EP0293673B1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum mechanischen Schleifen von Werkstücken mittels elektrisch leitfähiger Schleifwerkzeuge - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum mechanischen Schleifen von Werkstücken mittels elektrisch leitfähiger Schleifwerkzeuge Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0293673B1
EP0293673B1 EP88107984A EP88107984A EP0293673B1 EP 0293673 B1 EP0293673 B1 EP 0293673B1 EP 88107984 A EP88107984 A EP 88107984A EP 88107984 A EP88107984 A EP 88107984A EP 0293673 B1 EP0293673 B1 EP 0293673B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
spark
grinding
workpiece
tool
current
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88107984A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0293673A2 (de
EP0293673A3 (en
Inventor
Horst Lach
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
LACH-SPEZIAL-WERKZEUGE GmbH
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LACH-SPEZIAL-WERKZEUGE GmbH
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Publication of EP0293673A3 publication Critical patent/EP0293673A3/de
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
    • B24B49/10—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation involving electrical means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B47/00—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor
    • B24B47/22—Equipment for exact control of the position of the grinding tool or work at the start of the grinding operation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the mechanical grinding of workpieces, wherein the grinding tool is probed against the workpiece or a measuring probe by applying an electrical spark voltage between them and the test position being determined by the spark current, and then from this touch position certain infeed and / or feed movements for the mechanical grinding process are carried out, as well as a device for carrying out such a method.
  • the grinding tool In mechanical grinding processes with which the present invention is concerned, the grinding tool has normally been moved from the operator to the point of contact with the workpiece, ie when the position of the surface to be ground in space and / or the grinding wheel diameter are not precisely specified it is touched, and then the intended infeed and feed movements are carried out according to a specific control program.
  • the probing is thus manually controlled, with the operator depending on the noise that occurs when touch is made and the extent of the formation of grinding sparks.
  • a large number of differently worn tool cutting edges are to be reground in a clamping of a workpiece or a group of workpieces, For example, the teeth of a saw blade, the cutting edges of a milling cutter or a number of turning tools inserted together in a clamping device must be manually touched again before each cutting edge is re-sharpened. You cannot automatically edit all cutting edges one after the other. The same applies to grinding processes in the manufacturing process if the prefabricated workpieces have different starting dimensions, there are differences in workpiece clamping or the grinding wheel diameter is not constantly checked.
  • spark gap the necessary distance to the workpiece for the contactless spark-erosive removal of the electrically conductive material.
  • spark erosion processes there is initially no intentional contact with mainly mechanical material removal.
  • the invention is based on the method described in DE-A1-24 22 940 and the corresponding device. According to this, it is known to embed conductors insulated at the wheel periphery in a grinding wheel made of electrically non-conductive material and to apply such a high voltage between them and the workpiece that when the grinding wheel approaches the workpiece in rapid traverse, a spark discharge occurs at a predetermined distance, which can be used to switch off the tool infeed or to switch from rapid traverse to creep speed, which can be deactivated in the same way after the high voltage has been reduced to a lower voltage.
  • the known control method is not a probing that takes place during a certain period of time, which follows the described manual probing after the noise that increasingly occurs when touching begins and corresponds to the extent of the formation of grinding sparks, but to a sudden shutdown of the delivery as soon as a spark discharge occurs at a certain distance.
  • the distance must be dimensioned according to the caster due to inertia. Only after switching off does the uncontrolled pressure of the grinding tool against the workpiece occur.
  • inaccuracies are unavoidable, because even a punctiform geometric irregularity or a drop of water are sufficient to trigger the spark discharge and thus the cut-off of the infeed prematurely.
  • a major disadvantage of the known device is that a complex distance measuring device and switching device are used solely for the purpose will switch off the feed movement of the mechanical grinding tool at a certain distance from the workpiece.
  • the object of the invention is to improve the mechanical grinding method mentioned at the outset in such a way that it can be carried out very precisely in a simple manner in connection with a spark erosion or erosion grinding process.
  • the above object is achieved in that an existing grinding tool made of electrically conductive material is used, the workpiece is machined in the same setting first with a first tool spark erosion or erosion grinding and then with a grinding wheel brought into the contact position by means of spark current, the spark current for probing is generated by the spark generator used in the EDM or EDM grinding of the workpiece with the associated control circuit, and after probing for the subsequent grinding process the spark voltage is switched off or set to such a value that essentially mechanical material removal occurs.
  • the control circuit with spark generator previously used in another removal method for another purpose, namely distance control during electroerosive processing, being used with advantage.
  • the spark generator does not need to demand a working current for material removal, since the spark current only serves to control a certain contact position while the material is being removed essentially mechanically.
  • the electrically non-conductive grain of the grinding wheel also ensures a certain distance between the workpiece and the metallic matrix of the grinding wheel during the contact and the mechanical removal of electrically conductive material of a workpiece, so that according to the invention there is also the possibility of continuing after the electrically controlled probing to allow a spark voltage to be applied between the tool and the workpiece and, depending on a weak spark current, which is of no importance for metal removal, to continuously regulate a specific contact position of the grinding wheel for mechanical removal of the electrically conductive material of the workpiece.
  • one of the surfaces can be touched by means of a spark current before and / or after grinding, and the other surfaces can be corresponding to this touch position ground or infeed movements to compensate for grinding wheel wear.
  • a model surface or a sensor can be touched with the grinding tool and used as a reference for all surfaces to be ground.
  • a device for carrying out the method according to the invention consists of a grinding tool which can be driven in rotation, a workpiece clamping device and a controllable movement drive for changing the relative position between the grinding tool and workpiece, the grinding tool and the workpiece or a sensor being connected to a spark generator and the movement drive when probing is controlled by a control circuit influenced by the spark current, and is characterized in that the grinding tool and a spark-erosive tool can be used in the same workpiece clamping, the grinding tool consists of an electrically conductive material, the spark generator and the control circuit are connected to the spark-erosive tool and the controllable movement drive is controlled during the mechanical grinding process by a program memory and / or a spark current which is only dimensioned as a control current.
  • the new device can be implemented in a particularly simple and cost-effective manner in that both tools are rotatingly drivable tools arranged on the same drive shaft.
  • the drawing schematically shows a workpiece 10, e.g. a saw blade which is clamped on a cross slide 12 and can thus be moved in the direction of two mutually perpendicular coordinates x and y.
  • a rotary drive 14, whose angle of rotation ⁇ can be controlled, is used for adjusting the angle of rotation or for advancing the saw blade from one cutting edge to be machined to the next.
  • the tool 16 is a disk which can be driven in rotation, for example made of graphite, copper or another electrically conductive material, if appropriate also with enclosed abrasive grains made of electrically non-conductive material, for example diamond grain.
  • This tool is used to machine the saw blade 10 or another workpiece, for example a milling cutter to be machined on its cutting edges, which may be made of hard metal or polycrystalline diamond, for example, or another similar tool.
  • the second tool 18 is an electrically conductive, i.e. e.g. metal-bonded grinding wheel with diamond grit, for example. Both tools 16 and 18 are seated on the same drive shaft 20 and can be moved by a tool slide 22 in the direction of a z coordinate perpendicular to the x and y coordinates. In addition, the angular velocity ⁇ of the shaft 20 driven by a drive motor 24 can be controlled.
  • a spark generator 26 is connected via lines 28 and 30 to the workpiece 10 and the respective tool 16 and 18, respectively.
  • a dielectric is flushed in between the workpiece 10 and the respective tool 16 or 18, so that they are insulated from one another and can jump sparks between them if the erosion tool 16 is in the working position with the intermediate distance of the spark gap required for spark erosion or when touching the workpiece 10 with the grinding tool 18.
  • the infeeds, feed movements and setpoint settings provided in the individual case can be carried out.
  • the specifications for the control circuit can be entered into the control circuit either manually using a keyboard (not shown) or through a program memory 34. This can then have the cross slide 12 execute a movement in the direction of the x coordinate via a line 36 and a signal converter 38, which, for example, influences the spark gap between workpiece 10 and tool 16.
  • the changes in the electrical voltage Us at the spark gap can be tapped via a measuring device 40 and, alternatively or at the same time, a gap current change Is can be tapped via a measuring device 42 and fed to the control circuit 32 for evaluation.
  • a step-by-step can be set Capacity 44 available, as is known from metalworking, to make adjustments.
  • the infeed of the tool can be regulated depending on the current Is measured at 42.
  • the value proportional to a current to the size of the spark gap can be fed to a comparator, in which a comparison is made with an adjustable setpoint.
  • the movement of the cross slide 12 in the direction of the y coordinate is controlled via a control line 46 and a signal converter 48. This can e.g. a reciprocating movement of the workpiece when machining straight cutting edges.
  • the extent of the to-and-fro movement can be predetermined by the program memory 34 or by a simple reversal by means of limit switches.
  • the tool slide 22 is controlled in the direction of the z coordinate via a line 50 and a signal converter 52 in order to e.g. make a height adjustment of the tool 16 or 18.
  • the speed of the drive motor 24 is controlled by the control circuit 32 via a control line 54 and a signal converter 56.
  • a corresponding signal is sent from the control circuit 32 via a control line 58 and a signal converter 60 to the rotary drive 14 of the workpiece 10 .
  • the rotary drive 14 can also be a constantly rotating motor if a workpiece is to be machined as a rotating body while rotating about its axis during machining.
  • the device shown in the drawing is fundamentally suitable for processing metallic workpieces, especially for the manufacture and regrinding of tools, in particular with very hard cutting edges, for example made of polycrystalline material.
  • the cutting edges of the workpiece can first be machined using the tool 16 by spark erosion or by erosion grinding.
  • the surfaces that are still relatively rough in this machining process can then be finished in the same clamping of the workpiece 10 and with the aid of the same control circuit by means of the grinding tool 18. It is possible to either process tooth by tooth or edge by edge of the workpiece 10 in succession first with the eroding tool 16 and then with the grinding tool 18, or first all teeth or cutting with the eroding tool 16 and then again all teeth or cutting one after the other with the grinding tool 18.
  • the spark current Is unlike in the previous eroding process, is no longer used to remove material, but only to control the relative position between the workpiece 10 and the grinding tool 18.
  • the workpiece 10 can thus be moved quickly and automatically very precisely up to a specific distance or until the abrasive grains come into contact with the grinding tool 18 - or conversely, the workpiece 10 - in order to touch it.
  • the desired starting position for the grinding process can be set very precisely in the manner described, because each spark gap between the tool and the workpiece is a specific one even in the case of the electrically conductive grinding tool 18 Spark current Is is assigned, the value of which is passed to the control circuit 32 and is compared there with a specific target value for the starting position or contact position. Even during the mechanical During the grinding process by means of the grinding wheel 18, the spark voltage Us can be maintained in order to generate a spark current Is to the extent of a measuring or control current and in this way to control the mechanical grinding contact between the grinding wheel 18 and the workpiece 10. The eroding effect of the sparks is kept to a minimum in this processing step in order not to impair the smoothing effect of the mechanical grinding process.
  • the method according to the invention can also be used in conjunction with a control of the grinding wheel feed as a function of the torque or the rotational speed influenced thereby.
  • a control of the grinding wheel feed as a function of the torque or the rotational speed influenced thereby.
  • Such a control ensures that whenever the pressure of the grinding wheel against the workpiece becomes too great, the grinding wheel is withdrawn from the workpiece. Then the workpiece is approached again.
  • the invention opens up the possibility that when the grinding wheel is withdrawn from the workpiece, the electrical voltage between these two parts is switched on and the spark current is measured. This then becomes smaller as the distance between the grinding wheel and the workpiece increases, and at a certain limit value for the spark current, the retraction movement of the grinding wheel is stopped and switched back to feed. Then the spark voltage can be switched off again until the next time the grinding wheel presses too hard against the workpiece, its speed drops below a certain limit and it therefore has to be withdrawn again from the workpiece.
  • the method described last shows that the inventive touching of the grinding wheel to the workpiece by means of a spark current can take place not only when approaching but also during a retraction movement.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Constituent Portions Of Griding Lathes, Driving, Sensing And Control (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
EP88107984A 1987-05-25 1988-05-19 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum mechanischen Schleifen von Werkstücken mittels elektrisch leitfähiger Schleifwerkzeuge Expired - Lifetime EP0293673B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3717568 1987-05-25
DE19873717568 DE3717568A1 (de) 1987-05-25 1987-05-25 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum mechanischen schleifen von werkstuecken mittels elektrisch leitfaehiger schleifwerkzeuge

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0293673A2 EP0293673A2 (de) 1988-12-07
EP0293673A3 EP0293673A3 (en) 1990-01-10
EP0293673B1 true EP0293673B1 (de) 1992-08-12

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88107984A Expired - Lifetime EP0293673B1 (de) 1987-05-25 1988-05-19 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum mechanischen Schleifen von Werkstücken mittels elektrisch leitfähiger Schleifwerkzeuge

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4963710A (ja)
EP (1) EP0293673B1 (ja)
JP (1) JP2849387B2 (ja)
DE (2) DE3717568A1 (ja)

Families Citing this family (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CH678292A5 (ja) * 1989-03-29 1991-08-30 Werner Lueber
CH678827A5 (ja) * 1989-03-29 1991-11-15 Werner Lueber
DE19743528C1 (de) 1997-10-01 1999-07-29 Vollmer Werke Maschf Meßeinrichtung an einer Maschine zum Bearbeiten von Werkstücken mit Schneidzähnen, insbes. von Sägeblättern
DE19747018A1 (de) * 1997-10-24 1999-04-29 Ald Vacuum Techn Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Wärmebehandlung von Werkstücken
DE19748673C1 (de) * 1997-11-04 1999-07-01 Vollmer Werke Maschf Maschine zum Bearbeiten von Werkstücken mit Schneidzähnen, insbes. von Sägeblättern
DE102004013031A1 (de) * 2004-03-16 2005-10-06 Waldrich Siegen Werkzeugmaschinen Gmbh Verfahren und Maschine zur Herstellung einer Walze
US7749050B2 (en) * 2006-02-06 2010-07-06 Chien-Min Sung Pad conditioner dresser
US20090127231A1 (en) * 2007-11-08 2009-05-21 Chien-Min Sung Methods of Forming Superhard Cutters and Superhard Cutters Formed Thereby
JP2012020370A (ja) * 2010-07-14 2012-02-02 Denso Corp 放電超音波重畳研削加工方法
RU2466834C2 (ru) * 2011-01-12 2012-11-20 Закрытое акционерное общество "Барнаульский патронный завод" Способ электроэрозионной обработки металла
EP2998066B1 (en) * 2014-09-19 2017-06-14 Mikron Agie Charmilles AG High voltage crash prevention device for machine tools
US10232491B2 (en) * 2015-05-29 2019-03-19 Inland Diamond Products Company Retruing of a grinding wheel using EDM machine
DE102017110196B4 (de) 2017-05-11 2019-12-19 Walter Maschinenbau Gmbh Verfahren und Schleif- und Erodiermaschine zur Bearbeitung eines Werkstücks
CN110919116B (zh) * 2019-11-19 2021-01-01 中国人民解放军第五七一九工厂 一种防止航空发动机高压涡轮叶片榫头底部板片脱落的方法

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4963710A (en) 1990-10-16
EP0293673A2 (de) 1988-12-07
DE3717568A1 (de) 1988-12-08
DE3873621D1 (de) 1992-09-17
JP2849387B2 (ja) 1999-01-20
JPS6445572A (en) 1989-02-20
EP0293673A3 (en) 1990-01-10

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