EP0298244A1 - Forming machine - Google Patents

Forming machine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0298244A1
EP0298244A1 EP88108555A EP88108555A EP0298244A1 EP 0298244 A1 EP0298244 A1 EP 0298244A1 EP 88108555 A EP88108555 A EP 88108555A EP 88108555 A EP88108555 A EP 88108555A EP 0298244 A1 EP0298244 A1 EP 0298244A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drive
ejector
vertical
horizontal
integral
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP88108555A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0298244B1 (en
Inventor
Marcel Buhler
Jean-Michel Martin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Societe des Produits Nestle SA
Nestle SA
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Societe des Produits Nestle SA
Nestle SA
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Application filed by Societe des Produits Nestle SA, Nestle SA filed Critical Societe des Produits Nestle SA
Priority to AT88108555T priority Critical patent/ATE55087T1/en
Publication of EP0298244A1 publication Critical patent/EP0298244A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0298244B1 publication Critical patent/EP0298244B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
    • B30B11/02—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses using a ram exerting pressure on the material in a moulding space
    • B30B11/14—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses using a ram exerting pressure on the material in a moulding space co-operating with moulds on a movable carrier other than a turntable or a rotating drum

Definitions

  • the subject of the present invention is an apparatus for forming individual articles composed of particles agglomerated with a binder, comprising an endless forming strip comprising juxtaposed perforated plates, an apron joined under a part of the forming strip and forming cells. with the openings of said plates, a device for feeding the cells, and an ejector comprising pistons adapted to said openings.
  • An apparatus for continuously molding a grainy and sticky mass comprising an endless molding strip formed of juxtaposed plates each pierced with a row of holes into which the mass is introduced via a distributor box without bottom in direct contact with the strip.
  • the mass is retained in the holes by an apron on which the strip slides.
  • the mass is then compressed in the holes or cells by a row of pistons.
  • the articles, in this case cookies thus molded are ejected from the holes by other pistons downstream of the apron and they fall onto a transverse conveyor belt which carries them out of the apparatus.
  • Such an apparatus is suitable for molding and handling relatively compact and solid articles which in particular support the fall of the molding strip on the conveyor belt.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus of this type which is suitable for forming relatively fragile articles composed of relatively light particles agglomerated with a binder in a relatively loose or aerated manner.
  • the apparatus according to the present invention is characterized in that said feed device and a tamping and ejection device are provided above a lower part of a loop described by the forming strip without end, said apron is an endless conveyor belt attached under and aligned with the forming strip along said lower flat part of said loop, said perforated plates are connected to drive chains by drive supports sliding on vertical drive axes fixed to the chains, vertical drive rollers are provided on transverse axes integral with said drive supports, said compaction and ejection device comprises said ejector, a vertical and horizontal drive device return of the ejector, and a vertical drive guide intended to cooperate with said vertical drive rollers, said ejector comprises vertical pistons adapted s with the openings of an entire plate and integral with a cap sliding on at least one vertically movable horizontal axis, and said cap further comprises a pivoting horizontal-outward drive arm intended to cooperate with horizontal-outward drive fingers integral with said drive supports.
  • the endless forming strip preferably describes an oval loop having a lower flat part along which the perforated plates pass successively under the feed device, under an optional device for distribution and equalization then under and at through the tamping and ejection device.
  • Said oval loop preferably also has an upper flat part along which the perforated plates return to their starting position upstream of the supply device.
  • the apron formed by said endless conveyor belt preferably moves at the same speed and in the same direction as the forming band along the flat lower part of said loop. This endless conveyor belt extends beyond the downstream end of said flat lower part of said loop.
  • the perforated plates of said forming strip can be produced in various ways.
  • the openwork can for example have been drilled in a massive plate and have a cylindrical shape.
  • the pistons of the ejector adapted to these openings preferably also have a cylindrical shape with a diameter slightly smaller than that of the openings.
  • said perforated plates are produced in the form of gratings of the grating type.
  • This embodiment makes it possible to provide openings separated by vertical thin walls and having openings of various shapes and dimensions.
  • the preferred form of opening is however the mesh square which allows to form individual cubic articles.
  • the ejector pistons adapted to these openings preferably also have a square horizontal section with edge length slightly less than that of the openings.
  • Said device for supplying the cells can be produced, for example, in the form of a transverse endless conveyor belt delivering a mass of particulate product to be formed in a hopper disposed above the forming band at the upstream end of the lower flat part of said loop.
  • Said optional distribution and equalization device can comprise for example at least one distribution island followed by rotary brushes and / or smoothing discs arranged over the entire width of the forming strip, above the latter and in downstream of said feeding station.
  • the smoothing discs are preferably arranged in two rows, the downstream row comprising one less disc than the upstream row.
  • Said tamping and ejection device is designed so as to be able to impart to said perforated plates and to said ejector relative movements such that said individual articles always rest on said apron throughout the tamping and ejection operations.
  • the ejector driven in a horizontal movement back and forth by a finger secured to the support of the plate descends and compresses the particulate product in the cells by partial penetration of the pistons in the cells.
  • the plate rises under the effect of said vertical drive rollers which engage on the vertical drive guide, the latter being preferably produced in the form of inclined planes located on either side of the forming tape.
  • These rollers provided on transverse axes integral with the support of the plate thus make the support slide vertically along said drive axes fixed to the chains.
  • the individual articles thus released from the cells are transported out of the apparatus by the endless conveyor belt which has served as an apron until then.
  • the vertical movements and the horizontal-return movement of the ejector are printed by said vertical and horizontal-return drive device.
  • the latter device may comprise on the one hand a vertical drive means, such as a pneumatic piston motor for example, connected to said vertically movable horizontal axis on which said cap of the ejector slides.
  • This device may further comprise a horizontal drive means, such as a pneumatic piston motor for example, intended to push back or bring back to the standby position the ejector which slides on said horizontal axis.
  • said pivoting horizontal drive arm secured to said cap of the ejector is either in the engaged position, namely in a position such that it can cooperate with or be pushed by the horizontal-go drive fingers secured to the plate supports, either in the released position, namely in a position such that the ejector can be brought back or pushed back into the waiting position.
  • the pivotings from one position to the other can be printed on this arm by a drive means such as a pneumatic motor for example.
  • control and synchronization of these different movements can be carried out by means of pneumatic or electric switches, for example, depending on the nature of the drive means used, arranged at determined distances along the packing and ejection device and actuated by the very movements of the plate supports and the ejector.
  • the embodiment of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 comprises an endless forming strip 1 comprising juxtaposed openwork plates 2, an apron 3 joined against part of the forming strip 1 and forming cells with the openings of said plates 2, a device 4.5 for supplying the cells, a distribution and equalization device 7-9, and a tamping and ejection device 10-12.
  • the endless forming strip 1 describes an oval loop defined by four pairs of drive wheels 13 at least one of which is driven by a motor not shown, the speed of rotation of which is synchronized with a drive means, not shown, d 'A drive roller 14 of the deck 3 produced in the form of an endless conveyor belt.
  • the oval loop described by the forming strip 1 has a lower flat part 15 along which the perforated plates 2 pass successively under the feed device 4,5, under the distribution and equalization device 7-9 then under and at through the tamping and ejection device 10-12.
  • Said oval loop also has an upper flat part 16 along which the perforated plates 2 return to their starting position upstream of the supply device.
  • the apron formed by the endless conveyor belt 3 moves at the same speed and in the same direction as the forming band 1 along the flat lower part 15 of said loop.
  • This endless conveyor belt 3 extends beyond the downstream end of the flat lower part 15 of the loop, so that it can be transported without shock or fall out of the device, then for example through a drying apparatus, the individual articles 17 which have been formed directly on it.
  • the device for feeding the cells comprises a transverse endless conveyor belt 5 opening above a hopper 4 to deliver a mass of particulate product 6 to be formed there.
  • the hopper 4 is arranged above the forming strip 1 at the upstream end of the lower flat part 15 of said loop.
  • the distribution and equalization device comprises a distribution island 7 having seen from above the shape of a triangle with point directed upstream, rotary brushes 8 and rotary smoothing discs 9. There are two brushes 8 arranged one beside the other downstream of the island 7.
  • the smoothing discs 9 are three in number and arranged in a row of one nested in a row of two covering the entire width of the forming strip .
  • the tamping and ejection device comprises an ejector 10, a vertical and horizontal-return drive device 11 for the ejector and a vertical drive guide 12.
  • This device is designed so as to be able to print on the perforated plates 2 and on the ejector 10 of the relative movements such as the individual articles 17 always rest on the deck 3 throughout the tamping and ejection operations.
  • the vertical and horizontal-return drive device for the ejector 10 comprises a vertical pneumatic motor 18 and a horizontal pneumatic motor 19.
  • the horizontal pneumatic motor 19 and a pair of horizontal axes 21, 22 are integral with a vertically movable frame 20 driven by the vertical pneumatic motor 18.
  • the horizontal pneumatic motor 19 is intended to push back or return to the standby position the ejector 10 which slides on the horizontal axes 21, 22.
  • the vertical pneumatic motor 18 is integral with a chassis, not shown, of the device. This vertical pneumatic motor 18 is intended to lower and raise the ejector 10, the vertical pistons 23 of which are adapted to and can penetrate the openings of the openwork plates 2.
  • the perforated plates 2 are connected to drive chains 24 by drive supports 25 sliding on vertical drive axes 26 fixed to the chains 24.
  • Each plate 2 has a support at each of its lateral ends, and on each side of the forming strip corresponds a drive chain 24.
  • Each drive chain 24 comprises chain rollers 29, links 30 carrying vertical drive axes 26 and conventional links 31 fixed to the axes 32 of the chain rollers 29.
  • Vertical drive rollers 27 are provided on transverse axes 28 integral with the drive supports 25.
  • the vertical drive guide 12 is produced in the form of inclined planes located on either side of the forming strip.
  • the plates 2 can therefore mount under the effect of the vertical drive rollers 27 which engage on the vertical drive guide 12, without their horizontal movement being modified.
  • the chain rollers 29 indeed continue to roll along a horizontal chain guide 33 when the supports 25 slide up on the vertical drive axes 26.
  • the ejector 10 comprises vertical pistons 23 having a square horizontal section adapted to the square apertures of the plates or grids 2.
  • the pistons 23 can therefore penetrate into the cells 34 formed by the endless apron / strip 3 attached under the plates or grids 2
  • the ejector comprises as many vertical pistons 23 as each plate or grid 2 has openings or meshes.
  • the pistons 23 are integral with a cap 35 sliding on the vertically movable horizontal axes 21, 22 shown in Figures 2 and 3.
  • the cap 35 further comprises a pivoting arm 36 of horizontal-go drive intended to cooperate with fingers of 'horizontal drive going 37 integral with the drive supports 25.
  • the pivotings of this arm 36 between the engaged and released positions, namely between the cooperation or non-cooperation positions with the fingers 37, are printed by a non-pneumatic motor represented.
  • the relative movements of the forming plates 2 and the ejector 10 can be broken down into three essential times which are illustrated using the four relative positions AD.
  • position A the ejector 10 is in the standby position above the forming strip at the precise moment when the drive finger secured to the drive support of the plate 2 comes into cooperation or contact with the pivoting drive arm secured ejector cover 10.
  • the ejector 10 descends and compresses the particulate product 6 in the cells 34 by partial penetration of the pistons 23 in the cells.
  • a third step from position C to position D and return to position A, the ejector 10 rises in turn, disengages from plate 2 and is brought back to the initial or standby position from where it will be driven by the drive finger integral with the drive support of the next forming plate.
  • the individual articles formed 17 thus released from the cells without the slightest shock are transported out of the apparatus by the endless conveyor belt which has previously served as apron 3.
  • control and synchronization of the various movements printed by the various drive means described with reference to FIGS. 1-6 are carried out by means of pneumatic switches arranged at determined distances along the compaction and ejection device 10-12 and actuated by the very movements of the ejector 10 and the supports 25 of the forming plates 2.

Abstract

1. An apparatus for shaping individual articles consisting of particles agglomerated with a binder, comprising an endless shaping belt (1) with juxtaposed apertured plates (2), an apron (3) fasted beneath part of the shaping belt (1) and forming cells with the apertures of said plates (2), means (4, 5) for feeding the cells and an ejector (10) comprising pistons adapted to said apertures, characterized in that said feed means (4, 5) and a tamping and ejection unit (10-12) are provided above a lower flat part (15) of a loop formed by the endless shaping belt (1), said apron is an endless conveyor belt (3) fastened beneath and aligned with said lower flat part (15) of the shaping belt (1), said apertured plates (2) are connected to drive chains (24) by drive supports (25) sliding on vertical drive shafts (26) fixed to the chains (24), vertical drive rollers (27) are provided on transverse axles (28) integral with said drive supports (25), said tamping and ejection unit comprises said ejector (10), a vertical and horizontal-return drive mechanism (11) for the ejector and a vertical drive guide (12) intended to cooperate with said vertical drive rollers (27), said ejector (10) comprises vertical pistons (23) adapted to the apertures (24) of an entire plate (2), and integral with a hood (35) sliding on at least one vertically displaceable horizontal shaft (21, 22) and said hood (35) additionally comprises a pivotal, horizontal-forward drive arm (36) intended to cooperate with horizontal-forward drive fingers (37) integral with said drive supports (25).

Description

La présente invention a pour objet un appareil de formage d'articles individuels composés de particules agglomérées avec un liant, comprenant une bande de formage sans fin comportant des plaques ajourées juxtaposées, un tablier accolé sous une partie de la bande de formage et formant des alvéoles avec les ajours desdites plaques, un dispo­sitif d'alimentation des alvéoles, et un éjecteur compor­tant des pistons adaptés auxdits ajours.The subject of the present invention is an apparatus for forming individual articles composed of particles agglomerated with a binder, comprising an endless forming strip comprising juxtaposed perforated plates, an apron joined under a part of the forming strip and forming cells. with the openings of said plates, a device for feeding the cells, and an ejector comprising pistons adapted to said openings.

On connaît un appareil de moulage en continu d'une masse granuleuse et collante comprenant une bande de moulage sans fin formée de plaques juxtaposées percées chacune d'une rangée de trous dans lesquels la masse est intro­duite par l'intermédiaire d'un caisson distributeur sans fond en contact direct avec la bande. La masse est retenue dans les trous par un tablier sur lequel la bande glisse. La masse est ensuite comprimée dans les trous ou alvéoles par une rangée de pistons. Puis les articles, en l'occurrence des biscuits ainsi moulés sont éjectés des trous par d'autres pistons en aval du tablier et ils chutent sur une bande de transport transversale qui les emporte hors de l'appareil. Un tel appareil convient pour le moulage et la manipulation d'articles relativement compacts et solides qui supportent notamment la chute de la bande de moulage sur la bande de transport.An apparatus is known for continuously molding a grainy and sticky mass comprising an endless molding strip formed of juxtaposed plates each pierced with a row of holes into which the mass is introduced via a distributor box without bottom in direct contact with the strip. The mass is retained in the holes by an apron on which the strip slides. The mass is then compressed in the holes or cells by a row of pistons. Then the articles, in this case cookies thus molded, are ejected from the holes by other pistons downstream of the apron and they fall onto a transverse conveyor belt which carries them out of the apparatus. Such an apparatus is suitable for molding and handling relatively compact and solid articles which in particular support the fall of the molding strip on the conveyor belt.

La présente invention a pour but de proposer un appareil de ce type qui convienne pour le formage d'articles relativement fragiles composés de particules relativement légères agglomérées avec un liant de manière relativement lâche ou aérée.The object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus of this type which is suitable for forming relatively fragile articles composed of relatively light particles agglomerated with a binder in a relatively loose or aerated manner.

A cet effet, l'appareil selon la présente invention est caractérisé par le fait que ledit dispositif d'alimenta­tion et un dispositif de tassage et éjection sont prévus au-dessus d'une partie inférieure d'une boucle décrite par la bande de formage sans fin, ledit tablier est une bande de transport sans fin accolée sous et alignée avec la bande de formage le long de ladite partie plane inférieure de ladite boucle, lesdites plaques ajourées sont reliées à des chaînes d'entraînement par des sup­ports d'entraînement coulissant sur des axes d'entraîne­ment verticaux fixés aux chaînes, des galets d'entraîne­ment vertical sont prévus sur des axes transversaux solidaires desdits supports d'entraînement, ledit dispo­sitif de tassage et d'éjection comprend ledit éjecteur, un dispositif d'entraînement vertical et horizontal-­retour de l'éjecteur, et un guide d'entraînement vertical destiné à coopérer avec lesdits galets d'entraînement vertical, ledit éjecteur comprend des pistons verticaux adaptés aux ajours de toute une plaque et solidaires d'une cape coulissant sur au moins un axe horizontal verticalement mobile, et ladite cape comporte en outre un bras pivotant d'entraînement horizontal-aller destiné à coopérer avec des doigts d'entraînement horizontal-aller solidaires desdits supports d'entraînement.To this end, the apparatus according to the present invention is characterized in that said feed device and a tamping and ejection device are provided above a lower part of a loop described by the forming strip without end, said apron is an endless conveyor belt attached under and aligned with the forming strip along said lower flat part of said loop, said perforated plates are connected to drive chains by drive supports sliding on vertical drive axes fixed to the chains, vertical drive rollers are provided on transverse axes integral with said drive supports, said compaction and ejection device comprises said ejector, a vertical and horizontal drive device return of the ejector, and a vertical drive guide intended to cooperate with said vertical drive rollers, said ejector comprises vertical pistons adapted s with the openings of an entire plate and integral with a cap sliding on at least one vertically movable horizontal axis, and said cap further comprises a pivoting horizontal-outward drive arm intended to cooperate with horizontal-outward drive fingers integral with said drive supports.

On a constaté qu'avec cet appareil, il était possible de former sans qu'ils s'émiettent des articles agglomérés très fragiles, notamment des articles destinés à être séchés après formage et pour lesquels l'effet liant dudit liant et la résistance à l'écrasement ou au cisaillement desdites particules sont encore très faibles avant séchage. Cet appareil permet en particulier de former de tels articles directement sur la bande de transport qui les transportera au travers d'un appareil de séchage, sans que ces articles doivent subir le moindre choc ou la moindre chute entre le formage et le séchage.It has been found that with this device, it is possible to form very fragile agglomerated articles, without crumbling them, in particular articles intended to be dried after forming and for which the binding effect of said binder and the resistance to 'crushing or shearing of said particles are still very low before drying. This apparatus makes it possible in particular to form such articles directly on the conveyor belt which will transport them through a drying apparatus, without these articles having to undergo the slightest shock or the slightest fall between forming and drying.

Dans le présent appareil, la bande de formage sans fin décrit de préférence une boucle ovale présentant une partie plane inférieure le long de laquelle les plaques ajourées passent successivement sous le dispositif d'ali­mentation, sous un dispositif facultatif de répartition et égalisation puis sous et au travers du dispositif de tassage et éjection. Ladite boucle ovale présente de préférence également une partie plane supérieure le long de laquelle les plaques ajourées reviennent à leur position de départ en amont du dispositif d'alimentation.In the present apparatus, the endless forming strip preferably describes an oval loop having a lower flat part along which the perforated plates pass successively under the feed device, under an optional device for distribution and equalization then under and at through the tamping and ejection device. Said oval loop preferably also has an upper flat part along which the perforated plates return to their starting position upstream of the supply device.

Le tablier formé par ladite bande de transport sans fin se déplace de préférence à la même vitesse et dans le même sens que la bande de formage le long de la partie inférieure plane de ladite boucle. Cette bande de trans­port sans fin s'étend au-delà de l'extrémité aval de ladite partie inférieure plane de ladite boucle.The apron formed by said endless conveyor belt preferably moves at the same speed and in the same direction as the forming band along the flat lower part of said loop. This endless conveyor belt extends beyond the downstream end of said flat lower part of said loop.

Les plaques ajourées de ladite bande de formage peuvent être réalisées de diverses manières. Les ajours peuvent par exemple avoir été percés dans une plaque massive et présenter une forme cylindrique. Dans ce cas, les pistons de l'éjecteur adaptés à ces ajours présentent de préfé­rence également une forme cylindrique de diamètre légère­ment inférieur à celui des ajours.The perforated plates of said forming strip can be produced in various ways. The openwork can for example have been drilled in a massive plate and have a cylindrical shape. In this case, the pistons of the ejector adapted to these openings preferably also have a cylindrical shape with a diameter slightly smaller than that of the openings.

Dans un mode de réalisation préféré, lesdites plaques ajourées sont réalisées sous forme de grilles de type caillebotis. Ce mode de réalisation permet de prévoir des ajours séparés par des parois minces verticales et présentant des ouvertures de formes et dimensions diverses. La forme d'ouverture préférée est cependant la maille carrée qui permet de former des articles individuels cubiques. Dans ce cas, les pistons de l'éjecteur adaptés à ces ajours présentent de préférence également une section horizontale carrée de longueur d'arête légèrement inférieure à celle des ajours.In a preferred embodiment, said perforated plates are produced in the form of gratings of the grating type. This embodiment makes it possible to provide openings separated by vertical thin walls and having openings of various shapes and dimensions. The preferred form of opening is however the mesh square which allows to form individual cubic articles. In this case, the ejector pistons adapted to these openings preferably also have a square horizontal section with edge length slightly less than that of the openings.

Ledit dispositif d'alimentation des alvéoles peut être réalisé par exemple sous forme d'une bande de transport sans fin transversale délivrant une masse de produit particulaire à former dans une trémie disposée au-dessus de la bande de formage à l'extrémité amont de la partie plane inférieure de ladite boucle.Said device for supplying the cells can be produced, for example, in the form of a transverse endless conveyor belt delivering a mass of particulate product to be formed in a hopper disposed above the forming band at the upstream end of the lower flat part of said loop.

Ledit dispositif facultatif de répartition et d'égalisa­tion peut comporter par exemple au moins un îlot de répartition suivi de brosses rotatives et/ou de disques de lissage disposés sur toute la largeur de la bande de formage, au-dessus de celle-ci et en aval dudit poste d'alimentation. Les disques de lissage sont disposés de préférence sur deux rangées, la rangée aval comportant un disque de moins que la rangée amont.Said optional distribution and equalization device can comprise for example at least one distribution island followed by rotary brushes and / or smoothing discs arranged over the entire width of the forming strip, above the latter and in downstream of said feeding station. The smoothing discs are preferably arranged in two rows, the downstream row comprising one less disc than the upstream row.

Ledit dispositif de tassage et éjection est conçu de manière à pouvoir imprimer auxdites plaques ajourées et auxdits éjecteur des mouvements relatifs tels que lesdits articles individuels reposent toujours sur ledit tablier tout au long des opérations de tassage et d'éjection.Said tamping and ejection device is designed so as to be able to impart to said perforated plates and to said ejector relative movements such that said individual articles always rest on said apron throughout the tamping and ejection operations.

C'est ainsi que dans un premier temps, lorsqu'une plaque atteint une position déterminée en aval du dispositif facultatif de répartition et d'égalisation, l'éjecteur entraîné dans un mouvement horizontal-aller par un doigt solidaire du support de la plaque descend et comprime le produit particulaire dans les alvéoles par pénétration partielle des pistons dans les alvéoles.Thus, at first, when a plate reaches a determined position downstream of the optional distribution and equalization device, the ejector driven in a horizontal movement back and forth by a finger secured to the support of the plate descends and compresses the particulate product in the cells by partial penetration of the pistons in the cells.

Dans un deuxième temps, la plaque monte sous l'effet desdits galets d'entraînement vertical qui s'engagent sur le guide d'entraînement vertical, ce dernier étant réalisé de préférence sous forme de plans inclinés situés de part et d'autre de la bande de formage. Ces galets prévus sur des axes transversaux solidaires du support de la plaque font ainsi coulisser verticalement le support le long desdits axes d'entraînement fixés aux chaînes.In a second step, the plate rises under the effect of said vertical drive rollers which engage on the vertical drive guide, the latter being preferably produced in the form of inclined planes located on either side of the forming tape. These rollers provided on transverse axes integral with the support of the plate thus make the support slide vertically along said drive axes fixed to the chains.

Dans un troisième temps, l'éjecteur resté jusque là en position basse où il maintient les articles individuels sur le tablier/bande de transport monte à son tour, se dégage de la plaque et est ramené en position initiale ou d'attente d'où il sera entraîné par un doigt solidaire du support de la plaque suivante. Les articles individuels ainsi dégagés des alvéoles sont transportés hors de l'appareil par la bande de transport sans fin qui a servi de tablier jusque là.In a third step, the ejector which has hitherto remained in the low position where it maintains the individual articles on the apron / conveyor belt rises in turn, is released from the plate and is brought back to the initial or waiting position from where it will be driven by a finger secured to the support of the next plate. The individual articles thus released from the cells are transported out of the apparatus by the endless conveyor belt which has served as an apron until then.

Les mouvements verticaux et le mouvement horizontal-retour de l'éjecteur sont imprimés par ledit dispositif d'entraî­nement vertical et horizontal-retour. Ce dernier disposi­tif peut comprendre d'une part un moyen d'entraînement vertical, tel qu'un moteur à piston pneumatique par exemple, relié audit axe horizontal verticalement mobile sur lequel ladite cape de l'éjecteur coulisse. Ce dispo­sitif peut comprendre d'autre part un moyen d'entraî­nement horizontal, tel qu'un moteur à piston pneumatique par exemple, destiné à repousser ou ramener en position d'attente l'éjecteur qui coulisse sur ledit axe horizontal.The vertical movements and the horizontal-return movement of the ejector are printed by said vertical and horizontal-return drive device. The latter device may comprise on the one hand a vertical drive means, such as a pneumatic piston motor for example, connected to said vertically movable horizontal axis on which said cap of the ejector slides. This device may further comprise a horizontal drive means, such as a pneumatic piston motor for example, intended to push back or bring back to the standby position the ejector which slides on said horizontal axis.

Durant ces différents mouvements, ledit bras pivotant d'entraînement horizontal-aller solidaire de ladite cape de l'éjecteur se trouve soit en position engagée, à savoir en position telle qu'il puisse coopérer avec ou être poussé par les doigts d'entraînement horizontal-­aller solidaires des supports des plaques, soit en position dégagée, à savoir en position telle que l'éjec­teur puisse être ramené ou repoussé en position d'attente. Les pivotements d'une position à l'autre peuvent être imprimés à ce bras par un moyen d'entraînement tel qu'un moteur pneumatique par exemple.During these various movements, said pivoting horizontal drive arm secured to said cap of the ejector is either in the engaged position, namely in a position such that it can cooperate with or be pushed by the horizontal-go drive fingers secured to the plate supports, either in the released position, namely in a position such that the ejector can be brought back or pushed back into the waiting position. The pivotings from one position to the other can be printed on this arm by a drive means such as a pneumatic motor for example.

La commande et la synchronisation de ces différents mouvements peuvent être réalisées par l'intermédiaire d'interrupteurs pneumatiques ou électriques, par exemple, selon la nature des moyens d'entraînement utilisés, disposés à des distances déterminées le long du dispositif de tassage et éjection et actionnés par les mouvements mêmes des supports des plaques et de l'éjecteur.The control and synchronization of these different movements can be carried out by means of pneumatic or electric switches, for example, depending on the nature of the drive means used, arranged at determined distances along the packing and ejection device and actuated by the very movements of the plate supports and the ejector.

L'appareil selon la présente invention est décrit ci-après en référence au dessin annexé dans lequel:

  • la figure 1 représente une vue de côté générale schémati­que d'une forme de réalisation de l'appareil,
  • la figure 2 représente une vue de face schématique du dispositif d'entraînement vertical et horizontal-retour de l'éjecteur de l'appareil selon la figure 1,
  • la figure 3 représente une vue de côté schématique du dispositif d'entraînement vertical et horizontal-retour de l'éjecteur de l'appareil selon la figure 1,
  • la figure 4 représente une vue de côté d'un détail du dispositif de tassage et éjection de l'appareil selon la figure 1,
  • la figure 5 représente une vue de dos en coupe partielle d'un autre détail du dispositif de tassage et éjection de l'appareil selon la figure 1, et
  • la figure 6 représente schématiquement le principe des mouvements relatifs des plaques de formage et de l'éjec­teur de l'appareil.
The apparatus according to the present invention is described below with reference to the appended drawing in which:
  • FIG. 1 represents a general schematic side view of an embodiment of the apparatus,
  • FIG. 2 represents a schematic front view of the vertical and horizontal-return drive device of the ejector of the device according to FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 3 represents a schematic side view of the vertical and horizontal-return drive device of the ejector of the device according to FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 4 represents a side view of a detail of the tamping and ejection device of the apparatus according to FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 5 represents a back view in partial section of another detail of the tamping and ejection device of the device according to FIG. 1, and
  • FIG. 6 schematically represents the principle of the relative movements of the forming plates and the ejector of the device.

La forme de réalisation de l'appareil représentée à la figure 1 comprend une bande de formage sans fin 1 compor­tant des plaques ajourées juxtaposées 2, un tablier 3 accolé sous une partie de la bande de formage 1 et formant des alvéoles avec les ajours desdites plaques 2, un dispositif d'alimentation 4,5 des alvéoles, un dispo­sitif de répartition et égalisation 7-9, et un dispositif de tassage et éjection 10-12.The embodiment of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 comprises an endless forming strip 1 comprising juxtaposed openwork plates 2, an apron 3 joined against part of the forming strip 1 and forming cells with the openings of said plates 2, a device 4.5 for supplying the cells, a distribution and equalization device 7-9, and a tamping and ejection device 10-12.

La bande de formage sans fin 1 décrit une boucle ovale définie par quatre paires de roues d'entraînement 13 dont au moins une est entraînée par un moteur non représenté dont la vitesse de rotation est synchronisée avec un moyen d'entraînement, non représenté, d'un rouleau d'entraînement 14 du tablier 3 réalisé sous forme de bande de transport sans fin. La boucle ovale décrite par la bande de formage 1 présente une partie plane inférieure 15 le long de laquelle les plaques ajourées 2 passent successivement sous le dispositif d'alimentation 4,5, sous le dispositif de répartition et égalisation 7-9 puis sous et au travers du dispositif de tassage et éjection 10-12. Ladite boucle ovale présente également une partie plane supérieure 16 le long de laquelle les plaques ajourées 2 reviennent à leur position de départ en amont du dispositif d'alimentation.The endless forming strip 1 describes an oval loop defined by four pairs of drive wheels 13 at least one of which is driven by a motor not shown, the speed of rotation of which is synchronized with a drive means, not shown, d 'A drive roller 14 of the deck 3 produced in the form of an endless conveyor belt. The oval loop described by the forming strip 1 has a lower flat part 15 along which the perforated plates 2 pass successively under the feed device 4,5, under the distribution and equalization device 7-9 then under and at through the tamping and ejection device 10-12. Said oval loop also has an upper flat part 16 along which the perforated plates 2 return to their starting position upstream of the supply device.

Le tablier formé par la bande de transport sans fin 3 se déplace à la même vitesse et dans le même sens que la bande de formage 1 le long de la partie inférieure plane 15 de ladite boucle. Cette bande de transport sans fin 3 s'étend au-delà de l'extrémité aval de la partie infé­rieure plane 15 de la boucle, de manière à pouvoir transporter sans choc ou chute hors de l'appareil, puis par exemple au travers d'un appareil de séchage, les articles individuels 17 qui ont été formés directement sur elle.The apron formed by the endless conveyor belt 3 moves at the same speed and in the same direction as the forming band 1 along the flat lower part 15 of said loop. This endless conveyor belt 3 extends beyond the downstream end of the flat lower part 15 of the loop, so that it can be transported without shock or fall out of the device, then for example through a drying apparatus, the individual articles 17 which have been formed directly on it.

Le dispositif d'alimentation des alvéoles comprend une bande de transport sans fin transversale 5 débouchant au dessus d'une trémie 4 pour y délivrer une masse de produit particulaire 6 à former. La trémie 4 est disposée au-dessus de la bande de formage 1 à l'extrémité amont de la partie plane inférieure 15 de ladite boucle.The device for feeding the cells comprises a transverse endless conveyor belt 5 opening above a hopper 4 to deliver a mass of particulate product 6 to be formed there. The hopper 4 is arranged above the forming strip 1 at the upstream end of the lower flat part 15 of said loop.

Le dispositif de répartition et égalisation comprend un îlot de répartition 7 présentant vu d'en dessus la forme d'un triangle à pointe dirigée en amont, des brosses rotatives 8 et des disques de lissage rotatifs 9. Les brosses 8 sont au nombre de deux disposées l'une à côté de l'autre en aval de l'îlot 7. Les disques de lissage 9 sont au nombre de trois et disposés en une rangée de un imbriquée dans une rangée de deux couvrant toute la largeur de la bande de formage.The distribution and equalization device comprises a distribution island 7 having seen from above the shape of a triangle with point directed upstream, rotary brushes 8 and rotary smoothing discs 9. There are two brushes 8 arranged one beside the other downstream of the island 7. The smoothing discs 9 are three in number and arranged in a row of one nested in a row of two covering the entire width of the forming strip .

Le dispositif de tassage et éjection comprend un éjecteur 10, un dispositif d'entraînement vertical et horizontal-­retour 11 de l'éjecteur et un guide d'entraînement vertical 12. Ce dispositif est conçu de manière à pouvoir imprimer aux plaques ajourées 2 et à l'éjecteur 10 des mouvements relatifs tels que les articles individuels 17 reposent toujours sur le tablier 3 tout au long des opérations de tassage et d'éjection.The tamping and ejection device comprises an ejector 10, a vertical and horizontal-return drive device 11 for the ejector and a vertical drive guide 12. This device is designed so as to be able to print on the perforated plates 2 and on the ejector 10 of the relative movements such as the individual articles 17 always rest on the deck 3 throughout the tamping and ejection operations.

Comme représenté aux figures 2 et 3, le dispositif d'entraînement vertical et horizontal-retour de l'éjec­teur 10 comprend un moteur pneumatique vertical 18 et un moteur pneumatique horizontal 19.As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the vertical and horizontal-return drive device for the ejector 10 comprises a vertical pneumatic motor 18 and a horizontal pneumatic motor 19.

Le moteur pneumatique horizontal 19 ainsi qu'une paire d'axes horizontaux 21, 22 sont solidaires d'un cadre verticalement mobile 20 entraîné par le moteur pneumati­que vertical 18. Le moteur pneumatique horizontal 19 est destiné à repousser ou ramener en position d'attente l'éjecteur 10 qui coulisse sur les axes horizontaux 21, 22.The horizontal pneumatic motor 19 and a pair of horizontal axes 21, 22 are integral with a vertically movable frame 20 driven by the vertical pneumatic motor 18. The horizontal pneumatic motor 19 is intended to push back or return to the standby position the ejector 10 which slides on the horizontal axes 21, 22.

Le moteur pneumatique vertical 18 est solidaire d'un châssis non représenté de l'appareil. Ce moteur pneumati­que vertical 18 est destiné à faire descendre et remonter l'éjecteur 10 dont les pistons verticaux 23 sont adaptés à et peuvent pénétrer dans les ajours des plaques ajou­rées 2.The vertical pneumatic motor 18 is integral with a chassis, not shown, of the device. This vertical pneumatic motor 18 is intended to lower and raise the ejector 10, the vertical pistons 23 of which are adapted to and can penetrate the openings of the openwork plates 2.

Comme représenté aux figures 4 et 5, les plaques ajourées 2, réalisées ici sous forme de grilles de type caillebotis à mailles carrées, sont reliées à des chaînes d'entraîne­ment 24 par des supports d'entraînement 25 coulissant sur des axes d'entraînement verticaux 26 fixés aux chaînes 24. Chaque plaque 2 présente un support à chacune de ses extrémités latérales, et à chaque côté de la bande de formage correspond une chaîne d'entraînement 24. Chaque chaîne d'entraînement 24 comprend des galets de chaîne 29, des maillons 30 porteurs d'axes d'entraînement verticaux 26 et des maillons classiques 31 fixés aux axes 32 des galets de chaîne 29.As shown in Figures 4 and 5, the perforated plates 2, produced here in the form of grids of the grating type with square meshes, are connected to drive chains 24 by drive supports 25 sliding on vertical drive axes 26 fixed to the chains 24. Each plate 2 has a support at each of its lateral ends, and on each side of the forming strip corresponds a drive chain 24. Each drive chain 24 comprises chain rollers 29, links 30 carrying vertical drive axes 26 and conventional links 31 fixed to the axes 32 of the chain rollers 29.

Des galets d'entraînement vertical 27 sont prévus sur des axes transversaux 28 solidaires des supports d'entraîne­ment 25. Le guide d'entraînement vertical 12 est réalisé sous forme de plans inclinés situés de part et d'autre de la bande de formage. Les plaques 2 peuvent donc monter sous l'effet des galets d'entraînement vertical 27 qui s'engagent sur le guide d'entraînement vertical 12, sans que leur mouvement horizontal s'en trouve modifié. Les galets de chaîne 29 continuent en effet à rouler le long d'un guide de chaîne 33 horizontal lorsque les supports 25 montent en coulissant sur les axes d'entraînement verticaux 26.Vertical drive rollers 27 are provided on transverse axes 28 integral with the drive supports 25. The vertical drive guide 12 is produced in the form of inclined planes located on either side of the forming strip. The plates 2 can therefore mount under the effect of the vertical drive rollers 27 which engage on the vertical drive guide 12, without their horizontal movement being modified. The chain rollers 29 indeed continue to roll along a horizontal chain guide 33 when the supports 25 slide up on the vertical drive axes 26.

L'éjecteur 10 comprend des pistons verticaux 23 présentant une section horizontale carrée adaptée aux ajours carrés des plaques ou grilles 2. Les pistons 23 peuvent donc pénétrer dans les alvéoles 34 formées par le tablier/bande sans fin 3 accolé sous les plaques ou grilles 2. L'éjec­teur comprend autant de pistons verticaux 23 que chaque plaque ou grille 2 compte d'ajours ou mailles. Les pistons 23 sont solidaires d'une cape 35 coulissant sur les axes horizontaux verticalement mobiles 21, 22 repré­sentés aux figures 2 et 3. La cape 35 comporte en outre un bras pivotant 36 d'entraînement horizontal-aller destiné à coopérer avec des doigts d'entraïnement hori­zontal-aller 37 solidaires des supports d'entraînement 25. Les pivotements de ce bras 36 entre les positions engagée et dégagée, à savoir entre les positions de coopération ou de non coopération avec les doigts 37, sont imprimés par un moteur pneumatique non représenté.The ejector 10 comprises vertical pistons 23 having a square horizontal section adapted to the square apertures of the plates or grids 2. The pistons 23 can therefore penetrate into the cells 34 formed by the endless apron / strip 3 attached under the plates or grids 2 The ejector comprises as many vertical pistons 23 as each plate or grid 2 has openings or meshes. The pistons 23 are integral with a cap 35 sliding on the vertically movable horizontal axes 21, 22 shown in Figures 2 and 3. The cap 35 further comprises a pivoting arm 36 of horizontal-go drive intended to cooperate with fingers of 'horizontal drive going 37 integral with the drive supports 25. The pivotings of this arm 36 between the engaged and released positions, namely between the cooperation or non-cooperation positions with the fingers 37, are printed by a non-pneumatic motor represented.

Comme représenté à la figure 6, les mouvements relatifs des plaques de formage 2 et de l'éjecteur 10 peuvent être décomposés en trois temps essentiels qui sont illustrés à l'aide des quatre positions relatives A-D. En position A l'éjecteur 10 est en position d'attente au-dessus de la bande de formage au moment précis où le doigt d'entraîne­ment solidaire du support d'entraînement de la plaque 2 entre en coopération ou contact avec le bras pivotant d'entraînement solidaire de la cape de l'éjecteur 10.As shown in Figure 6, the relative movements of the forming plates 2 and the ejector 10 can be broken down into three essential times which are illustrated using the four relative positions AD. In position A the ejector 10 is in the standby position above the forming strip at the precise moment when the drive finger secured to the drive support of the plate 2 comes into cooperation or contact with the pivoting drive arm secured ejector cover 10.

Dans une premier temps, de la position A à la position B, l'éjecteur 10 descend et comprime le produit particulaire 6 dans les alvéoles 34 par pénétration partielle des pistons 23 dans les alvéoles.Firstly, from position A to position B, the ejector 10 descends and compresses the particulate product 6 in the cells 34 by partial penetration of the pistons 23 in the cells.

Dans un deuxième temps, de la position B à la position C, la plaque 2 monte et se dégage des articles individuels 17 alors que ceux-ci sont maintenus sur le tablier/bande de transport 3 par les pistons 23 restés en position basse.In a second step, from position B to position C, the plate 2 rises and clears from the individual articles 17 while these are held on the apron / conveyor belt 3 by the pistons 23 which remain in the low position.

Dans un troisième temps, de la position C à la position D et retour à la position A, l'éjecteur 10 monte à son tour, se dégage de la plaque 2 et est ramené en position initiale ou d'attente d'où il sera entraîné par le doigt d'entraînement solidaire du support d'entraînement de la plaque de formage suivante. Les articles individuels formés 17 ainsi dégagés des alvéoles sans le moindre choc sont transportés hors de l'appareil par la bande de transport sans fin qui a servi jusque là de tablier 3.In a third step, from position C to position D and return to position A, the ejector 10 rises in turn, disengages from plate 2 and is brought back to the initial or standby position from where it will be driven by the drive finger integral with the drive support of the next forming plate. The individual articles formed 17 thus released from the cells without the slightest shock are transported out of the apparatus by the endless conveyor belt which has previously served as apron 3.

La commande et la synchronisation des différents mouve­ments imprimés par les différents moyens d'entraînement décrits en référence aux figures 1-6 sont réalisés par l'intermédiaire d'interrupteurs pneumatiques disposés à des distances déterminées le long du dispositif de tassage et éjection 10-12 et actionnés par les mouvements mêmes de l'éjecteur 10 et des supports 25 des plaques de formage 2.The control and synchronization of the various movements printed by the various drive means described with reference to FIGS. 1-6 are carried out by means of pneumatic switches arranged at determined distances along the compaction and ejection device 10-12 and actuated by the very movements of the ejector 10 and the supports 25 of the forming plates 2.

Claims (5)

1. Appareil de formage d'articles individuels composés de particules agglomérées avec un liant, comprenant une bande de formage sans fin (1) comportant des plaques ajourées juxtaposée (2), un tablier (3) accolé sous une partie de la bande de formage (1) et formant des alvéoles avec les ajours desdites plaques (2), un dispositif d'alimentation (4, 5) des alvéoles, et un éjecteur (10) comportant des pistons adaptés auxdits ajours, caractéri­sé par le fait que ledit dispositif d'alimentation (4, 5) et un dispositif de tassage et éjection (10-12) sont prévus au-dessus d'une partie plane inférieure (15) d'une boucle décrite par la bande de formage sans fin (1), ledit tablier est une bande de transport sans fin (3) accolée sous et alignée avec ladite partie plane infé­rieure (15) de la bande de formage (l), lesdites plaques ajourées (2) sont reliées à des chaînes d'entraînement (24) par des supports d'entraînement (25) coulissant sur des axes d'entraînement verticaux (26) fixés aux chaînes (24), des galets d'entraînement vertical (27) sont prévus sur des axes transversaux (28) solidaires desdits supports d'entraînement (25), ledit dispositif de tassage et éjection comprend ledit éjecteur (10), un dispositif d'entraînement vertical et horizontal-retour (11) de l'éjecteur, et un guide d'entraînement vertical (12) destiné à coopérer avec lesdits galets d'entraînement vertical (27), ledit éjecteur (10) comprend des pistons verticaux (23) adaptés aux ajours (34) de toute une plaque (2) et solidaires d'une cape (35) coulissant sur au moins un axe horizontal verticalement mobile (21, 22) et ladite cape (35) comporte en outre un bras pivotant d'entraînement horizontal-aller (36) destiné à coopérer avec des doigts d'entraînement horizontal-aller (37) solidaires desdits supports d'entraînement (25).1. Apparatus for forming individual articles composed of particles agglomerated with a binder, comprising an endless forming strip (1) comprising juxtaposed openwork plates (2), an apron (3) joined under a part of the forming strip (1) and forming cells with the openings of said plates (2), a device (4, 5) for supplying the cells, and an ejector (10) comprising pistons adapted to said openings, characterized in that said device feed (4, 5) and a tamping and ejection device (10-12) are provided above a lower flat part (15) of a loop described by the endless forming strip (1), said apron is an endless conveyor belt (3) attached under and aligned with said lower flat part (15) of the forming band (l), said perforated plates (2) are connected to drive chains (24) by drive supports (25) sliding on vertical drive pins (26) fixed to the chains (24 ), vertical drive rollers (27) are provided on transverse axes (28) integral with said drive supports (25), said compaction and ejection device comprises said ejector (10), a vertical drive device and horizontal-return (11) of the ejector, and a vertical drive guide (12) intended to cooperate with said vertical drive rollers (27), said ejector (10) comprises vertical pistons (23) adapted to the openings (34) of a whole plate (2) and integral with a cap (35) sliding on at least one vertically movable horizontal axis (21, 22) and said cap (35) further comprises a pivoting arm for horizontal drive go (36) intended to cooperate with horizontal-go drive fingers (37) integral with said drive supports (25). 2. Appareil selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que lesdites plaques ajourées (2) sont réalisées sous forme de grilles de type caillebotis.2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that said perforated plates (2) are made in the form of gratings of the grating type. 3. Appareil selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que ledit guide d'entraînement vertical (12) est réalisé sous forme de plans inclinés situés de part et d'autre de la bande de formage.3. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that said vertical drive guide (12) is produced in the form of inclined planes located on either side of the forming strip. 4. Appareil selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comprend en outre un dispositif de répartition et égalisation (7-9) entre le dispositif d'alimentation (4, 5) et le dispositif de tassage et éjection (10-12).4. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a distribution and equalization device (7-9) between the feed device (4, 5) and the compaction and ejection device (10- 12). 5. Appareil selon la revendication 4, caractérisé par le fait que ledit dispositif de répartition et égalisation comprend au moins un îlot de répartition (7) suivi de brosses tournantes (8) et/ou de disques de lissage (9).5. Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that said distribution and equalization device comprises at least one distribution island (7) followed by rotating brushes (8) and / or smoothing discs (9).
EP88108555A 1987-06-25 1988-05-28 Forming machine Expired - Lifetime EP0298244B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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AT88108555T ATE55087T1 (en) 1987-06-25 1988-05-28 SHAPING MACHINE.

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CH2392/87A CH671730A5 (en) 1987-06-25 1987-06-25
CH2392/87 1987-06-25

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EP0298244B1 EP0298244B1 (en) 1990-08-01

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EP (1) EP0298244B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS6430569A (en)
AT (1) ATE55087T1 (en)
BR (1) BR8803075A (en)
CA (1) CA1313473C (en)
CH (1) CH671730A5 (en)
DE (1) DE3860381D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2009015A6 (en)
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Cited By (6)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0985503A1 (en) * 1998-09-09 2000-03-15 Ronflette S.A. A plant for ceramic dry-state decoration and forming
EP1925441A1 (en) * 2006-11-24 2008-05-28 Abbott GmbH & Co. KG Apparatus and method for forming mouldings from a formable mass
WO2008062054A2 (en) * 2006-11-24 2008-05-29 Abbott Gmbh & Co. Kg Device and method for forming moulded bodies from a mouldable mass
WO2008062054A3 (en) * 2006-11-24 2008-07-17 Abbot Gmbh & Co Kg Device and method for forming moulded bodies from a mouldable mass
US8277212B2 (en) 2006-11-24 2012-10-02 Abbott Gmbh & Co. Kg High power rotational cycle moulding method and device
US8568127B2 (en) 2006-11-24 2013-10-29 AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG Device and method for forming moulded bodies from a mouldable mass

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE55087T1 (en) 1990-08-15
EP0298244B1 (en) 1990-08-01
CH671730A5 (en) 1989-09-29
MY103578A (en) 1993-08-28
PT87786A (en) 1989-05-31
PT87786B (en) 1993-09-30
US4936200A (en) 1990-06-26
CA1313473C (en) 1993-02-09
JPH04625B2 (en) 1992-01-08
DE3860381D1 (en) 1990-09-06
US5011641A (en) 1991-04-30
JPS6430569A (en) 1989-02-01
BR8803075A (en) 1989-01-10
ZA884058B (en) 1988-12-21
ES2009015A6 (en) 1989-08-16

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