EP0295558A2 - Process for periodically sooting surfaces with a burner - Google Patents

Process for periodically sooting surfaces with a burner Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0295558A2
EP0295558A2 EP88109119A EP88109119A EP0295558A2 EP 0295558 A2 EP0295558 A2 EP 0295558A2 EP 88109119 A EP88109119 A EP 88109119A EP 88109119 A EP88109119 A EP 88109119A EP 0295558 A2 EP0295558 A2 EP 0295558A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sooting
fuel gas
air
burner
oxygen
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
EP88109119A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0295558A3 (en
EP0295558B1 (en
Inventor
Johann Dipl.-Ing. Stocker
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Linde GmbH
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Linde GmbH
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Priority to AT88109119T priority Critical patent/ATE83407T1/en
Publication of EP0295558A2 publication Critical patent/EP0295558A2/en
Publication of EP0295558A3 publication Critical patent/EP0295558A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0295558B1 publication Critical patent/EP0295558B1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C23/00—Tools; Devices not mentioned before for moulding
    • B22C23/02—Devices for coating moulds or cores

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for intermittent sooting of surfaces of objects with a burner, with which a fuel gas is burned with air or oxygen.
  • sooting of surfaces with a burner flame at more or less regular, shorter intervals of less than 20 seconds means that the burner flame is not extinguished after each sooting process, but continues to burn after the desired soot layer has been produced. This results in unnecessary, polluting soot production, which can also have a disruptive effect on production, since tools and other equipment are unnecessarily sooted and additionally heated.
  • Countermeasures include swiveling out the burner, shielding or sucking off the flame during the soot breaks. With these measures, an unnecessary sooting and heating of the object to be soiled and other parts avoided, but there is no interruption of soot production. In addition, the swiveling out of the burner or the swiveling in of a shield, particularly in the case of very short cycle times, can no longer be achieved with reasonable effort.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of finding a sooting process with as little soot production and heating as possible, which moreover does not have the disadvantages of the above-mentioned processes.
  • the method should also be suitable for very short cycle times.
  • This object is achieved in that the mixture ratio of fuel gas - air or fuel gas - oxygen is reduced in those phases in which no sooting is to take place.
  • Suitable variants of the invention are obtained if acetylene or propane is used as the fuel gas and air is added to it.
  • a particularly advantageous variant of the invention is obtained using the first-mentioned fuel gas if the sooting is carried out with an acetylene-air ratio of 1: 0.1 to 1: 0.5 and the air supply is increased during the sooting pauses so that an acetylene-air ratio of 1: 5 to 1: 9, preferably 1: 7, arises.
  • acetylene-air fuel gas there is a good burner flame with regard to soot formation, which, on the other hand, considerably reduces its geometrical expansion with increased air addition.
  • a particularly favorable embodiment of the method according to the invention is characterized in that air or oxygen is fed to the burner via two lines, one of the two lines being closed or opened depending on the operating cycle.
  • air or oxygen is fed to the burner via two lines, one of the two lines being closed or opened depending on the operating cycle.
  • An advantageous embodiment of a device for carrying out the method according to the invention with a burner, which with an acetylene or propane feed Pressure adjustment valve is connected, has two compressed air supply lines connected to the burner, which are provided with pressure adjustment valves, a controllable closure valve, for example a solenoid valve, being additionally arranged in a compressed air supply line.
  • a controllable closure valve for example a solenoid valve
  • the connection of a burner to two compressed air supply lines is a measure that is generally easy to implement.
  • a supply from compressed gas cylinders or from a compressed air system is possible.
  • the installation of pressure adjustment valves in the compressed air supply lines enables the air supply to be varied between two values as required, depending on whether the shut-off valve installed in a supply line is in the open or closed state.
  • the installation of a controllable shut-off valve, e.g. of a solenoid valve makes the device particularly suitable for clocked sooting processes, e.g. in a production line.
  • FIG. 1 shows a sooting device 1 and its arrangement in relation to a casting mold 2 with a conveying device 3 in the sooting phase.
  • the sooting device 1 consists of a burner 4, an acetylene supply line 5 and two compressed air supply lines 6, 7.
  • pressure adjustment valves 8 are arranged, and moreover in the compressed air supply line 7 a solenoid valve 9, which is in the sooting phase shown in the closed state. It can be seen that in this operating state, an elongated, far-reaching burner flame 10 is created, which acts on the casting mold 2 with soot.
  • FIG. 2 shows the soot device 1 and the goat shape 2 after the sooting has ended.
  • the solenoid valve 9 is now in the open state and thus releases the additional supply of compressed air via the feed line 7 to the burner 4.
  • Suitable setting pressures for this embodiment are: Acetylene pressure 0.5 bar Compressed air supply 7 8 bar Compressed air supply line 6 0.5 bar.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacture, Treatment Of Glass Fibers (AREA)
  • Glass Melting And Manufacturing (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Re-Forming, After-Treatment, Cutting And Transporting Of Glass Products (AREA)

Abstract

Surfaces are sooted by means of a burner, which burns a carbon-containing fuel gas with air or oxygen. If a sooting step is to be repeated at relatively short intervals, the sooting flame burns continuously. This means unnecessary production of soot which pollutes the environment, and ultimately an undesired sooting of parts and devices. These disadvantages are eliminated if the fuel gas/air or fuel gas/oxygen mixing ratio is reduced in those phases in which sooting is not intended to take place, and a soot-free small flame is thus produced.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum taktweisen Berußen von Flächen von Gegenständen mit einem Brenner, mit dem ein Brenngas mit Luft oder Sauerstoff verbrannt wird.The invention relates to a method for intermittent sooting of surfaces of objects with a burner, with which a fuel gas is burned with air or oxygen.

Das Berußen von Flächen mit einer Brennerflamme in mehr oder weniger regelmäßigen, kürzeren Zeitabständen von unter 20 sec bringt mit sich, daß die Brennerflamme nicht nach jedem Berußungsvorgang gelöscht wird, sondern nach Erzeugung der gewünschten Rußschicht weiterbrennt. Dies hat eine unnötige, die Umwelt belastende Rußerzeugung zur Folge, die zudem störenden Einfluß auf die Fertigung haben kann, da Werkzeuge und auch andere einrichtungen unnötig berußt und zusätzlich aufgeheizt werden.The sooting of surfaces with a burner flame at more or less regular, shorter intervals of less than 20 seconds means that the burner flame is not extinguished after each sooting process, but continues to burn after the desired soot layer has been produced. This results in unnecessary, polluting soot production, which can also have a disruptive effect on production, since tools and other equipment are unnecessarily sooted and additionally heated.

Als Gegenmaßnahmen sind das Ausschwenken des Brenners, das Abschirmen oder Absaugen der Flamme in den Berußungspausen bekannt. Bei diesen Maßnahmen wird zwar ein unnötiges Berußen und Aufheizen des zu berußenden Gegenstandes und anderer Teile vermieden, aber eine Unterbrechung der Rußerzeugung erfolgt dabei nicht. Überdies ist das Ausschwenken des Brenners oder das Einschwenken einer Abschirmung insbesondere bei sehr kurzen Taktzeiten nicht mehr mit vertretbarem Aufwand zu realisieren.Countermeasures include swiveling out the burner, shielding or sucking off the flame during the soot breaks. With these measures, an unnecessary sooting and heating of the object to be soiled and other parts avoided, but there is no interruption of soot production. In addition, the swiveling out of the burner or the swiveling in of a shield, particularly in the case of very short cycle times, can no longer be achieved with reasonable effort.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Berußungsverfahren mit möglichst geringer Rußerzeugung und Aufheizung zu finden, das überdies nicht die Nachteile der obengenannten Verfahren besitzt. Insbesondere soll das Verfahren auch für sehr kurze Taktzeiten geeignet sein.The invention is therefore based on the object of finding a sooting process with as little soot production and heating as possible, which moreover does not have the disadvantages of the above-mentioned processes. In particular, the method should also be suitable for very short cycle times.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß das Mischungsverhältnis Brenngas - Luft oder Brenngas-Sauerstoff in denjenigen Phasen, in denen keine Berußung stattfinden soll, verkleinert wird.This object is achieved in that the mixture ratio of fuel gas - air or fuel gas - oxygen is reduced in those phases in which no sooting is to take place.

Dies kann durch Vergrößerung der zuzugebenden Luft- oder Sauerstoffmenge und/oder durch Verkleinerung der zuzugebenden Brenngasmenge zum Brenngasgemisch erreicht werden und man erhält so eine vollständige Verbrennung der im Brenngas enthaltenen Kohlenwasserstoffverbindungen und somit eine nicht rußende Flamme. Zudem ist die so erhaltene Flamme in ihrer geometrischen Ausdehnung viel kleiner, insbesondere in ihrer Reichweite viel kürzer, als die Berußungsflamme. Sie besitzt daher einen deutlichen Abstand zum Werkstück und Teilen der Fertigungseinrichtung. Es ergibt sich also in den Taktpausen keine unnötige Rußerzeugung und kein unnötiges Aufheizen von Teilen durch diese Brennerflamme. Überdies ist dadurch, daß die Umstellung von der Berußungssituation auf die Wartesituation durch Veränderung der Brenngaszusammensetzung erfolgt, ein sehr schnelles Umschalten zwischen diesen beiden Betriebszuständen möglich. Es kann ohne weiteres mit Taktzeiten bis unter 1 sec gearbeitet werden.This can be achieved by increasing the amount of air or oxygen to be added and / or by reducing the amount of fuel gas to be added to the fuel gas mixture, and this results in complete combustion of the hydrocarbon compounds contained in the fuel gas and thus a non-sooty flame. In addition, the flame obtained in this way is much smaller in its geometric extent, in particular much shorter in range, than the sooting flame. It is therefore at a clear distance from the workpiece and parts of the manufacturing facility. There is therefore no unnecessary soot generation and no unnecessary heating of parts by this burner flame in the cycle breaks. Moreover, the fact that the changeover from the sooting situation to the waiting situation takes place by changing the composition of the fuel gas is very quick Switching between these two operating states possible. It is easy to work with cycle times of less than 1 sec.

Geeignete Ausführungsvarianten der Erfindung erhält man, wenn man als Brenngas Acetylen oder Propan verwendet und diesen Luft zumischt.Suitable variants of the invention are obtained if acetylene or propane is used as the fuel gas and air is added to it.

Eine besonders vorteilhafte Variante der Erfindung erhält man unter Verwendung des erstgenannten Brenngases, wenn die Berußung mit einem Acetylen-Luft-Verhältnis von 1 : 0,1 bis 1 : 0,5 durchgeführt wird, und in den Berußungspausen die Luftzufuhr so vergrößert wird, daß ein Acetylen-Luft- Verhältnis von 1 : 5 bis 1 : 9, vorzugsweise 1 : 7, entsteht. Mit Acetylen-Luft-Brenngas ergibt sich eine bezüglich der Rußbildung seht gute Brennerflamme, die andererseits ihre geometrische Ausdehnung bei vergrößerter Luftzugabe erheblich verringert.A particularly advantageous variant of the invention is obtained using the first-mentioned fuel gas if the sooting is carried out with an acetylene-air ratio of 1: 0.1 to 1: 0.5 and the air supply is increased during the sooting pauses so that an acetylene-air ratio of 1: 5 to 1: 9, preferably 1: 7, arises. With acetylene-air fuel gas, there is a good burner flame with regard to soot formation, which, on the other hand, considerably reduces its geometrical expansion with increased air addition.

Eine besonders günstige Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dem Brenner Luft oder Sauerstoff über zwei Leitungen zugeführt wird, wobei eine der beiden Leitungen je nach Atbeitstakt geschlossen bzw. geöffnet wird. Eine derartige Ausgestaltung ermöglicht eine einfache Durchführung des Verfahrens, da zur Herstellung der beiden Betriebszustände - Berußen und Warten - nur eine Luft- oder Sauerstoffzuleitung geschlossen oder geöffnet werden muß.A particularly favorable embodiment of the method according to the invention is characterized in that air or oxygen is fed to the burner via two lines, one of the two lines being closed or opened depending on the operating cycle. Such an embodiment enables the method to be carried out in a simple manner since only one air or oxygen supply line has to be closed or opened in order to produce the two operating states - sooting and waiting.

Eine vorteilhafte Ausführungsform einer Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens mit einem Brenner, der mit einer Acetylen- bzw. Propanzuleitung mit Druckeinstellventil verbunden ist, besitzt zwei an den Brenner angeschlossene Druckluftzuleitungen, die mit Druckeinstellventilen versehen sind, wobei in einer Druckluftzuleitung zusätzlich ein ansteuerbares Verschlußentil, z.b. ein Magnetventil, angeordnet ist.An advantageous embodiment of a device for carrying out the method according to the invention with a burner, which with an acetylene or propane feed Pressure adjustment valve is connected, has two compressed air supply lines connected to the burner, which are provided with pressure adjustment valves, a controllable closure valve, for example a solenoid valve, being additionally arranged in a compressed air supply line.

Der Anschluß eines Brenners an zwei Druckluftzuleitungen ist eine in der Regel einfach zu realisierende Maßnahme. Es ist eine Versorgung aus Druckgasflaschen oder aus einer Druckluftanlage möglich. Der Einbau von Druckeinstellventilen in die Druckluftzuleitungen verschafft die Möglichkeit, die Luftzufuhr nach Wunsch zwischen zwei Werten zu variieren, je nach dem ob sich das in einer Zuleitung eingebaute Verschlußventil in geöffnetem oder geschlossenem Zustand befindet. Der Einbau eines ansteuerbaren Verschlußventils, z.B. eines Magnetventils, stellt die Eignung der Vorrichtung insbesondere für getaktete Berußungsvorgänge, z.B. in einer Fertigungsstraße, her.The connection of a burner to two compressed air supply lines is a measure that is generally easy to implement. A supply from compressed gas cylinders or from a compressed air system is possible. The installation of pressure adjustment valves in the compressed air supply lines enables the air supply to be varied between two values as required, depending on whether the shut-off valve installed in a supply line is in the open or closed state. The installation of a controllable shut-off valve, e.g. of a solenoid valve, makes the device particularly suitable for clocked sooting processes, e.g. in a production line.

Im folgenden wird anhand der schematischen Zeichnungen ein Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens erläutert, mit dem Gießformen berußt werden sollen.An exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention, with which casting molds are intended to be sooted, is explained below with reference to the schematic drawings.

Es zeigen:

  • Figur 1 Anordnung mit Berußungsvorrichtung und Gießform in der Berußungsphase;
  • Figur 2 Anordnung mit Berußungsvorrichtung und Gießform in der Berußungspause.
Show it:
  • Figure 1 arrangement with sooting device and mold in the sooting phase;
  • Figure 2 arrangement with sooting device and mold in the sooting pause.

In Figur 1 ist eine Berußungsvorrichtung 1 und seine Anordnung bezüglich einer Gießform 2 mit Fördereinrichtung 3 in der Berußungsphase gezeigt. Die Berußungsvorrichtung 1 besteht aus einem Brenner 4, einer Acetylenzuleitung 5 und zwei Druckluftzuleitungen 6, 7. In den Zuleitungen 5, 6, 7 sind Druckeinstellventile 8 angeordnet, und überdies in der Druckluftzuleitung 7 ein Magnetventil 9, das sich in der dargestellten Berußungsphase im Schließzustand befindet. Man erkennt, daß in diesem Betriebszustand eine längliche, weitreichende Brennerflamme 10 entsteht, die die Gießform 2 mit Ruß beaufschlagt.FIG. 1 shows a sooting device 1 and its arrangement in relation to a casting mold 2 with a conveying device 3 in the sooting phase. The sooting device 1 consists of a burner 4, an acetylene supply line 5 and two compressed air supply lines 6, 7. In the supply lines 5, 6, 7 pressure adjustment valves 8 are arranged, and moreover in the compressed air supply line 7 a solenoid valve 9, which is in the sooting phase shown in the closed state. It can be seen that in this operating state, an elongated, far-reaching burner flame 10 is created, which acts on the casting mold 2 with soot.

In Figur 2 ist die Berußungsvorrichtung 1 und die Geißform 2 nach Beendigung der Berußung dargestellt. Das Magnetventil 9 befindet sich jetzt in geöffnetem Zustand und gibt somit die zusätzliche Zufuhr von Druckluft über die Zuleitung 7 zum Brenner 4 frei. Man erhält damit eine kleine, im Querschnitt linsenförmige Brennerflamme 11, die nicht rußt. Weiters erkennt man, daß der Abstand Flamme-­Gießform bzw. Fördereinrichtung jetzt so groß ist, daß die Flamme keine schädigenden Auswirkungen auf die Gießform 2 und die Fördereinrichtung 3 mehr haben kann.FIG. 2 shows the soot device 1 and the goat shape 2 after the sooting has ended. The solenoid valve 9 is now in the open state and thus releases the additional supply of compressed air via the feed line 7 to the burner 4. This gives a small burner flame 11 which is lenticular in cross section and does not soot. It can also be seen that the distance between the flame mold and the conveyor is now so great that the flame can no longer have any damaging effects on the mold 2 and the conveyor 3.

Geeignete Einstelldrücke für dieses Ausführungsbeispiel sind:
    Acetylendruck      0,5 bar
    Druckluftzuleitung 7      8 bar
    Druckluftzuleitung 6      0,5 bar.Suitable setting pressures for this embodiment are:
Acetylene pressure 0.5 bar
Compressed air supply 7 8 bar
Compressed air supply line 6 0.5 bar.

Claims (6)

1. Verfahren zum taktweisen Berußen von Flächen von Gegenständen mit einem Brenner, mit dem ein kohlenstoffhaltiges Brenngas mit Luft oder Sauerstoff verbrannt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Mischungsverhältnis Brenngas - Luft oder Brenngas-­Sauerstoff in denjenigen Phasen, in denen keine Berußung stattfinden soll, verkleinert wird.1. A method for intermittent sooting of surfaces of objects with a burner with which a carbon-containing fuel gas is burned with air or oxygen, characterized in that the mixture ratio of fuel gas - air or fuel gas-oxygen in those phases in which no sooting is to take place, is reduced. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Brenngas Acetylen verwendet wird, dem Luft zugemischt wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that acetylene is used as the fuel gas, the air is added. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Brenngas Propan verwendet wird, dem Luft zugemischt wird.3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that propane is used as the fuel gas, the air is admixed. 4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Berußung mit einem Acetylen-Luft-Verhältnis von 1 : 0,1 bis 1 : 0,5 durchgeführt wird, und in den Berußungspausen die Luftzufuhr so vergrößert wird, daß ein Acetylen-Luft-Verhältnis von 1 : 5 bis 1 : 9, vorzugsweise 1 : 7, entsteht.4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the sooting is carried out with an acetylene-air ratio of 1: 0.1 to 1: 0.5, and the air supply is increased in the sooting pauses so that an acetylene-air Ratio of 1: 5 to 1: 9, preferably 1: 7, arises. 5. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dem Brenner Luft oder Sauerstoff über zwei Leitungen zugeführt wird, wobei eine der beiden Leitungen je nach Arbeitstakt geschlossen bzw. geöffnet wird.5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the burner air or oxygen is supplied via two lines, one of the two lines being closed or opened depending on the working cycle. 6. Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, mit einem Brenner, der mit einer Brenngaszuleitung mit Drcukeinstellventil verbunden ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Brenner an zwei Druckluftzuleitungen angeschlossen ist, die mit Druckeinstellventilen versehen sind, wobei in einer Druckluftzuleitung zusätzlich ein ansteuerbares Verschlußventil, z.B. ein Magnetventil, angeordnet ist.6. Device for performing the method according to one of claims 1 to 5, with a burner, which is connected to a fuel gas supply line with pressure adjusting valve, characterized in that the burner is connected to two compressed air supply lines, which are provided with pressure adjusting valves, in a compressed air supply line additionally a controllable shut-off valve, e.g. a solenoid valve is arranged.
EP88109119A 1987-06-16 1988-06-08 Process for periodically sooting surfaces with a burner Expired - Lifetime EP0295558B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88109119T ATE83407T1 (en) 1987-06-16 1988-06-08 PROCESS FOR CYCLING SOOTING OF SURFACES WITH A BURNER.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19873720181 DE3720181A1 (en) 1987-06-16 1987-06-16 METHOD FOR CONTINUOUSLY BURNING SURFACES WITH A BURNER
DE3720181 1987-06-16

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0295558A2 true EP0295558A2 (en) 1988-12-21
EP0295558A3 EP0295558A3 (en) 1989-12-27
EP0295558B1 EP0295558B1 (en) 1992-12-16

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EP88109119A Expired - Lifetime EP0295558B1 (en) 1987-06-16 1988-06-08 Process for periodically sooting surfaces with a burner

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EP (1) EP0295558B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE83407T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3720181A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2036237T3 (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0393554A2 (en) * 1989-04-20 1990-10-24 Messer Griesheim Gmbh Process for coating with soot surfaces of objects with a burner
EP1086765A1 (en) * 1999-09-22 2001-03-28 Linde Gas Aktiengesellschaft Method for improving a magnesium pressure casting process
DE4311773C2 (en) * 1993-04-08 2001-05-03 Linde Gas Ag Method and device for coating surfaces with soot by means of combustion

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1495728A (en) * 1922-06-15 1924-05-27 George M Holley Automatic cleaning and application of lampblack to metal molds
US1535149A (en) * 1922-09-27 1925-04-28 Earl Holley Automatic application of lampblack to metal molds
US1543085A (en) * 1924-03-26 1925-06-23 Earl Holley Mold cleaning, heating, and lampblacking device
EP0120373A1 (en) * 1983-03-24 1984-10-03 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Process for coating surfaces with carbon black

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1495728A (en) * 1922-06-15 1924-05-27 George M Holley Automatic cleaning and application of lampblack to metal molds
US1535149A (en) * 1922-09-27 1925-04-28 Earl Holley Automatic application of lampblack to metal molds
US1543085A (en) * 1924-03-26 1925-06-23 Earl Holley Mold cleaning, heating, and lampblacking device
EP0120373A1 (en) * 1983-03-24 1984-10-03 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Process for coating surfaces with carbon black

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0393554A2 (en) * 1989-04-20 1990-10-24 Messer Griesheim Gmbh Process for coating with soot surfaces of objects with a burner
EP0393554A3 (en) * 1989-04-20 1991-08-28 Messer Griesheim Gmbh Process for coating with soot surfaces of objects with a burner
DE4311773C2 (en) * 1993-04-08 2001-05-03 Linde Gas Ag Method and device for coating surfaces with soot by means of combustion
EP1086765A1 (en) * 1999-09-22 2001-03-28 Linde Gas Aktiengesellschaft Method for improving a magnesium pressure casting process

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0295558A3 (en) 1989-12-27
ATE83407T1 (en) 1993-01-15
EP0295558B1 (en) 1992-12-16
ES2036237T3 (en) 1993-05-16
DE3876691D1 (en) 1993-01-28
DE3720181A1 (en) 1989-01-05

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