EP0310863A2 - Procédé de compensation en température d'un oscillateur à quartz commandé en tension dans une boucle d'asservissement de phase - Google Patents

Procédé de compensation en température d'un oscillateur à quartz commandé en tension dans une boucle d'asservissement de phase Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0310863A2
EP0310863A2 EP88115486A EP88115486A EP0310863A2 EP 0310863 A2 EP0310863 A2 EP 0310863A2 EP 88115486 A EP88115486 A EP 88115486A EP 88115486 A EP88115486 A EP 88115486A EP 0310863 A2 EP0310863 A2 EP 0310863A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
quartz
temperature
oscillator
phase
voltage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP88115486A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0310863B1 (fr
EP0310863A3 (en
Inventor
Eduard Dipl.-Ing. Fh Zwack
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Publication date
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Priority to AT88115486T priority Critical patent/ATE77185T1/de
Publication of EP0310863A2 publication Critical patent/EP0310863A2/fr
Publication of EP0310863A3 publication Critical patent/EP0310863A3/de
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Publication of EP0310863B1 publication Critical patent/EP0310863B1/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03L—AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION, OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES
    • H03L1/00—Stabilisation of generator output against variations of physical values, e.g. power supply
    • H03L1/02—Stabilisation of generator output against variations of physical values, e.g. power supply against variations of temperature only
    • H03L1/022—Stabilisation of generator output against variations of physical values, e.g. power supply against variations of temperature only by indirect stabilisation, i.e. by generating an electrical correction signal which is a function of the temperature
    • H03L1/023—Stabilisation of generator output against variations of physical values, e.g. power supply against variations of temperature only by indirect stabilisation, i.e. by generating an electrical correction signal which is a function of the temperature by using voltage variable capacitance diodes
    • H03L1/025—Stabilisation of generator output against variations of physical values, e.g. power supply against variations of temperature only by indirect stabilisation, i.e. by generating an electrical correction signal which is a function of the temperature by using voltage variable capacitance diodes and a memory for digitally storing correction values

Definitions

  • phase frequency control loops phase frequency control loops - hereinafter referred to as PLL (phase-locked loop) devices.
  • a PLL device essentially contains a voltage-controlled oscillator and a phase comparator with a downstream filter which compares the output signals of the oscillator with the clock information with regard to their phase and controls the oscillator as a function of the comparison result.
  • the oscillator is mainly implemented as a quartz oscillator, whereby the properties of the quartz, which significantly influence the accuracy of an oscillator, must be taken into account. Specifically, these are its temperature dependency and the change in the quartz properties caused by aging.
  • the temperature dependence of the quartz can be seen in the fact that temperature fluctuations of the quartz caused by the ambient temperature cause frequency deviations of the oscillator.
  • the frequency deviations as a function of the quartz temperature are defined in temperature response curves that are assigned to each quartz.
  • the temperature dependence of the quartz essentially depends on the type of quartz cut from, ie the angle to a crystal axis at which the quartz is cut out of the quartz crystal. Since the frequency range of the PLL devices in digital telecommunications network components is usually above 1 MHz, crystals with so-called "AT cuts" are used. Methods are now known with which the frequency deviations caused by temperature fluctuations can be compensated. Such a method is described in the ZVEI publication, quartz crystals, an indispensable component in electronics, conference documentation Quartz Symposium '85.
  • the quartz is thermally coupled to a temperature sensor of a temperature measuring device. The analog measured values are digitized in an A / D converter and fed to a memory in which the voltage values required for the compensation are stored in digital form.
  • Each digitized measured value is assigned a digital compensation value which, after a D / A conversion, arrives at the voltage control input of the oscillator as an analog compensation voltage and corrects the temperature-related frequency deviations.
  • a digital compensation value which, after a D / A conversion, arrives at the voltage control input of the oscillator as an analog compensation voltage and corrects the temperature-related frequency deviations.
  • Such an oscillator can also be used in a PLL device. It is to be regarded as particularly advantageous here to replace the memory with a processor device equipped with a memory, since in addition to the temperature compensation of the quartz, a correction of the oscillator must be included, which is necessary due to the frequency deviations or phase deviations of the two clock signals.
  • the corresponding compensation values are stored for a selected number of quartz temperatures within a selected operating temperature range - for example -20 ° to + 70 °.
  • the number of quartz temperatures for which compensation values are stored depends, for example, on the curvature of the temperature response curve of the quartz, since for the currently measured quartz temperatures between the selected quartz temperatures, the compensation values by linear interpolation - requires more selected quartz temperatures in the case of strong curvatures of the temperature response curve to keep the interpolation errors low - are calculated.
  • the respective intermediate value is to be calculated for each voltage level determined by the A / D converter.
  • the object of the invention is to design a method so that both the memory-intensive storage of compensation values per A / D converter voltage level and the computer-intensive linear interpolation are avoided.
  • the object is achieved on the basis of the method described at the outset by the characterizing features of claim 1.
  • the essential idea of the invention can be seen in the fact that the quartz of the quartz oscillator is brought to one of the two selected quartz temperatures which are closest to the ambient temperature by means of a heating or cooling device. This has the effect that if the reference clock signals fail, the stored compensation values for the selected quartz temperatures can be used directly for forming the control voltage for the voltage-controlled quartz oscillator without additional calculations or interpolations.
  • Another advantage of the invention is that when the quartz oscillator is started up, a minimal heating or cooling time is required in order to control the quartz oscillator to the closest selected quartz temperature, as a result of which the period in which the quartz oscillator can have larger frequency deviations is as short as possible is held.
  • the compensation values that serve for temperature compensation of the quartz should be kept as small as possible with regard to the voltage value in order to be able to compensate for the greatest possible frequency deviations of the oscillator signals from the reference clock signals.
  • a quartz is therefore preferably selected in which a required frequency deviation is not exceeded within a predetermined operating temperature range - see claim 2 -. Usually these are crystals with 'AT cuts' from 2 to 4 degrees. Due to the rapid aging of quartz crystals, there are considerable changes in the frequency response curves, which make an update of the compensation values appear desirable.
  • Another advantage of the invention is that the compensation values can be updated during operation for the selected quartz temperatures. To determine the current compensation values, two condition conditions that frequently occur during operation are required.
  • the digitized control voltage of the voltage-controlled quartz oscillator thus represents the current compensation value for the currently selected quartz temperature.
  • This determined compensation value is stored as the current compensation value, which now includes the changes due to quartz aging, in the memory area which is assigned to the currently selected quartz temperature . Due to the changing ambient temperature, different selected quartz temperatures are set during operation, for which a current compensation value is then determined and stored under the aforementioned conditions.
  • both a heating and a cooling effect can be achieved.
  • the cooling or heating effect depends on the current direction through the Peltier element and the intensity on the current strength.
  • the selected quartz temperature can be set that is closest to the ambient temperature of the quartz oscillator. This means that with minimal power, i.e. Heating or cooling output, a selected quartz temperature can be set.
  • the method according to the invention can also be implemented with a simple heating device.
  • a transistor can be provided as the heating device.
  • the processor device When using a heating device, the processor device must control the heating device with the aid of the temperature measuring device in such a way that the quartz has the selected temperature that is higher than the ambient temperature.
  • Another important advantage of the invention lies in the simple first-time determination of the compensation values of the quartz.
  • the quartz is brought to a selected quartz temperature - usefully starting with the highest or lowest - by means of the heating or cooling device - realized as a Peltier element.
  • highly constant reference clock signals are compared with the quartz oscillator signals.
  • the quartz oscillator drive voltage is now changed until the frequency of the reference clock signals and the oscillator signals is the same.
  • the quartz oscillator control voltage reached last represents the associated compensation value for the selected quartz temperature.
  • This compensation value is stored in one of the memory areas of the processor device assigned to the selected quartz temperatures. This process is carried out analogously for the other selected quartz temperatures - claim 6 -.
  • the heating or cooling effect of the Peltier element used is not sufficient, another powerful Peltier element can be thermally connected in series.
  • the direct heating or cooling of the quartz creates conditions such as are present during the later operation of the oscillator.
  • the use of expensive climatic cabinets is avoided, in which the quartz oscillator is also heated or cooled from the outside, thereby creating operating conditions with regard to temperature generation and distribution which do not exactly correspond to the later operating conditions.
  • FIG. 1 shows several temperature response curves TG of quartz crystals with an “AT cut”.
  • the temperature curve curves TG are in one X / Y coordinate system is shown, the X-axis showing the temperature changes T of the quartz in degrees Celsius ° C and on the Y-axis the frequency deviations ⁇ F from the nominal frequency F of the quartz in PPM (parts per million).
  • An operating temperature range BT of -20 ° C. to + 70 ° C. is assumed for the exemplary embodiment.
  • a quartz is to be selected whose maximum frequency deviations ⁇ F are lowest in a given operating temperature range BT. As can be seen from FIG.
  • the temperature response curve TG of a quartz with an “AT cut” of 2 degrees comes closest to the required conditions. Furthermore, it is assumed for the exemplary embodiment that the selected quartz temperatures AQT are regularly distributed in 5 ° C. steps over the operating temperature range BT. This results in nineteen compensation values to be stored.
  • a quartz selected according to FIG. 1 is now contained in a voltage-controlled quartz oscillator VCXO shown in FIG.
  • This voltage-controlled oscillator VCXO consists, for example, of an integrated oscillator circuit, of the selected quartz and a pull circuit with which the oscillator frequency can be regulated within predetermined limits. Since the pulling circuit is essentially realized by capacitance diodes, a frequency change is achieved by varying a DC voltage which is applied to a voltage input SE of the voltage-controlled quartz oscillator VCXO.
  • the voltage-controlled crystal oscillator VCXO - hereinafter referred to as oscillator VCXO - is housed together with a temperature sensor TS in a metal housing G.
  • a Peltier element PE is arranged in a form-fitting manner on one of the outer sides of this metal housing G.
  • the remaining outer sides of the metal housing G are provided with thermal insulation in order to radiate the heat or coolness present in the metal housing avoid.
  • the heating or cooling capacity of the Peltier element PE is to be dimensioned based on the selected 5 ° C quartz temperature steps so that a maximum temperature difference of ⁇ 3 ° C to the ambient temperature is brought about in the metal housing G.
  • Both the control input SE of the oscillator VCXO and the outputs of the temperature sensor TS are each connected to an analog-digital conversion device D / A.
  • the analog temperature measurement signals ts coming from the temperature sensor TS are converted into digital temperature measurement signals dts and fed to an input E1 provided for this purpose of a processor device PZE.
  • the voltage signals ds digitized by the processor device PZE are converted into analog voltage signals as and fed to the control voltage input SE of the oscillator VCXO.
  • the electrical outputs of the Peltier element PE are led to an adaptation device AP, which is also connected to the processor device PZE.
  • digital control signals cs coming from the processor device PZE are converted into analog current flows i and, depending on whether a heating or cooling effect is to be achieved, the corresponding current direction and the intensity are set by a corresponding current strength.
  • the oscillator signals os output at the output A of the oscillator VXO are led via a first divider device T1 to a first input E1 of a phase comparison device PVE.
  • Reference clock signals rs are fed to a second input E2 of the phase comparison device PVE via a second divider device T2.
  • the reference clock signals rs are derived, for example, from the received information of a transmission device and regenerated.
  • the reference clock signals rs and the oscillator signals os are compared in terms of their phases. The comparison result reaches a second input E2 of the processor device PZE via a correspondingly arranged connection.
  • the one as a micro A processor-implemented processor device PZE is assigned a PROM (programmable read-only memory) for storing the operating system programs and a ROM (random access memory) for storing data and user programs. Both memories PROM, RAM are connected to the processor device PZE via a bus system B formed from control, address and data lines.
  • the processor device PZE can be implemented, for example, using the Siemens 8051 microprocessor system.
  • the core unit of this 8051 microprocessor system is the 8 bit - one chip - 8051 microcomputer.
  • the clock generator, the input / output device and a RAM memory are integrated in this microprocessor.
  • the adaptation device AP and the two analog-digital conversion devices D / A are connected via the input / output device of the processor device PZE, not shown.
  • analog information is converted into 12-bit-wide digital information.
  • the analog-digital conversion devices are thus each connected to the processor device PZE via 12 lines. Since the input / output device of the processor device PZE does not have so many connections, the 12 lines are connected to 12 inputs of the input / output device via a multiplex device, not shown, which is controlled by the processor device PZE. In order to be able to communicate with the processor device PZE via an external terminal, this can be equipped with a V.24 interface.
  • V.24 interface lines and routed to an externally arranged V.24 plug-in connection via adapter devices that convert the internal TTL signals into V.24-compliant signals.
  • a suitable program - already implemented for such microprocessor systems - must be implemented for the implementation of the V.24 transmission procedure and for the preparation of the data - the data received and to be sent.
  • the first and second divider devices T1, T2 and the phase comparison device PVE are used to compare the phase of the reference clock signals rs with the oscillator signals os and to transmit the comparison result to the processor device PZE via the system bus B consisting of data and control lines.
  • the size of the phase deviation is determined in terms of hardware by means of the first and second divider devices T1, T2 and the phase comparison device PVE and is transmitted to the processor device PZE at a certain point in time - communicated to the microprocessor system PZE via the INTERRUPT input.
  • a digital control signal - which represents the compensation value - is formed in the processor device PZE by means of a program realizing a PI control element as a function of the phase deviation and is led to the voltage input SE of the oscillator VCXO via a digital-analog conversion device.
  • This control signal is dimensioned so that phase equality between the reference clock signals rs and the oscillator signals os is achieved.
  • the control signal is simultaneously stored in a memory area assigned to the selected quartz temperature as a compensation value and, in the event of failure of the reference clock signals at the correspondingly selected quartz temperature, is used to directly drive the oscillator VCXO.
  • the temperature sensor TS - realized, for example, by a semiconductor temperature sensor and an analog adaptation circuit - the temperature within the metal housing G is measured and fed to the processor device PZE via the analog-digital conversion device A / D.
  • the oscillator temperature will correspond to the ambient temperature of the phase-locked loop. For example, this is + 22 ° C. Due to the selected quartz temperatures - as initially defined in 5 ° C steps within the operating temperature range - the selected quartz temperature + 20 ° C is closest to the currently measured temperature.
  • the processor device PZE together with the adaptation device AP controls the Peltier element PE in such a way that a cooling effect is achieved.
  • the oscillator VCXO is as long cooled until the selected quartz temperature of + 20 ° C is reached.
  • This set, selected quartz temperature is kept constant by appropriate control of the Peltier element PE, as long as a permissible current through the Peltier element PE, which indicates an increase or decrease in the ambient temperature, is not exceeded. If, for example, the ambient temperature rises to + 24 ° C, the housing G containing the oscillator VCXO must be cooled by 4 ° C. This means a current through the Peltier element PE, which is above a permissible current with which the housing G is heated or cooled by a maximum of ⁇ 3 ° C, based on the currently selected quartz temperature.
  • the Peltier element PE is now controlled in such a way that the next higher, selected quartz temperature of 25 ° C. is set. As a result, the current through the Peltier element PE falls again below a value which lies within the permissible current range.
  • This method for temperature control of the oscillator is stored, for example, as a user program in the processor device PZE. With the method according to the invention it is now achieved that the temperature difference between the ambient temperature and the selected quartz temperature is smallest and the compensation values stored for the selected quartz temperatures can be used directly to form the control information of the oscillator VCXO if the reference clock signals rs fail.
  • This control information ds represents digitized voltage values which are supplied to the oscillator VCXO after a D / A conversion in a digital-to-analog conversion device.
EP88115486A 1987-09-28 1988-09-21 Procédé de compensation en température d'un oscillateur à quartz commandé en tension dans une boucle d'asservissement de phase Expired - Lifetime EP0310863B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88115486T ATE77185T1 (de) 1987-09-28 1988-09-21 Verfahren zur temperaturkompensation eines spannungsgesteuerten quarzoszillators in einem phasenregelkreis.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3732627 1987-09-28
DE3732627 1987-09-28

Publications (3)

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EP0310863A2 true EP0310863A2 (fr) 1989-04-12
EP0310863A3 EP0310863A3 (en) 1989-05-10
EP0310863B1 EP0310863B1 (fr) 1992-06-10

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EP88115486A Expired - Lifetime EP0310863B1 (fr) 1987-09-28 1988-09-21 Procédé de compensation en température d'un oscillateur à quartz commandé en tension dans une boucle d'asservissement de phase

Country Status (6)

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US (1) US4893097A (fr)
EP (1) EP0310863B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE77185T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3871893D1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2031976T3 (fr)
FI (1) FI89427C (fr)

Cited By (6)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4302529A1 (en) * 1993-01-29 1993-06-17 Siemens Ag Temp.-stabilised oscillator circuit with controlled heating element - detects change of impedance at output of VCO associated with temp.-sensitive measurement oscillator
EP0608681A1 (fr) * 1993-01-29 1994-08-03 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Circuit, oscillateur avec une mémoire de mémorisation d'informations caractéristiques individuelles au quartz vibreur
WO1994027372A1 (fr) * 1993-05-14 1994-11-24 Nokia Telecommunications Oy Procede de mise en service d'un emetteur radio et emetteur radio
EP0635137A1 (fr) * 1992-11-13 1995-01-25 Western Atlas International, Inc. Base de temps stabilisee par rapport aux temperatures elevees
US5751194A (en) * 1994-06-07 1998-05-12 Nokia Telecommunications Oy Phase-locked loop having charge pump controlled according to temperature and frequency
EP1087530A1 (fr) * 1999-09-22 2001-03-28 Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) Circuit de compensation de température pour quartz duals adaptés

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DE4497995T1 (de) * 1993-10-22 1995-11-23 Toyo Communication Equip Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Frequenzmessung
US5576666A (en) * 1993-11-12 1996-11-19 Nippondenso Technical Center Usa, Inc. Fractional-N frequency synthesizer with temperature compensation
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US6483371B1 (en) 2000-10-02 2002-11-19 Northrop Grumman Corporation Universal temperature compensation application specific integrated circuit
US6784756B2 (en) * 2001-12-21 2004-08-31 Corning Incorporated On-board processor compensated oven controlled crystal oscillator
US6816018B1 (en) * 2002-07-19 2004-11-09 3Com Corporation System and method for partitioning a system timing reference among multiple circuit boards
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US20060113639A1 (en) * 2002-10-15 2006-06-01 Sehat Sutardja Integrated circuit including silicon wafer with annealed glass paste
US20060262623A1 (en) 2002-10-15 2006-11-23 Sehat Sutardja Phase locked loop with temperature compensation
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US7852098B2 (en) * 2005-08-01 2010-12-14 Marvell World Trade Ltd. On-die heating circuit and control loop for rapid heating of the die
US7872542B2 (en) * 2005-08-01 2011-01-18 Marvell World Trade Ltd. Variable capacitance with delay lock loop
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Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0635137A1 (fr) * 1992-11-13 1995-01-25 Western Atlas International, Inc. Base de temps stabilisee par rapport aux temperatures elevees
EP0635137A4 (fr) * 1992-11-13 1995-04-19 Western Atlas Int Inc Base de temps stabilisee par rapport aux temperatures elevees.
DE4302529A1 (en) * 1993-01-29 1993-06-17 Siemens Ag Temp.-stabilised oscillator circuit with controlled heating element - detects change of impedance at output of VCO associated with temp.-sensitive measurement oscillator
EP0608681A1 (fr) * 1993-01-29 1994-08-03 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Circuit, oscillateur avec une mémoire de mémorisation d'informations caractéristiques individuelles au quartz vibreur
US5574408A (en) * 1993-01-29 1996-11-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Oscillator circuit having a memory that stores the characteristic information of the individual oscillator crystal
WO1994027372A1 (fr) * 1993-05-14 1994-11-24 Nokia Telecommunications Oy Procede de mise en service d'un emetteur radio et emetteur radio
US5839059A (en) * 1993-05-14 1998-11-17 Nokia Telecommunications Oy Method for starting a radio transmitter, and a radio transmitter using a start-up estimated control voltage needed for locking onto selected output frequency
US5751194A (en) * 1994-06-07 1998-05-12 Nokia Telecommunications Oy Phase-locked loop having charge pump controlled according to temperature and frequency
EP1087530A1 (fr) * 1999-09-22 2001-03-28 Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) Circuit de compensation de température pour quartz duals adaptés
WO2001022592A1 (fr) * 1999-09-22 2001-03-29 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Dispositif de compensation de temperature a cristal accorde
US6522212B1 (en) 1999-09-22 2003-02-18 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Matched crystal temperature compensation device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2031976T3 (es) 1993-01-01
ATE77185T1 (de) 1992-06-15
FI89427B (fi) 1993-06-15
DE3871893D1 (de) 1992-07-16
FI884429A (fi) 1989-03-29
EP0310863B1 (fr) 1992-06-10
EP0310863A3 (en) 1989-05-10
FI884429A0 (fi) 1988-09-27
US4893097A (en) 1990-01-09
FI89427C (fi) 1993-09-27

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