shell can be pulled up much more quickly than in the conventional construction. However, such wall elements have a weight that can no longer be controlled by one person. A suitable lifting device must therefore be provided in order to bring the wall elements to a storage location at the place of manufacture, from the storage location to a transport trolley, from the transport trolley to a construction site to a storage location there and from there to the desired location. In this context, it has become known to grip the wall element from above and to hold it in the form of pliers. A disadvantage of the known device is that the wall elements are arranged at a certain distance from one another so that the gripping elements can grip the wall element from both sides. Another disadvantage is that due to the not inconsiderable clamping forces there is a risk that the top edges of the wall element will be damaged.

From DE-U-87 01 883 a device for moving large-format bricks or plan elements has become known, in which scissor rods are arranged to be longitudinally displaceable on a traverse with gripper sections which can be inserted into holes or holes in the stones in order to grip the stones by clamping and to be able to move. At least two bores or holes are required for each stone or element, in each of which a jaw of the clamping elements arranged in pairs engages.

The invention has for its object to provide a device for moving wall elements, preferably composed of a plurality of individual elements, which is simple in construction and can be operated and allows easy handling of the wall elements without damaging them.

This object is achieved by the features of the characterizing part of patent claim 1.

In the device according to the invention, the holding elements for gripping a wall element have a holding mandrel which contains a radially expandable holding section. The holding mandrel interacts with a hole that is made in the top of the wall element. The hole can be made subsequently by machining, but it can also be formed during the manufacture of the individual elements. The holding mandrel is freely inserted into the hole to move the wall element. An actuator is then actuated to adjust the holding section so that the holding section engages with a section of the bore and holds the mandrel in the pull-out direction. Preferably two are spaced Holding mandrels are provided to move a wall element.

The device according to the invention has the advantage that a lateral gripping of the wall element is not necessary, and therefore any desired desired element can be grasped from a larger number of upright wall elements and transported to a desired location. A prior displacement of the wall element for better detection by the device is not necessary. Another advantage is that the device according to the invention prevents damage to the wall element, since outer surfaces are not gripped.

The radial expansion of the holding mandrel can be accomplished constructively in various ways. An embodiment of the invention provides for this that the holding mandrel has a plurality of, preferably three, spaced-apart jaws which are radially adjustable and / or pivotally attached. The jaws are adjusted by the actuator to selectively engage the bore wall. According to a further embodiment of the invention, the actuating member is an actuating rod, which is preferably a thickening or the like has, which cooperates with a corresponding section on the inside of the jaws in order to adjust or pivot them outwards. For example, the thickening can have a conical surface which projects downward beyond the mandrel in the release position of the actuating rod. If the actuating rod is pulled upwards, the conical surface spreads the jaws radially outwards.

The holding section or the jaws can interact non-positively with the bore wall. However, it is preferable to have an almost complete interlocking interaction in such a way that a shoulder of the holding section or the jaws passes under an undercut surface in the bore when they are adjusted to the holding position. A frictional connection may lead to the hole exploding, since the load-bearing capacities are considerable. This danger does not apply to positive interactions.

So that the holding mandrels do not involuntarily get into the release position during transport, the actuator is preferably lockable. The actuator can, for example, automatically lock when the holding section or the holding jaws are moved into the holding position be so that when unlocking, the operator must selectively unlock the actuator.

A further embodiment of the invention provides a holder for the mandrels, which is mounted on the holding elements parallel to an axis and rotatable at a distance from the mandrel axis, preferably by approximately 380 °. Depending on the installed state, the wall element can also be attached transversely to the plane of the frame and can also be better grasped in special positions. Since the bores are not always at a constant distance from one another, according to a further embodiment of the invention, the holding elements on the frame are mounted essentially horizontally displaceably, for example along a horizontal cross member on the frame, which is at least partially encompassed by the holding elements. The displaceability of the holding elements has the further advantage that after inserting the mandrels into the bores, the frame can be displaced relative to the wall element, so that a suspension of the wall element in the center of gravity is approximately possible.

As already mentioned, the mandrels can be operated by an operator. However, it is also an automatic gripping of the bore wall conceivable through the holding mandrel. For this purpose, an embodiment of the invention provides that the actuating member has an actuating section which can be brought into engagement with the upper side of the wall element or a bore section, which is axially adjusted when the holding mandrel is inserted into the bore and in the holding mandrel a one- or two-stage mechanism which can be actuated by the actuating section is arranged, which moves the holding section or the jaws into the holding position and locks therein when the actuating section executes a first axial movement and which moves the holding section or the jaws into the release position when the actuating section executes one of the first subsequent second axial movements. A two-stage or one-stage mechanism has become known, for example, in connection with pressure pens or ballpoint pens. The above-mentioned actuating rod for actuating the holding section or the jaws can be compared with the ballpoint pen refill, which is axially adjustable between a writing position and a rest position. The operating section corresponds, for example, to the push button of the ballpoint pen. The actuating section can cooperate with the top of the wall element or a bore section. The necessary actuation force is applied by the weight of the frame when it is placed on the wall element via the actuation section.

By placing the frame on a wall element, the mandrels can thus be locked and unlocked again when the frame is lowered again somewhat after the wall element has been set down.

In particular when automatically detecting and releasing a wall element, care must be taken to ensure that a connection that has been made has been made securely or has been completely loosened in order to prevent a wall element from falling, which may endanger persons. Lifting with only one mandrel while the other mandrel has not reached a positive or form fit can be dangerous under certain circumstances. Therefore, an embodiment of the invention provides a safety device that emits a signal when a holding mandrel is not or not sufficiently engaged with the bore. For example, each mandrel can be provided with an actuator which is acted upon by the signal of the safety device. If a holding mandrel is not in the desired position, for example a locking position, although this has been activated, the second holding mandrel is also automatically adjusted to the release position. A one-sided lifting of a wall element is not possible in this way. It is understood that the interaction of the actuations of both mandrels both can be accomplished electromechanically as well as mechanically.

An operator can insert the holding mandrels into the holes in the wall element. With the help of appropriate precautions, this process can be carried out automatically. This requires appropriate design measures on the frame and the holding mandrels so that the latter can find the holes. The operator of the hoist is usually at a remote location in order to achieve a quick and clean insertion of the mandrels into the relatively narrow bores. An embodiment of the invention provides in this context that a guide device is provided in which a plurality of wall elements forming a package can be received upright next to each other, at least on one end face and above the package guide surfaces are provided which can be moved transversely to the longitudinal axis of the wall elements and which Frame has a guide section cooperating with the guide surface for aligning the mandrel connection line with the bore connection line. The holes provided for receiving the mandrel mostly lie on the longitudinal axis of the wall element. The guide surfaces serve to be automatically aligned to the longitudinal axes. The package is with On one side approximately at the level of a reference plane, the guide must move predetermined adjustment distances so that it is aligned with the longitudinal axes of the individual wall elements. In this way, a desired wall element can be approached in any order and lifted out of the package using the mandrels. The control of the guidance can therefore take place according to a predetermined program in accordance with the program which specifies the use of the wall elements or their predetermined sequence. For this purpose, the wall elements are usually printed or otherwise provided with a code which can otherwise be read by a suitable reading device in order to obtain the automatic adjustment of the guide. Furthermore, the code can be used to align the mandrels to the bores, for example by adjusting motors for the mandrels receiving a corresponding control signal without contact from the guide device. Alternatively, the holding elements can be provided with search heads in order to find the hole automatically.

Fig. 1

zeigt eine Vorderansicht der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung in schematischer Darstellung.

Fig. 2

zeigt einen Schnitt eines Teils des Wandelements nach Fig. 1.

Fig. 3

zeigt einen Schnitt durch einen Dorn der Vorrichtung nach Fig. 1.

Fig. 4

zeigt schematisch eine Draufsicht auf eine erfindungsgemäße Führungsvorrichtung.

Fig. 5

zeigt die Seitenansicht der Vorrichtung nach Fig. 4 in Richtung Pfeil 5.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to drawings.

Fig. 1

shows a front view of the device according to the invention in a schematic representation.

Fig. 2

shows a section of part of the wall element of FIG. 1st

Fig. 3

shows a section through a mandrel of the device of FIG. 1st

Fig. 4

shows schematically a plan view of a guide device according to the invention.

Fig. 5

shows the side view of the device of FIG. 4 in the direction of arrow 5.

Before going into the unities shown in the drawings, it should be stated that each of the features described is of importance for the invention, either individually or in conjunction with features of the claims.

In Fig. 1, a device 10 is shown, with the aid of which, for example, a wall element 11 can be moved. The wall element 11 consists of individual wall blocks 12 which are connected to the wall element 11 by means of mortar and / or adhesive. Bores are made in the top of the wall element 11, one of which is shown at 13 in FIG. 2. The holes 13 can be formed in each stone 12 be, however, they can also be shaped in rows, ie in the top of each a layer of stones 12. The holes 13 can be made subsequently by cutting or be molded immediately during manufacture. The bore 13 has an insertion section 14, which is followed by a bore section 15 with a larger diameter. Between sections 14 and 15 there is a conical section 16 with a conical support surface 17.

The frame 10 has a support rod 20 with an eye 21 at the upper end for attachment to a crane hook or the like. At the lower end, the support rod 20 is connected to the upper cross member 22 of a rectangular frame part 23. A relatively short crossbeam 24 is connected to the support rod 20, from which struts 25, 26 extend obliquely downward to the upper crossbeam 22 on both sides of the support rod 20.

The lower cross member 27 of the frame part 23 is designed as a slide rail. It is used to hold holding elements 28 and 29, respectively. Only the holding element 28 is described below, since both are constructed identically. The holding element 28 has a shoe 30 which is slidable on the cross member 27. There is a support part on the shoe 30 31 attached, which is rotatably attached to a vertical axis 32. The support part 31 has a lateral extension 33 which carries a holding mandrel 34. The structure of the holding mandrel is shown in more detail in FIG. 3.

With the help of screws, one of which is shown at 35, a ring 36 is attached to the underside of the neck 33. A radial flange 37 of the ring 36 carries a correspondingly shaped ring 38 which receives the upper end of three segments, two of which are shown at 40, 41 in FIG. 3. The segments 40, 41 form the mandrel 34. The upper ends of the segments 40, 41 have a radial projection 42a, by means of which they are held in the ring 38. At the lower end, they have a groove 42 which receives an annular spring 43, so that the segments or jaws 40, 41 are constantly biased radially inwards. The segments 40, 41 have a circular segment shape in section and are somewhat separated from one another by an axially parallel gap. In the rest position (left side of FIG. 3) they form a bore 44 in which an actuating rod 45 is received. The actuating rod 45 is actuated by a handle, not shown, and a corresponding adjustment mechanism, so that it can be adjusted in the axial direction. This is indicated in Fig. 3 by arrow 46. A partially conical sleeve 47 is on the actuating rod pushed on and fastened with the help of a screw 48. The sleeve 47 forms a thickening with a stop 49. If the actuating rod 45 is moved axially upward, the lower edges of the segments 40, 41 run onto the inclined surface 50 and are thereby pivoted radially outward, the pivot point at the upper end of the segments 40, 41 lies, as can be seen in the right representation of FIG. 3. The stop 49 limits the axial adjustment of the actuating rod 45 upwards.

3 also shows the wall element 11 with the bore 13. The bore section 14 has a diameter which is slightly larger than the outside diameter of the mandrel 34 in the release position of the segments 40, 41 (left side of FIG. 3). As can be seen, the maximum outer diameter is in the lower section 51 of the segments 40, 41, in which the groove 42 for the ring spring 43 is also deformed. It remains to be added that the segments 40, 41 are held together in the upper area by an elastic sleeve 52. When the actuating rod 41 is actuated upwards, the segments 40, 41 are pivoted radially outward, so that an upper oblique shoulder 53 can engage under the conical annular surface 16 in the bore 13. In this way, positive locking is produced between the mandrel 34 and the bore 13. It can therefore be considerable Holding forces are transmitted via the mandrel 34.

As can also be seen from FIG. 3, the outer surfaces of the mandrel above the thickening 51, which are connected to one another by a step, are placed such that the lower one lies approximately parallel against the wall of the bore section 14, while the upper one runs parallel to it, when the jaws 40, 41 are actuated.

Just as the actuation for the actuation rod 45 is not shown, an illustration which locks the actuation is omitted. It is intended to prevent the position of the actuating rod assumed on the right in FIG. 3 from being involuntarily abandoned with the risk that the engagement between the mandrel 34 and the bore 13 is canceled.

From Fig. 1 it can also be seen that due to the pivotability of the mandrels 34, the wall element 11 can be accommodated in one position or can assume a position in which the wall element is arranged perpendicular or obliquely to the plane spanned by the frame 10 becomes.

FIGS. 4 and 5 show a guide device in which a row of individual wall elements 60, which stand upright close to one another, are arranged in a package are received by a platform 61. Stops 63 at opposite ends on one side of the platform 61 limit a position of the package. In a frame, not shown in detail, two guides 65, 66 are provided, which can be moved along the double arrow in a plane parallel to the platform level with the aid of a suitable drive. The guides 65, 66 contain a pair of arcuate guide surfaces 67 which approach each other in the direction of the platform 61 and form a guide gap 68. A corresponding guide can also be formed upwards. The guides serve to guide a frame 70, comparable to the frame 10 according to FIG. 1, when it is lowered over the wall element package. The guides 65, 66, which are adjusted synchronously, can be moved such that they are each aligned with an axis of the wall elements 60 with their guide gap 68, on which axis the receiving bores 69 of the wall elements 60 also lie. The lower cross member 71 of the frame 70 is extended to both ends via the upper U-shaped bracket 72. These extensions are guided by the guides 65, 66 and thus aligned with the axis of one of the wall elements 60. Slides 73, 74 can be moved on the lower traverse 71 with the aid of a suitable drive, and the holding mandrels 75 and 76 respectively hold the holding mandrels 34 according to FIGS. 1 to 3.

The web of the U-shaped bracket 72 guides a carriage 76, which can also be moved with the aid of a drive, not shown. The frame 70 is attached to a hoist via the carriage 76, as indicated at 77.

The guide device shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 serves to automatically connect the holding mandrels 75, 76 to one of the wall elements 60 in the device.

The drive for the guides 65, 66 can be operated according to a predetermined program, so that the wall elements 60 are approached in the desired sequence according to their assembly sequence on the construction site. The wall elements 60 are usually provided with a coding 79 in which, among other things, a number is marked which indicates the number of places at which the wall element in question is to be placed in a given wall. With the guides 65, 66, the frame 70 can therefore be aligned with respect to an axis to the relevant wall element 60. The position of the holes along the axis is different, however, it can also be programmed for each wall element. The, for example, likewise program-controlled drives for the carriages 73, 74 can therefore be controlled after the alignment of the frame 70 in such a way that they each fit the mandrels 75, 76 in accordance with a bore bring. Alternatively, the slides 73, 74 or the mandrels 75, 76 can be designed with a sensor which detects when a mandrel is located above a bore. As soon as the alignment of the mandrels 75, 76 to the bores has taken place, the entire frame 70 is lowered and the mandrels 75, 76 can be automatically locked in the bores in the manner described above. However, the locking can also be controlled by the slide 73 or 74 by means of appropriate drives. The relevant wall element 60 can then be raised and transported to the desired location. The carriage 76, which is also adjustable with a drive, serves to hang the wall element 60 approximately above the center of gravity. The adjustment of the slides 76 can therefore either be controlled by the operator of the lifting device or with the aid of a sensing device which in some way determines the weight distribution on both sides of the sled 76.

Claims (18)

1. A device for displacing wall boards, preferably composed of a plurality of individual elements, comprising a frame (23) adapted to be attached to a lifting device, and adjustable holding elements (28, 29) disposed on the frame and adapted to detachably engage a wall borad (12), characterized in that each of the holding elements (28, 29) comprises a holding pin (34, 75, 76) coacting with a hole (13, 69) formed in the upper surface of the wall board (11, 60), the holding pin comprising a holding portion (40, 41) adapted to be radially expanded, and an actuating means (45) for displacing the holding portion from a release position to a holding position and vice versa.
2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the holding pin (34) comprises a plurality, preferably three, of jaws (40, 41) spaced in the circumferential direction and supported for radial displacement and/or pivotal movement, respectively,and adapted to be displaced radially outwardly through the actuating means (45).
3. The device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that an actuating rod (45) including a thickening (47) is axially displaceably guided in the holding pin (34, 75, 76) for the actuation of the holding portion or the jaws (40, 41), respectively.
4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the thickening (49) has a conical surface (50) and projects downwardly beyond the holding pin (34) in the release position.
5. The device according to one of the claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the jaws (40, 41) are radially inwardly biased through an annular spring (43).
6. The device according to one of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the holding portion or the jaws (40, 41) comprise a preferably oblique radial extension (53) coacting with an undercut surface (16) of the hole (13) in the wall board (11).
7. The device according to claim 6, characterized by a circumferentially extending undercut surface (16) in the wall board (11).
8. The device according to one of the claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the actuating means (45) is lockable.
9. The device according to one of the claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the actuating means (45) comprises an actuating portion which is adapted to engage the upper surface of the wall board or a hole portion, and which is axially displaced if the holding pin (34) is inserted into the hole (13) and a single-stage or double-stage mechanims adapted to be actuated by means of the actuating portion is arranged in the holding pin (13), with the mechanims displacing the holding portion or the jaws (51), respectively, to the holding position and locking it if the actuating portion performs a first axial movement and causing a displacement of the holding portion or the jaws (51), respectively, to the release position if the actuating portion performs a second axial movement subsequent to the first movement.
10. The device according to one of the claims 1 to 9, characterized in that a safety device is provided generating a signal if one holding pin (34) does not or not sufficiently engage the hole.
11. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that each of the holding pins (34) comprises an unlocking device which coacts with the actuating means (45) and receives a signal from the safety device, the actuating portion being displaced and subsequently the holding portion or the jaws being brought to the release position upon receipt of the signal.
12. The device according to one of the claims 1 to 11, characterized by a support (31) for the holding pins (34) supporting the holding pins in parallel and for rotation, preferably about 360°, on the holding elements (30).
13. The device according to one of the claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the holding elements (30) are displaceably supported on the frame (23), substantially in horizontal direction.
14. The deviced according to claim 13, characterized in that the frame (23) comprises a horizontal cross arm (27) which is at least partly encompassed by the holding elements (30).
15. The device according to one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a guiding device is provided wherein a plurality of wall boards (60) defining a package of side-by-side upright positioned elements can be accommodated, guiding surfaces (65, 66) are provided at least at one front side and above the package, the guiding surfaces being movable crosswisely with respect to the longitudinal axis of the wall boards (60), and the frame (70) comprises a guiding portion co-acting with the guiding surfaces (65, 66), for aligning the communication line of the holding pins with the communication line of the holes.
16. The device according to one of the claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the holding elements (73, 74) comprise servo motors.
17. The device according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that at least one holding element comprises a reading head for reading a coding (79) disposed on the upper side of the wall boards (60), and the reading head is connected to a control device for driving the guiding surfaces (65, 66) and/or the servo motors.
18. The device according to one of the claims 15 to 17, characterized in that the frame (70) is mounted on a support member and is movable substantially in horizontal direction with respect to the support member, preferably with the aid of a further servo motor (76).

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