EP0302865A1 - Electrocardiographe - Google Patents

Electrocardiographe

Info

Publication number
EP0302865A1
EP0302865A1 EP87902342A EP87902342A EP0302865A1 EP 0302865 A1 EP0302865 A1 EP 0302865A1 EP 87902342 A EP87902342 A EP 87902342A EP 87902342 A EP87902342 A EP 87902342A EP 0302865 A1 EP0302865 A1 EP 0302865A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrocardiograph
fcb
display
waveform data
sta
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP87902342A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0302865A4 (fr
Inventor
Drago Cernjavic
Hans Helmuth Schultes
Vladimir Weber Vodicka
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0302865A4 publication Critical patent/EP0302865A4/fr
Publication of EP0302865A1 publication Critical patent/EP0302865A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/316—Modalities, i.e. specific diagnostic methods
    • A61B5/318—Heart-related electrical modalities, e.g. electrocardiography [ECG]
    • A61B5/332—Portable devices specially adapted therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/316—Modalities, i.e. specific diagnostic methods
    • A61B5/318—Heart-related electrical modalities, e.g. electrocardiography [ECG]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/316—Modalities, i.e. specific diagnostic methods
    • A61B5/318—Heart-related electrical modalities, e.g. electrocardiography [ECG]
    • A61B5/333—Recording apparatus specially adapted therefor
    • A61B5/335—Recording apparatus specially adapted therefor using integrated circuit memory devices

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an electrocardiograph. It is the object of the present invention to provide a compact, portable electrocardiograph device which can display heart beat pulses in graphical form, and include analysis of the waveform for standard medically diagnosed heart problems.
  • an electrocardiograph comprising input terminal means, an analog to digital converter for 0 converting electrical signals on said input terminal means into digital signals, a memory device for storing said digital signals and electronic display means for graphically displaying the digital signals.
  • said electrocardiograph comprises 5 processor means which is capable of receiving said digital signals and recognising the digital signals as being data representative of electrocardiograph signals.
  • said processor means upon receiving Z-tt said data, divides the data into waveform data which is representative of a heart beat trace.
  • the display means comprises a liquid crystal display having a screen having from 60 X 150 to 128 X 516 pixels so as to provide good trace resolution of the digital signals, which are representative of electrocardiograph signals applied to the input terminal means.
  • the device includes a microprocessor for controlling various aspects of the display of information on the LCD display.
  • a microprocessor for controlling various aspects of the display of information on the LCD display.
  • electrocardiograph device could be used for other applications and hence could be regarded as a portable oscilloscope for general application rather than for use as an electrocardiograph.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of an embodiment of the invention
  • Figure 2 shows the underside of the device
  • Figure 3 shows an end view of the device
  • Figure 4 shows a typical circuit realisation for an embodiment of the invention
  • Figures 5 to 13 show the preferred logic for the device of the invention.
  • the device shown in Figures 1 to 3 comprises a portable electrocardiograph 2 having a housing 4 and an LCD screen 6.
  • the device has control switches 8 which the user can use for controlling the selection of input information, display parameters, and output functions, as will be described hereinafter.
  • the underside of the housing 4 is provided with three electrodes 10, 12, 14 which can be placed directly upon the skin of a patient, pre ⁇ ferably near the patient's heart, and have induced thereon electrocardiograph signals.
  • the device analyses the signals and displays them as a trace 16 on the screen 6.
  • the device may also include a loudspeaker or similar electro-acoustic device 18 for generating an audible signal each time a heart beat pulse is detected, as indicated by the pulses 20, 22 in the trace 16.
  • the end of the housing includes a multi-terminal connector 24 for input/output of data and control information to peripheral devices such as printer, transmitters or external computers (not shown) .
  • the device also includes terminals 26 for battery charging and input leads for remote electrodes which can be applied at various points on the patient's body, in accordance with known practices. If external leads are connected to the terminals 26, the electrodes 10, 12, 14 could be automatically isolated.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a circuit realisation for implementing the principles of the invention.
  • the circuit includes a battery 28 which is preferably rechargable. Output from the battery is connected to a power regulating circuit 30 which also produces the necessary supply levels for the remainder of the circuitry.
  • the illustrated circuit includes four input terminals 32, 34, 36, 38 and a common input terminal 40. In the simplest arrangement, the input terminals 32 and 34 would be connected to the elec ⁇ trodes 10 and 12 mounted on the housing 4. The common terminal 40 would be connected to the central electrode 14 on the housing. This configuration would provide sufficient signal from the patient's skin in order to display a trace 16 on the LCD screen 6. It is possible however to utilize leads and remote electrodes and in the illustrated circuit there is provision for four remote electrodes as well as the common electrode.
  • the input terminals are connected via input buffers 42 to selector switches 44 to the inputs of a differential amplifier 46.
  • the common terminal 40 is connected to the outputs of the buffers 42 so as to effectively remove DC offsets which would affect all of the input terminals.
  • the switches 44 operate as selector switches so as to determine which of the terminals 32, 34, 36, 38 are connected to the differ ⁇ ential amplifier 46.
  • the switches 44 are controlled by control signals generated by a microprocessor 50 in response to inputs on the manual switches 8. The control signals are applied via control lines 52.
  • Output from the differential amplifier 46 is applied to the input of a pair of notch filters 54, 56 via a buffer amplifier 58.
  • the filters 54 and 56 have their notches at 50Hz and 60Hz so as to remove induced noise signals at those frequencies from mains supplies.
  • Both filters are provided so that the same equipment can be used in the environment of 50Hz and 60Hz main supplies.
  • Output from the notch filter 56 is -applied to a low pass filter 60 which typically has a cut off frequency of say 100Hz.
  • Output from the filter 60 is applied to an analog to digital converter 62 via a high sensitivity line 64 or via a low sensitivity line 66 which reduces the amplitude by means of a resistive divider.
  • the selection of the high or low sensitivity input to the converter 62 is subject to the control of programmes within the microprocessor 50.
  • the converter 62 preferably comprises an ADC 0844 circuit which has an eight bit parallel output and a sampling rate which is selectable in accordance with programmes stored within the microprocessor 50. Typically, the sampling rate would be 1ms.
  • Output from the converter 62 is input- ted via lines 68 to the microprocessor 50 and to a graphics controller circuit 70 for the LCD screen 6.
  • the microprocessor preferably includes sufficient memory for storage of programmes to control the display parameters and input/output functions associ- ated with the circuit.
  • the microprocessor has exter ⁇ nal input/output lines 72 which extend to the connec ⁇ tor 24 shown in Figure 3.
  • the microprocessor has data input/output lines 74 which connect into data ports on the controller circuit 70.
  • the circuit 70 has data input/output lines 76 coupled to a memory RAM 78.
  • the RAM 78 has sufficient memory to store data represent ⁇ ative of the heart beat trace 16 for display purposes and for holding purposes.
  • the capacity of the RAM 64 is typically 64k.
  • the microprocessor 50 comprises a 6801 circuit
  • the circuit 70 comprises an E-1330 circuit
  • the RAM 78 comprises a 6116 circuit.
  • Figure 5 shows the overall flow chart which commences at power-on at step 80.
  • initialising step 82 in which various parts of the circuits such as the microprocessor 50, memory 78, display controller 70 and input circuits 44 and 62 are initialised to the proper modes of opera ⁇ tion.
  • step 84 presents copyright notice, basic system status information and current setup state for the user for a short time. Information for display at this time could include time base and sensitivity settings, as well as any recorded abnor ⁇ malities memorised on previous operating sessions.
  • step 86 which prepares the display for normal operating state, and starts the real-time generating hardware, which creates the regular time interval interrupts on which the measure ⁇ ment and timing of events rely.
  • step 88 which determines if a one second interval has occurred. If no, then next is step 92, as nothing is required to be done yet. If yes, then step 90 is performed which is a subprogram, to carry out all the system operations required once every second. The logic in step 90 is separately shown in Figure 6.
  • the routine returns back to step 92 which is a check if the display queue is empty. If yes, no new waveform points are ready, so next is step 96.
  • Step 94 is a subprogram to prepare and display the waveform, and its logic is shown in Figure 7.
  • the following step is 96 which checks if any operator functions have been requested by depression of one of the input switches 8. If no, the program loops back to step 88 to repeat the above sequence continuously. If yes, the step 98 is carried out.
  • Step 98 is a subprogram to carry out any requested operations from the user and its logic is shown in Figure 8.
  • Figure 6 shows the subprogram which processes operations required only occasionally, such as at one second intervals.
  • the subprogram enters at step 100, from there to step 102, which resets the flag which was used to indicate that this subprogram operation is required, then the heart beat rate is calculated and displayed. This then proceeds to step 104, which analyses the waveform for fundamental deviations from normal. Step 106 checks for if any notable deviations exist. If no, proceeds to step 110 and exits from the subprogram. If yes, step 108 is carried out, which signals the fault on the display and audibly, then memorises the fault for latter recall. Step 110 is then performed exiting from the subprogram.
  • Figure 7 shows the waveform display processing.
  • the subprogram is entered at step 120, which leads to step 122 where the display scrolling flag is tested. If no, step 126 is next. If yes, step 124 is per ⁇ formed. This clears the flag, then updates the display scroll position and clears the current display column. Step 126 is next carried out which fetches the next display point which was determined to be available at step 92. The data is adjusted for scaling and offset, then converted to a display dot location and placed into the display memory. . The program proceeds to step 128 and exits back to the main program of Figure 5.
  • Step 140 is entered from step 98 of Figure 5.
  • the program proceeds to decision box step 142, where it is determined if a display control function is required. If yes, the program passes to step 144. Step 144 decides if display scaling adjustment is required. If yes, step 146 increases the range if a "+" button (one of the control switches 8) is also depressed and decreases the range if a "-" button (one of the control switches 8) is also pressed. If no, decision step 148 is next, which determines if display offset adjustment is required. If yes, step 150 proceeds to increase the offset if the "+ M button is pressed, or decrease the offset if the "-" ' button is pressed.
  • step 152 determines if scan rate adjust- ment is required. If yes, step 154 increases the scan rate if the "+" button is pressed, or decreases the scan rate when the "-" button is pressed. If no, decision step 156 determines if display freeze is requested. If yes, step 158 sets the display hold flag, used by step 332 of Figure 13 to cease recording of more waveform points when a full screen trace is obtained. If no, next step 178 is carried out. All the steps 146, 150, 154, 158 all proceed to step 178 as described below. If no at step 142, then step 160 follows, here a decision is carried out, whether input or output is requested.
  • step 162 calling subprogram D (shown in Figure 9) is carried out. If no, decision step 164 determines if a storage operation is, required. If yes, subprogram E (shown in Figure 10) is called at step 166. If no, decision step 168 determines if a waveform analysis is requested. If yes, step 170 calls subprogram F (shown in Figure 11) . If no, step 172 decides if a power off request has been made. If no, step 178 is carried out. If yes, step 174 turns off the display logic, enables backup power if any data is to be retained, sets several
  • step 176 turns the power circuits 30 off, thus putting the circuits and processor out of opera ⁇ tion.
  • Each subprogram call at steps 162, 166, 170 returns and proceeds to step 178, like other steps
  • step 96 clears the operator function request flag interrogated in step 96, and proceeds to step 180 which returns to the main program of Figure 5.
  • FIG. 9 shows the operations of the subprogram D, which performs input, output requests. Entry is
  • step 204 determines from user entry which waveform is requested, and sent graphically to an external printer (not shown) which can be coupled via connector 24. If
  • step 206 which decides if a waveform listing is requested. If yes, step 208 determines which waveform to print and then sends the numerical waveform points to the printer coupled via connector 24. • If no, step 210 determines if a
  • step 212 determines from user input which waveform is to be loaded, and then reads the waveform numerical.data from the device connected at connector 24. If no,
  • step 214 determines if a waveform analysis is requested. If no, step 222 exits from the subprogram. If yes, step 216 determines which waveform to analyse from user input. Step 218 follows and it calls the waveform analysis subprogram F. On return from the subprogram F, step 220 proceeds to print the results of the analysis on an external printer (not shown) which can be coupled via connector 24. All the steps 204, 208, 212, 220 proceed to step 222 which exits the subprogram D returning to step 162 of Figure 8.
  • FIG 10 shows the flow chart of subprogram E, which processes requests for storage of waveforms. Entry is at step 240 which is followed by step 242 in which the user selects which of several stored waveforms is to be operated on. Next, a decision step 244 determines if a recall of the selected waveform is required. If yes, step 246 places the waveform display on hold, then transfers the saved waveform into the display. If no, decision step 248 determines if a save waveform operation is required. If yes, decision step 250 checks if the selected waveform is protected. If step 250 is yes, then step 254 displays a "protected" message to the user.
  • step 250 If step 250 is no, then the content of the current waveform buffer is transferred to the selected storage area, then gener ⁇ ate a signal demonstrating that the memory has a stored waveform. If step 248 is no, then step 256, decides if the protect state is to be changed. If yes, the selected waveform protect flag is toggled to the opposite condition by step 258. This protects and unprotects alternately. The protected state is indicated. If no, decision step 260 determines if the selected waveform is to be removed. If yes, step 262 determines if the waveform is protected. If step 262 is yes, then step 254 signals the "protected" error. If step 262 is no, then clear the waveform buffer usage flag, effectively forgetting the stored waveform.
  • step 260 If step 260 is no, the program passes to step 266. All the steps 246, 254, 258 and 264 proceed to step 266 which exits the subprogram back to step 166 of Figure 8.
  • Figure 11 shows the logic of subprogram F, which analyses the heart beat waveforms. Entry is at step 280, proceeds to step 282. The display function is halted then the buffered waveform is checked against the standard medical conditions. Decision step 284 determines if a medical problem was found in the analysis. If no, then proceed with step 286 which indicates normal heart pattern and waveform statistics or characteristics. If no, then step 288 indicates the one or more possible diagnostic conditions found by the analysis, and permit display of statistics of the waveform.
  • Step 290 Both steps 286 and 288 proceed to step 290 where it is decided if a reanalysis is required. If yes, return to step 282, or if no, proceed to step 292 which exits back to Figure 5 step 170.
  • Figure 12 shows the flow chart for the real time interupt process, which runs as a separate program from the main program. It is started at a regular interval by a counter in the microprocessor 50. It is responsible for regular timing events. Entry is at step 300, which proceeds to step 302, which triggers a new input reading from the converter circuit 62.
  • Step 304 next determines if a scan interval period has expired. If yes, then step 306 sets a flag for the main program to signal the scan time event and then restarts the scan interval counter.
  • step 308 checks if a one second period has elapsed. If yes, step 310 sets a one second flag and restarts the one second period counter. If no, or after step 310, step 312 scans the control switches 8 and processes the key pressed signals. Step 314 is next carried out which exits the interupt process.
  • Figure 13 shows the flow chart for data conver ⁇ sion interupt process, which runs as a separate program. It is started when the converter circuit item 62 has completed the operation triggered by the step 302 in Figure 12. Entry is at step 320, which proceeds to step 322 which reads the converted input data from item 62, and places it into the waveform buffer. Step 324 then checks if a scan period has elapsed.
  • step 326 updates the cursor location and flags that a display scroll is required
  • step 328 follows checking if the screen end has been reached. If step 324 is no, or step 328 is no,-then step 330 follows. If step 328 is yes then step 332 determines if the display halt flag is set. If step 328 is yes, the program proceeds to step 334. If step 328 is no, step 330 follows.
  • Step 330 puts the new data point into the display queue.
  • Step 334 follows which checks the waveform buffer for a pulse peak.
  • Step 336 determines if a pulse was detected. If yes, step 338 stores the last pulse interval, signals a new pulse period is avail ⁇ able and give an audible pulse indication on item 18.
  • Step 340 follows. If no, step 340 exits from the interupt process, stopping the interupt program and returning to the main program at the point prior to entry of the data conversion interupt program.
  • the housing 4 is very compact and typically has the following dimensions 185 x 74 x 27 mm.
  • 0080 is3flg equ 80h ; Input strobe flag 0040 is3irq equ 40h ; Input strobe interupt enable 0010 oss equ lOh ; output strobe 3 on read(0) or 7/06447
  • Ports 15h-lfh are reserved for later 6801 versions
  • controller 4001 glcdin equ glc+1 (in) data input from LCD controller 4000 glcdout equ glc (out) data out to VRAM and registers
  • 0043 mread equ 43h gets the display storage at the cursor, may get 'n' bytes, as cursor advances in CSDIRx ; direction.
  • RAM exists from 80h to ;0FFh, with stack allocated at the top of this area. 0080 RAMBASE org 80h
  • E1E5 DD 94 std rtvalue Must determine if the button is pressed
  • E1EC 27 00 beq nolsec ;skip when no second
  • Ida b,scalindx ldx fscatbl abx Ida b,l,x ;get low 8 bit scaling factor mul addd #80 sta a,scatemp ;save intermediate result Ida a,0,x Ida b,convdat mul add b,scatemp adc a,#0 ; scaling(16)*conv(8) result (16) ; retain top 2 bytes of 3 byte result ; Ida b.horzpos
  • E310 C6 20 Ida b,#32 ; number of ram bytes ; in a line on the display
  • E3C9 A6 00 Ida a,0,x Clear the trigger, reload.- sampling » rate and start next 2.5 msec period
  • E E33CCBB 9 977 9 988 notrig sta a.sam l E E33CCDD 9 966 0 088 Ida a.tcsr E E33CCFF 8 8AA 0 011 ora a,#l E E33DD11 9 977 0 088 sta a.tcsr E E33DD33 D DCC 0 099 ldd timer E E33DD55 C C33 0 000 00AA addd #10 E E33DD88 D DDD 0 0BB std ocomp ; The trigger line is forced high again, by the immediate ;compare reset for A/D trigger next time
  • E3E2 F3 EO 04 addd msecper ; calculate the next ; compare time 10 E3E5 DD 0B std ocomp ; have setup next

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Measurement And Recording Of Electrical Phenomena And Electrical Characteristics Of The Living Body (AREA)

Abstract

Un électrocardiographe (2) possède des bornes d'entrée (32, 34, 36, 38, 40), un convertisseur analogique/numérique (62) permettant de convertir les signaux électriques appliqués auxdites bandes d'entrée (32, 34, 36, 38, 40) en signaux numériques, une mémoire (78) permettant de stocker les signaux numériques et un moyen d'affichage (6) permettant d'afficher graphiquement les signaux numériques.
EP87902342A 1986-04-21 1987-04-21 Electrocardiographe Withdrawn EP0302865A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU5556/86 1986-04-21
AUPH555686 1986-04-21

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0302865A4 EP0302865A4 (fr) 1989-02-06
EP0302865A1 true EP0302865A1 (fr) 1989-02-15

Family

ID=3771566

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87902342A Withdrawn EP0302865A1 (fr) 1986-04-21 1987-04-21 Electrocardiographe

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0302865A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH01502087A (fr)
WO (1) WO1987006447A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0346685B1 (fr) * 1988-05-31 1994-04-20 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Un appareil ambulatoire d'électrocardiographie
US4981141A (en) * 1989-02-15 1991-01-01 Jacob Segalowitz Wireless electrocardiographic monitoring system
US5168874A (en) * 1989-02-15 1992-12-08 Jacob Segalowitz Wireless electrode structure for use in patient monitoring system
JPH0817773B2 (ja) * 1989-05-16 1996-02-28 シャープ株式会社 心電図記録装置
IT1279943B1 (it) * 1995-06-08 1997-12-23 Castellini Spa Sistema di monitoraggio e controllo di funzioni cardiache applicabile in apparecchiature dentistiche
US5694941A (en) * 1996-06-28 1997-12-09 Siemens Medical Systems, Inc. Physiological waveform delay indicator/controller
FR2779633A1 (fr) * 1998-06-12 1999-12-17 Telecardia Procede et dispositif d'enregistrement d'electrocardiogrammes
US7558621B2 (en) * 2004-01-16 2009-07-07 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Synthesizing a reference value in an electrocardial waveform
JP2006061494A (ja) * 2004-08-27 2006-03-09 Omron Healthcare Co Ltd 携帯型心電計
CN101953686B (zh) 2009-07-14 2012-11-07 周常安 手持式心电检测装置
CN105877738A (zh) * 2015-01-09 2016-08-24 宁波高新区利威科技有限公司 一种生理参数监护系统信号放大器

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2142727A (en) * 1983-06-21 1985-01-23 Anthony John Turner Ultra portable electrocardiograph
EP0170448A2 (fr) * 1984-07-13 1986-02-05 Purdue Research Foundation Appareil portatif de surveillance d'un électrocardiogramme
FR2571603A1 (fr) * 1984-10-11 1986-04-18 Ascher Gilles Enregistreur portatif d'electrocardiogrammes

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DE2351167C3 (de) * 1973-10-11 1980-05-29 Fritz Schwarzer Gmbh, 8000 Muenchen EKG-Gerät
GB1597355A (en) * 1976-07-23 1981-09-09 Anderson J Display device
DE2755643A1 (de) * 1977-12-14 1979-06-21 Zeiss Carl Fa Verfahren und anordnung zur elektronischen langzeit-herzueberwachung
US4360030A (en) * 1980-01-23 1982-11-23 Medtronic, Inc. Apparatus for monitoring and storing a variety of heart activity signals
US4483346A (en) * 1983-08-25 1984-11-20 Intech Systems Corp. Electrocardiograph with digitally-printing waveform display
US5012411A (en) * 1985-07-23 1991-04-30 Charles J. Policastro Apparatus for monitoring, storing and transmitting detected physiological information

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2142727A (en) * 1983-06-21 1985-01-23 Anthony John Turner Ultra portable electrocardiograph
EP0170448A2 (fr) * 1984-07-13 1986-02-05 Purdue Research Foundation Appareil portatif de surveillance d'un électrocardiogramme
FR2571603A1 (fr) * 1984-10-11 1986-04-18 Ascher Gilles Enregistreur portatif d'electrocardiogrammes

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of WO8706447A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH01502087A (ja) 1989-07-27
WO1987006447A1 (fr) 1987-11-05
EP0302865A4 (fr) 1989-02-06

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