EP0307306B1 - Process and device for treating solid organic wastes contaminated by tritium - Google Patents
Process and device for treating solid organic wastes contaminated by tritium Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0307306B1 EP0307306B1 EP88402247A EP88402247A EP0307306B1 EP 0307306 B1 EP0307306 B1 EP 0307306B1 EP 88402247 A EP88402247 A EP 88402247A EP 88402247 A EP88402247 A EP 88402247A EP 0307306 B1 EP0307306 B1 EP 0307306B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- waste
- tritium
- steam
- temperature
- water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-NJFSPNSNSA-N Tritium Chemical compound [3H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 title claims description 35
- 229910052722 tritium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 title claims description 13
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-PWCQTSIFSA-N Tritiated water Chemical compound [3H]O[3H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-PWCQTSIFSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005202 decontamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003588 decontaminative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000155 isotopic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010808 liquid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006163 transport media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/28—Treating solids
- G21F9/30—Processing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S422/00—Chemical apparatus and process disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing
- Y10S422/903—Radioactive material apparatus
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for treating solid organic waste contaminated with tritium.
- the present invention specifically relates to a process for treating solid organic waste contaminated with tritium which makes it easy to achieve this objective.
- the method according to the invention for treating solid organic waste contaminated with tritium consists in bringing said waste into contact with water vapor at a temperature T and a pressure P at most equal to the vapor pressure p s of water at temperature T to extract from the water vapor at least part of the tritium present in the waste, and then to condense the water vapor to recover the tritium from the waste in the form of tritiated water.
- water vapor is used at a temperature T and a pressure P equal to the vapor pressure p s of the water at the temperature T.
- dry steam is used at a temperature T and a pressure P lower than the vapor pressure p s of water at temperature T.
- the tritium present in solid waste is generally in the form of free tritiated water as a result of a spontaneous reaction of tritium with the oxygen in the air, the activation energy of the reaction. being brought by ⁇ radiation tritium.
- tritium is easily transformed into tritiated water.
- this free tritiated water is extracted by bringing the waste into contact with steam, which makes it possible to carry out a drying of the waste and to recover the tritium in the form of easy-to-store tritiated water.
- the waste is brought into contact with the water vapor under a pressure below atmospheric pressure in order to have more suitable treatment conditions, at low temperatures.
- the temperature of the water vapor T must be lower than the degradation, melting or decomposition temperature of the treated solid waste.
- FR-A- 2 279 205 discloses a treatment enclosure in which a gaseous transport medium can be circulated, possibly containing more water vapor which is then condensed, but this enclosure is intended for 'evaporation of liquid waste while the drying chamber of the invention is intended for the treatment of solid waste contaminated with tritium.
- the installation comprises a drying enclosure 1 for solid waste into which is introduced by a pipe 3 provided with orifices 5 steam coming from a steam generator 7.
- the steam leaves the drying enclosure via line 9 fitted with a valve 10 and it is condensed in a condenser in two successive stages 11 and 13. It can then be stored in the form of tritiated water in tank 15.
- the drying chamber 1 is provided with an open grid 17 on which the waste to be treated can be placed.
- This grid 17 is itself located above the duct 5 provided with the steam outlet orifices 3.
- the enclosure 1 is insulated and it includes heating means 19 which make it possible to maintain it at the desired temperature, that is to say at the temperature T.
- the steam generator 7 consists of a heat-insulated enclosure provided at its lower part with heating means 21 to bring the water 23 it contains to temperature T.
- a pipe 25 connects the steam space of the generator 7 to the pipe 3 for introducing waste into the enclosure 1 and is provided with an adjustment valve 27 making it possible to bring the pressure of the steam to the desired value, that is to say at a value generally lower than the vapor pressure p s of the water 23 contained in the steam generator 7.
- the two-stage condenser comprises a first stage 11 cooled by water at 15 ° C and a second stage 13 cooled by liquid nitrogen.
- the waste to be treated is first placed on the perforated grid 17 of the drying enclosure 1, then the pressure throughout the installation is brought to a value below atmospheric pressure using a group of non-vacuum pumps. shown in the drawing.
- the water from the steam generator 7 is then brought to the desired temperature T and the temperature of the drying chamber 1 is adjusted to the same temperature T.
- the valve 27 is then opened by adjusting it so as to lower the pressure P of the steam introduced into the drying chamber 1 at a value lower than the vapor pressure p s of the water 23 of the steam generator 7.
- the valve 10 of the pipe 9 is also opened and the water vapor in the drying chamber 1 for the time required to extract the tritium from the waste.
- the vapor is condensed successively in the condensers 11 and 13 then stored in tank 15.
- the waste is introduced into enclosure 1 which has a volume of 2 m3.
- the water from the steam generator 7 is then brought to a temperature of 60 ° C. and the temperature of the enclosure 1 is also adjusted to 60 ° C.
- the pressure P of the vapor introduced into the enclosure 1 is 20 kPa (200 mbar).
- 25 kg of waste containing less than 2 ⁇ Ci / g of tritium are obtained, the activity of the water leaving the condensers is 5 Ci / l.
- the second mode of implementation of the method of the invention is used, that is to say the steam drying of the waste, to extract waste similar to that of Example 1 for the most part. of the tritium they contain.
- drying with unsaturated steam is more suitable since there is good heat conduction and good self-diffusion of the tritiated water in the water.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Description
La présente invention a pour objet un procédé de traitement de déchets organiques solides contaminés par du tritium.The present invention relates to a method for treating solid organic waste contaminated with tritium.
De façon plus précise, elle concerne un procédé de traitement permettant de diminuer l'activité en tritium des déchets jusqu'à des valeurs inférieures à 10 Ci/t.More specifically, it relates to a treatment method making it possible to reduce the tritium activity of the waste to values below 10 Ci / t.
Dans les installations de traitement de gaz tritiés et d'eaux tritiées, on produit des quantités importantes de déchets organiques contaminés par du tritium, par exemple des panneaux de boîtes à gants, des gants, des matériaux en vinyle, en coton etc. Généralement, la teneur en tritium de ces déchets atteint quelques centaines de curies par tonne, et génère un dégazage de tritium compliquant de façon importante la gestion de ces déchets.In tritiated gas and tritiated water treatment plants, large quantities of organic waste contaminated with tritium are produced, for example glove box panels, gloves, vinyl, cotton materials, etc. Generally, the tritium content of this waste reaches a few hundred curies per ton, and generates a degassing of tritium significantly complicating the management of this waste.
Aussi, on recherche des procédés permettant de diminuer de façon importante te dégazage de tritium et donc l'activité de ces déchets à des valeurs inférieures à 10 Ci/t, voire 1 Ci/t.Also, we are looking for methods to significantly reduce the degassing of tritium and therefore the activity of this waste to values below 10 Ci / t, or even 1 Ci / t.
La présente invention a précisément pour objet un procédé de traitement de déchets organiques solides contaminés par du tritium qui permet d'atteindre facilement cet objectif.The present invention specifically relates to a process for treating solid organic waste contaminated with tritium which makes it easy to achieve this objective.
Le procédé selon l'invention de traitement de déchets organiques solides contaminés par du tritium, consiste à mettre lesdits déchets en contact avec de la vapeur d'eau à une température T et une pression P au plus égale à la tension de vapeur ps de l'eau à la température T pour extraire dans la vapeur d' eau au moins une partie du tritium présent dans les déchets, et à condenser ensuite la vapeur d'eau pour récupérer le tritium des déchets sous forme d'eau tritiée.The method according to the invention for treating solid organic waste contaminated with tritium, consists in bringing said waste into contact with water vapor at a temperature T and a pressure P at most equal to the vapor pressure p s of water at temperature T to extract from the water vapor at least part of the tritium present in the waste, and then to condense the water vapor to recover the tritium from the waste in the form of tritiated water.
Selon un premier mode de mise en oeuvre du procédé de l'invention, on utilise de la vapeur d'eau à une température T et une pression P égale à la tension de vapeur ps de l'eau à la température T.According to a first embodiment of the process of the invention, water vapor is used at a temperature T and a pressure P equal to the vapor pressure p s of the water at the temperature T.
Dans ces conditions, on sature les déchets avec de l'eau et l'on obtient une dilution du tritium dans la vapeur d'eau.Under these conditions, the waste is saturated with water and a dilution of the tritium in the water vapor is obtained.
Cependant, lorsqu'on opère dans ces conditions avec des déchets ayant des teneurs différentes en tritium, on atteint un équilibre et il se peut que tes déchets les moins contaminés soient au contraire enrichis en tritium lors de l'opération de mise en contact avec la vapeur d'eau, les déchets les plus contaminés étant en revanche appauvris en tritium.However, when operating under these conditions with wastes having different tritium contents, a balance is reached and it is possible that your least contaminated wastes are on the contrary enriched in tritium during the operation of contacting with the water vapor, the most contaminated waste on the other hand being depleted in tritium.
Aussi, selon un deuxième mode préféré de mise en oeuvre du procédé de l'invention, on utilise de la vapeur sèche à une température T et une pression P inférieure à la tension de vapeur ps de l'eau à la température T.Also, according to a second preferred embodiment of the method of the invention, dry steam is used at a temperature T and a pressure P lower than the vapor pressure p s of water at temperature T.
Dans ces conditions, on sèche les déchets et on extrait de ceux-ci la majeure partie du tritium qu'ils contiennent.Under these conditions, the waste is dried and most of the tritium it contains is extracted from it.
En effet, on a découvert que le tritium présent dans des déchets solides était généralement sous forme d'eau tritiée libre par suite d'une réaction spontanée du tritium avec l'oxygène de l'air, l'énergie d'activation de la réaction étant apportée par le rayonnement β
du tritium. Ainsi, le tritium est transformé facilement en eau tritiée. Dans l'invention, on extrait cette eau tritiée libre par mise en contact des déchets avec de la vapeur d'eau, ce qui permet d'effectuer un séchage des déchets et de récupérer le tritium sous forme d'eau tritiée facile à stocker.Indeed, it has been discovered that the tritium present in solid waste is generally in the form of free tritiated water as a result of a spontaneous reaction of tritium with the oxygen in the air, the activation energy of the reaction. being brought by β radiation
tritium. Thus, tritium is easily transformed into tritiated water. In the invention, this free tritiated water is extracted by bringing the waste into contact with steam, which makes it possible to carry out a drying of the waste and to recover the tritium in the form of easy-to-store tritiated water.
Le procédé de l'invention est ainsi très avantageux, car il peut être mis en oeuvre facilement dans des installations simples.The process of the invention is thus very advantageous, since it can be easily implemented in simple installations.
De préférence, on réalise la mise en contact des déchets avec la vapeur d'eau sous une pression inférieure à la pression atmospherique pour avoir des conditions de traitement plus appropriées, à des températures peu élevées.Preferably, the waste is brought into contact with the water vapor under a pressure below atmospheric pressure in order to have more suitable treatment conditions, at low temperatures.
En effet, dans le procédé de l'invention, la température de la vapeur d'eau T doit être inférieure à la température de dégradation, de fusion ou de décomposition des déchets solides traités.In fact, in the process of the invention, the temperature of the water vapor T must be lower than the degradation, melting or decomposition temperature of the treated solid waste.
Comme il s'agit de déchets organiques, on opère donc généralement à des températures inférieures à 80°C, en utilisant de la vapeur sèche par exemple à une pression de 13,5 à 27 kPa (100 à 200 torrs).As this is organic waste, it is therefore generally carried out at temperatures below 80 ° C., using dry steam for example at a pressure of 13.5 to 27 kPa (100 to 200 torr).
En opérant dans ces conditions, on peut pomper l'eau tritiée libre présente dans les déchets et obtenir des taux de décontamination très satisfaisants.By operating under these conditions, it is possible to pump the free tritiated water present in the waste and obtain very satisfactory decontamination rates.
La présente invention a également pour objet une installation de traitement de déchets organiques solides contaminés par du tritium, qui comprend :
- a) une enceinte de séchage apte à recevoir les déchets solides à traiter,
- b) des moyens de chauffage de l'enceinte de séchage,
- c) des moyens pour mettre en circulation dans l'enceinte de séchage de la vapeur d'eau à une température T et une pression P au plus égale à la tension de vapeur ps de l'eau à la température T,
- d) des moyens pour condenser la vapeur d'eau sortant de l'enceinte de séchage, et
- e) des moyens pour stocker l'eau tritiée ainsi condensée.
- a) a drying enclosure capable of receiving the solid waste to be treated,
- b) means for heating the drying chamber,
- c) means for circulating in the drying chamber steam at a temperature T and a pressure P at most equal to the vapor pressure p s of the water at temperature T,
- d) means for condensing the water vapor leaving the drying chamber, and
- e) means for storing the tritiated water thus condensed.
On connaît par FR-A- 2 279 205 une enceinte de traitement dans laquelle on peut mettre en circulation un milieu de transport gazeux contenant éventuellement de plus de la vapeur d'eau que l'on condense ensuite, mais cette enceinte est destinée à l'évaporation de déchets liquides alors que l'enceinte de séchage de l'invention est destinée au traitement de déchets solides contaminés par du tritium.FR-A- 2 279 205 discloses a treatment enclosure in which a gaseous transport medium can be circulated, possibly containing more water vapor which is then condensed, but this enclosure is intended for 'evaporation of liquid waste while the drying chamber of the invention is intended for the treatment of solid waste contaminated with tritium.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront mieux à la lecture de la description qui suit, donnée bien entendu à titre illustratif et non limitatif, en référence au dessin annexé qui représente de façon schématique une installation de traitement de déchets organiques solides contaminés par du tritium conforme à l'invention.Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear better on reading the description which follows, given of course by way of illustration and not limitation, with reference to the appended drawing which schematically represents an installation for treating contaminated solid organic waste with tritium according to the invention.
Sur cette figure, on voit que l'installation comprend une enceinte de séchage 1 des déchets solides dans laquelle est introduite par une canalisation 3 munie d'orifices 5 de la vapeur provenant d'un générateur de vapeur 7. La vapeur sort de l'enceinte de séchage par la conduite 9 munie d'une vanne 10 et elle est condensée dans un condenseur à deux étages successifs 11 et 13. Elle peut être ensuite stockée sous forme d'eau tritiée dans le réservoir 15.In this figure, it can be seen that the installation comprises a drying enclosure 1 for solid waste into which is introduced by a
L'enceinte de séchage 1 est munie d'une grille ajourée 17 sur laquelle on peut disposer les déchets à traiter. Cette grille 17 est elle-même située au-dessus du conduit 5 muni des orifices 3 de sortie de vapeur. L'enceinte 1 est calorifugée et elle comporte des moyens de chauffage 19 qui permettent de la maintenir à la température voulue, c'est-à-dire à la température T.The drying chamber 1 is provided with an
Le générateur de vapeur 7 est constitué par une enceinte calorifugée munie à sa partie inférieure de moyens de chauffage 21 pour porter à la température T l'eau 23 qu'il contient. Une conduite 25 relie l'espace vapeur du générateur 7 à la conduite 3 d'introduction des déchets dans l'enceinte 1 et elle est munie d'une vanne de réglage 27 permettant d'amener la pression de la vapeur à la valeur voulue, c'est-à-dire à une valeur généralement inférieure à la tension de vapeur ps de l'eau 23 contenue dans le générateur de vapeur 7.The steam generator 7 consists of a heat-insulated enclosure provided at its lower part with heating means 21 to bring the
Le condenseur à deux étages comprend un premier étage 11 refroidi par de l'eau à 15°C et un second étage 13 refroidi par de l'azote liquide.The two-stage condenser comprises a first stage 11 cooled by water at 15 ° C and a
Pour traiter un lot de déchets, on opère de la façon suivante. On dispose tout d'abord sur la grille ajourée 17 de l'enceinte de séchage 1 les déchets à traiter, puis on amène la pression dans toute l'installation à une valeur inférieure à la pression atmosphérique en utilisant un groupe de pompes à vide non représenté sur le dessin. On porte alors l'eau du générateur de vapeur 7 à la température voulue T et l'on règle la température de l'enceinte de séchage 1 à la même température T. On ouvre alors la vanne 27 en la règlant de façon à abaisser la pression P de la vapeur introduite dans l'enceinte de séchage 1 à une valeur inférieure à la tension de vapeur ps de l'eau 23 du générateur de vapeur 7. On ouvre également la vanne 10 de la conduite 9 et on fait circuler la vapeur d'eau dans l'enceinte de séchage 1 pendant la durée voulue pour extraire le tritium des déchets. La vapeur est condensée successivement dans les condenseurs 11 et 13 puis stockée dans le réservoir 15.To treat a batch of waste, we operate as follows. The waste to be treated is first placed on the
Les exemples suivants illustrent les résultats obtenus en mettant en oeuvre le procédé de l'invention.The following examples illustrate the results obtained by implementing the method of the invention.
Dans cet exemple, on traite 25 kg de déchets organiques solides constitués par des gants contenant 1 % d'eau tritiée et ayant une activité en tritium de 100µCi/g, par le premier mode de mise en oeuvre du procédé de l'invention, qui consiste à réaliser la décontamination par dilution isotopique dans de la vapeur d'eau.In this example, 25 kg of solid organic waste are treated, consisting of gloves containing 1% tritiated water and having a tritium activity of 100 μCi / g, by the first embodiment of the process of the invention, which consists in carrying out decontamination by isotopic dilution in water vapor.
Dans ce cas, on introduit les déchets dans l'enceinte 1 qui présente un volume de 2 m³. On porte alors l'eau du générateur de vapeur 7 à une température de 60°C et l'on règle la température de l'enceinte 1 également à 60°C. La pression P de la vapeur introduite dans l'enceinte 1 est de 20 kPa (200 mbars). Après avoir introduit 2 l d'eau dans l'enceinte 1 on obtient 25 kg de déchets contenant moins de 2 µCi/g de tritium, l'activité de l'eau à la sortie des condenseurs est de 5 Ci/l.In this case, the waste is introduced into enclosure 1 which has a volume of 2 m³. The water from the steam generator 7 is then brought to a temperature of 60 ° C. and the temperature of the enclosure 1 is also adjusted to 60 ° C. The pressure P of the vapor introduced into the enclosure 1 is 20 kPa (200 mbar). After having introduced 2 l of water into
Dans cet exemple, on utilise le second mode de mise en oeuvre du procédé de l'invention, c'est-à-dire le séchage à la vapeur des déchets, pour extraire des déchets analogues à ceux de l'exemple 1 la majeure partie du tritium qu'ils contiennent.In this example, the second mode of implementation of the method of the invention is used, that is to say the steam drying of the waste, to extract waste similar to that of Example 1 for the most part. of the tritium they contain.
Dans ce cas, on opère à une température de 60°C sous une pression de 1 kPa (10 mbars) et on fait circuler dans l'enceinte 500 g, soit 0,5 l d'eau, ceci permet de ramener l'activité des 25 kg de déchets à 2 µCi/g et de recueillir à la sortie de l'eau ayant une activité de 20 Ci/l.In this case, one operates at a temperature of 60 ° C. under a pressure of 1 kPa (10 mbar) and one circulates in the enclosure 500 g, that is to say 0.5 l of water, this makes it possible to reduce the
On remarque ainsi que le séchage à la vapeur non saturée est mieux approprié car il y a une bonne conduction de la chaleur et une bonne autodiffusion de l'eau tritiée dans l'eau.It is thus noted that drying with unsaturated steam is more suitable since there is good heat conduction and good self-diffusion of the tritiated water in the water.
Claims (8)
- Press for the treatment of solid organic waste contaminated by tritium consisting of contacting said waste with steam at a temperature T and a pressure P equal to the vapour tension ps of the water at the temperature T in order to saturate the waste with water and dilute the tritium in the steam, followed by the condensing of the steam in order to recover the tritium from the waste in the form of tritiated water.
- Press for the treatment of solid organic waste contaminated by tritium consisting of contacting the waste with dry steam at a temperature T and a pressure P below the vapour tension ps of the water at the temperature T in order to dry the waste and extract from the latter most of the tritium contained therein, followed by the condensing of the steam to recover the tritium from the contaminated waste.
- Process according to any one of the claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the temperature T is below the degradation or melting temperature of the treated solid organic waste.
- Process according to claim 3, characterized in that the temperature T is below 80°C.
- Process according to claim 2, characterized in that the pressure P of the steam is 13.5 to 27 kPa (100 to 200 torrs).
- Process according to any one of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that working takes place under a pressure below atmospheric pressure.
- Installation for the treatment of solid organic waste contaminated by tritium, characterized in that it comprises:a) a drying enclosure (1) able to receive the solid waste to be treated,b) means (19) for heating the drying enclosure,c) means (7, 25, 27) for the circulation in the drying enclosure of the steam at a temperature T and a pressure P at the most equal to the vapour tension ps of the water at temperature T,d) means (11, 13) for condensing the steam leaving the drying enclosure ande) means (15) for storing the thus condensed tritiated water.
- Installation according to claims 7, characterized in that the means for circulating within the drying enclosure the steam at a temperature T and a pressure P comprise a steam generator (7), whose steam space is connected to the drying enclosure by a pipe (25) provided with a pressure regulating valve (27), said pipe issuing into the drying enclosure under a grid (17) supporting the waste to be treated.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8712510 | 1987-09-09 | ||
| FR8712510A FR2620262B1 (en) | 1987-09-09 | 1987-09-09 | PROCESS AND PLANT FOR THE TREATMENT OF SOLID ORGANIC WASTE CONTAMINATED WITH TRITIUM |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0307306A1 EP0307306A1 (en) | 1989-03-15 |
| EP0307306B1 true EP0307306B1 (en) | 1992-12-02 |
Family
ID=9354749
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP88402247A Expired - Lifetime EP0307306B1 (en) | 1987-09-09 | 1988-09-07 | Process and device for treating solid organic wastes contaminated by tritium |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4882093A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0307306B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2807237B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1333324C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3876345T2 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2620262B1 (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3930420C1 (en) * | 1989-09-12 | 1990-11-22 | Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Vertreten Durch Den Bundesminister Der Verteidigung, Dieser Vertreten Durch Den Praesidenten Des Bundesamtes Fuer Wehrtechnik Und Beschaffung, 5400 Koblenz, De | Radioactive waste tritium sepn. - by flushing in gas flow with oxygen, heating and passing tritium through water |
| GB9005707D0 (en) * | 1990-03-14 | 1990-05-09 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | Tritium removal |
| DE4029222C1 (en) * | 1990-09-14 | 1991-08-22 | Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Vertreten Durch Den Bundesminister Der Verteidigung, Dieser Vertreten Durch Den Praesidenten Des Bundesamtes Fuer Wehrtechnik Und Beschaffung, 5400 Koblenz, De | Economical and efficient tritium sepn. - involves passing gas to molten electrodes to ionise molecules, wash tower for absorption and condensate prodn. |
| US5707592A (en) * | 1991-07-18 | 1998-01-13 | Someus; Edward | Method and apparatus for treatment of waste materials including nuclear contaminated materials |
| FR2777090B1 (en) * | 1998-04-07 | 2000-05-05 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | METHOD OF MEASURING THE TRITIUM ACTIVITY OF A RADIOACTIVE WASTE DRUM |
| DE19944776C2 (en) * | 1999-09-17 | 2003-06-18 | Karlsruhe Forschzent | Process for tritium decontamination of the first wall of a nuclear fusion device |
| KR100956694B1 (en) * | 2008-01-15 | 2010-05-10 | 세안기술 주식회사 | Facility and method for removing radioactive material in the used active carbon |
| JP5717348B2 (en) * | 2010-02-02 | 2015-05-13 | 国立大学法人富山大学 | Tritium contaminant decontamination method and system |
| IT1401192B1 (en) * | 2010-06-16 | 2013-07-12 | Enea Agenzia Naz Per Le Nuove Tecnologie L En E Lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile | MEMBRANE REACTOR FOR THE TREATMENT OF GAS CONTAINING TRIZIO |
| IT1400531B1 (en) * | 2010-06-22 | 2013-06-11 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | PROCESS FOR THE DETRIFICATION OF SOFT HOUSEKEEPING WASTE AND RELATIVE PLANT |
| US8597471B2 (en) | 2010-08-19 | 2013-12-03 | Industrial Idea Partners, Inc. | Heat driven concentrator with alternate condensers |
| CN111524634B (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2024-05-14 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Tritium-containing radioactive solid waste treatment system |
| CN111613360B (en) * | 2019-03-05 | 2022-10-28 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Tritium removing process and device for tritium-containing radioactive solid wet waste |
Family Cites Families (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4178350A (en) * | 1973-08-27 | 1979-12-11 | Engelhard Minerals & Chemicals Corp. | Removal of tritium and tritium-containing compounds from a gaseous stream |
| US4470955A (en) * | 1973-08-27 | 1984-09-11 | Engelhard Corporation | Removal of tritiated species from gas streams comprised thereof |
| US3937649A (en) * | 1973-10-31 | 1976-02-10 | Ridgely John N | Process and system for removing tritium |
| JPS5852199B2 (en) * | 1973-11-02 | 1983-11-21 | 株式会社日立製作所 | How to use trilithium |
| FR2279205A1 (en) * | 1973-12-27 | 1976-02-13 | Magyar Tudomanyos Akademi Izot | Concentration and final storage of radioactive waste - by evaporation below the boiling point and storage in situ |
| AT338388B (en) * | 1975-06-26 | 1977-08-25 | Oesterr Studien Atomenergie | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR TRANSFERRING RADIOACTIVE ION EXCHANGE RESINS INTO A STORAGE FORM |
| DE2711368A1 (en) * | 1977-03-16 | 1978-09-21 | Hoechst Ag | PROCEDURE FOR CONTAINING VOLATILE RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES ARISING FROM THE PROCESSING OF NUCLEAR FUEL |
| DE3011602A1 (en) * | 1980-03-26 | 1981-10-08 | Kernforschungsanlage Jülich GmbH, 5170 Jülich | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE FINAL STORAGE OF TRITIUM, ESPECIALLY TRITIUM WASTE FROM NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS, WITH THE POSSIBILITY OF TRITIUM RECOVERY |
| DE3025494C2 (en) * | 1980-07-04 | 1986-01-16 | Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V., 3400 Göttingen | Process for removing tritium from a gas mixture |
| JPS5927878U (en) * | 1982-08-09 | 1984-02-21 | 高田 津木男 | Sorting device |
| JPS59119297A (en) * | 1982-12-25 | 1984-07-10 | 株式会社東芝 | Radioactive gaseous waste processing device |
| US4619809A (en) * | 1983-03-30 | 1986-10-28 | The Babcock & Wilcox Company | Steam generation and reheat apparatus |
| JPS6022319U (en) * | 1983-07-21 | 1985-02-15 | 同和鉱業株式会社 | Synthetic resin material welder |
| US4657747A (en) * | 1984-10-17 | 1987-04-14 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Recovery of tritium from tritiated molecules |
| FR2583208B1 (en) * | 1985-06-07 | 1992-04-24 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR THE TREATMENT OF NON-ORGANIC SOLID TRITY WASTE |
| JPH0631834B2 (en) * | 1986-02-14 | 1994-04-27 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Flammable gas recombiner |
-
1987
- 1987-09-09 FR FR8712510A patent/FR2620262B1/en not_active Expired
-
1988
- 1988-09-07 DE DE8888402247T patent/DE3876345T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-09-07 EP EP88402247A patent/EP0307306B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-09-08 JP JP63225505A patent/JP2807237B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-09-08 US US07/241,622 patent/US4882093A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-09-08 CA CA000576796A patent/CA1333324C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3876345T2 (en) | 1993-05-27 |
| US4882093A (en) | 1989-11-21 |
| FR2620262B1 (en) | 1989-11-17 |
| EP0307306A1 (en) | 1989-03-15 |
| DE3876345D1 (en) | 1993-01-14 |
| FR2620262A1 (en) | 1989-03-10 |
| JPH0199000A (en) | 1989-04-17 |
| CA1333324C (en) | 1994-12-06 |
| JP2807237B2 (en) | 1998-10-08 |
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