EP0311569B1 - Procédé et appareil pour déterminer l'épaisseur moyenne de fibres en vrac - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil pour déterminer l'épaisseur moyenne de fibres en vrac Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0311569B1
EP0311569B1 EP88810675A EP88810675A EP0311569B1 EP 0311569 B1 EP0311569 B1 EP 0311569B1 EP 88810675 A EP88810675 A EP 88810675A EP 88810675 A EP88810675 A EP 88810675A EP 0311569 B1 EP0311569 B1 EP 0311569B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chamber
measuring
measuring chamber
plunger
piston
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88810675A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0311569A1 (fr
Inventor
Horst-Dieter Vogt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Textest AG
Original Assignee
Textest AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Textest AG filed Critical Textest AG
Publication of EP0311569A1 publication Critical patent/EP0311569A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0311569B1 publication Critical patent/EP0311569B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01G—PRELIMINARY TREATMENT OF FIBRES, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01G99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for determining the average fineness of loose fibers, in particular textile fibers according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention also relates to a device for carrying out the method according to the preamble of claim 4.
  • the known and proven measuring method is based on the knowledge that the air resistance of a fiber sample in the measuring chamber is roughly proportional to the fineness of the individual fibers, ie to the ratio of volume to surface of the fibers. Obviously, the volume of the fiber plug must be known for this calculation.
  • a measuring chamber with an unchangeable, known volume is filled with a predetermined mass of the fibers to be measured.
  • To compress the fiber sample it is already known to move a piston in the measuring chamber.
  • US-A-2,919,573 discloses a device for measuring the permeability of fibers.
  • the fiber sample is placed in a cylinder chamber and compressed with a piston that can be withdrawn for filling.
  • a stop on the piston ensures that the cylinder volume always remains the same.
  • the sample is also compressed by a piston, the stroke of which is limited.
  • the chamber is closed with a perforated lid, which makes handling a little easier.
  • Air is blown or sucked through the fiber plug that forms in the measuring chamber.
  • the pressure drop for a given air flow or the air flow for a given pressure drop is then a measure of the fiber fineness.
  • a major disadvantage of the known method is that the fiber sample must be weighed exactly before the measurement. This is the only way to ensure that the entire, predetermined volume of the measuring chamber is actually filled with fibers. An incomplete filling, ie a fiber plug that has cavities, would lead to a falsification of the measurement result.
  • the weighing process is time-consuming and is also an important potential source of errors.
  • the method should, as far as possible, allow extensive automation of a measurement process.
  • the associated device should have a simple and compact structure and be easy to use. This object is achieved with a method with the features of claim 1 or with a device with the features of claim 4.
  • the method according to the invention has the advantage that the mass of the fiber sample may fluctuate over a wide range without the measurement result being falsified.
  • the weighing of the fiber sample before the measurement can thus be dispensed with entirely, which results in considerable time savings. This is particularly important for mass measurements. Weighing the fiber sample also eliminates an important, potential source of error when determining the fiber fineness.
  • Each individual fiber sample is compressed with constant force in such a way that a compact fiber plug is formed in the measuring chamber. After the compaction process is complete, the volume of this fiber plug is measured.
  • This measurement can be carried out particularly easily if the fiber sample is compressed by inserting a piston into a cylinder chamber.
  • the fiber plug is compressed evenly in this way and the volume of the measuring chamber can be determined by various optical, electromechanical or electronic means.
  • the sliding piston makes filling and emptying the measuring chamber easier.
  • the piston can be moved to an extreme, rear end position to insert the fiber sample, so that the fibers are effortless and without strenuous work Plugs can be inserted into the extended measuring chamber.
  • the chamber is emptied particularly simply by ejecting the fiber sample from the cylinder chamber with the piston after the measurement process. This also saves the tedious manual removal and cleaning of the remaining fibers from the chamber.
  • the device can be actuated in a particularly simple manner if the piston is mounted in the measuring chamber in a rotationally fixed manner and if it can be driven by an electric motor via a threaded spindle. With the help of a suitable electric motor, a constant force can be transferred to the piston particularly easily.
  • control processes such as Returning to filling, pressing and then ejecting is particularly easy to perform using an electric motor. If the threaded spindle can be activated via a worm gear, the piston is self-locking in the end position and cannot be moved by the counter pressure of the fiber plug.
  • the electric motor can be arranged laterally, which results in further design advantages.
  • a particularly expedient structure of the gearbox is obtained if the threaded spindle is firmly connected to the piston as a piston rod and engages in a nut which is designed on the outside as a worm wheel meshing with the worm.
  • the piston itself on its back as a nut and to firmly connect the threaded spindle to the worm wheel.
  • the piston can be driven hydraulically or pneumatically with a pressure medium cylinder which can be acted upon by a constant pressure.
  • the device is particularly advantageously provided with a measuring device for automatically determining the end position of the piston which is proportional to a certain chamber volume.
  • this end position could also be determined, for example, using a scale on the piston, on the piston rod or on the cylinder. However, reading the scale again represents a source of error.
  • the measuring device can feed its result directly into a computer, which directly evaluates the result together with the other measurement data.
  • the volume measurement of the measuring chamber is particularly expedient if the measuring device has a pulse generator arranged on a gear part, e.g. a sector disk rotating with the drive shaft of the electric motor, which engages in a light barrier to count the number of revolutions made.
  • the light barrier registers every rotation or partial rotation of the sector disk and thus the piston stroke traveled.
  • the respective volume of the measuring chamber can be derived directly from this.
  • other measuring devices would also be conceivable, such as Potentiometers, incremental length measuring systems, etc.
  • the opening of the lid and the ejection of the fiber plug can be further simplified in that the lid has a lock with a locking bar that can be actuated electromagnetically and that the lid is pretensioned into an open position by means of spring tension.
  • the chamber cover can thus be opened automatically after the measurement process by slightly moving the piston back, so that the pressure on the fiber plug relieves the chamber cover.
  • the lock is opened by actuating the electromagnet and the pretensioned cover automatically snaps into the open position. The plunger is then pushed up again, the fiber plug being ejected.
  • the device essentially consists of a housing 11, the upper part of which is designed as a cylinder 12.
  • a piston 3 is slidably mounted, which is provided with suitable piston seals, so that the piston seals the cylinder 12 in any position.
  • the upper end of the cylinder is closed with a cover 2 which can be pivoted about a hinge 13.
  • the cover 2 and the piston 3 form the two end faces of a measuring chamber 1, which receives the fiber sample 29 in the form of a plug.
  • the piston 3 is provided with a piston bore 21 which widens conically towards the piston surface.
  • the actual piston surface is formed by a piston screen 23.
  • the cover 2 is with a cover hole 20 provided, which also widens conically.
  • a cover screen 22 forms the end of this extension. Air can be blown through the measuring chamber 1 via the flexible line 24 and exits into the atmosphere via the bore 20.
  • the locking of the cover 2 has a locking bolt 14 which can be pivoted about a joint 15.
  • a compression spring 16 Arranged below the joint 15 is a compression spring 16 which exerts a prestress on the locking bolt 14 in the direction of the closed position.
  • the locking bolt overlaps an axis 17 on the cover 2 and thus holds it in the closed position.
  • the closing force of the compression spring 16 can be overcome with the electromagnetic actuation device 25 which, when activated, brings the locking bolt 14 into the open position.
  • the piston 3 is provided with an axially parallel groove 18 which cooperates with a bolt 19 on the housing 11. In this way, the piston 3 is rotatably mounted in the cylinder 12.
  • the piston 3 is provided for its actuation with a threaded spindle 4 which engages in a nut 8.
  • This nut is mounted in the lower region of the housing 11 in roller bearings 26 and has a worm wheel 7 on its outer circumference. As can be seen from FIG. 2, this worm wheel 7 meshes with a worm 6, which is also mounted in roller bearings 28 on the housing 11.
  • the worm wheel 6 is connected via a suitable coupling 27 to an electric motor 5 which is flanged to the housing 11.
  • This electric motor is preferably a direct current motor with a known constant current is fed. In this way, a constant feed force can be exerted on the piston 3 via the worm gear.
  • the driving electric motor 5 could also be a stepper motor.
  • the clutch 27 could also be designed as a slip clutch or as a magnetic clutch.
  • the worm 6 is connected to a sector disk 9 on the side facing away from the motor.
  • the sector disk has translucent points on its circumference with a uniform division and engages in a light barrier 10 which is attached to the housing 11. With each rotation or partial rotation of the sector disk, measuring pulses are generated in a known manner, with which the respective piston position and thus the respective volume of the measuring chamber 1 can be determined.
  • the dynamic pressure generated at the measuring chamber 1 is measured with the aid of an electronic sensor 30 which is connected to the line 24. Instead of the dynamic pressure, the pressure of the air after leaving the measuring chamber could also be determined.
  • This sensor, as well as the light barrier 10, transmit their measuring pulses to a measuring and control device 31, as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the measuring and control device is also in operative connection with the electric motor 5 and possibly with the electromagnetic actuation device 25, so that a measurement process can be carried out automatically with the aid of a control program.
  • the fiber fineness is determined directly by a computer on the basis of the entered measured values and displayed analog or digital.
  • the measuring and control device can also be provided with a printer so that measurement protocols can be printed out.
  • the piston 3 is in a retracted filling position, such as shown in Figure 1.
  • the measuring chamber 1 is filled with a fiber sample 29, the exact mass of which does not have to be taken into account further.
  • the cover 2 is then closed, so that the locking bolt 14 engages in the closed position.
  • the electric motor 5 is then activated via the measuring and control device 31, so that the nut 8 is rotated via the worm gear.
  • the threaded spindle 4 is pressed upwards in the direction of arrow B, so that the piston 3 compresses the fiber sample 29 in the measuring chamber 1.
  • the fiber sample 29 is compressed into a compact plug until a predetermined contact pressure is reached.
  • the electric motor stands still and the piston 3 has reached its end position.
  • the sector disk 9 also rotates in the direction of arrow C and generates 10 measuring pulses on the light barrier. Each pulse in the positive or negative direction corresponds to a certain volume of the measuring chamber 1.
  • the measuring and control device 31 When the electric motor 5 and thus the sector disk 9 are stopped, the measured chamber volume is automatically registered by the measuring and control device 31. An air stream is then passed through the measuring chamber via the line 24, for example in the direction of arrow A, the sensor 30 determining the dynamic pressure. This measured value is also fed to the measuring and control device 31, which now directly calculates the fiber fineness from the pressure drop at the fiber plug and from the previously measured volume.
  • the piston 3 is retracted somewhat by a corresponding control pulse onto the electric motor 5, so that the cover 2 is relieved. Then the locking bolt 14 is opened electromagnetically and the lid 2 jumps into an open position. The piston can now be raised completely, so that the fiber sample 29 is expelled from the measuring chamber 1, as shown in FIG. 4. The piston can then be moved back to the starting position in preparation for a new measuring process.
  • FIG. 5 shows an example of a diagram in which the measured pressure drop Delta p at the fiber plug is plotted in Pascals on the ordinate.
  • the three curves above the abscissa represent different fiber masses in the measuring chamber, which are determined via the volume.
  • the fiber fineness, expressed in micronaire on the abscissa, can be read from these values.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Preliminary Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)

Claims (11)

1. Procédé pour déterminer l'épaisseur moyenne de fibres en vrac, selon lequel une chambre de mesure (1) est remplie d'un échantillon de fibres (29), puis un courant d'air est amené à travers ladite chambre de mesure, l'influence exercée sur le courant d'air par les fibres étant mesurée et l'épaisseur des fibres étant calculée, à partir de cette grandeur, en fonction du volume de la chambre de mesure, caractérisé en ce que, avant le passage du courant d'air, l'échantillon de fibres (29) est comprimé dans la chambre de mesure (1) sous l'effet du déplacement d'une ou plusieurs parois de la chambre suivant une force constante, et en ce que le volume de la chambre est mesuré séparément pour chaque échantillon de fibres à l'état comprimé.
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la compression de l'échantillon de fibres se fait par l'introduction d'un piston dans une chambre de cylindre.
3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que l'échantillon de fibres est évacué de la chamhre de cylindre, à l'aide du piston (3), après l'opération de mesure.
4. Dispositif pour déterminer l'épaisseur moyenne de fibres en vrac, comportant une chambre de mesure (1) pour recevoir un échantillon de fibres (29), dont les faces frontales sont perforées en vue de laisser passer un courant d'air, une face frontale définissant un couvercle (2), apte à être verrouillé, pour la chambre de mesure (1) tandis que la face frontale de la chambre de mesure opposée au couvercle est conçue comme un piston mobile (3), caractérisé en ce que le piston est apte à être pressé contre l'échantillon de fibres (29) avec une force constante, et en ce que le dispositif possède un dispositif de mesure pour déterminer la position finale du piston proportionnelle à un volume de chambre défini.
5. Dispositif selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que le piston est monté, fixe en rotation, dans la chambre de mesure (1) et est apte à être entraîné par un moteur électrique (5) par l'intermédiaire d'une broche filetée (4).
6. Dispositif selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que la broche filetée est apte à être actionnée par l'intermédiaire d'un engrenage à vis sans fin (6, 7).
7. Dispositif selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que la broche filetée (4) est fixée, sous la forme d'une tige de piston, au piston (3) et est en prise dans un écrou (8) qui est conçu, sur sa face extérieure, comme une roue à denture hélicoïdale (7) en prise avec la vis sans fin (6).
8. Dispositif selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que le piston (3) est apte à être entraîné par un cylindre de pression lui-même apte à être sollicité par une pression constante.
9. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 4 à 8, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de mesure possède un générateur d'impulsions disposé dans un organe de commande.
10. Dispositif selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que le générateur d'impulsions consiste en une plaque en forme de secteur (9) tournant avec l'arbre d'entrainement du moteur électrique (5) et pénétrant dans une cellule photo-électrique (10) en vue de compter les rotations effectuées.
11. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 4 à 10, caractérisé en ce que le couvercle possède un dispositif de verrouillage comportant un verrou de blocage (14) qui est apte à être actionné d'une manière électromagnétique, et en ce que le couvercle est précontraint en position d'ouverture par tension élastique.
EP88810675A 1987-10-06 1988-09-30 Procédé et appareil pour déterminer l'épaisseur moyenne de fibres en vrac Expired - Lifetime EP0311569B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH3895/87 1987-10-06
CH3895/87A CH674572A5 (fr) 1987-10-06 1987-10-06

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0311569A1 EP0311569A1 (fr) 1989-04-12
EP0311569B1 true EP0311569B1 (fr) 1991-08-14

Family

ID=4265810

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88810675A Expired - Lifetime EP0311569B1 (fr) 1987-10-06 1988-09-30 Procédé et appareil pour déterminer l'épaisseur moyenne de fibres en vrac

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4891967A (fr)
EP (1) EP0311569B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH01140063A (fr)
CH (1) CH674572A5 (fr)
DE (1) DE3864229D1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3218591B2 (ja) * 1995-04-28 2001-10-15 新東工業株式会社 鋳物砂の通気度測定装置
US5892142A (en) * 1998-02-06 1999-04-06 Zellweger Uster, Inc. Fiber micronaire testing system
US6098454A (en) 1998-02-06 2000-08-08 Zellweger Uster, Inc. Subsampling fiber testing system
AU7586400A (en) * 1999-09-16 2001-04-17 Shofner Engineering Associates, Inc. Conditioning and testing cotton fiber
FR2840071B1 (fr) * 2002-05-22 2004-07-23 Saint Gobain Isover Dispositif de determination de la finesse de fibres minerales
AU2005286052A1 (en) * 2004-09-20 2006-03-30 Unnikrishna Vinod Kurup Method and equipment for determining fibre fineness
ITUB20154753A1 (it) 2015-10-30 2017-04-30 Mesdan Spa Dispositivo di misurazione per la misurazione della finezza e della maturita? di fibre di cotone.

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2706904A (en) * 1951-04-09 1955-04-26 Univ Tennessee Res Corp Apparatus for and method of testing porous materials
US2919573A (en) * 1956-10-01 1960-01-05 Sheffield Corp Apparatus for measuring fiber permeability
US3111836A (en) * 1960-05-03 1963-11-26 Sheffield Corp Gaging apparatus
US3416376A (en) * 1966-11-30 1968-12-17 Fuller Co Surface area measurement of variable length sample of finely divided solids
DE3539320A1 (de) * 1985-11-06 1987-05-27 Gessner & Co Gmbh Messkopf fuer die messung der porositaet einer sich bewegenden bahn

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH01140063A (ja) 1989-06-01
EP0311569A1 (fr) 1989-04-12
DE3864229D1 (de) 1991-09-19
CH674572A5 (fr) 1990-06-15
US4891967A (en) 1990-01-09

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