EP0314477A2 - Assemblage d'une porte en verre et d'une charnière - Google Patents

Assemblage d'une porte en verre et d'une charnière Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0314477A2
EP0314477A2 EP88310115A EP88310115A EP0314477A2 EP 0314477 A2 EP0314477 A2 EP 0314477A2 EP 88310115 A EP88310115 A EP 88310115A EP 88310115 A EP88310115 A EP 88310115A EP 0314477 A2 EP0314477 A2 EP 0314477A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
door
hinge
profile
panes
pane
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP88310115A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0314477A3 (fr
Inventor
Jari Paul Johannes Jernberg
Paavo Matti Antero Tiittala
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Olo Olavi
Original Assignee
Olo Olavi
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Olo Olavi filed Critical Olo Olavi
Publication of EP0314477A2 publication Critical patent/EP0314477A2/fr
Publication of EP0314477A3 publication Critical patent/EP0314477A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/84—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47F—SPECIAL FURNITURE, FITTINGS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR SHOPS, STOREHOUSES, BARS, RESTAURANTS OR THE LIKE; PAYING COUNTERS
    • A47F3/00—Show cases or show cabinets
    • A47F3/04—Show cases or show cabinets air-conditioned, refrigerated
    • A47F3/0404—Cases or cabinets of the closed type
    • A47F3/0426—Details
    • A47F3/043—Doors, covers
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05F1/00—Closers or openers for wings, not otherwise provided for in this subclass
    • E05F1/08—Closers or openers for wings, not otherwise provided for in this subclass spring-actuated, e.g. for horizontally sliding wings
    • E05F1/10—Closers or openers for wings, not otherwise provided for in this subclass spring-actuated, e.g. for horizontally sliding wings for swinging wings, e.g. counterbalance
    • E05F1/12—Mechanisms in the shape of hinges or pivots, operated by springs
    • E05F1/123—Mechanisms in the shape of hinges or pivots, operated by springs with a torsion bar
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/04—Wing frames not characterised by the manner of movement
    • E06B3/263—Frames with special provision for insulation
    • E06B3/26341—Frames with special provision for insulation comprising only one metal frame member combined with an insulating frame member
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D23/00—General constructional features
    • F25D23/02—Doors; Covers
    • F25D23/028—Details
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2900/00—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof
    • E05Y2900/20—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for furniture, e.g. cabinets
    • E05Y2900/202—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for furniture, e.g. cabinets for display cabinets, e.g. for refrigerated cabinets
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2900/00—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof
    • E05Y2900/30—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for domestic appliances
    • E05Y2900/31—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for domestic appliances for refrigerators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2323/00—General constructional features not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F25D2323/02—Details of doors or covers not otherwise covered
    • F25D2323/024—Door hinges

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a glass door intended for use in refrigeration and freezing spaces and to a hinge structure specifically suitable for such a glass door.
  • Grocery stores have shifted increasingly towards the use of refrigeration and freezing cabinets having glass doors.
  • the client can see the products in the cabinet through the glass door and, having decided which product in the cabinet he wishes to buy, the client opens the door, takes the product out of the cabinet, and closes the door.
  • Such previously known glass doors currently in use usually comprise an aluminum U-profile frame in which there are two or three panes of glass, at least the outermost pane, fac­ing away from the freezing and refrigeration space, and the innermost pane, facing towards the refrigeration and freez­ing space, are of tempered glass which well withstands ordinary mechanical stresses. An intermediate trim or seal is fitted between the panes.
  • this outermost pane is heated. This is accomplished by forming inside the outermost pane an electrically conductive layer, such as a layer of tin oxide or a layer of tin oxide, silver and tin oxide. Elec­trodes, e.g. silver electrodes, are formed on top of this electrically conductive layer by the so-called silk screen method, and these electrodes are connected to the mains voltage.
  • the electrodes are usually located in the upper part and the lower part of the pane in such a manner that they can be seen through the door.
  • the space between the panes is in general filled with a shield gas, usually argon or krypton gas, and if this gas dis­charges, for example owing to poor gas-tightness, it has a deteriorating effect on the electrically conductive layer, and thereby also on the useful life of the glass door.
  • a shield gas usually argon or krypton gas
  • Figure 1 depicts a front view of a glass door according to the invention, equipped with a lower hinge 10 and an upper hinge 11.
  • the frame of the glass door is indicated by ref­erence numeral 1.
  • Figure 2 depicts a horizontal cross section of the glass door, showing the structure of the frame profile and the installation of the panes 2 and 3 in it.
  • the glass door according to the invention comprises an outermost pane 2, facing away from the refrigeration and freezing space, and an innermost pane 3, facing towards the refrigeration and freezing space.
  • Both panes are of tem­pered glass and are attached, for example by means of a butyl tape, to a hollow intermediate trim 5, which is pref­erably of hard PVC plastic.
  • This intermediate trim may be filled with a drying agent.
  • the outermost pane 2 is made heatable by coating the inner surface of the pane with an electrically conductive layer 4, which may be, for example, tin oxide or a triple layer of tin oxide, silver and tin oxide.
  • an electrically conductive layer 4 In the left-side and right-side parts of the pane, close to the end parts of the pane, this electrically conductive layer 4 is connected to electrodes 8 and 9, which are connected to the mains volt­age.
  • electrodes 8 and 9 are located in the space 12 between the intermediate trim 5 and the end parts of the panes, and thus in a situation of breakage of the panes there is no danger of a client or some other person receiving an electric shock from the electrodes, which remain hidden.
  • the electrodes 8 and 9 can be formed on top of the elec­trically conductive layer 4, for example, by the silk screen method by using silver paste.
  • the tempering of the glass can be carried out either before or after the silk screening.
  • the edges of the panes 2 and 3 are surrounded by a U-­profile strip 6, which is preferably of soft PVC plastic.
  • the space 12 between the intermediate trim 5 and the U-­profile strip 6 is preferably filled with an insulating filler compound such as a two-component filler.
  • shield gas e.g. argon or krypton gas
  • the U-profile strip 6 considerably improves the gas-tightness as the pressure varies inside and outside the panes 2 and 3, and at the same time it serves as an elec­tric insulator.
  • the U-profile strip 6 can be designed so that air gaps 20 are formed between the U-profile strip 6 and the panes 2 and 3, the air gaps improving the thermal insulation properties of the structure.
  • the aluminum frame profile 1 constitutes the front part and the side part of the frame structure, and it has a hexag­onal throughgoing aperture 13 for the hinge structure. In the aperture 13 there are additionally grooves 21 for the turning spring of the hinge structure.
  • a tightening strip 7 which constitutes the rear part of the frame structure and is preferably of hard PVC plastic. This tightening strip 7 is in direct contact with the cold air in the refrigeration and freezing space, and its thermal insulation properties are excellent compared with, for example, those of aluminum.
  • air ducts 14 have additionally been formed in it.
  • the tightening strip 7 has a protrusion 15, and the aluminum profile 1 has respectively a groove 16 for receiving this protrusion.
  • the tightening strip 7 can be attached to the aluminum profile 1 by means of screws (not shown in the figure), which are screwed into the groove 16 mentioned above.
  • a resistance wire 17 is located close to the geometric center point of the aluminum profile, and so the heat is distributed evenly to the outer surfaces of the aluminum profile 1 and pre­vents condensation of moisture on these outer surfaces.
  • a bellows seal 18 having a magnet 19 for keep­ing the glass door tightly and firmly closed is attached to the tightening strip 7.
  • Figure 3A shows, on an enlarged scale, a horizontal cross section of the lower left-hand corner of the pane 2 shown in Figure 1.
  • Figures 3A and 3B show schematically how the electrode 8 is connected to a copper wire 22, which for its part is connected in a conventional manner, for example by means of a clamp, to an electric wire (not shown in the figures).
  • the electrically conductive surface 4 of the pane 2 there is formed, for example, by means of a diamond disk, a groove 23, in which the copper wire 22 is in­stalled.
  • the silk screening is carried out by using silver paste, which also fills the groove 23.
  • tempering is carried out, whereby the silver paste is glazed onto the glass surface. In this manner a very good electrical conductivity is achieved and the copper wire 22 remains firmly attached to the groove 23.
  • the fastening method depicted in Figures 3A and 3B above can also be implemented by replacing the copper wire with a copper stud which is embedded in a specific depression in the glass surface.
  • the fastening methods described above also provide the advantage that, if the glass for some reason breaks, the fracturing will occur at the groove 23 or depression made in the glass surface, in which case the electrode will also be broken at this point, thereby breaking off the electric contact with the electrically conductive layer 4 of the pane 2.
  • Figure 4 depicts the hinge structure according to the in­vention, installed in a door.
  • the hinge structure comprises a lower hinge 10 and an upper hinge 11.
  • Figure 5 depicts a plan view of the structure of the lower hinge, and
  • Figure 6 is an exploded view of the hinge structure according to the invention.
  • the frame profile 1 of the glass door according to the invention has a hexagonal, throughgoing aperture 13, which additionally has grooves 21 for the hook-like end part 35 of the pin-like turning spring 34.
  • a hexagonal lower hinge piece 24 and a hexagonal upper hinge piece 25 are fitted in this hexagonal aperture 13. These hinge pieces 24, 25 turn with the door.
  • the lower hinge piece 24 pivots in a support piece 26, which is attached to the door frame structure or some other supporting structure, such as the floor.
  • the hinge piece 24 has a cylindrical hole 28 into which a plastic sleeve 33 is fitted.
  • the plastic sleeve 33 for its part, there is fitted the cylindrical part 31 of the means 30 for tighten­ing the turning spring 34, the part 31 forming the hinge pin.
  • the actual tightening means 30 is made up of a spiral gear 32 (a curved globoid gear).
  • the lower end of the turn­ing spring 34 is flattened and pushed into a hole 46 in the tightening means 30, the lower part of the hole being slot-­like, the lower end of the turning spring 34 moving only along with the spiral gear 32.
  • the spiral gear 32 is installed in a bore 38 in the sup­porting piece 26.
  • the supporting piece 26 has additionally a bore 42 for a cylindrical tightening screw 43 ( Figure 5), the thread of which mates with the teeth of the spiral gear.
  • a cylindrical tightening screw 43 Figure 5
  • the tightening screw 43 it is possible to tighten and slacken the turning spring 34.
  • the supporting piece 26 has additionally a second bore 39, which is taken into use if the handedness of the door is changed.
  • a depression 40 is formed in the upper surface of the sup­porting piece 26, and the hinge piece 24 has a protruding limiting part 36, which operates in this depression.
  • the form of the limiting part 36 defines the turning angle of the door, the angle being preferably approximately 100°.
  • a locking lever 44 which can be turned about a vertical axis is fitted in the depression 40 of the supporting part 26.
  • the limiting part 36 has a notch 45.
  • the locking lever 44 can be turned so that its end comes into the notch 45, whereupon the door remains open, for example, during the filling of the refrigeration or freezing cabinet.
  • the door is closed by turning the locking lever 44 out of the notch 45, whereupon the door is closed automatically by the force of the spring.
  • the upper hinge piece 25 pivots in the upper supporting piece 27, which is attached to the frame structure of the door or some other supporting structure.
  • the upper hinge piece 25 also has a protruding limiting part 37, which operates in a depression 41 made in the supporting piece 27.
  • the hinge piece 25 has a cylindrical hole 29 through which the electric wiring of the above-mentioned electrodes and of the resistance wire are drawn and taken out through the supporting piece 27.
  • the hinge structure according to the invention enables the handedness of the door to be changed in a simple manner.
  • the procedure is as follows: the electric wires drawn via the upper hinge 11 are detached from the attach­ment points outside the door structure, and the supporting pieces 26 and 27 are detached.
  • the lower hinge structure (parts 26, 30, 33, 24 and 34) are drawn out of the aperture 13, whereupon the hook 35 grips the electric wires, where­upon they can be pulled out at the lower hinge.
  • the upper hinge structure (parts 27 and 25) is drawn out through the aperture 13.
  • the door is turned 180° and the hinge structures are put in place, and finally the sup­porting pieces 26 and 27 are attached in place.
  • the tightening screw 43 is transferred from the bore 42 to the bore 39.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Securing Of Glass Panes Or The Like (AREA)
  • Refrigerator Housings (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
EP19880310115 1987-10-30 1988-10-27 Assemblage d'une porte en verre et d'une charnière Withdrawn EP0314477A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI874793A FI79171C (fi) 1987-10-30 1987-10-30 Glasdoerr och gaongjaernskonstruktion avsett att anvaendas i den.
FI874793 1987-10-30

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0314477A2 true EP0314477A2 (fr) 1989-05-03
EP0314477A3 EP0314477A3 (fr) 1990-11-07

Family

ID=8525327

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19880310115 Withdrawn EP0314477A3 (fr) 1987-10-30 1988-10-27 Assemblage d'une porte en verre et d'une charnière

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0314477A3 (fr)
DK (1) DK601288A (fr)
FI (1) FI79171C (fr)
NO (1) NO884831L (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0674865A1 (fr) * 1994-03-28 1995-10-04 ISOCLIMA S.p.A. Unité de vitrage isolant amélioré avec éléments de chauffage
BE1011279A3 (nl) * 1997-07-14 1999-07-06 Iq Glass Verwarmende dubbele beglazing.
WO2000000713A1 (fr) * 1998-06-26 2000-01-06 Schott Glas Verre isolant feuillete pour appareils a temperature interieure abaissee par rapport a la temperature ambiante
FR2821519A1 (fr) * 2001-02-28 2002-08-30 Saint Gobain Element vitre isolant, notamment pour enceinte refrigeree
EP1455045A1 (fr) * 2003-03-07 2004-09-08 Thermo Glass Door S.P.A. Porte en verre et/ou construction d'une parois vitrée fixe pour armoires réfrigérées
CN102926633A (zh) * 2012-11-21 2013-02-13 合肥华凌股份有限公司 酒柜门体和具有其的酒柜
GB2529753A (en) * 2014-06-26 2016-03-02 Ralph Ellerker 1795 Ltd Heated door
JP2016048139A (ja) * 2014-08-27 2016-04-07 日立アプライアンス株式会社 冷蔵庫

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107642299A (zh) * 2015-09-10 2018-01-30 丽水市飞天人机械设计有限公司 一种节能型门体型材结构

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3348349A (en) * 1965-07-19 1967-10-24 Petersen Walter Reinforced plastic glass holding frame
US3418755A (en) * 1967-02-17 1968-12-31 Joseph A. Di Chiaro Frame construction for refrigerator door
US3499245A (en) * 1967-01-23 1970-03-10 Ardco Inc Glass panel refrigerator door and frame
US3524920A (en) * 1968-02-16 1970-08-18 Anglass Ind Inc Circuit breaker for conductive-coated glass
FR2073465A6 (fr) * 1969-12-15 1971-10-01 Kaessbohrer Fahrzeug Karl
GB1301651A (fr) * 1968-10-08 1973-01-04
US4029942A (en) * 1975-08-27 1977-06-14 The Sierracin Corporation Transparent prelaminate with electrical connectors
US4127765A (en) * 1978-02-17 1978-11-28 Anthony's Manufacturing Company, Inc. Anti-condensation system for refrigerator doors
US4149348A (en) * 1977-07-15 1979-04-17 Ppg Industries, Inc. Multiple glazed unit having inner sheet mounted within a spacer
US4496201A (en) * 1982-07-23 1985-01-29 Umc Industries, Inc. Closure such as a glass door for a refrigeration or freezer

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3348349A (en) * 1965-07-19 1967-10-24 Petersen Walter Reinforced plastic glass holding frame
US3499245A (en) * 1967-01-23 1970-03-10 Ardco Inc Glass panel refrigerator door and frame
US3418755A (en) * 1967-02-17 1968-12-31 Joseph A. Di Chiaro Frame construction for refrigerator door
US3524920A (en) * 1968-02-16 1970-08-18 Anglass Ind Inc Circuit breaker for conductive-coated glass
GB1301651A (fr) * 1968-10-08 1973-01-04
FR2073465A6 (fr) * 1969-12-15 1971-10-01 Kaessbohrer Fahrzeug Karl
US4029942A (en) * 1975-08-27 1977-06-14 The Sierracin Corporation Transparent prelaminate with electrical connectors
US4149348A (en) * 1977-07-15 1979-04-17 Ppg Industries, Inc. Multiple glazed unit having inner sheet mounted within a spacer
US4127765A (en) * 1978-02-17 1978-11-28 Anthony's Manufacturing Company, Inc. Anti-condensation system for refrigerator doors
US4496201A (en) * 1982-07-23 1985-01-29 Umc Industries, Inc. Closure such as a glass door for a refrigeration or freezer

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0674865A1 (fr) * 1994-03-28 1995-10-04 ISOCLIMA S.p.A. Unité de vitrage isolant amélioré avec éléments de chauffage
BE1011279A3 (nl) * 1997-07-14 1999-07-06 Iq Glass Verwarmende dubbele beglazing.
WO2000000713A1 (fr) * 1998-06-26 2000-01-06 Schott Glas Verre isolant feuillete pour appareils a temperature interieure abaissee par rapport a la temperature ambiante
FR2821519A1 (fr) * 2001-02-28 2002-08-30 Saint Gobain Element vitre isolant, notamment pour enceinte refrigeree
WO2002069673A1 (fr) * 2001-02-28 2002-09-06 Saint-Gobain Glass France Element vitre isolant, notamment pour enceinte refrigeree
US7246470B2 (en) 2001-02-28 2007-07-24 Saint-Gobain Glass France Insulating glass element, especially for a refrigerated enclosure
EP1455045A1 (fr) * 2003-03-07 2004-09-08 Thermo Glass Door S.P.A. Porte en verre et/ou construction d'une parois vitrée fixe pour armoires réfrigérées
CN102926633A (zh) * 2012-11-21 2013-02-13 合肥华凌股份有限公司 酒柜门体和具有其的酒柜
GB2529753A (en) * 2014-06-26 2016-03-02 Ralph Ellerker 1795 Ltd Heated door
JP2016048139A (ja) * 2014-08-27 2016-04-07 日立アプライアンス株式会社 冷蔵庫

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO884831D0 (no) 1988-10-28
FI79171C (fi) 1989-11-10
DK601288A (da) 1989-05-01
FI79171B (fi) 1989-07-31
EP0314477A3 (fr) 1990-11-07
FI874793A0 (fi) 1987-10-30
DK601288D0 (da) 1988-10-28
FI874793A (fi) 1989-05-01
NO884831L (no) 1989-05-02

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