US2177607A

US2177607A - Apparatus for making roofing tile

Info

Publication number: US2177607A
Application number: US94184A
Authority: US
Inventors: Brown Davis; Joseph B Peebles; Burchfiel Bruner Moore
Original assignee: BROWN
Current assignee: BROWN
Priority date: 1936-08-04
Filing date: 1936-08-04
Publication date: 1939-10-24
Anticipated expiration: 1956-10-24

Description

Oct. 24, 1939.

D. BRQWN El AL APPARATUS FOR MAKING ROOFING TILE Fiied Aug. 4, 1936 5 Sheets-Sheet l Oct. 24, 1939. D. BROWN ET AL APPARATUS FOR MAKING ROOFING TILE Filed Aug. 4, 1936 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Oct. 24, 1939. D. BROWN ET AL APPARATUS FOR MAKING ROOFING TILE Filed Aug. 4, 1936 5 Sheets-sheaf 3 Oct. 24, 1939. D. BROWN ET AL APPARATUS FOR MAKINGROOFING TILE 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed Aug. 4, 1936 Oct. 24, 1939. 4 D BROWN L 2,177,607

APPARATUS FOR MAKING ROOFING TILE Filed Aug. 4, 1936 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Patented Oct. 24, 1939 2,177,607 I APPARATUS FOR MAKING ROOFING TILE Davis Brown and Joseph B. Peeblee, Loo Angelou, and Bruner Moore Burchiiel, Glendale, Colin: said Peeblel and said Burohiiei alsignors to said Brown Application August 4, 1936, Serial No. 94,184

Our invention relates to a roofing tile having a longitudinal edge interlocking between adjacent tile, such interlock being of a type in which the drainage or seepage of water at the longitudiml tile Joints is carried downward in part of the interlocking'construction and thus drains on to the lower tiles of a roof. Another feature of our invention as to the tile is in providing a sealed end closure for a tile with ribs on its underside,

1 such closure thus when interfitted by an overlap with other tiles prevents seepage of water upward in the grooves formed between the ribs" on the underside of the tile and also permits a lesser overlap of the tiles. Another feature involving the sealed end and the interlocking channel of adjacent tiles is in having the channel terminate slightly short of the sealed end so that an ad jacent tile has its sealed end extend over and below the end of the channel used for interlocking the adjacent tile.

A characteristic therefore of our invention as it relates to the tile, is that each individual tile has a series of longitudinal ribs on its underside thus forming grooves between the ribs. At the margin or longitudinal side of each tile a longitudinal channel is formed and the edge of the ad- Jacent tile has a downtumed partial rib which interfits with the said channel. In addition the lower end of each tile is rounded over forming a seal across the ribs. This gives a convex curve to the lower end of each tile considered on a longitudinal section and thus forms with the ribs flat undersurface portions to fit on the flat top of an under tile. The sealed lower end of each tile where it is turned downwardly engages over the end of the marginal channel of the adjacent tile, such channel being slightly shorter than the total length of the tile.

A further object and feature'of our invention is in the method of manufacturing tile in a continuous and in effect, automatic manner. In this a ribbon of clay is forced through a suitable extruding machine which forms the ribbon with continuous longitudinal ribs on its underside, these ribs being all of the .same depth. In addition at one edge there is a partial rib, this being about half the depth of the other ribs. On the other margin a channel is formed facing upwardly and this has a longitudinal rim on its outer underside of the main body of the rib. A further edge, such rim terminating in a plane of the after a predetermined amount of such ribbon has been fed on to the carriage and then the cutting of the ribbon to form both ends of the tile and the sealed end is done in one operation, this operation also cutting off a short waste strip. The cutting 5 is done during a longitudinal motion of the cutters and the press for sealing the end so that the longitudinal speed of these cutters equals the iongitudinal speed of the ribbon of clay. Thus, in the action of cutting the ribbon into tile lengths, 10 a notch is cut out of one corner at the end of the interlocking channel, the lower end of each tile is sealed or rounded off, this also forming a short waste strip, the opposite end is cut by a shear cut transverse to the clay ribbon and at the same 15 time nail holes are punched adjacent the upper edge of the tile.

Another object and feature of our invention relates to the machine for forming the tile. In this machine certain old devices are used such as 20 a known construction for extruding a ribbon of clay, the extruded ribbon being forced longitudinally over a reciprocating carriage which carriage is given an initial impulse near the extrusion portion of the assembly and takes up a 25 speed of longitudinal movement equal to that of the ribbon of clay. The carriage is provided with cutters automatically operated to cut the ribbon while it is moving and in the same operation to sever a short length forming a waste length, this being variable.

In this general type of machine one of the improvements embodied in this invention is in the assembly of vertically reciprocating cutters and dies for severing the ribbon into lengths and then pressing one end of a shingle length downwardly, that is, forcing the web portion of the shingle down at the ends of the ribs to form the end seal, this being operated by a hydraulic engine which has an oscillating action. One of the difllculties 4o encountered in prior machines having cutters not operated by oscillating engines is the abrupt stop at the end of the stroke, but with our improved engine a cushioning action is obtained which decelerates the cutters at the end of their as stroke, thus reducing the vibration and impact of the cutter mechanism. Another feature of our invention relates to a valve control for the oscillating engine, this being actuated by the reciprocating carriage through the medium of an os- 5o cillating arm having a pawl and ratchet and a gear drive to an eccentric, this eccentric by means of a link operating the control valve for the oscillating engine. Other detail features of the machine involve the construction of combination 5;

' dash-pots and impulse cylinders for imparting the initial starting movement of the carriage together with a return action cylinder for moving the carriage back to its initial position after the completion of the stroke and the cutting of the shingle.

Our invention is illustrated in connection with the accompanying drawings, in-which:

Fig. i is a side elevation of the machine assembly taken in the direction-of the-arrow I of Fig. 3 or 6, this showing the carriage in the initial position at the start of its longitudinal movement with the ribbon of clay and in which the cutters are illustrated elevated.

Fig. 2 is a side elevation similar to Fig. 1 but showing the carriage at the end or finish of its stroke and as it is about to be returned to its initial position, the cutting being completed and the cutters again elevated.

Fig. 3 is a plan of a portion of the machine showing the part of the carriage taken in the direction of the arrow 3 of Fig. 4, omitting how- 'ever, the hydraulic operating mechanism.

Fig. 4 is a vertical longitudinal section on the line 44 of Fig. 3 taken in the direction of the arrows showing part of the oscillating hydraulic motor in elevation and a portion of the cutters and dies for forming the shingle, these being in tiles on the line m4: of Fig.15 in the direction an elevated position.

Fig. 5 is a partial longitudinal section similar to Fig. 4 but showing the cutters and dies in their lowermost position when severing and diepressing the shingle end.

Fig. 6 is an end elevation taken in the direction of the arrow 8 of Fig. 3 or 4 illustrating principally an end view of the hydraulic engine and the cutter and die-pressing and severing assembly.

Fig. 7 is a detail transverse section on the line '|-'I of Fig. 4 of the engine showing details of the engine broken away. y

Fig. 8 is a longitudinal section of the engine on a reduced scale taken on the line 8-8 of Fig. 6 or '7.

Fig. 9 is a detail of the engine showing features of the ports of the engine, such figure being taken substantially on the line 9-9 of Fig. 7.

Fig. 10 is a detail vertical longitudinal section on the line iii-l0 of Fig. 11 partly broken away showing the upper surface and the channel at one side. I

Fig. 14 is a perspective reverse view of the tile showing the full ribs, the half rib on one edge and the underside of the channel.

Fig. 15 is a plan of an assembly of tiles in a roofing.

Fig. 16 is a transverse section of two. adjacent of the arrows.

Our invention as it relates to the tile is illustrated particularly in Figs. 13 through 16 in which the individual tile is indicated by the numeral II. This is formed from a continuously molded ribbon of clay which has a web l2 with swam formed, there being a narrow groove .il

such marginal half rib or rim and the next adjacent full rib II. It will thus be seen that the upper surface of the ribbon presents a smooth surface of the web of the tile except that on one margin there is formed a longitudinal channel l'l, this being on the side opposite that having the half rib or rim II. This channel has a marginal half rib or rim IS. The base or underside ll of the channel is on the same plane as the bottom edge 20 of the main ribs i3 so that the half rim or rib I8 is approximately the same in vertical measurement as the half'rib or rim II on the opposite side of the ribbon. The inner face-2i of the channel I1 is thus in eflect a portion of the side face of a rib. It will be understood that as the ribbon of clay is extruded in a continuous operation that the web, the various interior ribs, the marginal rim I! on one side and the channel structure H on the opposite side are formed in a continuous manner and that the individual tiles are made by cutting into proper lengths. In this cutting a transverse cut is made which forms the upper end 25 of an individual tile, this severing the web, the various'internal ribs, the marginal rim l5 and the channel structure II. This cut is at right angles to the plane of the ribbon. Hie lower end of the tile is formed with a sealed end 26. This is made by die-pressing the web portion downwardly forming connected cross blocks 21 between the ribs and also partially widening or spreading the ends of the ribs l3 adjacent their lower end as indicated at 28. The characteristic of the sealed end 28 is that it has a convex rounded curvature 29 merging with the top surface of the web [2 and this convex curve or nose merges into a sloping end edge iii which forms an obtuse angle-with the plane of the web of the tile. The sealed end has a transverse under edge 3| which is in the same plane as the bottom it of the channel and of the lower edges 20 of the main ribs l3.

In the same operation in which the sealed end is die-pressed in shape, a notch 35 is formed at the lower end of the channel structure ll. This is done by making a transverse out which severs the half rib or rim l8 of the channel, the bottom of the channel leaving an end face 36. This action also makes an end cut 31 in a portion of the lateral rib 38. There is also a longitudinal cut 39 made in this rib from the sealed end 28. This leaves a right angular corner til at the transverse cut of the channel I! at its end face 36 and the side face 39 cut in therib 38.

To interfit with this the rim it joins with the sealed end 26 on a junction line ll which is positioned slightly above the lower edge ll of the sealed end as shown in Fig. 14. It will be noted that in forming the ribs, the center ribs [3 have a small fillet 42 where they join the web i2. The rib 38 adjacent the channel II has a larger fillet or sloping side wall 43. Also the rib M which is adjacent the groove I also has a large fillet I5 or sloping inner edge. This construction at the the nail holes may be made much closer to the upper end of the tile than in the usual tile as it is not necessary to have such an overlap of. the tiles when laid up on a roof.

In setting up the tiles they interfit as shown in Fig. 16 in which it will be seen that the rim I5 on one side of a tile fits in the channel I I on the edge portion of an adjacent tile. It will be noted that the rim I8 on the outside of the channel II, being of half the rib heighth, substantially engages the underslde of the web I2 whereas the edge of the rim I5 substantially engages the bottom of the channel II. The outside of the rim I5 is in close engagement with the longitudinal edge surface 2| of the channel I1 and the rim I8 is in close engagement with the rib 44 of an adjacent tile.

The corner portion of the sealed end 26 of the tile at its junction with the rib I 5 fits in the notch 35 formed by cutting the channel I! a shorter length than the main body of the tile so this gives a seal across the end of the channel II. Therefore any water seeping between adjacent tiles and flowing down this channel is directed downwardly onto the tiles immediately below in a roof structure.

Our invention, so far as the machine assembly is concerned, has the following main features in which an extruding machine 50 extrudes through a die 5| forming a ribbon of clay 52. This is received by a transfer table 53 mounted on a substantial frame structure 54. This frame structure forms a mounting and track for the carriage designated by the assembly numeral 55. The carriage is mounted on wheels in the usual manner to facilitate its reciprocating movement. The shingles after being formed are conveyed from the machine by an out-feeding conveyor 56, this travelling at a higher rate of speed than the ribbon of clay to lead the cut tiles quickly away from the machine.

Certain characteristics of the carriage 55 is that this has a carriage bed 51 with marginal guides 58 and 59 (note Fig. 6), these being formed of angle-irons and between such angle-irons there are longitudinal straps 60 which'fit the grooves between the main rib. There is also a side strap M with a, longitudinal recessed edge 62 which accommodates the marginal rim I5. These straps and the angles have a somewhat pointed end 63 to facilitate feeding the ribbon of clay over these straps. The straps have a slightly beveled end 64 remote from the end 63. The machine is provided with a cutting and die-pressing assembly 65. This has an upper frame 66 supported on four vertically reciprocating rods 61, these being connected to longitudinal angles 68 forming part of the top frame 66, this frame being adjustable on these rods. The rods pass downwardly through tubular guides 69 forming part of the carriage bed or secured thereto in any suitable manner. The lower ends of these rods are connected to a lower frame I0. This frame has longitudinal angles II and cross or transverse angles I2.

The cutters include a transverse severing blade 15 which is illustrated as secured to a transverse angle-iron F6 extending between the lon itud nal angles 68 of the top frame 66 and is adjustabe longitudinally to regulate the length of the t le. Punches I! are also secured to the angle-iron 16 to punch the nail holes.

The die 80 for forming the sealed end on the tile has a sloping blade 8| depending from a cross strap 82 located between the longitudinal angles II. This blade slopes at an angle upwardly and towards the severing blade I5 and forms the main portion of the end seal 26 giving the' slope to the end 30 and by the downward flow of clay adjacent the top surface of the web forms the convex curve 29. This die has a longitudinally extending blade section 82' and an outwardly extending shearing blade 83 which forms the notch 36. The longitudinal shearing part 82' cuts the longitudinal cut 39 of the notch and the outwardly extending shearing blade 83 gives the transverse cut 36 and 37 atthe end of the channel structure I1. Forming the notch causes a sl ght waste in the clay ribbon forming the tile.

The cutter assembly with the blade and the end seal forming die is vertically reciprocated by an oscillating engine 85. This engine has a crank shaft 86 extending therethrough with a crank 87 on each end. From each crank there depends a connecting rod 88 which is pivotally connected at 89 to a cross or transverse angle I2 which angles form in eifect a cross head. The engine has two similar end heads 90 (note particularly Figs. 6. 7, 8 and 9) which have a supporting base 9I bolted to a cross channel 92 which forms part of the machine carriage. Between these heads there is a ring 93 cylindrical on its inside surface, this ring fitting against shoulders 94 of the end heads and the assembly being attached by bolts 95. Secured to the lower part of the ring 93 there is a somewhat triangular abutment block 96 which has a lower circular edge 91 fitted on the inside of the ring and radial edges 98. This abutment has an upper curved edge 99 which has a close operating fit with the center hub I of the crank shaft 86. The abutment 96 is attached to the ring 93 by bolts IN. The two opposite radial edges 98 have a transverse recess I02. This construction forms a cylinder space I03 defined by the inside of the ring 93 and the radial edges 98 of the abutment block 96 and the engine heads 90. A radial piston I04 is secured to the hub I00.

The ports on both sides of the abutment block 96 are the same, there being a main port I I 0 lead ing through a head 90. A fluid duct II I extends longitudinally and then somewhat radially outwardly as indicated at II2, having an opening H3 at a boss H4, in which boss there is threaded a hydraulic supply and exhaust pipe II5. A secondary port H6 is positioned to lead through a head 90 into one end of the recess I02 and partly into the space outside of the radial face 98 of the block 96. From this port there is a longitudinal duct H1 and a somewhat radial duct II 8, this communicating with the duct I I I which leads to the main port IIO. A valve plug H9 in the form of a bolt is threaded in a perforation I20 in the head and intersects the end of the duct III. Thus by adjusting the valve plug II9 by the bolt and lock nut I2I (note Fig. 9), the fiow of 'fiuid through the port I I6 may be regulated.

The two supply pipes II have elbows I22 and than are two longitudinal pipes I23 and I24 (note Figures 1 and 2), which are supported in the carriage and from each of these there is a fiexble hose I25 and I28 leading to couplings I21 and I28 of a control valve I29. This valve may be of the usual character and has an inlet connection I30 from a hydraulic pump and return I3I to the pump or a reservoir. The geared operation of the valve I29 has an assembly I35 in which a housing I36 has a main shaft I37 mounted therein on which shaft there is a loosely mounted lever I38 operating through a slot I39 in the housing (note Figs. and 11). This lever has carriage.

a deep notch I40 and a stop abutment I4I. A pin I42 on the carriage engages the notch. The lever in its movement of oscillation between the positions shown in Figs. 1 and 2 positions the notch as in Fig. 2 to be engaged by the pin on the return movement of the carriage. A fixed bracket I43 has a set screw I44 to engage the abutment HI and thus adjust the movement of the lever I38. 'A pawl I45 is pivoted on the lever and operates a ratchet I48 which has a gear I41 secured thereto, both being mounted on the shaft I31. This gear meshes with a pinion I48 on the pinion shaft I40, this pinion carrying an eccentric I50 from which eccentric an adjustable link I5I operates the valve plunger I52, thus controlling the flow of hydraulic fluid to and from the oscillating engine 85.

The mechanism for initiating the movement of the carriage with the ribbon of clay and the return of the carriage at the end of its stroke'may be arranged somewhat in the manner of the patent application to Davis Brown for Automatic brick and tile cutter, Ser. No. 44,727, filed October 12, 1935, matured to Patent No. 2,058,663 issued October 27, 1936. In this we employ a rotary timing wheel I60. This is mounted on a lever I6I fulcrumed at I62 on a stand I63 extending upwardly from the frame of the machine and having a counterweight I64. This measuring or timing wheel has an electric timer connected thereto, the wheel being rotated by the web of the ribbon of clay. This timer is electrically connected to a solenoid I65 (note Figs. 1 and 2) which operates a bell crank I66, of which one end I61 operates the valve plunger I68. The opposite end I69 is positioned to be engaged by an abutment I10 on the carriage. The valve plunger controls a valve "I which regulates the operation of a cylinder I12 having a plunger I13. This plunger is forced outwardly to engage the abutment I10 and return the carriage to its initial or starting position. This assembly may be designated as the carriage return mechanism. A combination dashpot and initial impulse mechanism I15 (note Figures 1 and 12) has a cylinder I16 with a plunger I11 therein, this plunger engaging a second abutment I18 on the A hydraulic fluid pipe I18 leads from this cylinder to a storage tank under hydraulic pressure and is interconnected with the supply pipe, not illustrated, to the valve Hi, this valve having waste connections I and ii. The general action of the hydraulic impulse mechanisms for starting and returning the carriage thus employs the cylinder I15 acting as a dashpot when the carriage is returned to its initial position by the action of the plunger I13 being pushed out. When this plunger I13 is retracted, the plunger I11 of the first impulse mechanism is forced outwardly starting the carriage on its work stroke. This is only a starting impulse as the friction of the ribbon of clay over the carriage causes the carriage to move at the same rate of speed as the clay. The timing wheel I60 with its electric timer operating the solenoid I65 thus controls the return movement of the carriage and hence the timing of the initial movement.

The operation of cutting the tile and die-.

pressing the end is substantially as follows: When the carriage is given its initial movement from the position shown in Fig. 1 towards that of Fig. 2, the oscillation of the arm I38 of the gear con.- trol I35 is sufficient to rotate the eccentric I50 one half a turn, thus operating the valve plunger I52 and actuating the control valve 28. This has a flexible; hose connection to the oscillating engine 85. Presuming the piston' I04 is at one extreme of its stroke as shown in Fig. 7, the side face ofthe piston has one of the ports IIO c1osed at this instance, this being a pressure or inlet port, the opposite similar port being an exhaust. However pressure fluid is .by-passed from the large duct III (note Fig. 9) through the ducts I I8 and H1 to the small port I I6, 9. part of which port is always uncovered by the recess I02. This gives an initial action of starting the piston in one direction of movement, this giving a relatively slow acceleration. Then when the port II 0 is uncovered due to the movement of the piston, the full hydraulic pressure is exerted on the pressure face of such piston, giving a quick and powerful stroke for rotating the crank shaft 86 and thereby either. moving the cutter mechanism downwardly or upwardly. This operates in one direction at each half oscillation of the piston and crank shaft.

The cushioning action to secure a gradual deceleration is caused by the piston I04 when adjacent the end of its stroke, cutting off the main port IIO which is functioning at the moment as an exhaust. This causes a trapping of fluid between the face of the piston and one of the faces 08 of the block 86. However such fluid is forced outwardly through the recess I02 and through the small port II6, the by-pass ducts H1 and H8 into the main ducts III and H2. Such action therefore reduces the jar at both ends of the vertical stroke of the cutting mechanism mounted on the carriage and travelling therewith.

In this cutting action the transverse cutter blade 15 is brought down at predetermined periods during which time a ribbon of the clay has been fed, thus giving a' series of cuts, two of which are indicated at I in Fig. 5. At the same time the die cutter 80 makes a severance cut I86 as well as die-pressing the end of the tile. Thus there is a small waste piece I81 left between the severance I86 and the transverse cut I85. This waste piece also includes the small waste block cut out at the notch 35. This waste piece drops through an opening and is not fed on the out-feeding conveyor belt 56.

An important feature from the construction and operational standpoint relates to the die designated by the assembly numeral 80 illustrated for instance in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 and 6. Such die has an upwardly and rearwardly sloping blade 8i, this sloping towards the rear severing blade 15. The cutting edge of this sloping blade is horizontal and thus parallel to the bed of the carriage. However the sloping part of this blade does not extend the full width of the clay ribbon from which the tile is formed and cut but at the left hand end considered facing in a forward direction of the movement of the ribbon, there is a longitudinally extending blade section 82' which is vertical as clearly shown in Fig. 6. At the rear end of this latter blade there is the shearing blade 83 which is also vertical as shown in Figs. 3 and 4. Thus in the operation as shown in connection with Fig. 5, the shearing blade 15 cuts through the ribbon of clay, making a vertical cut and completely severing the web and the various ribs. The action of the die and in particular the sloping blade 8| in its downward movement engages the ribbon back of the right hand out I85 shown in Fig. 5. On account of the rearwardly and upwardly inclined slope of 2,177,007- wardly and the ends of the ribs :0, note m. 14,

must be expanded and this expanding action is taken care of by the beveled ends 84 of the longitudinal straps ill forming a slight fillet shown in P18. 14. The characteristics of the action of the longitudinal blade 82' and the cross blade 83 is at the same time to form a longitudinal cut in the clay forming the surface 19 shown inFig. 13

and to make the cut crosswise at the right angular corner ll, leaving exposed the surfaces II and 31. This cuts out' the notch designated as ll, Fig. 18. Inthis action the cutting edges at the bottom. of the die, that is. the cutting edge of the sloping blade 8| and of the blades 82' and 83 are all on the same level and thus cut through the web, the ribs and the channel structure giving the formation at the end of the tile shown in Figs. 13 and 14 and developing a slight waste strip I81 which includes the portion cut out to form the notch 35. a I a Various changes may be made in the details of the construction without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

We claim:

1. In a machine for making roofing tile in which a shaping means shapes the material of a tile to form a web exposed to the weather and spacing ribs under the web to support the tile on a roof structure, the combination of a movable transverse die having a bottom cutting edge parallel to the web'and a pressure face sloping upwardly and rearwardly, that is, towards the body of the tile from the transverse edge, means to press said die downwardly to engage the top surface of the web, the edge forming a transverse cut through the web and the pressure face distorting or depressing a portion of the web adjacent thereto downwardly to fill" the end spaces between the ribs and the web. thesaid die at the same time producing a small waste piece the tile material.

2. In a machine for making roofing tile as claimed in claim 1, a plurality of' longitudinal straps positioned underneath the web and fitting between the ribs and the web of the tile material, such straps having a bevel at their forward edge whereby the die in distorting the web also distorts the ends of the ribs forming a fillet at the beveled edge of the straps adjoining the web and the ribs.

3. In a machine for making roofing tile in which a tile material is shaped to have a web for exposure to the weather and a pluralityof longitudinally extending ribs on the underside to support the tile on a roof with spaces together with an upwardly faced channel along one edge, the combination of a die having a bottom cutting edge parallel to the web and an upwardly and rearwardly sloping pressure face sloping from the edge towards the body of the tile, the die at one end having a longitudinal and a transverse severing blade connectedtto the sloping face of the die and having their cutting edges in alignment with the bottom edge of the die, and means to 1 reciprocate the die and thereby sever the web which a ribbon of clay is continuously extruded and shaped and having means for forming a tile with a continuous web to form a weather surface and with ribs with grooves between the ribs to thereby space the web from a roof when the tiles are so set up in a roof, the combination of a movable tile cutting implement including a rearward transverse cutting blade to sever the ribbon and a forward die with a blade sloping upwardly and rearwardly from its bottom cutting edge to engage the ribbon of clay, the said sloping blade having a structural. characteristic to press an end portion of the we downwardly, at the same time severing the b and the ribs from an adjacent section of the ribbon, the sloping blade being adapted to press the web of clay downwardly to form a transverse rib-like sealing structure for the said spaces when the ,tile is built up into a roof and forming a waste piece of the ribbon defined by a cut made by the transverse cutting and die blades.

5. In a machine for forming roofing tile as claimed in claim 4, the'said die having a short transverse severing blade and a longitudinal blade adjoining the end of the die and positioned rearwardly thereof having the structural characteristic to cut a notch in a section of the ribbon of clay which forms a tile and operative to form a notch adjacent the turn-down end of the web at one side thereof.

I 6. In a tile forming machine having means to develop a ribbon of clay with a web and ribs on 'the underside, the combination of a reciprocating carriage having straps fitting in grooves between the ribs, the said straps having beveled forward ends, a reciprocating die mounted on the carriage, said die having a rearward inclined face from its lower edge,- means tomove the die through the ribbon from the web side to sever the web and the ribs and at the same time press ribs, the combination of a reciprocating carriage,-

a cutter and die-pressing assembly on the carriage havinga rear transverse severing blade and die positioned forwardly of the said blade,

said die having a rear face sloping upwardly and rearwardly from its bottom edge towards the severing blade, means to move the cutting and die pressing assembly downwardly as a unit to develop a series of transverse cuts in the ribbon of clay by the severing blade and to form cuts by the lower edge of the die and the sloping rear face of the die producing a downward distortion of the web and the ends of the ribs whereby the downwardly distorted web forms a closure at one end of the groove of the tile out between the severing blade and the die, the said die being operative to develop a waste piece of the ribbon between the die and a previous cut made by the severing blade.

8. In a tile forming machine as claimed in claim 7, the means for developing a ribbon of clay having means for shaping the side edge of the ribbon to form an upwardly faced channel, the said die having a longitudinally extending blade section and a transverse shearing blade section connected thereto with their cutting edges in horizontal alignment with the cutting edge of I the die whereby and the shearing blade section make verticaimltl the longitudinal blade sectidn through the ribbon of clay at the upwardlyi'aced channel, thereby severing a notch at the end oi the portion iorming the tile adjacent the -Iiown- 'wardly distorted end iorming'the closure, whereby theportionf 'vered in forming the notch is'intei gral'with the waste piece of the ribbon.

9.In.a tile forming machine claimedin -claim 7, the carriagehaving one or more longitudinal straps which ilt in the grooves formed in the clay ribbon between the ribs 01' the tile below the web, the said straps at their i'orlward edge being beveled whereby the die indistorting the web oi the, clay and the ends of the ribs a fillet on the underside of the tile adjacentthe- .beveled enda oi-the ribs.

10. In amachine for making roofing tile hav-.

ing a supporting structure to support a portion of a ribbon of clay having a web and ribs on-the underside with spacing grooves between the ribs. the combination oi! a die having a straight transverse bottom cutting edge parallel to the web- 7 and an upwardly and rearwardly loping distorting face, the slope being from the cutting edge, 1 means to move the die downwardly and thereby sever the web and the ribs and at the same: time downwardly distort the web and the ends of the rib to form a cross-rib-like structure at the, end

-and distorted .leadingend. r

or... b: the ronninga tile" cross-lihe-rib forming-a closureio'r theends'oi the groove-on the' mdersideoi, the file when set' ,1

tor making-roofing tile as uponarooi. 11,111 a machine claimed in claim 10, the die a longitudinal blade section connected to the sloping face at one end thereof and a transverse shearing blade sectionconnected to the longitudinal 'section'whereby the die'torms a short longitudinal anda transverse cut simultaneous with the cutiorming the end and closure of the tile and thereby. forms a notch at one side ot the tileadjacent its-closed l2. Ina machine for making rooting tile as claimed in claim 10, the supporting structure having oneor more confining and supporting end of the straps. A

. I DAVIS BROWN.

AlOSliiPIilt.

' BRUNER MOORE 'BURCHFIEL.