EP0303643B1 - Drive system, in particular for a small vehicle - Google Patents

Drive system, in particular for a small vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0303643B1
EP0303643B1 EP19880901565 EP88901565A EP0303643B1 EP 0303643 B1 EP0303643 B1 EP 0303643B1 EP 19880901565 EP19880901565 EP 19880901565 EP 88901565 A EP88901565 A EP 88901565A EP 0303643 B1 EP0303643 B1 EP 0303643B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drive system
exhaust gas
exhaust
atmosphere
expansion vessel
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EP19880901565
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0303643A1 (en
Inventor
Dirk Graff
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Individual
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B63/00—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices
    • F02B63/02—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices for hand-held tools
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/001—Gas flow channels or gas chambers being at least partly formed in the structural parts of the engine or machine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/18—Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly
    • F01N13/1861—Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly the assembly using parts formed by casting or moulding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2590/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2590/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines
    • F01N2590/06—Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines for hand-held tools or portables devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
    • F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
    • F02B2075/027—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle four

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a drive system, in particular for a small vehicle according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention has for its object to improve a drive system according to the preamble of claim 1 in such a way that the noise emission is reduced without reducing the power yield or deteriorating the weight / performance ratio.
  • the invention is based on the consideration that the noise emission in drive systems with an internal combustion engine essentially arises from the fact that the combustion gases, which are still under considerable pressure, reach the atmosphere as exhaust gas and thereby expand within a very short time.
  • This expansion bang can be reduced if the expansion is not carried out in the atmosphere but in a separate expansion vessel. Since the exhaust gases also cooled down after the expansion, the exhaust gas, which is now reduced in volume, can enter the Exceed atmosphere. There is also a much longer time available for this process than if this were only done during the exhaust gas emission by the piston from the combustion chamber.
  • the expansion vessel can be arranged separately on the engine housing or alternatively can be formed by the crankcase.
  • the latter solution has the advantage that the exhaust gas is supported by the piston from the underside, no additional volume and material is required for the expansion vessel and the heat can be dissipated by conduction on the cylinder and thus on the cooling fins.
  • the exhaust system including the expansion vessel, is designed and dimensioned as a resonance system for the exhaust gas.
  • the resonance system brings about a significant increase in performance at certain speeds.
  • the exhaust gas output of the piston is reduced, since when the exhaust gas is introduced into the crankcase below the piston Builds up pressure that supports the upward movement of the piston.
  • the resonance wave is considerably amplified by the return of the piston.
  • the increase in performance affects both directions of movement.
  • an exhaust gas silencer for a boxer engine of a chainsaw is known, this exhaust gas silencer being designed exclusively for a two-stroke, two-cylinder boxer engine.
  • the flows of the exhaust gases from the respective cylinders are fed through exhaust gas channels to a common diffusion chamber in order to reduce the exhaust noise of the engine.
  • the invention can be applied to any engine, and not only to a two-stroke, two-cylinder boxer engine.
  • this known silencer system also has a permanent connection from the expansion vessel of the engine to the outside atmosphere.
  • an internal combustion engine 10 of the drive system is shown in longitudinal section.
  • the engine comprises an engine housing with a cylinder 12, a cylinder head 14, and a crankcase 26.
  • a piston 18 which is connected to a crank mechanism comprising a connecting rod 22 and a crankshaft 20.
  • a combustion chamber 16 is formed between the piston 18 and the interior of the cylinder 12 and the cylinder head 14.
  • the cylinder head 14 is equipped with valves 24 which are designed as two-way rotary valves.
  • the fuel-air mixture is generated in the carburetor 28, which can be controlled by means of the carburetor linkage 50.
  • the carburetor contains fuel via a supply line 52 and air via an air duct 66.
  • the exhaust gas is finally discharged into the atmosphere 38 via an exhaust duct 64.
  • the design of the drive system according to the invention prevents the exhaust gas from reaching the atmosphere immediately after the exhaust. Instead, an expansion vessel 36 in the form of the crankcase 26 is provided, into which the exhaust gas first arrives and is only then passed on to the atmosphere 38 after relaxation and cooling.
  • FIGS. 1-4 To clarify the mode of operation of the internal combustion engine 10, the operating phases or cycles shown in FIGS. 1-4 are discussed in succession.
  • the rotary valve 24 is in a position which clears a path from the carburetor 28 via an intake pipe 70 into the interior of the cylinder 12. The When the piston 12 is lowered, the negative pressure which arises can thus suck in the fuel / air mixture.
  • the rotary valve 24 is in a position that closes the combustion chamber 16.
  • the piston 18 goes up, the fuel-air mixture located in the cylinder 12 is compressed.
  • connection between the crankcase 26 and the exhaust gas guide 64 is opened by the rotary valve 24 as shown in FIG. 5, so that the exhaust gas from the crankcase 26 can reach the atmosphere 38 via the exhaust gas guide 64.
  • FIG. 7 shows the structural design of the mounting of the two-way rotary valve 24 in the cylinder head 14 as a detail.
  • a sealing cylinder 40 which can be displaced in the direction of the arrow under the influence of the combustion pressure. This results in an effective seal only when it is really needed.
  • the rotary valve 24 can rotate with little play of the sealing cylinder 40, so that its wear and the friction losses of the drive system are reduced overall.
  • FIG. 8 shows a side view of the internal combustion engine 10 and in particular reveals a counter-rotating balancer shaft 44, which serves to eliminate any imbalance.
  • an ignition pulse is delivered with each revolution, so that after ignition of the fuel-air mixture there is always an ignition in the exhaust gas. This does not result in any disadvantages in the combustion, but it is easier with the composition of the modules to carry out the assembly without taking into account the position of the counter-rotating balancing shaft 44 which causes the scanning for the ignition.
  • crankshaft 20, the counter-rotating balancer shaft 44 and the rotary slide valve 24 can be coupled to one another by a gear mechanism which is connected between the shaft ends.
  • the gear ratio of the transmission is to be selected so that the rotary valve 24 rotates at half the speed of the crankshaft 20.
  • the gear unit for the valve drive and the drive of the counter-rotating balancer shaft, the output shafts as well as the linkage and supply lines can be accommodated in a separate side part. Assembly with such side parts is facilitated by guide elements 68. Markings 72 on cross-shaped recesses 60 of the shaft ends 58 serve to make the basic positions of the shafts 20, 44 and the rotary slide valve 24.
  • Fig. 9 illustrates the modular construction possible by the design of the drive system.
  • a part of the internal combustion engine which includes cylinder 12, cylinder head 14, combustion chamber 16, piston 18, crank mechanism 20, 22, valves 24, crankcase 26, carburetor 28 and ignition system 30, forms a power module 46, a side part which, if appropriate, the valve drive the drive the counter-rotating balancer shaft, one or more output shafts 48, a carburetor linkage 50 and supply and disposal lines 52, a supply module 54.
  • a closing plate 56 is provided as a termination on the opposite side.
  • the output shaft 48, a carburetor linkage 50, a fuel line to a fuel system 32 and an exhaust pipe 74 need only be connected once. The connection to the other power modules is then made automatically when plugged together.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

Drive systems equipped with a combustion engine, as used in small vehicles and in tools, emit unpleasantly high levels of noxious substances and noise. According to the invention, noise emission is reduced by an expansion chamber in the exhaust system, which is connected to the combustion chamber via the valves during the expulsion of the exhaust gases and to the atmosphere for at least part of the remaining time. In addition, a small vehicle is described which is fitted with such a drive system which can be taken everywhere with it. For this purpose, the small vehicle is collapsible, its frame comprising a front section and a rear section, which can be folded together through a hinge in a swivelling axis parallel to the small wheels. The swivelling lever can likewise be pivoted and aligned with a swivelling axis parallel to the small wheels on the front section of the frame.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Antriebssystem, insbesondere für ein Kleinstfahrzeug nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a drive system, in particular for a small vehicle according to the preamble of claim 1.

Durch den zunehmenden Bedarf an Einbaumotoren für Kleingeräte, wie Rasenmäher, Heckenscheren, Kettensägen oder Fahrzeugen ergibt sich eine zunehmende Belastung für Mensch und Umwelt bei der Lärm- und Schadstoffemission. Die Ursache hierfür liegt unter anderem im direkten Ausstoß der Schadstoffe, die aus Gründen einer möglichst hohen Leistungsausbeute bei geringem Gewicht bevorzugt ist.The increasing demand for built-in motors for small devices such as lawn mowers, hedge trimmers, chainsaws or vehicles results in an increasing burden on people and the environment in terms of noise and pollutant emissions. The reason for this lies, among other things, in the direct emission of the pollutants, which for the sake of the highest possible power output at a low level Weight is preferred.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Antriebssystem nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 derart zu verbessern, daß die Lärmemission vermindert wird, ohne daß dabei die Leistungsausbeute zurückgeht oder daß Gewicht- Leistungs- Verhältnis verschlechtert wird.The invention has for its object to improve a drive system according to the preamble of claim 1 in such a way that the noise emission is reduced without reducing the power yield or deteriorating the weight / performance ratio.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei einem Antriebssystem nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 durch die im kennzeichnenden Teil angegebenen Merkmale gelöst.This object is achieved in a drive system according to the preamble of claim 1 by the features specified in the characterizing part.

Die Erfindung geht von der Überlegung aus, daß die Geräuschemission bei Antriebssystemen mit einem Verbrennungsmotor im wesentlichen dadurch entsteht, daß die noch unter einem erheblichen Druck stehenden Verbrennungsgase als Abgas in die Atmosphäre gelangen und sich dabei innerhalb sehr kurzer Zeit expandieren. Dieser Expansionsknall kann gemindert werden, indem die Expansion nicht in der Atmosphäre sondern in einem gesonderten Expansionsgefäß durchgeführt wird. Da nach der Expansion auch noch eine Abkühlung der Abgase eingetreten ist, kann das nun im Volumen verminderte Abgas ohne wesentliche Geräuschentwicklung in die Atmosphäre übertreten. Dabei steht für diesen Vorgang auch eine wesentliche längere Zeit zur Verfügung, als wenn dies nur während des Abgasausstoßes durch den Kolben aus dem Verbrennungsraum geschehen würde.The invention is based on the consideration that the noise emission in drive systems with an internal combustion engine essentially arises from the fact that the combustion gases, which are still under considerable pressure, reach the atmosphere as exhaust gas and thereby expand within a very short time. This expansion bang can be reduced if the expansion is not carried out in the atmosphere but in a separate expansion vessel. Since the exhaust gases also cooled down after the expansion, the exhaust gas, which is now reduced in volume, can enter the Exceed atmosphere. There is also a much longer time available for this process than if this were only done during the exhaust gas emission by the piston from the combustion chamber.

Das Expansionsgefäß kann gesondert am Motorgehäuse angeordnet sein oder auch alternativ durch das Kurbelgehäuse gebildet werden.The expansion vessel can be arranged separately on the engine housing or alternatively can be formed by the crankcase.

Die letztere Lösung bietet den Vorteil, daß der Abgasausstoß mit Hilfe des Kolbens von dessen Unterseite her unterstützt wird, kein zusätzliches Volumen und Material für das Expansionsgefäß benötigt wird und die Wärmeabfuhr durch Wärmeleitung auf den Zylinder und damit über die Kühlrippen erfolgen kann.The latter solution has the advantage that the exhaust gas is supported by the piston from the underside, no additional volume and material is required for the expansion vessel and the heat can be dissipated by conduction on the cylinder and thus on the cooling fins.

Eine Weiterbildung sieht vor, daß die Abgasanlage unter Einschluß des Expansionsgefäßes als Resonanzsystem für das Abgas ausgebildet und bemessen ist.A further development provides that the exhaust system, including the expansion vessel, is designed and dimensioned as a resonance system for the exhaust gas.

Durch das Resonenzsystem wird bei bestimmten Drehzahlen eine erhebliche Leistungssteigerung herbeigeführt. Dabei wird gleichzeitig die Abgasausstoßleistung des Kolbens vermindert, da sich beim Einleiten des Abgases in das Kurbelgehäuse unterhalb des Kolbens ein Druck aufbaut, der die nach oben gerichtete Bewegung des Kolbens unterstützt. Durch den Rücklauf des Kolbens wird die Resonanzwelle erheblich verstärkt. Somit wirkt sich die Leistungssteigerung in beiden Bewegungsrichtungen aus.The resonance system brings about a significant increase in performance at certain speeds. At the same time, the exhaust gas output of the piston is reduced, since when the exhaust gas is introduced into the crankcase below the piston Builds up pressure that supports the upward movement of the piston. The resonance wave is considerably amplified by the return of the piston. Thus the increase in performance affects both directions of movement.

Durch die DE-A-3 151 130 ist ein Abgasschalldämpfer für einen Boxermotor einer Kettensäge bekannt, wobei dieser Abgasschalldämpfer ausschließlich auf einen Zweitakt-Zweizylinder-Boxermotor abgestellt ist. Die Strömungen der Abgase aus den jeweiligen Zylindern werden durch Abgaskanäle einer gemeinsamen Diffusionskammer zugeführt, um den Auspufflärm des Motors zu verringern. Im Gegensatz zur Erfindung besteht dabei jedoch ständig eine Verbindung der Diffusionskammer mit der Außenatmosphäre. Abgesehen davon läßt sich die Erfindung bei jedem Motor, und nicht nur ausschließlich bei einem Zweitakt-Zweizylinder-Boxermotor anwenden.From DE-A-3 151 130 an exhaust gas silencer for a boxer engine of a chainsaw is known, this exhaust gas silencer being designed exclusively for a two-stroke, two-cylinder boxer engine. The flows of the exhaust gases from the respective cylinders are fed through exhaust gas channels to a common diffusion chamber in order to reduce the exhaust noise of the engine. In contrast to the invention, however, there is always a connection between the diffusion chamber and the outside atmosphere. Apart from this, the invention can be applied to any engine, and not only to a two-stroke, two-cylinder boxer engine.

Ferner ist durch die US-A-3 590 945 eine Schalldämpferanlage für einen Motor bekannt, bei der das Prinzip angewendet wird, die Abgase des Motors zu kühlen, um eine Verminderung des Auspufflärms zu erreichen. Für die Abkühlung der Abgase sind besondere Kühlrippen vorgesehen.Furthermore, from US-A-3 590 945 a silencer system for an engine is known, in which the principle is applied to cool the exhaust gases of the engine in order to achieve a reduction in exhaust noise. Special cooling fins are provided for cooling the exhaust gases.

Infolge der Abkühlung der Abgase vermindert sich der Druck und damit auch die Schallemission. Allerdings ist auch bei dieser bekannten Schalldämpferanlage eine ständige Verbindung vom Expansionsgefäß des Motors zur Außenatmosphäre vorhanden.As a result of the cooling of the exhaust gases, the pressure and thus the noise emission decrease. However, this known silencer system also has a permanent connection from the expansion vessel of the engine to the outside atmosphere.

Weiterbildungen und vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der Beschreibung und der Zeichnung, die Ausführungsbeispiele veranschaulichen. In der Zeichnung zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 - 6 Längsschnitte durch ein Antriebssystem nach der Erfindung in verschiedenen Arbeitsphasen,
  • Fig. 7 als Einzelteil eine Lagerung eines Drehschiebers,
  • Fig. 8 eine Seitenansicht auf ein Antriebssystem nach der Erfindung,
  • Fig. 9 eine Seitenansicht zur Veranschaulichung der Zusammensteckbarkeit von Modulen des Erfindungsgemäßen Antriebssystems,
  • Fig. 10 eine Tabelle zur Veranschaulichung der Ausrichtung der Wellenenden bei Zusammenstecken mehrerer Module, und
  • Fig. 11 ein Wellenende in perspektivischer Darstellung,
Further developments and advantageous embodiments of the invention result from the description and the drawing, which illustrate exemplary embodiments. The drawing shows:
  • 1 - 6 longitudinal sections through a drive system according to the invention in different working phases,
  • 7 as a single part, a bearing of a rotary valve,
  • 8 is a side view of a drive system according to the invention,
  • 9 is a side view to illustrate the pluggability of modules of the drive system according to the invention,
  • 10 is a table illustrating the alignment of the shaft ends when several modules are plugged together, and
  • 11 is a perspective view of a shaft end,

In den Fig. 1 - 6 ist ein Verbrennungsmotor 10 des Antriebssystems im Längsschnitt dargestellt. Der Motor umfaßt ein Motorgehäuse mit einem Zylinder 12, einem Zylinderkopf 14, und einem Kurbelgehäuse 26. In dem Zylinder 12 befindet sich ein Kolben 18, der mit einem Kurbeltrieb aus einem Pleuel 22 und einer Kurbelwelle 20 verbunden ist. Zwischen dem Kolben 18 und dem Innenraum des Zylinders 12 sowie des Zylinderkopfes 14 wird ein Verbrennungsraum 16 gebildet. Im oberen Bereich ist der Zylinderkopf 14 mit Ventilen 24 ausgestattet, die als Zwei-Wege-Drehschieber ausgebildet sind.1-6, an internal combustion engine 10 of the drive system is shown in longitudinal section. The engine comprises an engine housing with a cylinder 12, a cylinder head 14, and a crankcase 26. In the cylinder 12 there is a piston 18 which is connected to a crank mechanism comprising a connecting rod 22 and a crankshaft 20. A combustion chamber 16 is formed between the piston 18 and the interior of the cylinder 12 and the cylinder head 14. In the upper area, the cylinder head 14 is equipped with valves 24 which are designed as two-way rotary valves.

Weitere Bestandteile des Verbrennungsmotors 10 bilden ein Vergaser 28, eine Zündanlage 30, von der nur die Zündkerzen dargestellt sind, eine hier nicht dargestellte Kraftstoffanlage 32 sowie eine Abgasanlage 34.Further components of the internal combustion engine 10 form a carburetor 28, an ignition system 30, of which only the spark plugs are shown, a fuel system 32 (not shown here) and an exhaust system 34.

Das Kraftstoff-Luft-Gemisch wird im Vergaser 28 erzeugt, der mittels des Vergasergestänges 50 steuerbar ist. Der Vergaser enthält Kraftstoff über eine Versorgungsleitung 52 und Luft über eine Luftführung 66. Das Abgas wird schließlich über eine Abgasführung 64 in die Atmosphäre 38 abgeleitet.The fuel-air mixture is generated in the carburetor 28, which can be controlled by means of the carburetor linkage 50. The carburetor contains fuel via a supply line 52 and air via an air duct 66. The exhaust gas is finally discharged into the atmosphere 38 via an exhaust duct 64.

Die erfindungsgemäße Ausgestaltung des Antriebssystems vermeidet es, daß das Abgas sofort nach dem Ausstoß in die Atmosphäre gelangt. Stattdessen ist hier ein Expansionsgefäß 36 in Gestalt des Kurbelgehäuses 26 vorgesehen, in die das Abgas zunächst gelangt und dann erst später nach Entspannung und Abkühlung in die Atmosphäre 38 weitergegeben wird.The design of the drive system according to the invention prevents the exhaust gas from reaching the atmosphere immediately after the exhaust. Instead, an expansion vessel 36 in the form of the crankcase 26 is provided, into which the exhaust gas first arrives and is only then passed on to the atmosphere 38 after relaxation and cooling.

Zur Verdeutlichung der Arbeitsweise des Verbrennungsmotors 10 werden nacheinander die in den Fig. 1 - 4 dargestellten Betriebsphasen oder Takte besprochen.To clarify the mode of operation of the internal combustion engine 10, the operating phases or cycles shown in FIGS. 1-4 are discussed in succession.

In Fig. 1 befindet sich der Drehschieber 24 in einer Stellung, die einen Weg vom Vergaser 28 über ein Ansaugrohr 70 in den Innenraum des Zylinders 12 freigibt. Der beim Absenken des Kolbens 12 entstehende Unterdruck kann somit Kraftstoff-Luft-Gemisch einsaugen.In Fig. 1, the rotary valve 24 is in a position which clears a path from the carburetor 28 via an intake pipe 70 into the interior of the cylinder 12. The When the piston 12 is lowered, the negative pressure which arises can thus suck in the fuel / air mixture.

In Fig. 2 befindet sich der Drehschieber 24 in einer Stellung, die den Verbrennungsraum 16 abschließt. Beim Aufwärtsgehen des Kolbens 18 wird das im Zylinder 12 befindliche Kraftstoff-Luft-Gemisch verdichtet.In Fig. 2, the rotary valve 24 is in a position that closes the combustion chamber 16. When the piston 18 goes up, the fuel-air mixture located in the cylinder 12 is compressed.

In Fig. 3 erfolgt die Zündung des verdichteten Kraftstoff-Luft-Gemisches, und zwar etwa in dem Moment, in dem der Kolben 18 seinen oberen Todpunkt erreicht. Der genaue Zündzeitpunkt wird anhand des verwendeten Kraftstoffes optimiert und durch die hier nicht dargestellte Zündanlage vorgegeben.In Fig. 3, the compression of the compressed fuel-air mixture takes place, approximately at the moment when the piston 18 reaches its top dead center. The exact ignition timing is optimized based on the fuel used and specified by the ignition system, not shown here.

In Fig. 4 ist die Zündung des Kraftstoff-Luft-Gemisches erfolgt und die Verbrennungsgase treiben den Kolben 18 nach unten. Gleichzeitig erfolgt in dieser Phase auch ein Ausstoß von Abgas, das sich im Kurbelgehäuse 26 gesammelt hat. Dieser Vorgang ist in Fig. 5 dargestellt, welche eine andere Schnittebene zeigt. Hierauf wird noch anschließend eingegangen.4, the ignition of the fuel-air mixture has taken place and the combustion gases drive the piston 18 downwards. At the same time, exhaust gas that has collected in the crankcase 26 is also emitted in this phase. This process is shown in Fig. 5, which shows a different section plane. This will be discussed later.

Nach Erreichen des unteren Totpunktes wird gemäß Fig. 6 das Abgas aus dem Verbrennungsraum 16 ausgestoßen. Im Gegensatz zu konventionellen Verbrennungsmotoren erfolgt jedoch der Ausstoß nicht in die Atmosphäre, sondern in ein Expansionsgefäß in Gestalt des Kurbelgehäuses 26. Der zur Abgasanlage 34 gehörende Weg über den Drehschieber und bis hinunter ins Kurbelgehäuse ist hier durch Pfeile veranschaulicht.After reaching the bottom dead center, the exhaust gas is expelled from the combustion chamber 16 according to FIG. 6. in the In contrast to conventional internal combustion engines, however, they are not discharged into the atmosphere, but into an expansion vessel in the form of the crankcase 26. The path belonging to the exhaust system 34 via the rotary valve and down into the crankcase is illustrated here by arrows.

Während der nächsten drei Phasen wird dann die Verbindung zwischen dem Kurbegehäuse 26 und der Abgasführung 64 durch den Drehschieber 24 gemäß der Darstellung in Fig. 5 geöffnet, so daß das Abgas vom Kurbelgehäuse 26 über die Abgasführung 64 in die Atmosphäre 38 gelangen kann.During the next three phases, the connection between the crankcase 26 and the exhaust gas guide 64 is opened by the rotary valve 24 as shown in FIG. 5, so that the exhaust gas from the crankcase 26 can reach the atmosphere 38 via the exhaust gas guide 64.

Durch die erläuterte Abgasführung über das Expansionsgefäß wird ein Resonanzsystem geschaffen, welches einmal die Leistung, die zum Ausstoßen des Abgases erforderlich ist, vermindert und zum anderen auch beim Ansaugen des neuen Kraftstoff-Luft-Gemisches durch die Resonanzwelle diesen Vorgang verstärkt, so daß eine beträchtliche Leistungserhöhung eintritt.Through the explained exhaust gas routing through the expansion vessel, a resonance system is created which on the one hand reduces the power required to expel the exhaust gas and on the other hand also increases this process when the new fuel-air mixture is sucked in by the resonance wave, so that a considerable Performance increase occurs.

In Fig. 7 ist als Einzelheit die konstruktive Ausgestaltung der Lagerung des Zwei-Wege-Drehschiebers 24 im Zylinderkopf 14 dargestellt. Zur Verbesserung der bei Drehschiebern kritischen Abdichtung dient ein Dichtzylinder 40, welcher unter dem Einfluß des Verbrennungsdrucks in Richtung des Pfeils verlagerbar ist. Dadurch ergibt sich eine wirksame Abdichtung nur dann, wenn diese auch wirklich benötigt wird. Während der übrigen Zeit kann der Drehschieber 24 unter geringem Spiel des Dichtzylinders 40 rotieren, so daß sein Verschleiß und die Reibungsverluste des Antriebssystems insgesamt verringert werden.7 shows the structural design of the mounting of the two-way rotary valve 24 in the cylinder head 14 as a detail. To improve the rotary vane critical sealing is provided by a sealing cylinder 40 which can be displaced in the direction of the arrow under the influence of the combustion pressure. This results in an effective seal only when it is really needed. During the rest of the time, the rotary valve 24 can rotate with little play of the sealing cylinder 40, so that its wear and the friction losses of the drive system are reduced overall.

Fig. 8 zeigt eine Seitenansicht auf den Verbrennungsmotor 10 und läßt insbesondere eine kontrarotierende Ausgleichswelle 44 erkennen, welche zur Beseitigung einer eventuellen Unwucht dient. An der Ausgleichswelle 44 ist eine berührungslose Abtastung 42 der Zündanlage 30 angeordnet, die eine elektronische Tyristorsteuerung umfaßt. Hierbei wird bei jeder Umdrehung ein Zündimpuls geliefert, so daß nach einer Zündung des Kraftstoff-Luft-Gemisches auch stets eine Zündung ins Abgas erfolgt. Dadurch entstehen keine Nachteile bei der Verbrennung, es ist allerdings bei der Zusammensetzung der Module einfacher, ohne Berücksichtigung der Stellung der die Abtastung für die Zündung bewirkenden kontrarotierenden Ausgleichswelle 44 den Zusammenbau vorzunehmen.FIG. 8 shows a side view of the internal combustion engine 10 and in particular reveals a counter-rotating balancer shaft 44, which serves to eliminate any imbalance. A contactless scanning 42 of the ignition system 30, which comprises an electronic tyristor control, is arranged on the balance shaft 44. Here, an ignition pulse is delivered with each revolution, so that after ignition of the fuel-air mixture there is always an ignition in the exhaust gas. This does not result in any disadvantages in the combustion, but it is easier with the composition of the modules to carry out the assembly without taking into account the position of the counter-rotating balancing shaft 44 which causes the scanning for the ignition.

Eine Koppelung der Kurbelwelle 20, der kontrarotierenden Ausgleichswelle 44 und des Drehschiebers 24 untereinander kann durch ein Getriebe erfolgen, das zwischen die Wellenenden geschaltet ist. Dabei ist das Übersetzungsverhältnis des Getriebes so zu wählen, daß der Drehschieber 24 mit der halben Drehzahl der Kurbelwelle 20 rotiert.The crankshaft 20, the counter-rotating balancer shaft 44 and the rotary slide valve 24 can be coupled to one another by a gear mechanism which is connected between the shaft ends. The gear ratio of the transmission is to be selected so that the rotary valve 24 rotates at half the speed of the crankshaft 20.

Das Getriebe für den Ventilantrieb sowie den Antrieb der kontrarotierenden Ausgleichswelle ferner die Abtriebswellen als auch Gestänge und Versorgungsleitungen können in einem gesonderten Seitenteil untergebracht sein. Ein Zusammenbau mit solchen Seitenteilen wird durch Führungselemente 68 erleichtert. Zur Vornahme der Grundstellungen der Wellen 20, 44 und des Drehschiebers 24 dienen Markierungen 72 auf kreuzförmigen Ausnehmungen 60 der Wellenenden 58.The gear unit for the valve drive and the drive of the counter-rotating balancer shaft, the output shafts as well as the linkage and supply lines can be accommodated in a separate side part. Assembly with such side parts is facilitated by guide elements 68. Markings 72 on cross-shaped recesses 60 of the shaft ends 58 serve to make the basic positions of the shafts 20, 44 and the rotary slide valve 24.

Fig. 9 veranschaulicht die durch die Ausgestaltung des Antriebssystems mögliche Modulbauweise. Dabei bildet ein Teil des Verbrennungsmotors, welcher Zylinder 12, Zylinderkopf 14, Verbrennungsraum 16, Kolben 18, Kurbeltrieb 20, 22, Ventile 24, Kurbelgehäuse 26, Vergaser 28 und Zündanlage 30 umfaßt, ein Kraftmodul 46, ein Seitenteil, das den Ventilantrieb, gegebenenfalls den Anstrieb der kontrarotierenden Ausgleichswelle, eine oder mehrere Abtriebswellen 48, ein Vergasergestänge 50 sowie Versorgungs- und Entsorgungsleitungen 52 aufnimmt, ein Versorgungsmodul 54. Schließlich ist noch als Abschluß auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite eine Abschlußplatte 56 vorgesehen.Fig. 9 illustrates the modular construction possible by the design of the drive system. A part of the internal combustion engine, which includes cylinder 12, cylinder head 14, combustion chamber 16, piston 18, crank mechanism 20, 22, valves 24, crankcase 26, carburetor 28 and ignition system 30, forms a power module 46, a side part which, if appropriate, the valve drive the drive the counter-rotating balancer shaft, one or more output shafts 48, a carburetor linkage 50 and supply and disposal lines 52, a supply module 54. Finally, a closing plate 56 is provided as a termination on the opposite side.

Je nach der gewünschten Leistung können mehrere Kraftmodule 46 aneinander gesetzt werden, die lediglich ein einziges Versorgungsmodul 54 und eine Abschlußplatte 56 zum seitlichen Abschluß benötigen. Die kraftschlüssige Verbindung zwischen den Wellenenden der Kraftmodule 46 erfolgt über Mitnehmerkreuze 62, die lose in kreuzförmige Ausnehmungen 60 der Wellenenden eingelegt werden. Beim Vergasergestänge 50 sind ineinandergreifende Klauenmitnehmer vorgesehen. Auch die übrigen Leitungen, also Kraftstoffleitungen 52, elektrische Leitungen sowie Abgasführungen 64 und Luftführungen 66 werden beim Zusammenstecken der Kraftmodule 46 untereinander und mit dem Versorgungsmodul 58 automatisch verbunden. Die Montage wird durch Führungselemente 68 erleichtert. Im zusammengesetzten Zustand sorgen lösbare Schnappverbindungen für einen sicheren Verbund.Depending on the desired performance, several power modules 46 can be placed next to each other, which only require a single supply module 54 and an end plate 56 for the side closure. The non-positive connection between the shaft ends of the force modules 46 takes place via driver crosses 62, which are inserted loosely into cross-shaped recesses 60 of the shaft ends. Interlocking claw drivers are provided in the carburetor linkage 50. The other lines, that is to say fuel lines 52, electrical lines as well as exhaust gas ducts 64 and air ducts 66, are automatically connected to one another and to the supply module 58 when the power modules 46 are plugged together. The assembly is facilitated by guide elements 68. When assembled, detachable snap connections ensure a secure connection.

Bei Kaskadierung mehrerer Kraftmodule ist es für einen gleichmäßigen Drehmomentverlauf und Verminderung der Unwucht zweckmäßig, die Wellenenden um eine viertel bis eine halbe Umdrehung zu versetzen. Dies geschieht dadurch, daß die Markierungen 72 der verschiedenen Kraftmodule 46 in unterschiedliche Stellungen gebracht werden, ehe die Mitnehmerkreuze 62 in die kreuzförmigen Ausnehmungen 60 gelegt werden, wie es Fig. 11 veranschaulicht. Die Einstellung der Markierungen der einzelnen Kraftmodule 46 ergibt sich aus einer in Fig. 10 dargestellten Tabelle. Dabei beziehen sich die Angaben der Tabelle auf die Stellungen der Markierungen 72 in Bezug auf die ebenfalls neben den Wellen angeordneten Himmelsrichtungen N, E, S, W.When cascading multiple power modules, it is for one even torque curve and reduction of imbalance are advisable to offset the shaft ends by a quarter to a half turn. This takes place in that the markings 72 of the various force modules 46 are brought into different positions before the driver crosses 62 are placed in the cross-shaped recesses 60, as illustrated in FIG. 11. The setting of the markings of the individual force modules 46 results from a table shown in FIG. 10. The information in the table relates to the positions of the markings 72 in relation to the cardinal points N, E, S, W, which are also arranged next to the waves.

Durch die Ausgestaltung des Versorgungsmoduls 54 braucht ein Anschluß der Abtriebswelle 48, eines Vergasergestänges 50, einer Kraftstoffleitung zu einer Kraftstoffanlage 32 sowie ein Abgasrohr 74 nur einmal erfolgen. Die Verbindung zu den anderen Kraftmodulen erfolgt dann automatisch beim Zusammenstecken.Due to the design of the supply module 54, the output shaft 48, a carburetor linkage 50, a fuel line to a fuel system 32 and an exhaust pipe 74 need only be connected once. The connection to the other power modules is then made automatically when plugged together.

Claims (4)

1. Drive system, in particular for a small vehicle, comprising an internal combustion engine (10), which includes an engine casing having at least one cylinder (12) cylinder head (14), combustion chamber (16), piston (18), crank drive (20, 22), valves (24), crank casing (16), at least one carburettor (28), an ignition installation (30), a fuel installation (32) and an exhaust installation comprising an expansion vessel (36), which is connected on the one hand during the exhaust gas expulsion via the valves (24) with the combustion chamber (16) and on the other hand with the atmosphere (38), characterized in that the expansion vessel (36) is closed off from the atmosphere (38) during the exhaust gas expulsion and is connected with the atmosphere only during the remaining time.
2. Drive system according to Claim 1, characterized in that the expansion vessel (36) is mounted separately on the engine casing.
3. Drive system according to Claim 1, characterized in that the expansion vessel (36) is formed by the crank casing (26).
4. Drive system according to one or more of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the exhaust installation (34) including the expansion vessel (36, 26) is constructed and dimensioned as a resonance system for the exhaust gas.
EP19880901565 1987-02-20 1988-02-19 Drive system, in particular for a small vehicle Expired - Lifetime EP0303643B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3705379 1987-02-20
DE3705379 1987-02-20

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0303643A1 EP0303643A1 (en) 1989-02-22
EP0303643B1 true EP0303643B1 (en) 1992-07-15

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19880901565 Expired - Lifetime EP0303643B1 (en) 1987-02-20 1988-02-19 Drive system, in particular for a small vehicle

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EP (1) EP0303643B1 (en)
DE (1) DE3872792D1 (en)
WO (1) WO1988006229A1 (en)

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE123336C (en) *
US3590945A (en) * 1970-04-03 1971-07-06 Milo E Murphy Tuned resonance mufflers
JPS6012885Y2 (en) * 1980-12-25 1985-04-25 株式会社共立 Exhaust muffler for multiple cylinder engines

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EP0303643A1 (en) 1989-02-22
DE3872792D1 (en) 1992-08-20
WO1988006229A1 (en) 1988-08-25

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