EP0307556A2 - Powder for preparing hard materials in short reaction periods, especially for filling hollow wires for electric arc metallizing - Google Patents
Powder for preparing hard materials in short reaction periods, especially for filling hollow wires for electric arc metallizing Download PDFInfo
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- EP0307556A2 EP0307556A2 EP88109969A EP88109969A EP0307556A2 EP 0307556 A2 EP0307556 A2 EP 0307556A2 EP 88109969 A EP88109969 A EP 88109969A EP 88109969 A EP88109969 A EP 88109969A EP 0307556 A2 EP0307556 A2 EP 0307556A2
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- powder
- hard materials
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- starting materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/06—Metallic material
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12181—Composite powder [e.g., coated, etc.]
Definitions
- the invention relates to powders for producing hard materials with short reaction times, in particular for filling hollow wires for arc spraying.
- wear-resistant protective layers can be produced by arc spraying cored wires (German Patent No. 2002472, European Patent No. 0118307).
- the invention has for its object to produce hard materials with the short reaction times available during arc spraying (from the melting point until the particles hit the substrate).
- the powder used for filling the hollow wires by spray drying or agglomeration of powder Migen metallic and / or non-metallic starting materials is produced using organic or inorganic binders, so that high proportions of hard materials can form on the flight path of the spray particles - from the melting point to the substrate surface.
- the distance (reaction path) between the powdery starting materials (reaction partners) is significantly reduced compared to a loose powder mixture and the reaction yield is increased.
- some of the powdery starting materials consist of exothermic metals such as Al, Ni, Ti, Cr, Mo, V, Zr, Ta.
- Another part of the starting powder consists of metallic and non-metallic hard materials such as Cr3C2, SiC, TiB2, CrB2, B4C, TiC, VC, TiN, Si3N4, WC, which are converted to other hard materials during the particle flight.
- some of the powdery starting materials can be made from oxides which react strongly exothermically with the metals Al, Ni, Ti, Cr, Mo, V, Zr, Ta, such as Cr2O3, ZrO2, TiO2, CoO, Al2O3 and CeO2 exist.
- part of the powder can also be composed of inert powder-like master alloys based on iron and non-iron such as FeCr, FeCrC, FeMo, CoB, MoNi, FeMn, FeW, FeNb, NiB, FeB, NbCr and / or carbon.
- the advantages achieved by the invention are, in particular, that hard materials can be produced in a short time, starting from inexpensive starting powder.
- This makes it possible, for example, when using these powders produced by spray drying or agglomeration to fill hollow wires for arc spraying, to produce wear-resistant layers with a high proportion of hard material.
- these powders produced by spray drying or agglomeration to fill hollow wires for arc spraying, to produce wear-resistant layers with a high proportion of hard material.
- the layers produced in this way are more homogeneous and self-adhesive than conventional layers. The spraying of expensive primer layers is therefore not necessary.
- FIG. 1 shows, by way of example, the top view of a simple powder which is composed for the filling of hollow wires for arc spraying and is produced by spray drying or agglomeration.
- the chrome and silicon carbide particles associated with an alcohol are superficially coated with aluminum and nickel particles. Due to the high melting temperature during arc spraying and the short reaction paths resulting from the bonding, the chromium and silicon carbide particles react at the interfaces according to the following equation: 1) aCr + bSiC ⁇ cSiC + dCr x C y + eSi to chrome carbide. Due to the strong exothermic character and the parallel reaction between nickel 1 and aluminum 2: 2) Ni + Al ⁇ NiAl the temperature of the spray particles is increased and the cooling of the particles on the flight path is counteracted by radiation and convection, ie the course of the reaction 1) is accelerated and supported.
- reaction of aluminum with excess silicon from reaction 1) results in a wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant matrix component made of AlSi in accordance with the following reaction: 3) Al + Si ⁇ AlSi generated.
- FIG. 2 shows a plan view of a further example of a simple powder which is composed for the filling of hollow wires for arc spraying and is produced by spray drying or agglomeration.
- FIG. 3 shows a top view of another example of a simple powder particle which is composed for filling hollow wires for arc spraying and is produced by spray drying or agglomeration.
- the ferrochrome and graphite particles associated with water glass are coated on the surface with aluminum and chromium oxide particles.
- the ferrochrome particles react with the graphite particles according to the following reaction: 6) aFeCr + bC ⁇ cCr x C y + dFe to chrome carbide.
- aFeCr + bC ⁇ cCr x C y + dFe to chrome carbide As a result of the exothermic reaction between aluminum 4 and chromium oxide 5: 7) aAl + bCr2O3 ⁇ cAl2O3 + dCr reaction 6) is forced in the same way as in the first example.
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft Pulver zum Erzeugen von Hartstoffen bei kurzen Reaktionszeiten, insbesondere zur Füllung von Hohldrähten zum Lichtbogenspritzen.The invention relates to powders for producing hard materials with short reaction times, in particular for filling hollow wires for arc spraying.
Es ist bekannt, daß durch Lichtbogenspritzen von Fülldrähten verschleißfeste Schutzschichten erzeugt werden können (deutsche Patentschrift Nr. 2002472, europäische Patentschrift Nr. 0118307).It is known that wear-resistant protective layers can be produced by arc spraying cored wires (German Patent No. 2002472, European Patent No. 0118307).
Dabei ist es allerdings nötig, entweder durch Verdüsen die zur Füllung der Hohldrähte verwendeten Pulver so herzustellen, daß ein gleichmäßiger Abbrand mit dem Luftsauerstoff auf dem Flugweg der Spritzteilchen erfolgt und/oder die Hohldrähte mit metallischen und nichtmetallischen Hartstoffen zu füllen, da während der kurzen Flugzeiten der Spritzteilchen beim Lichtbogenspritzen von rd. 1 - 10 ms (Tagungsband "2nd Int. Conf. on Surface Engineering", England, 1987, paper 39) im Gegensatz beispielsweise zum Fülldrahtschweißen, wo gleichgewichtsnahe Zustände herrschen, nur geringfügige partielle metallurgische Umsetzungen zwischen den Bestandteilen der Füllung stattfinden (Tagungsband "2nd Int. Conf. on Surface Engineering, England, 1987, paper 22).However, it is necessary either to atomize the powders used to fill the hollow wires so that there is a uniform burn-off with the atmospheric oxygen along the flight path of the spray particles and / or to fill the hollow wires with metallic and non-metallic hard materials, since during the short flight times the spray particles during arc spraying of approx. 1 - 10 ms (conference proceedings "2nd Int. Conf. On Surface Engineering", England, 1987, paper 39), in contrast to cored wire welding, for example, where conditions close to equilibrium prevail, there are only minor partial metallurgical conversions between the components of the filling (conference proceedings "2nd Int.Conf. On Surface Engineering, England, 1987, paper 22).
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, Hartstoffe bei den während des Lichtbogenspritzens zur Verfügung stehenden kurzen Reaktionszeiten (vom Abschmelzpunkt bis zum Auftreffen der Partikel auf dem Substrat) herzustellen.The invention has for its object to produce hard materials with the short reaction times available during arc spraying (from the melting point until the particles hit the substrate).
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsmäßig dadurch gelöst, daß das für die Füllung der Hohldrähte verwendete Pulver durch Sprühtrocknung oder Agglomeration von pulverför migen metallischen und/oder nichtmetallischen Ausgangsstoffen unter Verwendung organischer oder anorganischer Bindemittel hergestellt ist, so daß sich auf dem Flugweg der Spritzteilchen - vom Abschmelzpunkt bis zur Substratoberfläche - hohe Anteile von Hartstoffen bilden können. Hierdurch wird der Abstand (Reaktionsweg) zwischen den pulverförmigen Ausgangsstoffen (Reaktionspartnern) im Vergleich zu einer losen Pulvermischung wesentlich reduziert und die Reaktionsausbeute gesteigert.
Um zusätzlich die Temperatur der Spritzteilchen zu erhöhen und damit die für die Reaktion nötige Energie bereitzustellen, besteht ein Teil der pulverförmigen Ausgangsstoffe aus exotherm reagierenden Metallen wie Al, Ni, Ti, Cr, Mo, V, Zr, Ta. Ein anderer Teil des Ausgangspulvers besteht aus metallischen und nichtmetallischen Hartstoffen wie Cr₃C₂, SiC, TiB₂, CrB₂, B₄C, TiC, VC, TiN, Si₃N₄, WC, die während des Teilchenfluges zu anderen Hartstoffen umgesetzt werden.
Um die durch exotherme Reaktion zur Verfügung stehende Energie weiter zu erhöhen, kann ferner ein Teil der pulverförmigen Ausgangsstoffe aus mit den Metallen Al, Ni, Ti, Cr, Mo, V, Zr, Ta stark exotherm reagierenden Oxiden wie Cr₂O₃, ZrO₂, TiO₂, CoO, Al₂O₃ und CeO₂ bestehen.This object is achieved according to the invention in that the powder used for filling the hollow wires by spray drying or agglomeration of powder Migen metallic and / or non-metallic starting materials is produced using organic or inorganic binders, so that high proportions of hard materials can form on the flight path of the spray particles - from the melting point to the substrate surface. As a result, the distance (reaction path) between the powdery starting materials (reaction partners) is significantly reduced compared to a loose powder mixture and the reaction yield is increased.
In order to additionally increase the temperature of the spray particles and thus provide the energy required for the reaction, some of the powdery starting materials consist of exothermic metals such as Al, Ni, Ti, Cr, Mo, V, Zr, Ta. Another part of the starting powder consists of metallic and non-metallic hard materials such as Cr₃C₂, SiC, TiB₂, CrB₂, B₄C, TiC, VC, TiN, Si₃N₄, WC, which are converted to other hard materials during the particle flight.
In order to further increase the energy available through the exothermic reaction, some of the powdery starting materials can be made from oxides which react strongly exothermically with the metals Al, Ni, Ti, Cr, Mo, V, Zr, Ta, such as Cr₂O₃, ZrO₂, TiO₂, CoO, Al₂O₃ and CeO₂ exist.
Aufgrund der engen Bindung der pulverförmigen Ausgangsstoffe durch Sprühtrocknen bzw. Agglomeration, wird der Reaktionsweg minimiert und gleichzeitig durch den Einsatz von miteinander exotherm reagierenden Ausgangspulvern die für eine metallurgische Umsetzung zur Verfügung stehende Energie zum Herstellen von Hartstoffen signifikant erhöht. Daher kann auch ein Teil des Pulvers aus reaktionsträgen pulverförmigen Vorlegierungen auf Eisen- und Nichteisenbasis wie FeCr, FeCrC, FeMo, CoB, MoNi, FeMn, FeW, FeNb, NiB, FeB, NbCr und/oder Kohlenstoff zusammengesetzt sein.Because the powdery starting materials are tightly bound by spray drying or agglomeration, the reaction path is minimized and, at the same time, the use of exothermic starting powders significantly increases the energy available for metallurgical conversion for the production of hard materials. Therefore, part of the powder can also be composed of inert powder-like master alloys based on iron and non-iron such as FeCr, FeCrC, FeMo, CoB, MoNi, FeMn, FeW, FeNb, NiB, FeB, NbCr and / or carbon.
Die mit der Erfindung erzielten Vorteile bestehen insbesondere darin, daß ausgehend von kostengünstigem Ausgangspulver in kurzen Zeiten Hartstoffe hergestellt werden können.
Hierdurch ist es bei Verwendung dieser durch Sprühtrokknung bzw. Agglomeration hergestellten Pulver zur Füllung von Hohldrähten zum Lichtbogenspritzen beispielsweise möglich, verschleißbeständige Schichten mit hohen Hartstoffanteilen zu erzeugen.
Zudem wird infolge intensiver Reaktionen zwischen dem jeweiligen Fülldrahtmantel und der Pulverfüllung eine bessere Einbindung der Hartstoffe in die Schichten erreicht. Ferner sind die auf diesem Wege erzeugten Schichten im Vergleich zu üblichen Schichten homogener und selbsthaftend. Das Spritzen von teuren Haftgrundschichten ist daher nicht erforderlich.The advantages achieved by the invention are, in particular, that hard materials can be produced in a short time, starting from inexpensive starting powder.
This makes it possible, for example, when using these powders produced by spray drying or agglomeration to fill hollow wires for arc spraying, to produce wear-resistant layers with a high proportion of hard material.
In addition, as a result of intensive reactions between the respective cored wire sheath and the powder filling, better integration of the hard materials into the layers is achieved. Furthermore, the layers produced in this way are more homogeneous and self-adhesive than conventional layers. The spraying of expensive primer layers is therefore not necessary.
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt und wird im folgenden näher beschrieben.An embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawing and will be described in more detail below.
Es zeigt Fig. 1 beispielhaft die Draufsicht eines einfachen für die Füllung von Hohldrähten zum Lichtbogenspritzen zusammengesetzten durch Sprühtrocknung bzw. Agglomeration hergestellten Pulvers.1 shows, by way of example, the top view of a simple powder which is composed for the filling of hollow wires for arc spraying and is produced by spray drying or agglomeration.
Die mit einem Alkohol verbundenen Chrom- und Siliziumkarbidteilchen sind oberflächlich mit Aluminium- und Nickelteilchen belegt.
Infolge der hohen Abschmelztemperatur beim Lichtbogenspritzen und der aus der Verklebung resultierenden kurzen Reaktionswege, reagieren an den Grenzflächen die Chrom- und Siliziumkarbidteilchen entsprechend der folgenden Gleichung:
1) aCr + bSiC → cSiC + dCrxCy + eSi
zu Chromkarbid.
Infolge des starken exothermen Charakters, der parallel hierzu ablaufenden Reaktion zwischen Nickel 1 und Aluminium 2:
2) Ni + Al → NiAl
wird die Temperatur der Spritzteilchen erhöht und der Abkühlung der Partikel auf dem Flugweg durch Strahlung und Konvektion entgegengewirkt, d. h., der Ablauf der Reaktion 1) wird beschleunigt und unterstützt.The chrome and silicon carbide particles associated with an alcohol are superficially coated with aluminum and nickel particles.
Due to the high melting temperature during arc spraying and the short reaction paths resulting from the bonding, the chromium and silicon carbide particles react at the interfaces according to the following equation:
1) aCr + bSiC → cSiC + dCr x C y + eSi
to chrome carbide.
Due to the strong exothermic character and the parallel reaction between
2) Ni + Al → NiAl
the temperature of the spray particles is increased and the cooling of the particles on the flight path is counteracted by radiation and convection, ie the course of the reaction 1) is accelerated and supported.
Zudem wird durch die Reaktion des Aluminiums mit überschüssigem Silizium aus Reaktion 1) ein verschleiß- und korrosionsbeständiger Matrixanteil aus AlSi entsprechend der folgenden Reaktion:
3) Al + Si → AlSi
erzeugt.In addition, the reaction of aluminum with excess silicon from reaction 1) results in a wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant matrix component made of AlSi in accordance with the following reaction:
3) Al + Si → AlSi
generated.
Fig. 2 zeigt in Draufsicht ein weiteres Beispiel eines einfachen für die Füllung von Hohldrähten zum Lichtbogenspritzen zusammengesetzten durch Sprühtrocknung bzw. Agglomeration hergestellten Pulvers.2 shows a plan view of a further example of a simple powder which is composed for the filling of hollow wires for arc spraying and is produced by spray drying or agglomeration.
Die mit einem Alkohol verbundenen großen Titan- und Graphitteilchen sind oberflächlich mit kleinen Aluminium- und Titanteilchen belegt.
Auf dem Flugweg der Spritzteilchen reagieren an den Grenzflächen die Titan- und Graphitteilchen entsprechend folgender Reaktion:
4) aTi + bC → cTiC
zu Titankarbid.
Aufgrund der exothermen Reaktion zwischen den verbliebenen Titan- und Aluminiumteilchen 3:
5) aTi + bAl → cTiAly
wird die Umsetzung von Titan und Graphit zu Titankarbid entsprechend Gleichung 4) unterstützt.
Es zeigt Fig. 3 in Draufsicht ein weiteres Beispiel eines einfachen für die Füllung von Hohldrähten zum Lichtbogenspritzen zusammengesetzten durch Sprühtrokknung bzw. Agglomeration hergestellten Pulverteilchens.The large titanium and graphite particles associated with an alcohol are superficially coated with small aluminum and titanium particles.
On the flight path of the spray particles, the titanium and graphite particles react at the interfaces according to the following reaction:
4) aTi + bC → cTiC
to titanium carbide.
Due to the exothermic reaction between the remaining titanium and aluminum particles 3:
5) aTi + bAl → cTiAl y
the conversion of titanium and graphite to titanium carbide is supported according to equation 4).
FIG. 3 shows a top view of another example of a simple powder particle which is composed for filling hollow wires for arc spraying and is produced by spray drying or agglomeration.
Die mit Wasserglas verbundenen Ferrochrom- und Graphitteilchen sind oberflächlich mit Aluminium- und Chromoxidteilchen belegt. Während des Teilchenfluges reagieren zunächst die Ferrochrom- mit den Graphitteilchen entsprechend folgender Reaktion:
6) aFeCr + bC → cCrxCy + dFe
zu Chromkarbid.
Infolge der exothermen Reaktion zwischen Aluminium 4 und Chromoxid 5:
7) aAl + bCr₂O₃ → cAl₂O₃ + dCr
wird in gleicher Weise wie beim ersten Beispiel die Reaktion 6) forciert.The ferrochrome and graphite particles associated with water glass are coated on the surface with aluminum and chromium oxide particles. During particle flight, the ferrochrome particles react with the graphite particles according to the following reaction:
6) aFeCr + bC → cCr x C y + dFe
to chrome carbide.
As a result of the exothermic reaction between
7) aAl + bCr₂O₃ → cAl₂O₃ + dCr
reaction 6) is forced in the same way as in the first example.
Claims (4)
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Pulver durch Sprühtrocknung oder Agglomeration von pulverförmigen metallischen und/oder nichtmetallischen Ausgangsstoffen unter Verwendung organischer oder anorganischer Bindemittel hergestellt ist, so daß sich auf dem Flugweg der Spritzteilchen vom Abschmelzpunkt bis zur Substratoberfläche hohe Anteile von Hartstoffen bilden können.1. powder for producing hard materials with short reaction times, in particular the filling of hollow wires for arc spraying,
characterized in that the powder is produced by spray drying or agglomeration of powdered metallic and / or non-metallic starting materials using organic or inorganic binders, so that high proportions of hard materials can form on the flight path of the spray particles from the melting point to the substrate surface.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Teil der pulverförmigen Ausgangsstoffe aus exotherm reagierenden Metallen wie Al, Ni, Ti, Cr, Mo, V, Zr, Ta und ein anderer Teil des Ausgangspulvers aus metallischen und nichtmetallischen Hartstoffen wie Cr₃C₂, WC, SiC, TiB₂, CrB₂, B₄C, TiC, VC, TiN, Si₃N₄ besteht.2. Powder according to claim 1,
characterized in that some of the powdery starting materials from exothermic metals such as Al, Ni, Ti, Cr, Mo, V, Zr, Ta and another part of the starting powder from metallic and non-metallic hard materials such as Cr₃C₂, WC, SiC, TiB₂, CrB₂ , B₄C, TiC, VC, TiN, Si₃N₄.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Teil der pulverförmigen Ausgangsstoffe Metalle wie Al, Ni, Ti, Cr, Mo, V, Zr, Ta und hiermit exotherm reagierende Oxide wie Cr₂O₃, ZrO₂, TiO₂, CoO, Al₂O₃, CeO₂ sind.3. Powder according to claim 1-2,
characterized in that some of the powdered starting materials are metals such as Al, Ni, Ti, Cr, Mo, V, Zr, Ta and oxides reacting therewith exothermically such as Cr₂O₃, ZrO₂, TiO₂, CoO, Al₂O₃, CeO₂.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Teil der pulverförmigen Ausgangsstoffe aus Vorlegierungen auf Eisen- und Nichteisenbasis wie FeCr, FeCrC, FeMo, MoNi, FeMn, FeW, CoB, FeNb, FeB, NbCr, NiB und/oder Kohlenstoff besteht.4. Powder according to claim 1-3,
characterized in that some of the powdered starting materials consist of master alloys based on iron and non-ferrous such as FeCr, FeCrC, FeMo, MoNi, FeMn, FeW, CoB, FeNb, FeB, NbCr, NiB and / or carbon.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19873730753 DE3730753A1 (en) | 1987-09-12 | 1987-09-12 | POWDER FOR PRODUCING HARD MATERIALS WITH SHORT REACTION HOURS, ESPECIALLY FOR FILLING HOLLOW WIRE FOR ARC SPRAYING |
| DE3730753 | 1987-09-12 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0307556A2 true EP0307556A2 (en) | 1989-03-22 |
| EP0307556A3 EP0307556A3 (en) | 1990-07-11 |
Family
ID=6335922
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP88109969A Ceased EP0307556A3 (en) | 1987-09-12 | 1988-06-23 | Powder for preparing hard materials in short reaction periods, especially for filling hollow wires for electric arc metallizing |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5019454A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0307556A3 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3730753A1 (en) |
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| US5242639A (en) * | 1989-07-25 | 1993-09-07 | Glaverbel | Ceramic welding process |
| US5294462A (en) * | 1990-11-08 | 1994-03-15 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Electric arc spray coating with cored wire |
| WO1993014044A1 (en) * | 1992-01-16 | 1993-07-22 | University Of Cincinnati | Electrical heating element, related composites, and composition and method for producing such products using dieless micropyretic synthesis |
| US5310476A (en) | 1992-04-01 | 1994-05-10 | Moltech Invent S.A. | Application of refractory protective coatings, particularly on the surface of electrolytic cell components |
| US5651874A (en) | 1993-05-28 | 1997-07-29 | Moltech Invent S.A. | Method for production of aluminum utilizing protected carbon-containing components |
| US6001236A (en) | 1992-04-01 | 1999-12-14 | Moltech Invent S.A. | Application of refractory borides to protect carbon-containing components of aluminium production cells |
| US5560846A (en) * | 1993-03-08 | 1996-10-01 | Micropyretics Heaters International | Robust ceramic and metal-ceramic radiant heater designs for thin heating elements and method for production |
| US5449886A (en) * | 1993-03-09 | 1995-09-12 | University Of Cincinnati | Electric heating element assembly |
| WO1995031416A1 (en) * | 1994-05-13 | 1995-11-23 | Micropyretics Heaters International | Sinter-homogenized heating products |
| EP1146146B1 (en) | 1994-09-08 | 2003-10-29 | MOLTECH Invent S.A. | Horizontal drained cathode surface with recessed grooves for aluminium electrowinning |
| US5753163A (en) | 1995-08-28 | 1998-05-19 | Moltech. Invent S.A. | Production of bodies of refractory borides |
| FR2807071B1 (en) * | 2000-03-28 | 2002-11-15 | Dja Dodane Jean Et Associes | CERAMO-METALLIC ANTI-ADHESIVE COATING FOR CULINARY UTENSILS |
| US20080093350A1 (en) * | 2006-10-18 | 2008-04-24 | Inframat Corporation | Superfine/nanostructured cored wires for thermal spray applications and methods of making |
| CN102794354A (en) * | 2011-05-26 | 2012-11-28 | 昆山市瑞捷精密模具有限公司 | Nickel-based superalloy stamping die with high-temperature-resistant coating |
| CN102327962A (en) * | 2011-06-16 | 2012-01-25 | 昆山市瑞捷精密模具有限公司 | Method for manufacturing zinc alloy mould with hard mask structure |
| DE102012019802B4 (en) | 2012-10-10 | 2023-07-27 | Mercedes-Benz Group AG | Process for the production of a casting |
| CN102994935B (en) * | 2012-11-16 | 2014-07-16 | 北京球冠科技有限公司 | Electric arc spraying powder core wire with high-temperature resistance and chlorine corrosion resistance |
| CA2968033C (en) * | 2015-03-13 | 2018-11-06 | Komatsu Ltd. | Cylinder rod |
| CN106521392B (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2018-12-11 | 广西大学 | A kind of high bond strength electric arc spraying powder cored filament material and preparation method thereof |
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| EP0051869A1 (en) * | 1980-11-08 | 1982-05-19 | Metallisation Limited | Improvements relating to methods of spraying metallic coatings and apparatus for use in the spraying of metallic coatings |
| EP0118307A2 (en) * | 1983-03-04 | 1984-09-12 | Telatek Oy | Filler wire for use in arc-spraying |
| EP0156760A2 (en) * | 1984-03-12 | 1985-10-02 | MANNESMANN Aktiengesellschaft | Process and apparatus for the manufacturing of hot-working tools |
| GB2179369A (en) * | 1985-08-06 | 1987-03-04 | Secretary Trade Ind Brit | Sintered aluminium alloy |
| WO1989005870A1 (en) * | 1987-12-14 | 1989-06-29 | Osprey Metals Limited | Spray deposition |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1159823A (en) * | 1965-08-06 | 1969-07-30 | Montedison Spa | Protective Coatings |
| US3881911A (en) * | 1973-11-01 | 1975-05-06 | Gte Sylvania Inc | Free flowing, sintered, refractory agglomerates |
| US3973948A (en) * | 1973-11-12 | 1976-08-10 | Gte Sylvania Incorporated | Free flowing powder and process for producing it |
| US3974245A (en) * | 1973-12-17 | 1976-08-10 | Gte Sylvania Incorporated | Process for producing free flowing powder and product |
| US4395279A (en) * | 1981-11-27 | 1983-07-26 | Gte Products Corporation | Plasma spray powder |
| US4724121A (en) * | 1985-04-25 | 1988-02-09 | Aluminum Company Of America | Powder treatment process |
| US4716019A (en) * | 1987-06-04 | 1987-12-29 | Gte Products Corporation | Process for producing composite agglomerates of molybdenum and molybdenum carbide |
-
1987
- 1987-09-12 DE DE19873730753 patent/DE3730753A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1988
- 1988-06-23 EP EP88109969A patent/EP0307556A3/en not_active Ceased
- 1988-07-20 US US07/233,100 patent/US5019454A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1412272A (en) * | 1963-10-23 | 1965-09-24 | Deloro Stellite Ltd | Process for applying surface coatings of alloys to metals |
| FR2012909A1 (en) * | 1968-07-12 | 1970-03-27 | Johnson Matthey Co Ltd | |
| DE2002472A1 (en) * | 1970-01-21 | 1971-07-29 | Afam Arbeitsgruppe Fuer Angewa | Tubular wire plasma arc spraying device |
| FR2125649A5 (en) * | 1971-02-15 | 1972-09-29 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Flame spraying ribbon - with a powder mineral and organic binder core and organic sheath |
| FR2397253A1 (en) * | 1977-07-13 | 1979-02-09 | Castolin Sa | PROCESS FOR PREPARING A PULVERULENT MATERIAL ALLOWING TO FORM A PROTECTIVE COATING ON A SUBSTRATE BY SPRAYING AT HIGH TEMPERATURE OF THIS MATERIAL ON THE SURFACE OF THIS SUBSTRATE |
| EP0051869A1 (en) * | 1980-11-08 | 1982-05-19 | Metallisation Limited | Improvements relating to methods of spraying metallic coatings and apparatus for use in the spraying of metallic coatings |
| EP0118307A2 (en) * | 1983-03-04 | 1984-09-12 | Telatek Oy | Filler wire for use in arc-spraying |
| EP0156760A2 (en) * | 1984-03-12 | 1985-10-02 | MANNESMANN Aktiengesellschaft | Process and apparatus for the manufacturing of hot-working tools |
| GB2179369A (en) * | 1985-08-06 | 1987-03-04 | Secretary Trade Ind Brit | Sintered aluminium alloy |
| WO1989005870A1 (en) * | 1987-12-14 | 1989-06-29 | Osprey Metals Limited | Spray deposition |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0307556A3 (en) | 1990-07-11 |
| US5019454A (en) | 1991-05-28 |
| DE3730753A1 (en) | 1989-03-23 |
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