EP0321383B1 - Vorrichtung zum Erkennen des Schneidhorizontes für Gewinnungsmaschinen - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zum Erkennen des Schneidhorizontes für Gewinnungsmaschinen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0321383B1
EP0321383B1 EP88630229A EP88630229A EP0321383B1 EP 0321383 B1 EP0321383 B1 EP 0321383B1 EP 88630229 A EP88630229 A EP 88630229A EP 88630229 A EP88630229 A EP 88630229A EP 0321383 B1 EP0321383 B1 EP 0321383B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sensor head
optical waveguide
wear plate
receiving
insert
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88630229A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0321383A1 (de
Inventor
Günter Reisner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
RAG AG
Original Assignee
Ruhrkohle AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ruhrkohle AG filed Critical Ruhrkohle AG
Publication of EP0321383A1 publication Critical patent/EP0321383A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0321383B1 publication Critical patent/EP0321383B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C35/00—Details of, or accessories for, machines for slitting or completely freeing the mineral from the seam, not provided for in groups E21C25/00 - E21C33/00, E21C37/00 or E21C39/00
    • E21C35/08—Guiding the machine

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for recognizing the cutting horizon for mining machines, such as coal planers and roller loaders, in particular for detecting the position of the coal-rock boundary layer with the aid of light signals of selected wavelengths on reflection surfaces, with at least one sensor head on the mining machine with one lying on the lying surface is provided to the leading lower surface and a transmitting and receiving station are arranged on the machine body, and wherein between the transmitting and receiving station and the sensor head designed as a light transmitter and receiver and guided in a channel of the sensor head bundles of optical fibers are arranged, which channel through a Crystal window is closed, the lower surface of which lies in the plane of the lower surface of the sensor head.
  • DE-C-35 09 868 an automatic control for the height-adjustable chisel of a coal plane is described in more detail.
  • the coal-rock boundary layer is detected by means of pulsed light by means of at least one transducer, and the different reflection properties of coal and bedrock are used to control the tools.
  • the measuring probes in the sensor head which are dragged on the lying surface, are formed by the ends of optical fiber bundles which are connected to a light transmitter and a light receiver.
  • the optical fiber bundles are embedded in a solid ceramic layer in the sensor head and extend to the outer surface of a ceramic body.
  • a device for detecting the cutting horizon for mining machines is known from the report DE research project "Measuring system for coal planes" interim report for the period from January 1, 1987 to March 31, 1987 for Ruhrkohle AG, Batelle Institute in Frankfurt am Main, 4. 1987 work package 4000 pages 10 and 11.
  • the optical waveguide fibers were sealed with an optical window in the form of a sapphire, this window withstood the mechanical stresses caused by grinding over coal and rock.
  • a measuring device for surfaces with colored gloss effects having an illuminating device and three radiation sensors separate from the illuminating device.
  • the transducers are arranged at a different angle from the lighting device and each The sensor is arranged at a different angle to the regularly reflected radiation.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a device for recognizing the cutting horizon for mining machines such as coal planer and shearer loader, which enables a clear identification of the coal-rock boundary layer due to the radiation components that get from coal and rock into the receiving fibers.
  • this object is achieved in that the channel receiving the optical waveguide bundles extends at an angle of 20 to 45, preferably 30, degrees to the lower surface of the crystal window in the outlet of the sensor head.
  • wavelength combinations are also conceivable within the scope of the invention.
  • Powerful light sources namely a light-emitting diode (LED) or a laser diode for the wavelength of 850 nm and a laser diode for the wavelength of 1550 nm, are provided for the selected wavelengths.
  • LED light-emitting diode
  • laser diode for the wavelength of 850 nm
  • 1550 nm a laser diode for the wavelength of 1550 nm
  • Another advantage of these wavelengths is that the water represents an optical window for these wavelengths and therefore moisture has no influence on the measurements.
  • the sapphire selected for the window has the advantage that it is optically transparent in the range of the measuring wavelengths and can be mechanically loaded due to its hardness.
  • the light is transmitted to the patient from the light sources via a two-arm fiber optic bundle.
  • the optical window is located at the end of the optical waveguide bundle facing towards the lying surface.
  • the portions of the transmitted radiation reflected by the person lying down are received again by the individual fibers of the receiving arm.
  • the optical fiber bundles it proves to be particularly advantageous in the context of the invention that they run over the entire length in a flexible jacket and plug inserts are provided at the ends of the jacket, in which the optical fiber bundles end in the form of eyes.
  • the fiber optic bundles composed of a large number of individual fibers with a diameter of, for example, 70 ⁇ open into two eyes on the upper side of the upper plug-in insert on the transmission side for the wavelengths of 850 nm and 1550 nm to be used, in this plug-in insert another eye for the Receiving arm of the fiber optic bundle is provided.
  • Another particular advantage is the fact that the two wavelengths of 850 and 1550 nm of individual fibers of the optical fiber bundle used as transmitter arms, statistically mixed, bundled into a branch, on the lower side of the plug-in insert lying to form an eye, around which the individual fibers of the receiving arm are arranged concentrically.
  • the fiber optic bundles sit snugly on the lower side of the lower insert on the inside of the sapphire window.
  • the fiber optic fiber bundle on the side of the multi-gym, with two transmitter arms - one for each wavelength - concentrates on the contact surface to the inside of the sapphire window to form a transmitter arm.
  • the individual fibers of the transmitter arms are statistically mixed in the middle.
  • the individual fibers of the receiver arm concentrically enclose the transmitter arm. With this arrangement, a more punctiform exit of the transmission radiation and a proportionate uniform reflection radiation of both wavelengths are fed to the receiving arm.
  • the outside of the sapphire crystal is ground at an angle of 30 degrees with respect to the inside.
  • the entry angle is the same as the exit angle in the optics, the majority of the reflection from the exit side of the sapphire crystal, which is not to be detected, is not detected by the fibers of the receiving arm, but only their diffuse components. Of coal and bedrock however, the same proportion of the transmitted radiation is reflected by both wavelengths and detected by the receiving arm. If the diffuse reflection from the exit and entry surface of the sapphire crystal is used as a constant and the ratio of the desired measurement signal of coal or bedrock at 850 nm and 1550 nm is obtained, the result is an evaluable signal, the ratio value: The size of the scattering level depends primarily on the surface quality of the crystal window.
  • the crystal window has ground and polished surfaces on the side that receives the eye and the side that grinds on the lying surface.
  • the required transmitter and receiver unit is installed on the planer body in appropriate free spaces.
  • the sensor head is fastened in the lower guide of the so-called wobble head and pressed onto the bed using a suspension system.
  • the sensor head In order to be able to compensate for the horizontal and vertical movements that necessarily occur during planing, the sensor head must be pressed onto the surface.
  • the sensor head must not vibrate naturally due to the springs.
  • several, for example, three guide bolts are provided next to each other in the direction of travel between the sensor head and the sensor head holder, the ends of which are guided by prestressing springs in bores in the sensor head.
  • the prestressing force or suspension required depends on the play in the planing system, because this changes the vertical and horizontal movements of the planer.
  • a measuring insert is interchangeably arranged in the end face of the sensor head and, in addition to the crystal window, also receives the plug-in insert for the optical fiber bundles displaced in a flexible sheathing.
  • the measuring insert is advantageously divided into two and consists of the wear plate guided on the lying surface and the wear plate holder. In this way it is possible to replace the wear plate, which is subject to considerable wear, if necessary.
  • the plug insert or the lower end of the casing is fixed in its seat by a specially designed molded flange so that the optical fiber bundle always lies exactly on the inner surface of the crystal window.
  • An O-ring provides a hermetic seal against dust between the contact surface of the eye receiving the optical fiber bundle and the crystal window.
  • the joint-free sealing surface between the wear plate and the wear plate holder is achieved by the special shape of these parts of the measuring insert.
  • the connecting screws for connecting the two parts of the measuring insert are located at unloaded points on the measuring insert.
  • a comparable connection is also provided for locking the measuring insert in the sensor head.
  • clearing shoes which can be detachably connected to the sensor head are articulated on both sides of the sensor head facing the respective direction of travel. These clearing shoes prevent that during the journey between a carbon film is rolled onto the face of the sensor head and the reflective surface, making exact identification of the horizon impossible.
  • the clearing shoes are accommodated in a form-fitting manner in the sensor head and are held by screws which are inserted or screwed inside the recess provided for the measuring insert.
  • the technical progress of the invention is essentially based on the fact that, based on the reflective properties of coal and rock, it is possible to clearly identify the boundary layer, which is of immense importance in view of the possibility of recording or extracting unnecessary rock layers.
  • the identification not only concerns the exact determination of the coal / bedrock boundary layer, but could also be used to identify coal and bedrock or stored mining materials.
  • the coal planer 1 shown in FIG. 1 as an exemplary embodiment and only partially shown has a sensor head 3 on one side towards the lying surface 2 in a guide 8 indicated schematically.
  • the sensor head 3 is dragged along the lying surface 2 by means of a spring element 9.
  • the dashed lines surround the transmitting station 10, receiving station 11, power station 12 required on a plane 1 for functionality, and, if necessary, a memory module. All stations are vibration-damped, preferably housed in a common housing, the common housing being additionally dampened on vibrating metals.
  • a common optical fiber bundle 5 in a flexible sheathing leads from the transmitting station 10 or to the receiving station 11 to the sensor head 3.
  • the sensor head 3 grinds with the end face 4 on the lying surface 2.
  • the spring element 9 shown schematically is based on an exemplary embodiment in FIG. 4 described in more detail.
  • the bundle of optical fibers extends at the exit of the sensor head 3, namely the transmitter arm 5 or receiver arm 5 'in connection with the crystal window 7 at an angle of 30 degrees to the lying position 2.
  • FIG. 3 shows a view of the sensor head 3 with a view of the conveying means.
  • the sensor head 3 is shown cut at least in the left half of the picture.
  • a recess 24 is provided in which a measuring insert 25 can be detachably inserted.
  • the measuring insert 25 is held by two screws 35 in corresponding bores 36, one screw of which is shown.
  • the optical waveguide bundles run within a protected and flexibly designed sheathing 14.
  • the sheathing 14 receiving the optical fiber bundles 5, 5 ′ is provided with a plug insert 17 at the lower end 15.
  • the optical fiber bundles 5, 5 ′ end in the plug insert 17, as already mentioned in the basic sketch according to FIG. 2, in one Eye 19.
  • An adapter plug 18 is provided for locking the optical fiber bundles at the kink point 48.
  • the lower plug insert 17 is fastened in a dust-tight manner within the insert 25 by means of a special flange arrangement and with the aid of an O-ring 46.
  • the measuring insert 25 consists of two parts which can be detachably connected to one another, namely the wear plate 26 and the wear plate holder 27. Before the measuring insert 25 is mounted, broaching shoes 39 can be mounted on the narrow sides of the sensor head 3 in the respective direction of travel. The clearing shoes are fastened with the aid of countersunk screws 40 from the recess 24 for the measuring insert and can be replaced when worn.
  • the measuring insert 25 is shown in detail in FIGS. 5 to 8.
  • the wear plate 26 of the measuring insert 25 has a flat section 30 and a larger section 31, the two sections 30, 31 being connected to one another via an inclined surface 32.
  • a bore 33 is provided in the inclined surface 32, a bore 33 is provided at an angle of 20 to 45 degrees, but preferably at 30 degrees, which in an expanded form merges into a recess 22 receiving the crystal window 7.
  • the corresponding wear plate holder 27 in the assembled state with the wear plate 26 has a stepped bore 34, the axis of which lies in the axis of the bore 33 within the wear plate 26.
  • the two parts 26, 27 forming the measuring insert 25 are connected to one another by countersunk screws 28 in correspondingly provided bores 29. In this way, the wear plate 26, which is exposed to great wear, can be quickly replaced if necessary.
  • the crystal window 7 has the shape shown in FIG. 2 and is glued into the receptacle 22.
  • the crystal window 7 ends before the gradation, which limits the bore 33.
  • the sensor head 3 is made of a resistant and low-wear material such as hardened steel and is pressed against the sensor 2 against a sensor head holder 41 by a spring element 9.
  • FIG. 1 the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG.
  • the spring element 9 consists of, for example, three guide bolts 42 arranged next to one another in the direction of travel, of which the middle one is designed as a preload screw, which are surrounded by preload springs 43 and are guided with their ends 44 into bores 45 of the sensor head 3.
  • the preload screw can deflect upwards with the screw head.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
EP88630229A 1987-12-17 1988-12-14 Vorrichtung zum Erkennen des Schneidhorizontes für Gewinnungsmaschinen Expired - Lifetime EP0321383B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3742753 1987-12-17
DE3742753 1987-12-17

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0321383A1 EP0321383A1 (de) 1989-06-21
EP0321383B1 true EP0321383B1 (de) 1993-06-23

Family

ID=6342802

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88630229A Expired - Lifetime EP0321383B1 (de) 1987-12-17 1988-12-14 Vorrichtung zum Erkennen des Schneidhorizontes für Gewinnungsmaschinen

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4992657A (es)
EP (1) EP0321383B1 (es)
DE (1) DE3882028D1 (es)
ES (1) ES2041825T3 (es)
PL (1) PL160854B1 (es)
ZA (1) ZA889430B (es)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010037491A1 (de) * 2008-10-01 2010-04-08 Rag Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum steuern der gewinnung in strebbetrieben mittels überwachung des bergeanteils in der förderung

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7301164B2 (en) * 2004-01-30 2007-11-27 Abb Inc. Measuring apparatus
US20080236046A1 (en) * 2007-03-30 2008-10-02 Caldwell Manufacturing Company, Inc. Tamper Proof Locking Device for Window Balance Carriers
DE202007014710U1 (de) * 2007-10-18 2008-11-27 Bucyrus Dbt Europe Gmbh Gewinnungseinrichtung für die Mineraliengewinnung und Aufnahmeeinrichtung für ein Sensorsystem hierfür
US8204689B2 (en) * 2007-10-24 2012-06-19 Veris Technologies, Inc. Mobile soil mapping system for collecting soil reflectance measurements
CN103149178B (zh) * 2013-02-26 2015-06-24 中国矿业大学(北京) 一种煤岩辨识光纤传感器
CN109519187B (zh) * 2018-12-17 2020-02-21 中煤华晋集团有限公司 切眼掘进施工工艺
CN110080766B (zh) * 2019-04-30 2024-03-01 中国矿业大学 综采工作面煤岩界面识别装置及方法

Family Cites Families (11)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ZA741707B (en) * 1974-03-15 1975-07-30 Chamber Of Mines Services Ltd Determining heavy element concentration in ores
US4034218A (en) * 1975-10-09 1977-07-05 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Focused detection logging technique
US4165460A (en) * 1977-11-04 1979-08-21 Nasa Coal-rock interface detector
US4143552A (en) * 1978-03-01 1979-03-13 General Electric Company Coal seam sensor
US4266878A (en) * 1978-12-26 1981-05-12 Norlin Industries, Inc. Apparatus for measurement of soil moisture content
US4394573A (en) * 1980-12-15 1983-07-19 Conoco Inc. Method and apparatus for underwater detection of hydrocarbons
US4481418A (en) * 1982-09-30 1984-11-06 Vanzetti Systems, Inc. Fiber optic scanning system for laser/thermal inspection
DE3509868A1 (de) * 1984-03-24 1985-10-10 NLW Fördertechnik GmbH, 4232 Xanten Kohlenhobel, dessen hobelkoerper mit schaelwerkzeugen und hoehenverstellbaren bodenmeisseln ausgeruestet ist
US4655082A (en) * 1985-07-31 1987-04-07 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Mining machine having vibration sensor
US4753484A (en) * 1986-10-24 1988-06-28 Stolar, Inc. Method for remote control of a coal shearer
DE8704679U1 (de) * 1987-03-30 1987-05-27 Fa. Carl Zeiss, 7920 Heidenheim Meßgerät für Oberflächen mit bunten Glanzeffekten

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010037491A1 (de) * 2008-10-01 2010-04-08 Rag Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum steuern der gewinnung in strebbetrieben mittels überwachung des bergeanteils in der förderung
CN102187058A (zh) * 2008-10-01 2011-09-14 拉格股份公司 用于通过监测运输中的废矿份额来控制工作面操作中的开采的方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3882028D1 (de) 1993-07-29
ES2041825T3 (es) 1993-12-01
PL276460A1 (en) 1989-07-24
US4992657A (en) 1991-02-12
PL160854B1 (pl) 1993-04-30
EP0321383A1 (de) 1989-06-21
ZA889430B (en) 1989-09-27

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