EP0312909B1 - Vacuum chamber type furnace - Google Patents

Vacuum chamber type furnace Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0312909B1
EP0312909B1 EP88116992A EP88116992A EP0312909B1 EP 0312909 B1 EP0312909 B1 EP 0312909B1 EP 88116992 A EP88116992 A EP 88116992A EP 88116992 A EP88116992 A EP 88116992A EP 0312909 B1 EP0312909 B1 EP 0312909B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
gas
workpieces
heating chamber
vacuum chamber
inlet openings
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EP88116992A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0312909A1 (en
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Ulrich Wingens
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
    • C21D1/773—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material under reduced pressure or vacuum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
    • C21D1/767—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material with forced gas circulation; Reheating thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B5/00—Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated
    • F27B5/04—Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated adapted for treating the charge in vacuum or special atmosphere
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D7/00—Forming, maintaining, or circulating atmospheres in heating chambers
    • F27D7/04—Circulating atmospheres by mechanical means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a vacuum chamber furnace for the heat treatment of metallic workpieces, consisting of an essentially cylindrical housing which contains a heating chamber insulated from the housing wall, in the interior of which a support device for receiving the workpieces to be treated is arranged and the walls of which are diametrically opposed to one another with heating elements opposite sides are provided with gas inlet openings in the form of nozzles and gas outlet openings in the form of slots which extend over the axial length of the heating chamber, the gas inlet openings and the gas outlet openings being connected to a gas circulation system which has a blower for the gas circulation and a heat exchanger for the gas cooling .
  • the invention proposes to achieve this object starting from a vacuum chamber furnace of the type mentioned above, that the gas inlet openings opposite one another can be acted upon with gas at the same time, that the supporting devices hold the workpieces to be treated in the area in which the gas streams generated by the gas inlet openings colliding with one another and that the gas outlet openings are arranged in the wall areas adjacent to this area.
  • the workpieces are cooled from above and below simultaneously and evenly.
  • the vortices that form in the impact zone of the gas flows directed against each other ensure intensive mixing and swirling of the gases in the area of the workpieces to be treated, so that a largely homogeneous cooling zone is formed.
  • the gas outlet openings in the form of slots arranged laterally next to the impact zone result in a pressure gradient directed from the impact zone to both sides, through which the cooling gas heated on the workpieces flows out laterally.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the nozzles forming the gas inlet openings are aligned with the workpieces received by the carrier device. This ensures that the inflowing cooling gas first comes into contact with the workpieces in the impact zone before it flows into the slots serving as gas outlet openings.
  • the slits serving as gas outlet openings in the interior of the heating chamber are of cover plates against radiant heat covered, which are arranged at a distance from the respective opening cross section of the slots. Although these cover plates prevent the escape of radiant heat, they do not hinder the escape of the cooling gas.
  • Control devices can be assigned to the gas circulation system, with which the amount of gas passed through can be controlled. This makes it possible to precisely adapt the amount of gas to the respective need.
  • the heating chamber also expediently has an approximately elliptical cross section, the workpieces being held by the carrying device in the plane in which the longer ellipse axis runs.
  • This design of the heating chamber results in a particularly favorable use of space in the volume of the heating chamber without the cooling uniformity suffering.
  • the substantially cylindrical housing of the vacuum chamber furnace is designated by the reference number 1.
  • This housing 1 is mounted on feet 2 and provided on one end with a tightly closing door 3 (see FIG. 2).
  • the housing 1 is provided with a blower 4 and a heat exchanger 5, which are components of the gas circulation described in more detail below.
  • a heating chamber 6 In the interior of the housing 1, a heating chamber 6 is arranged, which is approximately elliptical in cross-section and is thermally insulated from the walls of the housing 1. On the inside of the walls of the heating chamber 6, heating rods 8 are attached by means of suitable holders 7, which extend over the axial length of the heating chamber 6.
  • 6 gas outlet openings in the form of nozzles 9 are provided on the ceiling and on the bottom of the heating chamber, which cooling gas can be acted upon at the same time via gas supply lines 10 and produce gas flows directed towards the center plane of the heating chamber 6.
  • the workpieces 11 to be treated are arranged in the interior of the heating chamber 6 and are carried by a suitable carrying device 12, which can be designed, for example, as a grid pallet.
  • a suitable carrying device 12 which can be designed, for example, as a grid pallet.
  • cover plates 14 against radiant heat which are arranged at a distance from the respective opening cross section of the slot 13.
  • the slots 13 serving as gas outlet openings are connected to the suction side of the fan 4 via gas return channels 15 and the heat exchanger 5.
  • the pressure side of the blower 4 is connected to the nozzles 9 via the gas supply lines 10.
  • the gas circulation system consisting of the blower 4, the gas supply lines 5, the nozzles 9, the slots 13, the gas return lines 15 and the heat exchanger 5 is also at suitable locations Provide control and regulation procedures, by means of which the circulated gas quantity can be adapted to the requirements. These control and regulating elements are not shown in the drawing.
  • the workpieces to be treated are arranged where the gas flows generated by the opposing nozzles 9 collide with one another.
  • the gas flows colliding with one another produce a largely homogeneous cooling zone around the workpieces 11 through intensive swirling, which guarantees a uniform cooling of the workpieces 11 on all surfaces that come into contact with the cooling gas.
  • the impact area lies horizontally in the middle of the heating chamber.
  • this impact area can of course also be arranged differently in the interior of the heating chamber 6, for example in the vertical plane. It is only essential that the gas flows generated by the nozzles are directed in opposite directions, that the workpieces to be treated are arranged in the impact area and that the gas discharge openings designed as slots are located in the walls of the heating chamber adjacent to the impact area.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)

Abstract

To obtain a cooling zone, which is as homogeneous as possible, for the workpieces (11) to be treated in a vacuum chamber-type furnace for the heat treatment of metallic workpieces, the invention proposes that the heating chamber (6) used for the heat treatment is provided on two mutually opposite sides with nozzles (9) which can be charged simultaneously with cooling gas, that the carrier devices (12) hold the workpieces (11) to be treated in that region in which the gas streams produced by the opposite nozzles (9) impinge on one another and that the heating chamber (6) is provided with slots (13) for gas discharge in wall regions adjacent to this impingement region. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Vakuum-Kammerofen zur Wärmebehandlung von metallischen Werkstücken, bestehend aus einem im wesentlichen zylindrischen Gehäuse, welches eine gegen die Gehäusewand isolierte Heizkammer enthält, in deren Innenraum eine die zu behandelnden Werkstücke aufnehmende Tragvorrichtung angeordnet ist und deren Wände mit Heizelementen und aneinander diametral gegenüberliegenden Seiten mit Gaseinlaßöffnungen in Form von Düsen und Gasauslaßöffnungen in Form von sich über die axiale Länge der Heizkammer erstreckenden Schlitzen versehen sind, wobei die Gaseinlaßöffnungen und die Gasauslaßöffnungen an ein Gasumwälzsystem angeschlossen sind, welches ein Gebläse für die Gasumwälzung und einen Wärmetauscher für die Gaskühlung aufweist.The invention relates to a vacuum chamber furnace for the heat treatment of metallic workpieces, consisting of an essentially cylindrical housing which contains a heating chamber insulated from the housing wall, in the interior of which a support device for receiving the workpieces to be treated is arranged and the walls of which are diametrically opposed to one another with heating elements opposite sides are provided with gas inlet openings in the form of nozzles and gas outlet openings in the form of slots which extend over the axial length of the heating chamber, the gas inlet openings and the gas outlet openings being connected to a gas circulation system which has a blower for the gas circulation and a heat exchanger for the gas cooling .

Bei derartigen Vakuum-Kammeröfen, die vorzugsweise für das Vakuum-Härten verwendet werden, ist es wichtig, daß in der Abkühlphase an allen Oberflächen der zu behandelnden Werkstücke eine möglichst gleichmäßige Abkühlung erzielt wird, damit das sich ausbildende Gefüge überall gleichmäßig gut ist und keine durch Wärmespannungen verursachten Verformungen der Werkstücke auftreten.With such vacuum chamber furnaces, which are preferably used for vacuum hardening, it is important that in the cooling phase on all surfaces the workpieces to be treated are cooled as evenly as possible so that the structure that is formed is uniformly good everywhere and no deformations of the workpieces caused by thermal stresses occur.

Bei einem nach dem Stande der Technik (vergl. DE-OS 3215509) bekannten Vakuum-Kammerofen der eingangs genannten Art ist versucht worden, eine gleichmäßige Abkühlung der Werkstücke dadurch zu erreichen, daß das zur Kühlung dienende Gas abwechselnd einerseits von in der Decke der Heizkammer angeordneten Einblasdüsen zu zwei seitlich am Boden der Heizkammer angeordneten Gasauslaßschlitzen und andererseits von im Boden der Heizkammer angeordneten Gaseinblasdüsen zu zwei seitlich an der Decke der Heizkammer angeordneten Gasauslaßschlitzen geführt wird. Durch häufige Umkehrung der die Werkstücke beaufschlagenden Gasströmung ist es möglich, die Abkühlung der Werkstücke gleichmäßiger zu gestalten, als wenn das Kühlgas nur in einer Richtung strömt. Dennoch läßt sich nicht vermeiden, daß die Abkühlung über die Zeit an der Ober- und Unterseite der Werkstücke von einander abweicht, so daß sich Gefügeunterschiede und Wärmespannungen ergeben.In a vacuum chamber furnace of the type mentioned in the prior art (cf. DE-OS 3215509), attempts have been made to achieve uniform cooling of the workpieces in that the gas used for cooling alternately on the one hand in the ceiling of the heating chamber arranged injection nozzles to two gas outlet slots arranged laterally on the bottom of the heating chamber and, on the other hand, from gas injection nozzles arranged in the bottom of the heating chamber to two gas outlet slots arranged laterally on the ceiling of the heating chamber. By frequently reversing the gas flow acting on the workpieces, it is possible to make the cooling of the workpieces more uniform than if the cooling gas only flows in one direction. Nevertheless, it cannot be avoided that the cooling deviates over time on the top and bottom of the workpieces, so that there are structural differences and thermal stresses.

Es ist deshalb Aufgabe der Erfindung, den Vakuum-Kammerofen der eingangs genannten Art dahingehend weiterzubilden, daß die zu behandelnden Werkstücke an allen Oberflächen gleichzeitig und gleichmäßig abgekühlt werden, so daß das sich ausbildende Gefüge an allen Oberflächen vollständig gleich ist und durch Wärmespannungen verursachte Verformungen noch zuverlässiger vermieden werden.It is therefore an object of the invention to develop the vacuum chamber furnace of the type mentioned in such a way that the workpieces to be treated are cooled simultaneously and uniformly on all surfaces, so that the structure which is formed is completely identical on all surfaces and is still deformed by thermal stresses can be avoided more reliably.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe schlägt die Erfindung ausgehend von einem Vakuum-Kammerofen der eingangs genannten Art vor, daß die einander gegenüberliegenden Gaseinlaßöffnungen gleichzeitig mit Gas beaufschlagbar sind, daß die Tragvorrichtungen die zu behandelnden Werkstücke in dem Bereich halten, in dem die von den gegenüberliegenden Gaseinlaßöffnungen erzeugten Gasströme aufeinander prallen und daß die Gasauslaßöffnungen in den diesem Bereich benachbarten Wandbereichen angeordnet sind.The invention proposes to achieve this object starting from a vacuum chamber furnace of the type mentioned above, that the gas inlet openings opposite one another can be acted upon with gas at the same time, that the supporting devices hold the workpieces to be treated in the area in which the gas streams generated by the gas inlet openings colliding with one another and that the gas outlet openings are arranged in the wall areas adjacent to this area.

Beim Vakuum-Ofen gemäß der Erfindung werden die Werkstücke von oben und unten gleichzeitig und gleichmäßig gekühlt. Die sich in der Aufprallzone der gegeneinander gerichteten Gasströmungen ausbildenden Wirbel sorgen im Bereich der zu behandelnden Werkstücke für eine intensive Mischung und Durchwirbelung der Gase, so daß sich eine weitestgehend homogene Kühlzone ausbildet. Durch die seitlich neben der Aufprallzone angeordneten Gasauslaßöffnungen in Form von Schlitzen ergibt sich ein von der Aufprallzone nach beiden Seiten hin gerichtetes Druckgefälle, durch welches das an den Werkstücken erwärmte Kühlgas seitlich abströmt.In the vacuum furnace according to the invention, the workpieces are cooled from above and below simultaneously and evenly. The vortices that form in the impact zone of the gas flows directed against each other ensure intensive mixing and swirling of the gases in the area of the workpieces to be treated, so that a largely homogeneous cooling zone is formed. The gas outlet openings in the form of slots arranged laterally next to the impact zone result in a pressure gradient directed from the impact zone to both sides, through which the cooling gas heated on the workpieces flows out laterally.

Eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung sieht vor, daß die die Gaseinlaßöffnungen bildenden Düsen auf die von der Tragvorrichtung aufgenommenen Werkstücke ausgerichtet sind. Hierdurch wird erreicht, daß das zuströmende Kühlgas zunächst in der Aufprallzone mit den Werkstücken in Berührung kommt, ehe es den als Gasauslaßöffnungen dienenden Schlitzen zuströmt.A preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the nozzles forming the gas inlet openings are aligned with the workpieces received by the carrier device. This ensures that the inflowing cooling gas first comes into contact with the workpieces in the impact zone before it flows into the slots serving as gas outlet openings.

Um während der Aufheizphase den Verlust von Strahlungswärme aus der Heizkammer zu vermeiden, sind die als Gasauslaßöffnungen dienenden Schlitze im Inneren der Heizkammer von Abdeckblechen gegen Strahlungswärme abgedeckt, die mit Abstand zum jeweiligen Öffnungsquerschnitt der Schlitze angeordnet sind. Diese Abdeckbleche verhindern zwar den Austritt von Strahlungswärme, behindern jedoch den Austritt des Kühlgases nicht.In order to avoid the loss of radiant heat from the heating chamber during the heating phase, the slits serving as gas outlet openings in the interior of the heating chamber are of cover plates against radiant heat covered, which are arranged at a distance from the respective opening cross section of the slots. Although these cover plates prevent the escape of radiant heat, they do not hinder the escape of the cooling gas.

Dem Gasumwälzsystem können Steuervorrichtungen zugeordnet sein, mit denen die durchgesetzte Gasmenge steuerbar ist. Hierdurch ist es möglich, die Gasmenge dem jeweiligen Bedarf genau anzupassen.Control devices can be assigned to the gas circulation system, with which the amount of gas passed through can be controlled. This makes it possible to precisely adapt the amount of gas to the respective need.

Zweckmäßig hat weiterhin die Heizkammer einen etwa elliptischen Querschnitt, wobei die Werkstücke von Tragvorrichtung in der Ebene gehalten werden, in der die längere Ellipsen-Achse verläuft. Durch diese Ausbildung der Heizkammer ergibt sich eine besonders günstige Raumausnutzung des Volumens der Heizkammer ohne daß die Gleichmäßigkeit der Abkühlung leidet.The heating chamber also expediently has an approximately elliptical cross section, the workpieces being held by the carrying device in the plane in which the longer ellipse axis runs. This design of the heating chamber results in a particularly favorable use of space in the volume of the heating chamber without the cooling uniformity suffering.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird im folgenden an Hand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
einen Querschnitt durch einen Vakuum-Kammerofen gemäß der Erfindung;
Fig. 2
einen horizontalen Längsschnitt zu Fig. 1, jedoch ohne die Tragvorrichtung und die zu behandelnden Werkstücke.

An embodiment of the invention is explained below with reference to the drawing. Show it:
Fig. 1
a cross section through a vacuum chamber furnace according to the invention;
Fig. 2
a horizontal longitudinal section to Fig. 1, but without the support device and the workpieces to be treated.

In der Zeichnung ist das im wesentlichen zylinderförmige Gehäuse des Vakuum-Kammerofens mit dem Bezugszeichen 1 bezeichnet. Dieses Gehäuse 1 ist auf Standfüßen 2 aufgeständert und an einer Stirnseite mit einer dicht schließenden Tür 3 versehen (vergl. Fig. 2). An der gegenüberliegenden Stirnseite ist das Gehäuse 1 mit einem Gebläse 4 und einem Wärmetauscher 5 versehen, die Bestandteile der nachfolgend näher erläuterten Gasumwälzung sind.In the drawing, the substantially cylindrical housing of the vacuum chamber furnace is designated by the reference number 1. This housing 1 is mounted on feet 2 and provided on one end with a tightly closing door 3 (see FIG. 2). On the opposite end face, the housing 1 is provided with a blower 4 and a heat exchanger 5, which are components of the gas circulation described in more detail below.

Im Innenraum des Gehäuses 1 ist eine Heizkammer 6 angeordnet, die im Querschnitt etwa ellipsenförmig ausgebildet ist und zu den Wänden des Gehäuses 1 hin wärmeisoliert ist. Innen an den Wänden der Heizkammer 6 sind mittels geeignet Halter 7 Heizstäbe 8 befestigt, die sich über die axiale Länge der Heizkammer 6 erstrecken.In the interior of the housing 1, a heating chamber 6 is arranged, which is approximately elliptical in cross-section and is thermally insulated from the walls of the housing 1. On the inside of the walls of the heating chamber 6, heating rods 8 are attached by means of suitable holders 7, which extend over the axial length of the heating chamber 6.

Außerdem sind an der Decke und am Boden der Heizkammer 6 Gasauslaßöffnungen in Form von Düsen 9 vorgesehen, die über Gaszuführungsleitungen 10 gleichzeitig mit Kühlgas beaufschlagbar sind und in Richtung auf die Mittenebene der Heizkammer 6 gerichtete Gasströmungen erzeugen. Im Bereich der Mittenebene, d.h. dort wo die von den einander entgegengerichteten Düsen 9 erzeugten Gasströmungen aufeinander prallen, sind im Inneren der Heizkammer 6 die zu behandelnden Werkstücke 11 angeordnet, die von einer geeigneten Tragvorrichtung 12 getragen werden, welche beispielsweise als Gitterpalette ausgebildet sein kann. Seitlich neben der in der Mittenebene befindlichen Aufprallzone befinden sich in den Wänden der Heizkammer 6 Gasauslaßöffnungen in Form von Schlitzen 13. Diese Schlitze 13 sind von Abdeckblechen 14 gegen Strahlungswärme abgedeckt, die mit Abstand zum jeweiligen Öffnungsquerschnitt des Schlitzes 13 angeordnet sind.In addition, 6 gas outlet openings in the form of nozzles 9 are provided on the ceiling and on the bottom of the heating chamber, which cooling gas can be acted upon at the same time via gas supply lines 10 and produce gas flows directed towards the center plane of the heating chamber 6. In the area of the middle level, i.e. where the gas flows generated by the oppositely directed nozzles 9 collide, the workpieces 11 to be treated are arranged in the interior of the heating chamber 6 and are carried by a suitable carrying device 12, which can be designed, for example, as a grid pallet. To the side of the impact zone located in the center plane there are 6 gas outlet openings in the form of slots 13 in the walls of the heating chamber. These slots 13 are covered by cover plates 14 against radiant heat, which are arranged at a distance from the respective opening cross section of the slot 13.

Die als Gasauslaßöffnungen dienenden Schlitze 13 stehen über Gasrückführungskanäle 15 und den Wärmetauscher 5 mit der Saugseite des Gebläses 4 in Verbindung. Die Druckseite des Gebläses 4 steht demgegenüber über die Gaszuleitungen 10 mit den Düsen 9 in Verbindung. Das aus dem Gebläse 4, den Gaszuleitungen 5, den Düsen 9, den Schlitzen 13, den Gasrückführungsleitungen 15 und dem Wärmetauscher 5 bestehende Gasumwälzsystem ist außerdem an geeigneten Stellen mit Steuer- und Regelorgangen versehen, durch welche die umgewälzte Gasmenge dem Bedarf angepaßt werden kann. Diese Steuer- und Regelorgane sind in der Zeichnung nicht näher dargestellt.The slots 13 serving as gas outlet openings are connected to the suction side of the fan 4 via gas return channels 15 and the heat exchanger 5. In contrast, the pressure side of the blower 4 is connected to the nozzles 9 via the gas supply lines 10. The gas circulation system consisting of the blower 4, the gas supply lines 5, the nozzles 9, the slots 13, the gas return lines 15 and the heat exchanger 5 is also at suitable locations Provide control and regulation procedures, by means of which the circulated gas quantity can be adapted to the requirements. These control and regulating elements are not shown in the drawing.

Wie aus den in Fig. 1 dargestellten Strömungspfeilen sichtlich ist, sind beim Kammerofen gemäß der Erfindung die zu behandelnden Werkstücken dort angeordnet, wo die von den einander entgegengerichteten Düsen 9 erzeugten Gasströmungen aufeinander prallen. Die aufeinander prallenden Gasströmungen erzeugen um die Werkstücke 11 herum durch intensive Verwirbelung eine weitestgehend homogene Kühlzone, die eine gleichmäßige Abkühlung der Werkstücke 11 an allen mit dem Kühlgas in Berührung kommenden Oberflächen garantiert. Aufgrund des sich im Aufprallbereich ausbildenden Überdruckes und der seitlich neben dem Aufprallbereich befindlichen Gasabführungsöffnungen in Form Schlitzen 13 ergibt sich vom Aufprallbereich zu den Schlitzen 13 hin ein verhältnismäßig großes Druckgefälle, so daß das Kühlgas im Aufprallbereich verhältnismäßig schnell ausgetauscht wird.As can be seen from the flow arrows shown in FIG. 1, in the chamber furnace according to the invention the workpieces to be treated are arranged where the gas flows generated by the opposing nozzles 9 collide with one another. The gas flows colliding with one another produce a largely homogeneous cooling zone around the workpieces 11 through intensive swirling, which guarantees a uniform cooling of the workpieces 11 on all surfaces that come into contact with the cooling gas. Due to the overpressure forming in the impact area and the gas discharge openings in the form of slots 13 located to the side of the impact area, a relatively large pressure drop results from the impact area to the slots 13, so that the cooling gas is exchanged relatively quickly in the impact area.

Beim dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel liegt der Aufprallbereich waagerecht in der Mitte der Heizkammer. Bei entsprechender Anordnung der Düsen 9 und der Schlitze 13 sowie der Tragvorrichtung 12 kann dieser Aufprallbereich natürlich auch anders im Inneraum der Heizkammer 6 angeordnet sein, beispielsweise in der vertikalen Ebene. Wesentlich ist nur, daß die von den Düsen erzeugten Gasströmungen einander entgegengerichtet sind, daß die zu behandelnden Werkstücke im Aufprallbereich angeordnet sind und daß die als Schlitze ausgebildeten Gasabführungsöffnungen sich in dem an den Aufprallbereich angrenzenden Wandungen der Heizkammer befinden.In the illustrated embodiment, the impact area lies horizontally in the middle of the heating chamber. With a corresponding arrangement of the nozzles 9 and the slots 13 and the carrying device 12, this impact area can of course also be arranged differently in the interior of the heating chamber 6, for example in the vertical plane. It is only essential that the gas flows generated by the nozzles are directed in opposite directions, that the workpieces to be treated are arranged in the impact area and that the gas discharge openings designed as slots are located in the walls of the heating chamber adjacent to the impact area.

Claims (5)

1. A vacuum chamber furnace for the heat treatment of metal workpieces, comprising a substantially cylindrical housing containing a heating chamber which is insulated relative to the housing wall and in the interior of which is disposed a support arrangement for accommodating the workpieces to be treated, the walls of the heating chamber being provided with heating elements and, at mutually diametrally opposite sides, with gas inlet openings in the form of nozzles and gas outlet openings in the form of slits extending over the axial length of the heating chamber, wherein the gas inlet openings and the gas outlet openings are connected to a gas circulating system comprising a blower for circulation of the gas and a heat exchanger for cooling of the gas, characterised in that the mutually opposite gas inlet openings (9) can be simultaneously supplied with gas, that the support arrangement (12) holds the workpieces (11) to be treated in the region in which the gas flows produced by the opposite gas inlet openings (9) meet each other, and that the gas outlet openings (13) are arranged in the wall regions of the heating chamber (6), which are adjacent to said region.
2. A vacuum chamber furnace according to claim 1 characterised in that the nozzles (9) forming gas inlet openings are directed on to the workpieces (11) accommodated by the support arrangement (12).
3. A vacuum chamber furnace according to claims 1 and 2 characterised in that the slits (13) serving as gas outlet openings are covered over in the interior of the heating chamber (6), to protect them from radiant heat, by cover plates (14) which are arranged at a spacing relative to the respective opening cross-section of the slits (13).
4. A vacuum chamber furnace according to one or more of claims 1 to 4 characterised in that associated with the gas circulating system (4, 10, 9, 13, 15, 5) are control devices for controlling the amount of gas passed therethrough.
5. A vacuum chamber furnace according to one or more of claims 1 to 5 characterised in that the heating chamber (6) is of a substantially elliptical cross-section, wherein the workpieces (11) are held by the support arrangement (12) in the plane in which the longer axis of the ellipse extends.
EP88116992A 1987-10-17 1988-10-13 Vacuum chamber type furnace Expired - Lifetime EP0312909B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88116992T ATE67521T1 (en) 1987-10-17 1988-10-13 VACUUM FURNACE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3735186A DE3735186C1 (en) 1987-10-17 1987-10-17 Vacuum chamber furnace
DE3735186 1987-10-17

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0312909A1 EP0312909A1 (en) 1989-04-26
EP0312909B1 true EP0312909B1 (en) 1991-09-18

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EP88116992A Expired - Lifetime EP0312909B1 (en) 1987-10-17 1988-10-13 Vacuum chamber type furnace

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US (1) US4909732A (en)
EP (1) EP0312909B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE67521T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3735186C1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3818471A1 (en) * 1988-05-31 1989-12-21 Ipsen Ind Int Gmbh OVEN FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF IRON AND STEEL PARTS
DE3819803C1 (en) * 1988-06-10 1989-12-14 Ulrich 5810 Witten De Wingens
DE4014630A1 (en) * 1990-05-08 1991-11-14 Dieter Uschkoreit Oven providing rapid uniform heating of metallic workpieces - has several flow channels, rotatable gas flow distributor and encircling vacuum pressure chamber
US5391077A (en) * 1993-12-23 1995-02-21 Kerr-Mcgee Corporation Drum oven
US5934871A (en) * 1997-07-24 1999-08-10 Murphy; Donald G. Method and apparatus for supplying a anti-oxidizing gas to and simultaneously cooling a shaft and a fan in a heat treatment chamber
US11971216B1 (en) 2021-12-23 2024-04-30 Rolls-Royce High Temperature Composites, Inc. Retort with loading window

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US3565410A (en) * 1968-09-06 1971-02-23 Midland Ross Corp Vacuum furnace
US3994678A (en) * 1975-05-12 1976-11-30 Oliver Machinery Company Heater for billets
DE2839807C2 (en) * 1978-09-13 1986-04-17 Degussa Ag, 6000 Frankfurt Vacuum furnace with gas cooling device
US4516012A (en) * 1981-06-22 1985-05-07 G. S. Blodgett Co., Inc. Dual flow heating apparatus
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US4789333A (en) * 1987-12-02 1988-12-06 Gas Research Institute Convective heat transfer within an industrial heat treating furnace

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE67521T1 (en) 1991-10-15
US4909732A (en) 1990-03-20
DE3735186C1 (en) 1988-09-15
EP0312909A1 (en) 1989-04-26

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