EP0296896A1 - High pressure arc extinguishing chamber - Google Patents

High pressure arc extinguishing chamber Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0296896A1
EP0296896A1 EP88401150A EP88401150A EP0296896A1 EP 0296896 A1 EP0296896 A1 EP 0296896A1 EP 88401150 A EP88401150 A EP 88401150A EP 88401150 A EP88401150 A EP 88401150A EP 0296896 A1 EP0296896 A1 EP 0296896A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
housing
movable contact
compartment
arc
extinguishing chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP88401150A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Pierre Batteux
Jean-Pierre Nereau
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Merlin Gerin SA
Original Assignee
Merlin Gerin SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Merlin Gerin SA filed Critical Merlin Gerin SA
Publication of EP0296896A1 publication Critical patent/EP0296896A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
    • H01H1/14—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting
    • H01H1/20—Bridging contacts
    • H01H1/2041—Rotating bridge
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/302—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts wherein arc-extinguishing gas is evolved from stationary parts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H73/00—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches in which excess current opens the contacts by automatic release of mechanical energy stored by previous operation of a hand reset mechanism
    • H01H73/02—Details
    • H01H73/04—Contacts
    • H01H73/045—Bridging contacts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an arc extinguishing chamber for an electrical appliance, in particular a circuit breaker or a current limiting block, comprising separable contacts, housed inside a housing made of insulating material, the movable contact being stressed in the open position by the pressure generated by the arc drawn between the contacts after separation, and a compression piston separated from the walls of the housing by a predetermined clearance J dividing the internal volume of the housing into a first compartment generating pressure under the action of the arc, and a second compartment communicating with said first compartment through clearance J, the volumes of the two elementary compartments varying in opposite directions to one another during the displacement of the movable contact.
  • the extinction of the electric arc does not occur by deionization by means of a stack of metal separators, but results from the pressure generated by the arc itself.
  • the separation of the contacts is effected by the action of an excitation winding arranged coaxially around the contacts and electrically inserted in series with the latter.
  • the movable contact is made of magnetic material, and the housing has a plurality of exhaust slots intended to reduce the pressure inside the housing.
  • the object of the invention is to simplify the production of an arc extinguishing chamber at high pressure for a low voltage switching device.
  • the chamber according to the invention is characterized in that: - the housing is almost waterproof, the movable contact substantially follows the internal configuration of the housing by playing the role of said piston, the arrangement in a loop of said contacts to form means of rapid opening by electrodynamic repulsion occurring as soon as a short-circuit current appears, followed by the piston effect of the mobile contact by the pressure generated by the arc .
  • the pressure in the second compartment is lower than that generated by the arc in the first compartment during the extinction phase.
  • the clearance between the movable contact and the chamber is minimal. It follows that the leakage section SF formed between the two compartments must be substantially less than the section SC of the movable contact.
  • the leakage section SF is defined by the clearance J between the housing and the periphery of said movable contact, the sections SC and SF being measured in a plane perpendicular to the direction of movement of the movable contact.
  • the movable bridge-shaped contact moves in translation inside the chamber, and the bridge is secured to an actuating rod passing through the wall of the housing through an opening located on the side of the second compartment.
  • Magnetic circuits can be associated with the chamber to strengthen the magnetic field, and accelerate the movable contact to the open position.
  • the movable contact with double electrodynamic repulsion is mounted with limited rotation on a shaft, and comprises an intermediate boss in the form of a ball joint intended to cooperate with the internal wall of the housing to maintain the seal between the elementary compartments from the room.
  • an arc extinguishing chamber 10 of an electrical appliance comprises a housing 12 of gas-generating insulating material containing a pair of fixed contacts 14, 16 cooperating in the closed position of the appliance with a contact mobile 18 in the form of a bridge.
  • Each fixed contact 14,16 is carried by a current supply conductor 15,17 embedded in the wall of the housing 12 and ending in a connection pad 20,22.
  • the movable contact 18 in translation is coupled to an insulating control rod 24, which crosses with reduced play the housing 12 through an opening 26.
  • the extension of the control rod 24 is equipped with a positioning tab 28 capable of sliding in a blind guide groove 30 formed in the housing 12, extending axially in the first compartment 32.
  • the structure of the chamber 10 is symmetrical with respect to the axial median plane passing through the rod 24.
  • the rod 24 is connected to a operating mechanism (no represented).
  • the chamber 10 is almost sealed, since the internal volume communicates with the outside via the small gap existing between the opening 26 and the rod 24.
  • the movable contact bridge 18 substantially matches the internal configuration of the housing 12, and plays the role of movable piston separating the chamber 10 into two zones or compartments, elementary 32,34 having different pressures during the phase of extinction of the arc.
  • the first lower zone 32 is delimited between the bridge 18 and the base 36 serving to support the fixed contacts 14, 16.
  • the arc arises in the first zone 32, and reacts with the gas-generating material of the housing 12, to generate a pressure capable of accelerating the movement of the movable contact 18 towards the open position.
  • the second upper zone 34 of the chamber 10 is confined between the bridge, opposite the contact parts cooperating with the corresponding fixed contacts 14, 16, and the upper internal face 38 of the housing 12 in which the opening 26 is located. central passage of the control rod 24.
  • the volumes of the two elementary zones 32, 34 vary in opposite directions to one another during the translational movement of the movable contact 18, and the gap between the rod 24 and the opening 26 serves as a means of communication of the second zone 34 with the outside environment.
  • the low gap value minimizes leaks to the outside.
  • the pressure generated inside the chamber 10 must be maximum to interrupt the arc quickly.
  • the internal pressure naturally depends on the intensity of the current passing through the pole, and can reach a peak value of more than 100 bars when the leakage section SF which takes account of the mean clearance J between the bridge and the four internal walls between the two zones 32, 34 of the housing 12, is less than the section SC of the movable contact 18 (see FIG. 2), said sections SF and SC being measured in a plane perpendicular to the direction of movement of the movable contact 18.
  • As a result game J must have a minimum value, just sufficient to allow displacement without friction of the movable contact 18 inside the chamber 10.
  • the contact section SC amounts to 90 mm2 for a leakage section SF of 40 mm2 between the two zones 32 and 34.
  • Such an arc extinguishing chamber 10 can be integrated into a low voltage circuit breaker, with or without limiting effect, a contactor or a current limiting block.
  • the operation of the arc extinguishing chamber 10 according to FIGS. 1 and 2 is as follows: - when the movement of the movable contact 18 is controlled by the control rod 24 of the mechanism, for example during the passage of an overload current in the pole detected by the trigger, the separation of the contacts l4, l6, l8 generates an arc in the first zone 32. The pressure generated by the arc is sufficient to cause the arc to self-extinguish. - In the event of a short-circuit current, the initial displacement of the movable contact 18 comes from the electrodynamic repulsion resulting from the loop arrangement of the contacts 14,16,18. The arc drawn between the contacts causes a rise in pressure in the first zone 32 which propels the movable contact 18 towards the open position before the intervention of the mechanism.
  • the pressure in the chamber 10 is used to improve the dielectric strength between the separated contacts, and to increase the speed of separation of the contacts making it possible to quickly obtain a high arc voltage conducive to extinction of the arc.
  • the chamber 40 also has two magnetic circuits 42,44 in the form of rectangular frames surrounding the interruption zones so as to participate in the acceleration of the movable contact 18 towards the open position (see arrow F, FIG. 4).
  • the displacement of the movable contact 18 thus results from the pressure generated inside the chamber 40, and from the interaction of the magnetic field on the current flowing in the movable contact 18.
  • the field is reinforced by the presence of the two magnetic circuits 42.44 arranged on either side of the rod 24.
  • the arc extinguishing chamber 50 is equipped with a rotary double contact 52 housed inside a sealed housing 12.
  • Each fixed contact 14, 16 is carried by a current supply conductor 54, 56 in the form of brackets, and the movable contact 52 is mounted on a central control shaft 58.
  • the intermediate periphery of the movable contact 52 is provided with a double boss 60 in the form of a ball joint intended to cooperate with the internal wall of the housing 12 to maintain the seal between the various compartments 62, 64; 66,68 of the chamber 50.
  • the movable contact 52 follows the internal shape of the housing 12 with interposition of the clearance J, and the compartments 62 and 66 located respectively between the fixed contacts 14,16 and the movable contact 52 are the seat of the increase in pressure due to the presence of the arc when the device is opened.
  • the movable contact 52 plays the role of a double rotary piston controlled by the shaft 58 and by the pressure generated in the compartments 62 and 66. In the open position (FIG. 7), the volume of the compartments 62,66 is maximum , and the volume of the compartments 68, 64 is canceled out by the maximum rotation of the movable contact 52 abutting against stops 70, 72 of the housing 12.
  • the insulating material of the housing 12 is based on polymer, but it is clear that it could be made of another less gaseous material. In this case, arc guide cheeks of a material having gas-generating properties can be incorporated in the housing 12 at the level of the arc-forming zone. In FIGS. 1 to 7, the contact pressure springs have not been shown.

Abstract

Une chambre d'extinction d'arc pour appareil électrique, notamment un disjoncteur ou un bloc limiteur de courant comporte un boîtier (12) quasi étanche en matériau isolant gazogène pour le logement de contacts séparables (14,16,18) à répulsion électrodynamique. Le contact mobile (18), en forme de pont épouse sensiblement la configuration interne du boîtier (12) en jouant le rôle d'un piston disposé de part et d'autre d'un premier compartiment (32) générateur de pression sous l'action de l'arc, et un deuxième compartiment (34) communiquant avec le premier à travers un jeu J minimal. La pression dans le deuxième compartiment (34) est inférieure à celle règnant dans le premier compartiment. Des circuits magnétiques (42,44) peuvent être agencés pour accélérer le contact mobile (18) vers la position d'ouverture.An arc extinguishing chamber for an electrical device, in particular a circuit breaker or a current limiting unit, comprises a casing (12) which is almost sealed in gas-generating insulating material for housing separable contacts (14,16,18) with electrodynamic repulsion. The movable contact (18), in the form of a bridge substantially matches the internal configuration of the housing (12) by playing the role of a piston arranged on either side of a first pressure-generating compartment (32) under the action of the arc, and a second compartment (34) communicating with the first through a minimum clearance J. The pressure in the second compartment (34) is lower than that prevailing in the first compartment. Magnetic circuits (42,44) can be arranged to accelerate the movable contact (18) towards the open position.

Description

L'invention est relative à une chambre d'extinction d'arc pour appareil électrique, notamment un disjoncteur ou un bloc limiteur de courant, comprenant des contacts séparables, logés à l'intérieur d'un boîtier en matériau isolant, le contact mobile étant sollicité ves la position d'ouverture par la pression engendrée par l'arc tiré entre les contacts après la séparation, et un piston de compression séparé des parois du boîtier par un jeu J prédéterminé subdivisant le volume interne du boîtier en un premier compartiment générateur de pression sous l'action de l'arc, et un deuxième compartiment communiquant avec ledit premier compartiment à travers le jeu J, les volumes des deux compartiments élémentaires variant en sens inverse l'un de l'autre lors du déplacement du contact mobile.The invention relates to an arc extinguishing chamber for an electrical appliance, in particular a circuit breaker or a current limiting block, comprising separable contacts, housed inside a housing made of insulating material, the movable contact being stressed in the open position by the pressure generated by the arc drawn between the contacts after separation, and a compression piston separated from the walls of the housing by a predetermined clearance J dividing the internal volume of the housing into a first compartment generating pressure under the action of the arc, and a second compartment communicating with said first compartment through clearance J, the volumes of the two elementary compartments varying in opposite directions to one another during the displacement of the movable contact.

Dans un tel dispositif, l'extinction de l'arc électrique n'intervient pas par désionisation au moyen d'un empilage de séparateurs métalliques, mais résulte de la pression générée par l'arc lui-même. Selon le document EP-A-87642, la séparation des contacts est opérée par l'action d'un enroulement d'excitation disposé coaxialement autour des contacts et inséré électriquement en série avec ces derniers. Le contact mobile est réalisé en matériau magnétique, et le boîtier comporte une pluralité de fentes d'échappement destinées à réduire la pression à l'intérieur du boîtier.In such a device, the extinction of the electric arc does not occur by deionization by means of a stack of metal separators, but results from the pressure generated by the arc itself. According to document EP-A-87642, the separation of the contacts is effected by the action of an excitation winding arranged coaxially around the contacts and electrically inserted in series with the latter. The movable contact is made of magnetic material, and the housing has a plurality of exhaust slots intended to reduce the pressure inside the housing.

L'objet de l'invention consiste à simplifier la réalisation d'une chambre d'extinction d'arc à pression élevée pour un appareil de coupure à basse tension.The object of the invention is to simplify the production of an arc extinguishing chamber at high pressure for a low voltage switching device.

La chambre selon l'invention est caractérisée en ce que :
- le boîtier est quasi étanche,
- le contact mobile épouse sensiblement la configuration interne du boîtier en jouant le rôle dudit piston,
- l'agencement en boucle desdits contacts pour former des moyens d'ouverture rapide par répulsion électrodynamique intervenant dès l'apparition d'un courant de court-circuit suivi de l'effet de pistonnage du contacf mobile par la pression générée par l'arc.The chamber according to the invention is characterized in that:
- the housing is almost waterproof,
the movable contact substantially follows the internal configuration of the housing by playing the role of said piston,
the arrangement in a loop of said contacts to form means of rapid opening by electrodynamic repulsion occurring as soon as a short-circuit current appears, followed by the piston effect of the mobile contact by the pressure generated by the arc .

La pression dans le deuxième compartiment est inférieure à celle générée par l'arc dans le premier compartiment lors de la phase d'extinction.The pressure in the second compartment is lower than that generated by the arc in the first compartment during the extinction phase.

Afin de permettre au contact mobile de remplir son rôle de piston, il est indispensable que le jeu entre le contact mobile et la chambre soit minimal. Il en résulte que la section de fuite SF ménagée entre les deux compartiments doit être sensiblement inférieure à la section SC du contact mobile. La section de fuite SF est définie par le jeu J entre le boîtier et le pourtour dudit contact mobile, les sections SC et SF étant mesurées dans un plan perpendiculaire à la direction de déplacement du contact mobile.In order to allow the movable contact to fulfill its role of piston, it is essential that the clearance between the movable contact and the chamber is minimal. It follows that the leakage section SF formed between the two compartments must be substantially less than the section SC of the movable contact. The leakage section SF is defined by the clearance J between the housing and the periphery of said movable contact, the sections SC and SF being measured in a plane perpendicular to the direction of movement of the movable contact.

Selon un premier mode de réalisation, le contact mobile en forme de pont se déplace à translation à l'intérieur de la chambre, et le pont est solidarisé à une tige d'actionnement traversant la paroi du boîtier par une ouverture située du côté du deuxième compartiment.According to a first embodiment, the movable bridge-shaped contact moves in translation inside the chamber, and the bridge is secured to an actuating rod passing through the wall of the housing through an opening located on the side of the second compartment.

Des circuits magnétiques peuvent être associés à la chambre pour renforcer le champ magnétique, et accelérer le contact mobile vers la position d'ouverture.Magnetic circuits can be associated with the chamber to strengthen the magnetic field, and accelerate the movable contact to the open position.

Selon un deuxième mode de réalisation, le contact mobile à double répulsion électrodynamique est monté à rotation limitée sur un arbre, et comporte un bossage intermédiaire en forme de rotule destinée à coopérer avec la paroi interne du boîtier pour conserver l'étanchéité entre les compartiments élémentaires de la chambre.According to a second embodiment, the movable contact with double electrodynamic repulsion is mounted with limited rotation on a shaft, and comprises an intermediate boss in the form of a ball joint intended to cooperate with the internal wall of the housing to maintain the seal between the elementary compartments from the room.

D'autres avantages et caractéristiques ressortiront plus clairement de la description qui va suivre de différents dispositifs selon l'invention, donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, et représentés aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :

  • - la figure 1 est une vue schématique en coupe d'une chambre d'extinction d'arc selon l'invention;
  • - la figure 2 est une vue en coupe selon la ligne II-II de la figure 1;
  • - la figure 3 montre une vue identique à la figure 1 d'une variante de réalisation;
  • - les figures 4 et 5 représentent respectivement des vues en coupe selon les lignes IV-IV et V-V de la figure 3;
  • - les figures 6 et 7 montrent des vues en coupe d'une autre variante de chambre, respectivement en positions de fermeture et d'ouverture des contacts.
Other advantages and characteristics will emerge more clearly from the description which follows of various devices according to the invention, given by way of nonlimiting examples, and represented in the appended drawings in which:
  • - Figure 1 is a schematic sectional view of an arc extinguishing chamber according to the invention;
  • - Figure 2 is a sectional view along the line II-II of Figure 1;
  • - Figure 3 shows a view identical to Figure 1 of an alternative embodiment;
  • - Figures 4 and 5 respectively show sectional views along lines IV-IV and VV of Figure 3;
  • - Figures 6 and 7 show sectional views of another variant of the chamber, respectively in the closed and open positions of the contacts.

Sur les figures 1 et 2, une chambre 10 d'extinction d'arc d'un appareil électrique comporte un boîtier 12 en matériau isolant gazogène renfermant une paire de contacts fixes 14,16 coopérant en position de fermeture de l'appareil avec un contact mobile 18 en forme de pont. Chaque contact fixe 14,16 est porté par un conducteur d'amenée de courant 15,17 enrobé dans la paroi du boîtier 12 et se terminant par une plage de raccordement 20,22. Le contact mobile 18 en translation est accouplé à une tige de commande 24 isolante, laquelle traverse avec un jeu réduit le boitier 12 par une ouverture 26. Le prolongement de la tige 24 de commande est équipée d'une patte 28 de positionnement susceptible de coulisser dans un rainure 30 borgne de guidage ménagée dans le boîtier 12 en s'étendant axialement dans le premier compatiment 32. La structure de la chambre 10 est symétrique par rapport au plan médian axial passant par la tige 24. La tige 24 est reliée à un mécanisme de maneuvre (non représenté). La chambre 10 est quasi étanche, étant donné que le volume interne communique avec l'extérieur par le faible interstice existant entre l'ouverture 26 et la tige 24. Le pont de contact mobile 18 épouse sensiblement la configuration interne du boîtier 12, et joue le rôle de piston mobile séparant la chambre 10 en deux zones ou compartiments, 32,34 élémentaires ayant des pressions différentes lors de la phase d'extinction de l'arc. La première zone 32 inférieure est délimitée entre le pont 18 et la base 36 servant de support aux contacts fixes 14,16. L'arc prend naissance dans la première zone 32, et réagit avec le matériau gazogène du boîtier 12, pour engendrer une pression susceptible d'accélérer le déplacement du contact mobile 18 vers la position d'ouverture.In FIGS. 1 and 2, an arc extinguishing chamber 10 of an electrical appliance comprises a housing 12 of gas-generating insulating material containing a pair of fixed contacts 14, 16 cooperating in the closed position of the appliance with a contact mobile 18 in the form of a bridge. Each fixed contact 14,16 is carried by a current supply conductor 15,17 embedded in the wall of the housing 12 and ending in a connection pad 20,22. The movable contact 18 in translation is coupled to an insulating control rod 24, which crosses with reduced play the housing 12 through an opening 26. The extension of the control rod 24 is equipped with a positioning tab 28 capable of sliding in a blind guide groove 30 formed in the housing 12, extending axially in the first compartment 32. The structure of the chamber 10 is symmetrical with respect to the axial median plane passing through the rod 24. The rod 24 is connected to a operating mechanism (no represented). The chamber 10 is almost sealed, since the internal volume communicates with the outside via the small gap existing between the opening 26 and the rod 24. The movable contact bridge 18 substantially matches the internal configuration of the housing 12, and plays the role of movable piston separating the chamber 10 into two zones or compartments, elementary 32,34 having different pressures during the phase of extinction of the arc. The first lower zone 32 is delimited between the bridge 18 and the base 36 serving to support the fixed contacts 14, 16. The arc arises in the first zone 32, and reacts with the gas-generating material of the housing 12, to generate a pressure capable of accelerating the movement of the movable contact 18 towards the open position.

La deuxième zone 34 supérieure de la chambre 10 est confinée entre le pont, à l'opposé des pièces de contact coopérant avec les contacts fixes 14,16 correspondants, et la face interne 38 supérieure du boîtier 12 dans laquelle se trouve l'ouverture 26 centrale de passage de la tige 24 de commande. Les volumes des deux zones 32,34 élémentaires varient en sens inverse l'un de l'autre lors du déplacement en translation du contact mobile 18, et l'interstice entre la tige 24 et l'ouverture 26 sert de moyen de communication de la deuxième zone 34 avec le milieu extérieur. La faible valeur de l'interstice permet toutefois de minimiser les fuites vers l'extérieur.The second upper zone 34 of the chamber 10 is confined between the bridge, opposite the contact parts cooperating with the corresponding fixed contacts 14, 16, and the upper internal face 38 of the housing 12 in which the opening 26 is located. central passage of the control rod 24. The volumes of the two elementary zones 32, 34 vary in opposite directions to one another during the translational movement of the movable contact 18, and the gap between the rod 24 and the opening 26 serves as a means of communication of the second zone 34 with the outside environment. The low gap value, however, minimizes leaks to the outside.

Pour obtenir une tension d'arc élevée sans utilisation de séparateurs métalliques, la pression générée à l'intérieur de la chambre 10 doit être maximum pour interrompre l'arc rapidement. La pression interne dépend bien entendu de l'intensité du courant traversant le pôle, et peut atteindre une valeur crête de plus de 100 bars lorsque la section de fuite SF qui tient compte du jeu J moyen entre le pont et les quatre parois internes entre les deux zones 32,34 du boîtier 12, est inférieure à la section SC du contact mobile 18 (voir figure 2), lesdites sections SF et SC étant mesurées dans un plan perpendiculaire à la direction de déplacement du contact mobile 18. Il en résulte que le jeu J doit avoir une valeur minimale, juste suffisante pour autoriser le déplacement sans frottement du contact mobile 18 à 1'intérieur de la chambre 10. A titre d'exemple pour un disjoncteur de calibre 63A, la section de contact SC s'élève à 90 mm2 pour une section de fuite SF de 40 mm2 entre les deux zones 32 et 34.To obtain a high arc voltage without the use of metal separators, the pressure generated inside the chamber 10 must be maximum to interrupt the arc quickly. The internal pressure naturally depends on the intensity of the current passing through the pole, and can reach a peak value of more than 100 bars when the leakage section SF which takes account of the mean clearance J between the bridge and the four internal walls between the two zones 32, 34 of the housing 12, is less than the section SC of the movable contact 18 (see FIG. 2), said sections SF and SC being measured in a plane perpendicular to the direction of movement of the movable contact 18. As a result game J must have a minimum value, just sufficient to allow displacement without friction of the movable contact 18 inside the chamber 10. As an example for a circuit breaker of caliber 63A, the contact section SC amounts to 90 mm2 for a leakage section SF of 40 mm2 between the two zones 32 and 34.

Une telle chambre d'extinction d'arc 10 peut être intégrée dans un disjoncteur à basse tension, avec effet limiteur ou non, un contacteur ou un bloc limiteur de courant.Such an arc extinguishing chamber 10 can be integrated into a low voltage circuit breaker, with or without limiting effect, a contactor or a current limiting block.

Le fonctionnement de la chambre 10 d'extinction d'arc selon les figures 1 et 2 est le suivant :
- lorsque le déplacement du contact mobile 18 est piloté par la tige de commande 24 du mécanisme, par exemple lors du passage d'un courant de surcharge dans le pôle détecté par le déclencheur, la séparation des contactsl4,l6,l8 engendre un arc dans la première zone 32. La pression générée par l'arc est suffisante pour provoquer l'autoextinction de l'arc.
- En cas de courant de court-circuit, le déplacement initial du contact mobile 18 provient de la répulsion électrodynamique résultant de l'agencement en boucle des contacts 14,16,18. L'arc tiré entre les contacts provoque une montée en pression dans la première zone 32 qui propulse le contact mobile 18 vers la position d'ouverture avant l'intervention du mécanisme.The operation of the arc extinguishing chamber 10 according to FIGS. 1 and 2 is as follows:
- when the movement of the movable contact 18 is controlled by the control rod 24 of the mechanism, for example during the passage of an overload current in the pole detected by the trigger, the separation of the contacts l4, l6, l8 generates an arc in the first zone 32. The pressure generated by the arc is sufficient to cause the arc to self-extinguish.
- In the event of a short-circuit current, the initial displacement of the movable contact 18 comes from the electrodynamic repulsion resulting from the loop arrangement of the contacts 14,16,18. The arc drawn between the contacts causes a rise in pressure in the first zone 32 which propels the movable contact 18 towards the open position before the intervention of the mechanism.

En position de fermeture (figure 1), le volume du compartiment 32 est minimum, alors que celui du compartiment supérieur 34 est maximum. En position d'ouverture, le compartiment 32 présente un volume maximum, et celui du compartiment 34 est réduit pratiquement à zéro.In the closed position (Figure 1), the volume of the compartment 32 is minimum, while that of the upper compartment 34 is maximum. In the open position, the compartment 32 has a maximum volume, and that of the compartment 34 is reduced practically to zero.

On remarque que la pression dans la chambre 10 est utilisée pour améliorer la tenue diélectrique entre les contacts séparés, et pour augmenter la vitesse de séparation des contacts permettant d'obtenir rapidement une tension d'arc élevée propice à l'extinction de l'arc.It is noted that the pressure in the chamber 10 is used to improve the dielectric strength between the separated contacts, and to increase the speed of separation of the contacts making it possible to quickly obtain a high arc voltage conducive to extinction of the arc.

Dans la chambre 40 d'extinction d'arc des figures 3 à 5, les mêmes numéros de repères seront employés pour désigner des pièces identiques à celles du dispositif des figures 1 et 2. La chambre 40 comporte en plus deux circuits magnétiques 42,44 en forme de cadres rectangulaires entourant les zones d'interruption de manière à participer à l'accélération du contact mobile 18 vers la position d'ouverture (voir flêche F, figure 4).In the arc extinguishing chamber 40 of FIGS. 3 to 5, the same reference numbers will be used to designate parts identical to those of the device in FIGS. 1 and 2. The chamber 40 also has two magnetic circuits 42,44 in the form of rectangular frames surrounding the interruption zones so as to participate in the acceleration of the movable contact 18 towards the open position (see arrow F, FIG. 4).

Le déplacement du contact mobile 18 résulte ainsi de la pression générée à l'intérieur de la chambre 40, et de l'interaction du champ magnétique sur le courant circulant dans le contact mobile 18. Le champ est renforcé par la présence des deux circuits magnétiques 42,44 disposés de part et d'autre de la tige 24.The displacement of the movable contact 18 thus results from the pressure generated inside the chamber 40, and from the interaction of the magnetic field on the current flowing in the movable contact 18. The field is reinforced by the presence of the two magnetic circuits 42.44 arranged on either side of the rod 24.

Dans la variante des figures 6 et 7, la chambre 50 d'extinction d'arc est équipée d'un contact double 52 rotatif logé à l'intérieur d'un boîtier 12 étanche. Chaque contact fixe 14,16 est porté par un conducteur d'amenée de courant 54,56 en forme d'équerres, et le contact mobile 52 est monté sur un arbre de commande 58 central. Le pourtour intermédiaire du contact mobile 52 est doté d'un double bossage 60 en forme de rotule destinée à coopérer avec la paroi interne du boîtier 12 pour conserver l'étanchéité entre les différents compartiments 62,64; 66,68 de la chambre 50. Le contact mobile 52 épouse la forme interne du boîtier 12 avec interposition du jeu J, et les compartiments 62 et 66 situés respectivement entre les contacts fixes 14,16 et le contact mobile 52 sont le siège de l'accroissement de la pression due à la présence de l'arc lors de l'ouverture de l'appareil. Le contact mobile 52 joue le rôle d'un double piston rotatif commandé par l'arbre 58 et par la pression générée dans les compartiments 62 et 66. En position d'ouverture (figure 7), le volume des compartiments 62,66 est maximum, et le volume des compartiments 68,64 est annulé par la rotation maximum du contact mobile 52 venant en butée contre des arrêts 70,72 du boîtier 12.In the variant of FIGS. 6 and 7, the arc extinguishing chamber 50 is equipped with a rotary double contact 52 housed inside a sealed housing 12. Each fixed contact 14, 16 is carried by a current supply conductor 54, 56 in the form of brackets, and the movable contact 52 is mounted on a central control shaft 58. The intermediate periphery of the movable contact 52 is provided with a double boss 60 in the form of a ball joint intended to cooperate with the internal wall of the housing 12 to maintain the seal between the various compartments 62, 64; 66,68 of the chamber 50. The movable contact 52 follows the internal shape of the housing 12 with interposition of the clearance J, and the compartments 62 and 66 located respectively between the fixed contacts 14,16 and the movable contact 52 are the seat of the increase in pressure due to the presence of the arc when the device is opened. The movable contact 52 plays the role of a double rotary piston controlled by the shaft 58 and by the pressure generated in the compartments 62 and 66. In the open position (FIG. 7), the volume of the compartments 62,66 is maximum , and the volume of the compartments 68, 64 is canceled out by the maximum rotation of the movable contact 52 abutting against stops 70, 72 of the housing 12.

Le matériau isolant du boîtier 12 est à base de polymère, mais il est clair qu'il pourrait être réalisé en un autre matériau moins gazogène. Dans ce cas, des joues de guidage d'arc en un matériau ayant des propriétés gazogènes peuvent être incorporées dans le boîtier 12 au niveau de la zone de formation d'arc. Sur les figures 1 à 7, les ressorts de pression de contact n'ont pas été représentés.The insulating material of the housing 12 is based on polymer, but it is clear that it could be made of another less gaseous material. In this case, arc guide cheeks of a material having gas-generating properties can be incorporated in the housing 12 at the level of the arc-forming zone. In FIGS. 1 to 7, the contact pressure springs have not been shown.

Claims (7)

1. Chambre d'extinction d'arc pour appareil électrique, notamment un disjoncteur ou un bloc limiteur de courant, comprenant des contacts (14,16,18,52) séparables, logés à l'intérieur d'un boîtier (12) en matériau isolant, le contact mobile (18,52) étant sollicité ves la position d'ouverture par la pression engendrée par l'arc tiré entre les contacts après la séparation, et un piston de compression séparé des parois du boîtier (12) par un jeu J prédéterminé subdivisant le volume interne du boîtier (12) en un premier compartiment (32, 62, 66) générateur de pression sous l'action de l'arc, et un deuxième compartiment (34, 64, 68) communiquant avec ledit premier compartiment à travers le jeu J, les volumes des deux compartiments élémentaires variant en sens inverse l'un de l'autre lors du déplacement du contact mobile (18, 52), caractérisée par la combinaison suivante :
- le boîtier (12) est quasi étanche,
- le contact mobile (18,52) épouse sensiblement la configuration interne du boîtier (12) en jouant le rôle dudit piston,
- l'agencement en boucle desdits contacts (14, 16, 18, 52) pour former des moyens d'ouverture rapide par répulsion électrodynamique intervenant dès l'apparition d'un courant de court-circuit suivi de l'effet de pistonnage du contacf mobile (18) par la pression générée par l'arc.1. Arc extinguishing chamber for an electrical appliance, in particular a circuit breaker or a current limiting block, comprising separable contacts (14,16,18,52), housed inside a housing (12) in insulating material, the movable contact (18,52) being biased towards the open position by the pressure generated by the arc drawn between the contacts after separation, and a compression piston separated from the walls of the housing (12) by a predetermined clearance J dividing the internal volume of the housing (12) into a first compartment (32, 62, 66) generating pressure under the action of the arc, and a second compartment (34, 64, 68) communicating with said first compartment through clearance J, the volumes of the two elementary compartments varying in opposite directions to one another during the displacement of the movable contact (18, 52), characterized by the following combination:
- the housing (12) is almost waterproof,
the movable contact (18, 52) substantially matches the internal configuration of the housing (12) by playing the role of said piston,
- the arrangement in loop of said contacts (14, 16, 18, 52) to form means of rapid opening by electrodynamic repulsion intervening from the appearance of a short-circuit current followed by the piston effect of the contact mobile (18) by the pressure generated by the arc. 2. Chambre d'extinction d'arc selon la figure 1, caractérisée en ce que la pression dans le deuxième compartiment (34,64,68) est inférieure à celle générée par l'arc dans le premier compartiment (32,62,66) lors de la phase d'extinction, et que la section de fuite SF ménagée entre les deux compartiments et définie par un jeu J entre le boîtier l2 et le pourtour du contact mobile, est inférieure à la section SC du contact mobile (18,52), les sections SC et SF étant mesurées dans un plan perpendiculaire à la direction de déplacement du contact mobile (18,52).2. Arc extinguishing chamber according to FIG. 1, characterized in that the pressure in the second compartment (34,64,68) is lower than that generated by the arc in the first compartment (32,62,66 ) during the extinction phase, and that the leakage section SF formed between the two compartments and defined by a clearance J between the housing 12 and the periphery of the movable contact, is less than the section SC of the movable contact (18, 52), the sections SC and SF being measured in a plane perpendicular to the direction of movement of the movable contact (18,52). 3. Chambre d'extinction d'arc selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que le contact mobile (18) en forme de pont se déplace à translation à l'intérieur de la chambre (10,40), et que le pont est solidarisé à une tige d'actionnement (24) traversant la paroi du boîtier (12) par une ouverture (26) située du côté du deuxième compartiment (34).3. Arc extinguishing chamber according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the movable contact (18) in the form of a bridge moves in translation inside the chamber (10,40), and that the bridge is secured to an actuating rod (24) passing through the wall of the housing (12) through an opening (26) located on the side of the second compartment (34). 4. Chambre d'extinction d'arc selon la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce que la tige de commande (24) est équipée d'une patte (28) de positionnement susceptible de coulisser dans une rainure (30) conjuguée de guidage débouchant dans le premier compartiment (32).4. Arc extinguishing chamber according to claim 3, characterized in that the control rod (24) is equipped with a positioning tab (28) capable of sliding in a groove (30) conjugate guide opening into the first compartment (32). 5. Chambre d'extinction selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce que chaque zone de séparation des contacts est entourée par un circuit magnétique (42,44) de renforcement du champ magnétique pour l'accélération du contact mobile (18) vers la position d'ouverture.5. extinguishing chamber according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that each contact separation zone is surrounded by a magnetic circuit (42,44) for strengthening the magnetic field for the acceleration of the moving contact ( 18) to the open position. 6. Chambre d'extinction d'arc selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que le contact mobile (52) à double répulsion électrodynamique est monté à rotation limitée sur un arbre (58), et comporte un bossage (60) intermédiaire en forme de rotule destinée à coopérer avec la paroi interne du boîtier (12) pour conserver l'étanchéité entre les compartiments (62,64; 66,68) élémentaires de la chambre (50).6. Arc extinguishing chamber according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the movable contact (52) with double electrodynamic repulsion is mounted with limited rotation on a shaft (58), and comprises an intermediate boss (60) in the form of a ball joint intended to cooperate with the internal wall of the housing (12) to maintain the seal between the elementary compartments (62,64; 66,68) of the chamber (50). 7. Chambre d'extinction d'arc selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisée en ce que le boîtier (12) est en matériau gazogène.7. Arc extinguishing chamber according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the housing (12) is made of gas-generating material.
EP88401150A 1987-06-18 1988-05-11 High pressure arc extinguishing chamber Pending EP0296896A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8708583A FR2616957A1 (en) 1987-06-18 1987-06-18 HIGH PRESSURE ARC EXTINGUISHING CHAMBER
FR8708583 1987-06-18

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EP0296896A1 true EP0296896A1 (en) 1988-12-28

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EP88401150A Pending EP0296896A1 (en) 1987-06-18 1988-05-11 High pressure arc extinguishing chamber

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US (1) US4883931A (en)
EP (1) EP0296896A1 (en)
JP (1) JPS6414831A (en)
FR (1) FR2616957A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4883931A (en) 1989-11-28
JPS6414831A (en) 1989-01-19
FR2616957A1 (en) 1988-12-23
FR2616957B1 (en) 1995-01-06

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