EP0292555A1 - Double fuel jet burner and method for its implementation - Google Patents

Double fuel jet burner and method for its implementation

Info

Publication number
EP0292555A1
EP0292555A1 EP88900376A EP88900376A EP0292555A1 EP 0292555 A1 EP0292555 A1 EP 0292555A1 EP 88900376 A EP88900376 A EP 88900376A EP 88900376 A EP88900376 A EP 88900376A EP 0292555 A1 EP0292555 A1 EP 0292555A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
burner
gas
orifices
barrel
primary
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP88900376A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Edmond Perthuis
François Audibert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
Original Assignee
IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN filed Critical IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
Publication of EP0292555A1 publication Critical patent/EP0292555A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/20—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone
    • F23D14/22—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other
    • F23D14/24—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other at least one of the fluids being submitted to a swirling motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C6/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion
    • F23C6/04—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection
    • F23C6/045—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection with staged combustion in a single enclosure
    • F23C6/047—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection with staged combustion in a single enclosure with fuel supply in stages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2201/00—Staged combustion
    • F23C2201/20—Burner staging

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a gas burner for fireplaces, in particular for industrial or domestic fireplaces.
  • the present invention is particularly well suited to the combustion of gases. However, it will not depart from the scope of the present invention using a liquid fuel, possibly pneumatically sprayed.
  • the burner according to the present invention has better performance compared to the burners of the prior art, in particular as regards the content of nitrogen oxides in the gaseous effluents.
  • the fuel introduction device comprises first means for injecting the combustible fluid such as a gas adapted to produce a first substantially axial or slightly divergent jet relative to the axis of the burner and second means for injecting the fluid such a gas adapted to produce a second diverging jet relative to the axis of the burner.
  • the hearth burner according to the present invention comprises a gun for introducing a primary oxidizer, or primary gun, a gun for introducing a secondary oxidizer, or secondary gun, a device for introducing a fluid fuel in particular gas and a deflector-stabilizer located substantially at the end of the barrel primary facing the fireplace.
  • the fuel introduction device can be housed inside the primary barrel which itself can be located inside the secondary barrel.
  • These three bodies can be cylindrical and coaxial.
  • the fuel introduction device may include an injector itself comprising a first series of orifices forming said first means for injecting the fluid and a second series of orifices forming said second means for injecting the fluid.
  • the axis of injection of each of the orifices of the first series may form with the direction defined by the axis of the burner an angle alpha less than 15
  • each of the orifices of the second series may form with the direction defined by said axis of the burner a beta angle of between 40 ° and 60 °.
  • the angle alpha of each of the orifices of the first series may be between 10 and 15 and preferably equal to 12.5.
  • the beta angle of each of the orifices of the second series may be substantially close to 50
  • the axes of the orifices of the first series may be substantially inscribed on the surface of a cone or a cylinder.
  • the first jet will have substantially the shape of a frustoconical sheet.
  • the axes of the orifices of the second series may also be substantially inscribed on the surface of a cone.
  • the second jet will also have substantially the shape of a frustoconical sheet.
  • the secondary barrel can include a convergent intended to direct the secondary oxidant towards the primary oxidant.
  • the fuel introduction device may include a rod at the end of which the first and second gas injection means may be fixed.
  • the present invention also relates to a method for burning oxidant gas, such as oxygen, with fuel gas, such as natural gas.
  • oxidant gas such as oxygen
  • fuel gas such as natural gas.
  • the oxidizing gas is introduced into a hearth by at least two veins, one being central and the other surrounding this central vein.
  • two jets of fuel gas are produced, one of the jets supplying the central vein with oxidizing gas and the other jet supplying the other vein with oxidizing gas.
  • the axial or slightly divergent jet and the divergent jet do not interfere with each other at the outlet of the injector and retain their individuality at this level. This can be obtained in particular if the diverging jet envelopes the slightly diverging axial jet.
  • FIG. 1 represents a schematic view of a gas burner
  • the device described below is suitable for the use of a gaseous fuel, such as natural gas.
  • a gaseous fuel such as natural gas.
  • the reference 1 designates a gas introduction rod which makes it possible to supply the gas injector 2.
  • the burner comprises at least one air introduction pipe or primary oxidizer, or primary barrel, and one air introduction pipe or secondary oxidizer, or secondary barrel.
  • Reference 4 designates the primary gun
  • Reference 5 designates the secondary gun.
  • the primary barrel is housed in the secondary barrel. These guns are substantially cylindrical and coaxial.
  • the gas injection pipe 1 is located inside the primary barrel.
  • Arrows 6 designate the primary air stream and arrows 7 designate the secondary air stream.
  • References 8 and 9 respectively designate the primary and secondary air inlets. These air inlets may have a shape different from that shown in FIG. 1, in particular to minimize the pressure drops. Of course, these inlets can be connected to the same air source or to two different sources, possibly via ent making it possible to control the distribution of air between the two inlets. These bodies may consist, for example, of one or more components.
  • the distribution can be such that the primary area can represent 35 to 70% of the total air, the optimal settings in terms of combustion being nevertheless between 40 and 60%.
  • the ignition of the burner shown in Figure 1 is effected by a torch 10 comprising ignition means such as a candle connected to a high voltage source via a cable 16.
  • the torch 10 is supplied with fuel by a pipe 17. This fuel can be of the same nature as the gas supplying the burner.
  • the burner head illustrated in FIG. 1 comprises a deflector-stabilizer 14 designated simply by the term of deflector in the remainder of this text.
  • This deflector comprises a grid of blades 15 whose angle of inclination on the axis is preferably of the order of 45.
  • the fins 15, for example eighteen in number, can be flat, or preferably have a semi-curvilinear profile which makes it possible to lower the coefficient of intrinsic pressure drop, and therefore the driving pressure of the air at strong heat flows.
  • This deflector 14 can be arranged coaxially with the fuel introduction rod 1, so that an air passage 18 for sweeping or not is arranged in line with the gas introduction head 2.
  • the burner head may include a frustoconical convergent 20 intended to direct the secondary air flow 7 properly.
  • the large base of the frustoconical convergent 20 is substantially located on the plane perpendicular to the axis 19 of the burner passing through the end of the primary barrel.
  • the front ends 21 of the blade heads aooartart substantially in this same plane.
  • the gas injector according to the present invention makes it possible to obtain very slightly divergent or axial gas jets 22 preferentially supplying the central stabilization vortex 23 and highly divergent external gas jets 24 supplying the secondary air stream of a preferential way.
  • the central stabilization vortex is created by the deflector 14.
  • the axial or slightly divergent jet and the divergent jet keep their individuality one compared to the level of the injector.
  • the residence time of the gaseous fuel, conditioned by the angle alpha of the central jets 22, governs the richness of the primary combustion for a distribution between the primary air and the fixed secondary air, which corresponds to a Q / Q ratio. fixed.
  • the angle of the external jets 24 conditions the greater or lesser speed of encounter of the gaseous fuel with the secondary air stream 25 which can be substantially axial, and therefore more or less delay the birth of the secondary combustion.
  • axial secondary air stream it is meant that the air leaving the secondary barrel has little or no gyration movement around the axis of the burner 19.
  • the burner with two air streams equipped with a gas cane as described, constitutes an equipment performing the staging of the combustion, both by the distribution of air and that of the fuel. .
  • FIG. 2 shows in detail the gas injector 2.
  • This injector 2 has two rings of orifices 26 and 27.
  • the orifices of the first series of orifices 26 defined by those of the first crown have axes 27a which form an angle alpha (in Greek letter in FIG. 2) of between 0 and 15 relative to the direction of the axis 19 of the burner. Good results have been obtained for an alpha angle between 10 and 15 and in particular for an alpha angle equal to 12.5.
  • the axes 27a of the orifices 26 of the first ring are inscribed on a cone whose angle at the apex is equal to 2 alpha and is therefore between 0 and 30 °.
  • the orifices of the second series of orifices 27 defined by those of the second crown have axes 28 which form a beta angle (in Greek letter in FIG. 2) of between 40 and 60 relative to the axis 19 of the burner. Good results have been obtained for a beta angle equal to 50.
  • the axes 28 of the orifices 26 are written on a cone whose angle at the apex is equal to 2 beta and is therefore between 80 and 120.
  • the orifices 26 of the first ring are placed on a first frustoconical surface 29 of the burner head.
  • the orifices 27 of the second ring are placed on a second frustoconical surface 30 of the burner head.
  • the orifices 26, 27 may be respectively perpendicular to the frustoconical surfaces 19 and 30 °.
  • the first and second truncated cones 29 and 30 are connected according to the circle 31.
  • the axial or slightly divergent jet does not interfere with the divergent jet at vicinity of the injector. This is achieved, for example, by arranging the first ports inside the second ports.
  • FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of the injector 2. This has the form of a flattened cap 32 and carries a double crown 33, 34 of holes for introducing the first jet and a single crown 35 d 'orifices for introducing the second jet.
  • the number of orifices for introducing the first jet is substantially equal to the number of orifices for introducing the second jet.
  • the total number of orifices of the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 is substantially equal to 90 and the orifices are all of the same diameter.
  • the burner according to the invention is adapted so that the reaction zone Le of the burner nose or primary zone has an oxidant / fuel ratio lower than the same ratio relating to The secondary zone corresponding substantially to the zone or continues and ends the combustion.
  • Fuel richness is therefore greater in the primary zone than in the secondary zone.
  • this richness will be in the primary zone, greater than that corresponding to a stoichiometric reaction.
  • the primary zone will contain more fuel than necessary to consume the oxidant reaching this primary zone.

Abstract

Brûleur pour foyer comportant un canon (4) d'introduction d'un comburant primaire (6), ou canon primaire, un canon (5) d'introduction d'un comburant secondaire (7), ou canon secondaire, un dispositif d'introduction d'un combustible gazeux (1) et un déflecteur-stabilisateur (14) situé sensiblement à l'extrémité du canon primaire faisant face au foyer. Le dispositif d'introduction du combustible (1) comporte des premiers moyens d'injection du combustible (26) adaptés à produire un premier jet (22) sensiblement axial ou légèrement divergent relativement à l'axe du brûleur (19) et des deuxièmes moyens d'injection du combustible (27) adaptés à produire un deuxième jet divergent (24) relativement à l'axe du brûleur. La présente invention peut être utilisée pour la combustion du gaz naturel.Burner for a home comprising a barrel (4) for introducing a primary oxidizer (6), or primary barrel, a barrel (5) for introducing a secondary oxidizer (7), or secondary barrel, a device for introduction of a gaseous fuel (1) and a deflector-stabilizer (14) located substantially at the end of the primary barrel facing the hearth. The fuel introduction device (1) comprises first fuel injection means (26) adapted to produce a first jet (22) that is substantially axial or slightly diverges relative to the axis of the burner (19) and of the second means fuel injection (27) adapted to produce a second divergent jet (24) relative to the axis of the burner. The present invention can be used for the combustion of natural gas.

Description

DOUBLE FUELJET BURNERAND METHOD FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION DOUBLE FUELJET BURNERAND METHOD FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION
La présente invention concerne un brûleur à gaz pour foyer, notamment pour foyer industriel ou domestique.The present invention relates to a gas burner for fireplaces, in particular for industrial or domestic fireplaces.
La présente invention est particulièrement bien adaptée à la combustion de gaz. Toutefois on ne sortira du cadre de la présente invention en utilisant un combustible liquide pulvérisé éventuellement pneumatiquement.The present invention is particularly well suited to the combustion of gases. However, it will not depart from the scope of the present invention using a liquid fuel, possibly pneumatically sprayed.
Le brûleur selon la présente invention dispose de meilleures performances par rapport aux brûleurs de l'art antérieur, notamment en ce qui concerne la teneur en oxydes d'azote des effluents gazeux.The burner according to the present invention has better performance compared to the burners of the prior art, in particular as regards the content of nitrogen oxides in the gaseous effluents.
Le dispositif d'introduction du combustible comporte des premiers moyens d'injection du fluide combustible tel d'un gaz adaptés à produire un premier jet sensiblement axial ou légèrement divergent relativement à l'axe du brûleur et des deuxièmes moyens d'injection du fluide tel un gaz adaptés à produire un deuxième jet divergent relativement à l'axe du brûleur.The fuel introduction device comprises first means for injecting the combustible fluid such as a gas adapted to produce a first substantially axial or slightly divergent jet relative to the axis of the burner and second means for injecting the fluid such a gas adapted to produce a second diverging jet relative to the axis of the burner.
Le brûleur pour foyer selon la présente invention comporte un canon d'introduction d'un comburant primaire, ou canon primaire, un canon d'introduction d'un comburant secondaire, ou canon secondaire, un dispositif d'introduction d'un combustible fluide notamment gazeux et un déflecteui—stabilisateur situé sensiblement à l'extrémité du canon primaire faisant face au foyer.The hearth burner according to the present invention comprises a gun for introducing a primary oxidizer, or primary gun, a gun for introducing a secondary oxidizer, or secondary gun, a device for introducing a fluid fuel in particular gas and a deflector-stabilizer located substantially at the end of the barrel primary facing the fireplace.
Le dispositif d'introduction du combustible pourra être Logé à L'intérieur du canon primaire qui Lui-même pourra être situé à L'intérieur du canon secondaire. Ces trois organes pourront être cylindriques et coaxiaux.The fuel introduction device can be housed inside the primary barrel which itself can be located inside the secondary barrel. These three bodies can be cylindrical and coaxial.
Le dispositif d'introduction du combustible pourra comporter un injecteur comportant Lui-même une première série d'orifices formant lesdits premiers moyens d'injection du fluide et une deuxième série d'orifices formant lesdits deuxièmes moyens d'injection du fluide. L'axe d'injection de chacun des orifices de La première série pourra former avec la direction définie par l'axe du brûleur un angle alpha inférieur à 15The fuel introduction device may include an injector itself comprising a first series of orifices forming said first means for injecting the fluid and a second series of orifices forming said second means for injecting the fluid. The axis of injection of each of the orifices of the first series may form with the direction defined by the axis of the burner an angle alpha less than 15
L'axe de chacun des orifices de La deuxième série pourra former avec La direction définie par ledit axe du brûleur un angle bêta compris entre 40° et 60°.The axis of each of the orifices of the second series may form with the direction defined by said axis of the burner a beta angle of between 40 ° and 60 °.
L'angle alpha de chacun des orifices de la première série pourra être compris entre 10 et 15 et préférentiellement égal à 12,5 .The angle alpha of each of the orifices of the first series may be between 10 and 15 and preferably equal to 12.5.
L'angle Bêta de chacun des orifices de La deuxième série pourra être sensiblement voisin de 50The beta angle of each of the orifices of the second series may be substantially close to 50
Les axes des orifices de La première série pourront être sensiblement inscrits sur la surface d'un cône ou d'un cylindre. Ainsi le premier jet aura sensiblement la forme d'un nappe tronconique.The axes of the orifices of the first series may be substantially inscribed on the surface of a cone or a cylinder. Thus the first jet will have substantially the shape of a frustoconical sheet.
Les axes des orifices de La deuxième série pourront être également sensiblement inscrits sur La surface d'un cône. Ainsi le deuxième jet aura également sensiblement La forme d'une nappe tronconique.The axes of the orifices of the second series may also be substantially inscribed on the surface of a cone. Thus the second jet will also have substantially the shape of a frustoconical sheet.
A son extrémité débouchant dans le foyer Le canon secondaire pourra comporter un convergent destiné à diriger le comburant secondaire vers le comburant primaire.At its end opening into the hearth The secondary barrel can include a convergent intended to direct the secondary oxidant towards the primary oxidant.
Le dispositif d'introduction du combustible pourra comporter une canne à l'extrémité de laquelle pourront être fixés les premiers et deuxièmes moyens d'injection du gaz.The fuel introduction device may include a rod at the end of which the first and second gas injection means may be fixed.
La présente invention concerne également un procédé pour brûler du gaz comburant, tel de l'oxygène, avec du gaz carburant, tel du gaz naturel. Le gaz comburant est introduit dans un foyer par au moins deux veines, l'une étant centrale et l'autre entourant cette veine centrale.The present invention also relates to a method for burning oxidant gas, such as oxygen, with fuel gas, such as natural gas. The oxidizing gas is introduced into a hearth by at least two veins, one being central and the other surrounding this central vein.
Suivant le procédé selon l'invention on produit deux jets de gaz carburant l'un des jets alimentant la veine centrale de gaz comburant et L'autre jet alimentant l'autre veine de gaz comburant.According to the method according to the invention, two jets of fuel gas are produced, one of the jets supplying the central vein with oxidizing gas and the other jet supplying the other vein with oxidizing gas.
Selon un aspect important de la présente invention le jet axial ou légèrement divergent et le jet divergent n'interfèrent pas entre eux à La sortie de l'injecteur et conservent leur individualité à ce niveau là. Ceci peut être obtenu notamment si le jet divergent enveloppe le jet axial légèrement divergent.According to an important aspect of the present invention, the axial or slightly divergent jet and the divergent jet do not interfere with each other at the outlet of the injector and retain their individuality at this level. This can be obtained in particular if the diverging jet envelopes the slightly diverging axial jet.
La présente invention sera mieux comprise et ses avantages apparaîtront plus clairement à la description qui suit d'un exemple particulier, illustrée par les figures annexées, parmi lesquelles :The present invention will be better understood and its advantages will appear more clearly on description which follows of a particular example, illustrated by the appended figures, among which:
- la figure 1 représente une vue schématique d'un brûleur à gaz, etFIG. 1 represents a schematic view of a gas burner, and
- les figures 2 et 3 illustrent de manière plus détaillée deux modes de réalisation particuliers de l'injecteur.- Figures 2 and 3 illustrate in more detail two particular embodiments of the injector.
Le dispositif décrit ci-après, à titre d'exemple non limitatif, est adapté à l'utilisat on d'un combustible gazeux, tel du gaz naturel. Sur La figure 1 La référence 1 désigne une canne d'introduction du gaz qui permet d'alimenter L'injecteur du gaz 2.The device described below, by way of nonlimiting example, is suitable for the use of a gaseous fuel, such as natural gas. In FIG. 1 The reference 1 designates a gas introduction rod which makes it possible to supply the gas injector 2.
Le brûleur comporte au moins une canalisation d'introduction de L'air ou comburant primaire, ou canon primaire, et une canalisation d'introduction de L'air ou comburant secondaire, ou canon secondaire. Sur La figure 1, La référence 4 désigne Le canon primaire et La référence 5 Le canon secondaire. Le canon primaire est Logé dans le canon secondaire. Ces canons sont sensiblement cylindriques et coaxiaux. La canne d'injection du gaz 1 est située à L'intérieur du canon primaire.The burner comprises at least one air introduction pipe or primary oxidizer, or primary barrel, and one air introduction pipe or secondary oxidizer, or secondary barrel. In Figure 1, Reference 4 designates the primary gun and Reference 5 designates the secondary gun. The primary barrel is housed in the secondary barrel. These guns are substantially cylindrical and coaxial. The gas injection pipe 1 is located inside the primary barrel.
Les flèches 6 désignent la veine d'air primaire et les flèches 7 La veine d'air secondaire.Arrows 6 designate the primary air stream and arrows 7 designate the secondary air stream.
Les références 8 et 9 désignent respectivement Les entrées d'air primaire et secondaire. Ces entrées d'air pourront avoir une forme différente de celle représentée sur la figure 1, notamment pour minimiser Les pertes de charge. Bien entendu, ces entrées peuvent être reliées à une même source d'air ou à deux sources différentes, éventuelLe ent par l'intermédiaire d'organes permettant de contrôler La distribution d'air entre les deux entrées. Ces organes peuvent être constitués, par exemple, d'un ou de plusieurs volets.References 8 and 9 respectively designate the primary and secondary air inlets. These air inlets may have a shape different from that shown in FIG. 1, in particular to minimize the pressure drops. Of course, these inlets can be connected to the same air source or to two different sources, possibly via ent making it possible to control the distribution of air between the two inlets. These bodies may consist, for example, of one or more components.
La distribution pourra être telle que l'aire primaire puisse représenter 35 à 70 % de l'air total, les réglages optimaux sur le plan de la combustion se situant néanmoins entre 40 et 60 %. On désignera dans La suite de ce texte le débit d'air primaire par Q , le débit d'air secondaire par Q et le débit total d'air par Q = Q + Q . s p sThe distribution can be such that the primary area can represent 35 to 70% of the total air, the optimal settings in terms of combustion being nevertheless between 40 and 60%. The following will designate the primary air flow by Q, the secondary air flow by Q and the total air flow by Q = Q + Q. s p s
L'allumage du brûleur représenté sur la figure 1 s'effectue grâce à une torche 10 comportant des moyens d'allumage tels qu'une bougie reliée à une source de haute tension par l'intermédiaire d'un câble 16. La torche 10 est alimentée en combustible par une canalisation 17. Ce combustible peut être de même nature que le gaz alimentant le brûleur.The ignition of the burner shown in Figure 1 is effected by a torch 10 comprising ignition means such as a candle connected to a high voltage source via a cable 16. The torch 10 is supplied with fuel by a pipe 17. This fuel can be of the same nature as the gas supplying the burner.
On remarque sur cette figure un emplacement 13 prévu dans le brûleur sensiblement au niveau de L'entrée de l'air secondaire, cet emplacement permettant d'introduire une cellule 12 de détection de flamme.Note in this figure a location 13 provided in the burner substantially at the level of the inlet of the secondary air, this location making it possible to introduce a flame detection cell 12.
La tête du brûleur illustrée sur la figure 1 comporte un déflecteur-stabilisateur 14 désigné simplement par le terme de déflecteur dans la suite de ce texte. Ce déflecteur comporte une grille d'aubes 15 dont l'angle d'inclinaison sur l'axe est de préférence de l'ordre de 45 . Les ailettes 15, par exemple au nombre de dix-huit, peuvent être planes, ou avoir préférentiel lement un profil semi-curviligne qui permet d'abaisser le coefficient de perte de charge intrinsèque, et donc la pression motrice de l'air aux forts débits calorifiques.The burner head illustrated in FIG. 1 comprises a deflector-stabilizer 14 designated simply by the term of deflector in the remainder of this text. This deflector comprises a grid of blades 15 whose angle of inclination on the axis is preferably of the order of 45. The fins 15, for example eighteen in number, can be flat, or preferably have a semi-curvilinear profile which makes it possible to lower the coefficient of intrinsic pressure drop, and therefore the driving pressure of the air at strong heat flows.
Ce déflecteur 14 pourra être disposé coaxialement à la canne d'introduction de combustible 1, de telle sorte que soit ménagé ou non un passage d'air 18 de balayage au droit de la tête d'introduction du gaz 2.This deflector 14 can be arranged coaxially with the fuel introduction rod 1, so that an air passage 18 for sweeping or not is arranged in line with the gas introduction head 2.
La tête de brûleur peut comporter un convergent tronconique 20 destiné à diriger convenablement le flux d'air secondaire 7.The burner head may include a frustoconical convergent 20 intended to direct the secondary air flow 7 properly.
Sur la figure 1, la grande base du convergent tronconique 20 est sensiblement située sur le plan perpendiculaire à l'axe 19 du brûleur passant par l'extrémité du canon primaire.In Figure 1, the large base of the frustoconical convergent 20 is substantially located on the plane perpendicular to the axis 19 of the burner passing through the end of the primary barrel.
En outre, on voit sur cette figure que les extrémités frontales 21 des têtes d'aubes aooartiennent sensiblement à ce même plan. L'injecteur du gaz selon la présente invention permet l'obtention de jets de gaz 22 très faiblement divergents ou axiaux alimentant préférentiellement Le vortex central de stabilisation 23 et de jets de gaz 24 externes fortement divergents, alimentant la veine d'air secondaire d'une manière préférentielle.Furthermore, it can be seen in this figure that the front ends 21 of the blade heads aooartart substantially in this same plane. The gas injector according to the present invention makes it possible to obtain very slightly divergent or axial gas jets 22 preferentially supplying the central stabilization vortex 23 and highly divergent external gas jets 24 supplying the secondary air stream of a preferential way.
Le vortex central de stabilisation est créé par Le déflecteur 14.The central stabilization vortex is created by the deflector 14.
Le jet axial ou légèrement divergent et le jet divergent gardent Leur individualité l'un par rapport au niveau de l'injecteur.The axial or slightly divergent jet and the divergent jet keep their individuality one compared to the level of the injector.
Le temps de séjour du combustible gazeux, conditionné par l'angle alpha des jets centraux 22, gouverne La richesse de la combustion primaire pour une répartition entre l'air primaire et l'air secondaire fixée, ce qui correspond à un rapport Q /Q fixé.The residence time of the gaseous fuel, conditioned by the angle alpha of the central jets 22, governs the richness of the primary combustion for a distribution between the primary air and the fixed secondary air, which corresponds to a Q / Q ratio. fixed.
L'angle des jets externes 24 conditionne la plus ou moins grande rapidité de rencontre du combustible gazeux avec la veine d'air secondaire 25 qui peut être sensiblement axiale, et donc retarder plus ou moins la naissance de La combustion secondaire. Par veine d'air secondaire axiale, on entend que L'air sortant du canon secondaire n'a pas ou pratiquement pas de mouvement de giration autour de L'axe du brûleur 19.The angle of the external jets 24 conditions the greater or lesser speed of encounter of the gaseous fuel with the secondary air stream 25 which can be substantially axial, and therefore more or less delay the birth of the secondary combustion. By axial secondary air stream, it is meant that the air leaving the secondary barrel has little or no gyration movement around the axis of the burner 19.
Ainsi, on peut considérer que le brûleur à deux veines d'air, équipé d'une canne de gaz telle que décrite, constitue un équipement réalisant L'étagement de la combustion, tant par la répartition de L'air que par celle du combustible.Thus, it can be considered that the burner with two air streams, equipped with a gas cane as described, constitutes an equipment performing the staging of the combustion, both by the distribution of air and that of the fuel. .
Ceci explique Les performances relatives aux faibles émission de No x quand on choisit correctement Qp/Q, alpha et bêta.This explains the performances relative to the low emission of No x when one chooses correctly Qp / Q, alpha and beta.
La figure 2 montre de façon détaillée l'injecteur de gaz 2. Cet injecteur 2 comporte deux couronnes d'orifices 26 et 27.Figure 2 shows in detail the gas injector 2. This injector 2 has two rings of orifices 26 and 27.
Les orifices de La première série d'orifices 26 définie par ceux de la première couronne ont des axes 27a qui forment un angle alpha (en lettre grecque sur la figure 2) compris entre 0 et 15 par rapport à la direction de l'axe 19 du brûleur. De bons résultats ont été obtenus pour un angle alpha compris entre 10 et 15 et notamment pour un angle alpha égal à 12,5 .The orifices of the first series of orifices 26 defined by those of the first crown have axes 27a which form an angle alpha (in Greek letter in FIG. 2) of between 0 and 15 relative to the direction of the axis 19 of the burner. Good results have been obtained for an alpha angle between 10 and 15 and in particular for an alpha angle equal to 12.5.
Les axes 27a des orifices 26 de la première couronne sont inscrits sur un cône dont l'angle au sommet est égal à 2 alpha et est donc compris entre 0 et 30°.The axes 27a of the orifices 26 of the first ring are inscribed on a cone whose angle at the apex is equal to 2 alpha and is therefore between 0 and 30 °.
Les orifices de la deuxième série d'orifices 27 définie par ceux de La deuxième couronne ont des axes 28 qui forment un angle bêta (en lettre grecque sur la figure 2) compris entre 40 et 60 par rapport à l'axe 19 du brûleur. De bons résultats ont été obtenus pour un angle bêta égal à 50 .The orifices of the second series of orifices 27 defined by those of the second crown have axes 28 which form a beta angle (in Greek letter in FIG. 2) of between 40 and 60 relative to the axis 19 of the burner. Good results have been obtained for a beta angle equal to 50.
Les axes 28 des orifices 26 sont incrits sur un cône dont l'angle au sommet est égal à 2 bêta et est donc compris entre 80 et 120 .The axes 28 of the orifices 26 are written on a cone whose angle at the apex is equal to 2 beta and is therefore between 80 and 120.
Les orifices 26 de la première couronne sont placés sur une première surface tronconique 29 de la tête du brûleur. De même les orifices 27 de la deuxième couronne sont placés sur une deuxième surface tronconique 30 de la tête du brûleur. Les orifices 26, 27 pourront être respectivement perpendiculaires aux surfaces tronconiques 19 et 30°.The orifices 26 of the first ring are placed on a first frustoconical surface 29 of the burner head. Likewise, the orifices 27 of the second ring are placed on a second frustoconical surface 30 of the burner head. The orifices 26, 27 may be respectively perpendicular to the frustoconical surfaces 19 and 30 °.
Sur la figure 2 les premier et deuxième troncs de cône 29 et 30 sont raccordés selon le cercle 31.In FIG. 2, the first and second truncated cones 29 and 30 are connected according to the circle 31.
Selon un aspect important de la présente invention, le jet axial ou légèrement divergent n'interfère pas avec le jet divergent au voisinage de l'injecteur. Ceci est obtenu, par exemple, en disposant les premiers orifices à L'intérieur des deuxièmes orifices.According to an important aspect of the present invention, the axial or slightly divergent jet does not interfere with the divergent jet at vicinity of the injector. This is achieved, for example, by arranging the first ports inside the second ports.
La figure 3 montre un autre mode de réalisation de L'injecteur 2. Celle-ci a La forme d'une calotte applatie 32 et porte une double couronne 33, 34 d'orifices d'introduction du premier jet et une seule couronne 35 d'orifices d'introduction du deuxième jet.FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of the injector 2. This has the form of a flattened cap 32 and carries a double crown 33, 34 of holes for introducing the first jet and a single crown 35 d 'orifices for introducing the second jet.
Selon ce mode de réalisation, Le nombre d'orifices d'introduction du premier jet est sensiblement égal au nombre d'orifices d'introduction du deuxième jet.According to this embodiment, the number of orifices for introducing the first jet is substantially equal to the number of orifices for introducing the second jet.
Le nombre total d'orifices du mode de réalisation représenté à la figure 3 est sensiblement égal à 90 et les orifices sont tous de même diamètre.The total number of orifices of the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 is substantially equal to 90 and the orifices are all of the same diameter.
Selon un mode de réalisation particulièrement avantageux le brûleur selon l'invention est adapté à ce que la zone réactionnelLe du nez du brûleur ou zone primaire ait un rapport comburant/combustible inférieur au même rapport relatif à La zone secondaire correspondant sensiblement à la zone ou se poursuit et s'achève la combustion.According to a particularly advantageous embodiment, the burner according to the invention is adapted so that the reaction zone Le of the burner nose or primary zone has an oxidant / fuel ratio lower than the same ratio relating to The secondary zone corresponding substantially to the zone or continues and ends the combustion.
Ainsi La richesse en combustible est plus importante dans la zone primaire que dans La zone secondaire.Fuel richness is therefore greater in the primary zone than in the secondary zone.
PréférentieLlement cette richesse sera dans la zone primaire, supérieure à celle correspondant à une réaction stoechiométrique. Ainsi la zone primaire comportera plus de carburant que nécessaire pour consommer le comburant parvenant à cette zone primaire.Preferably, this richness will be in the primary zone, greater than that corresponding to a stoichiometric reaction. Thus the primary zone will contain more fuel than necessary to consume the oxidant reaching this primary zone.
Ces conditions peuvent être satisfaites tant par la répartition des débits de comburant entre les veines primaire et secondaire que par la configuration géométrique de L'injecteur c'est-à-dire la répartition spatiale de jet et/ou les sections de passages du combustible. These conditions can be satisfied both by the distribution of the oxidant flow rates between the primary and secondary streams and by the geometric configuration of the injector, that is to say the spatial distribution of the jet and / or the sections of fuel passages.

Claims

R E V E N D I C A T I O N S
1. - Brûleur pour foyer comportant un canon (4) d'introduction d'un comburant primaire (6), ou canon primaire, un canon (5) d'introduction d'un comburant secondaire (7), ou canon secondaire, un dispositif d'introduction d'un combustible fluide (1) et un déflecteur-stab lisateur (14) situé sensiblement à l'extrémité du canon primaire faisant face au foyer, caractérisé en ce que ledit dispositif d'introduction du combustible comporte des premiers moyens d'injection du fluide (26) adaptés à produire un premier jet (22) sensiblement axial ou légèrement divergent, relativement à l'axe du brûleur (19) et des deuxièmes moyens d'injection du fluide (27) adaptés à produire un deuxième jet divergent (24), relativement à l'axe du brûleur.1. - Burner for fireplace comprising a barrel (4) for introducing a primary oxidizer (6), or primary barrel, a barrel (5) for introducing a secondary oxidant (7), or secondary barrel, a device for introducing a fluid fuel (1) and a deflector-stabilizer (14) located substantially at the end of the primary barrel facing the hearth, characterized in that said device for introducing the fuel comprises first means fluid injection means (26) adapted to produce a first jet (22) substantially axial or slightly divergent, relative to the axis of the burner (19) and second fluid injection means (27) adapted to produce a second divergent jet (24), relative to the axis of the burner.
2. - Brûleur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que lesdits premiers moyens d'injection et deuxièmes moyens d'injection sont adaptés à ce que dans la première zone réactionnelLe, ou zone primaire, le rapport comburant/combustible soit inférieur au même rapport correspondant à une combustion stoechiométrique.2. - Burner according to claim 1, characterized in that said first injection means and second injection means are adapted so that in the first reaction zone, or primary zone, the oxidant / fuel ratio is less than the same ratio corresponding to stoichiometric combustion.
3. - Brûleur selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2 caractérisé en ce que lesdits premiers et deuxièmes moyens d'injection sont adaptés à ce que dans la première zone réactionnelLe ou, zone primaire, le rapport comburant/combustible soit inférieur au même rapport relatif à la zone secondaire correspondant sensiblement à la zone ou se poursuit la combustion.3. - Burner according to one of claims 1 or 2 characterized in that said first and second injection means are adapted so that in the first reaction zone or, primary zone, the oxidant / fuel ratio is less than the same ratio relative to the secondary zone corresponding substantially to the zone where combustion continues.
4. - Brûleur selon l'une des revendications représente, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif d'introduction du combustible gazeux est logé à l'intérieur du canon primaire (4) qui est lui-même situé à l'intérieur du canon secondaire (5), ces trois organes étant sensiblement cylindriques et coaxiaux.4. - Burner according to one of the claims represents, characterized in that the device for introducing the gaseous fuel is housed inside the primary barrel ( 4 ) which is itself located inside the secondary barrel ( 5), these three bodies being substantially cylindrical and coaxial.
5. - Brûleur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que Ledit dispositif d'introduction du gaz comporte un injecteur (2) du gaz ayant une première série d'orifices (26) formant Lesdits premiers moyens d'injection du gaz et une deuxième série d'orifices C27) formant Lesdits deuxièmes moyens d'injection du gaz, en ce que l'axe (27a) de chacun des orifices de la première série forme avec la direction définie par ledit axe du brûleur (19) un angle alpha inférieur à 15 et en ce que l'axe C28) de chacun des orifices de la deuxième série forme avec la direction définie par ledit axe (19) du brûleur un angle bêta compris entre 40 et 60 .5. - Burner according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said gas introduction device comprises an injector (2 ) of the gas having a first series of orifices (26) forming said first injection means gas and a second series of orifices C27) forming said second gas injection means, in that the axis (27a) of each of the orifices of the first series forms with the direction defined by said axis of the burner (19 ) an angle alpha less than 15 and in that the axis C28) of each of the orifices of the second series forms with the direction defined by said axis (19) of the burner a beta angle of between 40 and 60.
6. - Brûleur selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que l'angle alpha de chacun des orifices de la première série est compris entre6. - Burner according to claim 5, characterized in that the angle alpha of each of the orifices of the first series is between
10 et 15 et est de préférence sensiblement égal à 12,5 .10 and 15 and is preferably substantially equal to 12.5.
7. - Brûleur selon L'une des revendications 5 ou 6, caractérisé en ce qquuee LL''aannggllee tbêta de chacun des orifices de la deuxième série est -,o voisin de 507. - Burner according to one of claims 5 or 6, characterized in that qquuee LL''aannggllee tbeta of each of the orifices of the second series is -, o close to 50
8. - Brûleur selon l'une des revendications 5 à 7, caractérisé en ce que les axes (27a) des orifices de la première série sont sensiblement inscrits sur la surface d'un cône ou d'un cylindre.8. - Burner according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the axes ( 27a ) of the orifices of the first series are substantially inscribed on the surface of a cone or a cylinder.
9. - Brûleur selon l'une des revendications 5 à 8, caractérisé en ce que les axes (28) des orifices de la deuxième série sont sensiblement inscrits sur la surface d'un cône.9. - Burner according to one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that the axes ( 28 ) of the orifices of the second series are substantially inscribed on the surface of a cone.
10. - Brûleur selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le canon secondaire (5) comporte à son extrémité débouchant dans le foyer un convergent (20) adapté à diriger le comburant secondaire vers le comburant primaire. 10. - Burner according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the secondary barrel (5) has at its end opening into the hearth a convergent (20) adapted to direct the secondary oxidant towards the primary oxidant.
11. - Brûleur selon L'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que Le dispositif d'introduction du combustible comporte une canne à l'extrémité de laquelle sont fixés les premiers et les deuxièmes moyens d'injection du gaz.11. - Burner according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fuel introduction device comprises a cane at the end of which are fixed the first and the second gas injection means.
12. - Procédé pour brûler du gaz carburant avec du gaz comburant, Le gaz comburant étant introduit dans un foyer par au moins deux veines L'une étant centrale et l'autre l'entourant, caractérisé en ce qu'on produit au moins deux jets de gaz carburant, l'un des jet alimentant la veine centrale de gaz comburant, l'autre jet alimentant l'autre veine de gaz comburant. 12. - Method for burning fuel gas with oxidant gas, The oxidant gas being introduced into a hearth by at least two veins One being central and the other surrounding it, characterized in that at least two are produced jets of fuel gas, one of the jets feeding the central vein of oxidizing gas, the other jet feeding the other vein of oxidizing gas.
EP88900376A 1986-12-12 1987-12-11 Double fuel jet burner and method for its implementation Ceased EP0292555A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8617538A FR2608257B1 (en) 1986-12-12 1986-12-12 METHOD FOR BURNING GAS AND GAS BURNER WITH AXIAL JET AND DIVERGENT JET
FR8617538 1986-12-12

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EP0292555A1 true EP0292555A1 (en) 1988-11-30

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US (1) US5147199A (en)
EP (1) EP0292555A1 (en)
JP (1) JPH01502212A (en)
FR (1) FR2608257B1 (en)
WO (1) WO1988004391A1 (en)

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WO1988004391A1 (en) 1988-06-16
FR2608257A1 (en) 1988-06-17
JPH01502212A (en) 1989-08-03
FR2608257B1 (en) 1989-05-19
US5147199A (en) 1992-09-15

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