EP0292406A1 - Verfahren zur Herstellung einer heissen Flüssigkeit und Kessel zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Herstellung einer heissen Flüssigkeit und Kessel zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0292406A1
EP0292406A1 EP88401248A EP88401248A EP0292406A1 EP 0292406 A1 EP0292406 A1 EP 0292406A1 EP 88401248 A EP88401248 A EP 88401248A EP 88401248 A EP88401248 A EP 88401248A EP 0292406 A1 EP0292406 A1 EP 0292406A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
smoke
aforementioned
boiler
fluid
reactor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP88401248A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Lucien Tua
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CNIM Groupe SA
Original Assignee
Constructions Industrielles de la Mediterrane CNIM SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Constructions Industrielles de la Mediterrane CNIM SA filed Critical Constructions Industrielles de la Mediterrane CNIM SA
Publication of EP0292406A1 publication Critical patent/EP0292406A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B31/00—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus
    • F22B31/0007—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed
    • F22B31/0046—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed for boilers of the shell type, e.g. with furnace box
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
    • F24H1/24—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers
    • F24H1/26—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle forming an integral body
    • F24H1/28—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle forming an integral body including one or more furnace or fire tubes
    • F24H1/285—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle forming an integral body including one or more furnace or fire tubes with the fire tubes arranged alongside the combustion chamber

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates and essentially relates to a process for producing a hot fluid or heating a heat-transfer fluid with or without change of phase or physical state and a device forming a boiler for carrying out this process .
  • the invention also relates to the various applications and uses resulting from the implementation of the aforementioned method and / or device as well as the various systems, apparatuses, equipment or installations provided with such devices.
  • a process for producing a hot liquid such as hot water for example, of the type consisting in heating said liquid by indirect heat exchange with flue gases or gases and possibly flames emanating from the combustion of a body and passing through the mass of said liquid according to several separate currents or flow paths, in particular substantially parallel and preferably substantially vertical.
  • boilers are also known, in particular of small capacity, for example with a useful thermal power of up to 10 MW, fitted to industrial or collective heating boilers and burning particularly solid fuels.
  • the main object of the present invention is to eliminate the aforementioned drawbacks by creating a process for producing a hot liquid, such as a hot liquid for example, of the kind mentioned at the start and characterized in that the fumes, in each path to flame, after having crossed the mass of fluid, for example liquid in one direction, are purified and then cross said mass in the opposite direction, then carrying out several successive passages through it alternately in opposite directions, each time according to several separate derived smoke flow paths, different for each passage, before being evacuated while the separate dusts are brought back to the combustion space.
  • a hot liquid such as a hot liquid for example
  • the smoke streams are preferably substantially vertical and, according to another characteristic of the invention, the abovementioned purification of the fumes is carried out by centrifugal static separation of the dusts while the aforementioned return of the dusts eliminated to the combustion space s' performs by gravity.
  • the combustion is preferably carried out in a fluidized bed and, according to yet another characteristic of the invention, the solid fuel is injected into the return flow of the above-mentioned eliminated dust.
  • the fluid in particular liquid to be heated can flow either by natural circulation of the so-called “pool-boiling" type or for example by thermo-siphon or with forced circulation and, in the latter case according to yet another characteristic of the invention, that -This is achieved by a discharge of said fluid, in particular liquid, in forced guidance in a flow preferably at least approximately helical in an annular layer around the aforementioned flame path.
  • the abovementioned purification of the fumes can be carried out either outside or inside the aforementioned flame path.
  • the invention also relates to a device for carrying out the aforementioned method, consisting of a boiler forming a hot fluid generator, of the type substantially substantially cylindrical tubular generally vertical with a body forming a fluid, for example liquid enclosure, disposed above the hearth and traversed by a tubular bundle composed of substantially parallel smoke tubes, opening at the upper part of said body in a smoke box and integral, by their opposite ends, with two respectively lower and upper tube plates forming part of the bottoms of said body.
  • a device for carrying out the aforementioned method consisting of a boiler forming a hot fluid generator, of the type substantially substantially cylindrical tubular generally vertical with a body forming a fluid, for example liquid enclosure, disposed above the hearth and traversed by a tubular bundle composed of substantially parallel smoke tubes, opening at the upper part of said body in a smoke box and integral, by their opposite ends, with two respectively lower and upper tube plates forming part of the bottoms of said body.
  • the outlet of the dust or particles collected from the aforementioned cyclone communicates with the hearth in the aforementioned lower part of the reactor.
  • the device according to the invention therefore consists of an integrated assembly obtained basically by the combination of a smoke tube boiler with combustion equipment preferably in a mobile or circulating fluidized bed, provided with a fly ash separator cyclone , the boiler being able to be fitted, according to the desired use case, to generate hot water in particular superheated or steam, for example saturated at low pressure, the circulation of cold fluid to be heated, consisting for example of water or an emulsion of water and water vapor, which can be natural or forced, that is to say under pressure, being assisted using pumps in particular food while the circulation of the hot fluid constituted by the fumes or combustion gases can be carried out either under pressure in particular by means of a discharge fan or preferably light depression using a suction by a draft fan.
  • a single supply fan which conveys the combustion air generally sucked in at room temperature and then the combustion gases while maintaining the entire air-smoke circuit in overpressure until at the base of the chimney or the flue outlet.
  • a second fan or blowing fan is necessary upstream of the circuit to supply the combustion chamber or the hearth with combustion air at through the heating equipment and ensure the mixing of air with fuel.
  • the boiler is of the multi-fuel type capable of burning a wide variety of solid fuels, in particular fossils or others such as coal or coals (fine or general), peat, lignite, cellulosic fuels, various waste but also liquid fuels such as fuel oil or gaseous such as natural gas; - the boiler accepts in particular all qualities of coals (national or imported); - It achieves a satisfactory combustion efficiency; - it allows for a modulation of the coal supply from 25% to 100%; - it makes it possible to reduce, to the admissible or tolerable level imposed by official regulations for the protection of the environment, polluting emissions by controlling them if necessary by the possible addition of limestone in particular for sulfur dioxide emissions.
  • the invention also offers multiple possibilities for industrial applications, in particular for: - the realization of boiler rooms which can burn sulfurous coals (Gardanne coals) and / or solid residues (wood and waste); - the production of boiler rooms subject to compliance with environmental protection regulations and intended in particular for hospital heating, district heating or for small industries in urban areas.
  • the boiler according to the invention consists essentially of a heat exchanger 2 and a hearth or a combustion chamber 3.
  • the heat exchanger includes heat exchange surfaces delimiting two main circuits, one for the hot fluid constituted by the combustion gases and the other for the cold fluid constituted for example by a liquid such as water or a water-vapor emulsion of water then water vapor.
  • the heat exchanger comprises a generally vertical cylindrical enclosure 4 forming a container of water, delimited by an external envelope consisting essentially of a ferrule, in particular of sheet metal of large dimensions and of two respectively upper and lower end bottoms comprising respectively two plates.
  • tubular 5 and 6 substantially parallel and horizontal between which are installed the smoke tubes 7 intended to be traversed by the combustion gases and bathed by the fluid, for example liquid such as water filling said enclosure.
  • the aforementioned tubular plates 5,6 are assembled to the shell 4 preferably by welding. Sampling of the ferrule and the tubular plates is carried out according to the dimensions and the temperature and pressure conditions prevailing inside the aforementioned enclosure.
  • the tubular bundle is composed of vertical tubes connected to the tubular plates in particular by welding or by swaging.
  • a substantially vertical metallic cylindrical reactor tube, preferably of steel, 8 extends inside the enclosure 4, practically over at least the entire height thereof, being surrounded at least partially by the tubular plates 5, 6 respectively above and below.
  • the upper tube plate 5 is surmounted or capped by a smoke box 9 covering the entire upper surface of the tube plate 5 and limited to the peripheral outline thereof while the lower tube plate 6 surmounts a lower smoke box 10 covering the underside of this tube plate limited to the peripheral outline thereof.
  • the reactor tube 8 extends downwards outside the enclosure 4, thus being constituted by two distinct sections or portions, namely: - An upper section 8a fully submerged in the water contained in the enclosure or tank 4 and where the heat is transferred from the reactor tube to the water; and - A lower section 8b containing the hearth or the combustion chamber comprising a movable mechanical grid (not shown) supporting the active area of the fluidized bed.
  • This fluidization grid may be of a slightly concave shape or be inclined in one direction, so as to favor the flow or the progression and the extraction of the ashes.
  • the upper or internal section 8a of the reactor tube which is subjected to an external pressure exerted by the water bathing it, may include external stiffeners according to the operating conditions and the size of the installation.
  • the connections between the reactor tube 8 and the upper 5 and lower 6 tube plates respectively are made either directly by welding or by the intermediary of an expansion bellows for example.
  • the lower or outer section 8b of the reactor tube which is constituted by the extension of the latter downwards under the tank 4, can be walled either cooled or uncooled.
  • this lower section comprises a double wall defining an intermediate annular space for circulation of a cooling fluid such as water for example or a single wall internally provided with a refractory lining 12 (see FIGS. 4 and 5) .
  • the upper end part of the reactor tube 8 communicates, by a lateral duct 13 preferably provided with an internal refractory lining, with a cyclone 14 placed outside the body 4 of the boiler and effecting the capture and the separation of the solid particles contained in the smoke at the upper outlet of the reactor tube.
  • the conduit 13 is connected in such a way to the cylindrical body for rotating 14a of the cyclone 14 so that the mixture of smoke and dust or solid particles enters tangentially into this cylindrical body for rotating which may include one or more such mixing inlet openings.
  • This cylindrical rotational body 14a is extended downwards by a conical body 14b for the fall of separated or eliminated solid particles, which descend by gravity along a vertical duct 15 advantageously provided, at its lower end, with a siphon 16 connected by a conduit 17 to the interior space 18 of the lower section 8b of the reactor tube.
  • the upper upper part of the cyclone comprises a central tube 19 for the outlet of the purified smoke, which is connected to the upper smoke box 9.
  • This external cyclone 14 can be either of the hot type comprising in particular a metallic envelope in particular of steel and internally lined with a thermally insulating refractory lining (see FIG. 4) or of the double-walled type defining an intermediate annular space for circulation of a gaseous or liquid coolant, such as air or water for example.
  • a gaseous or liquid coolant such as air or water for example.
  • the upper smoke box 9 communicates, at a location specified below, with a duct 20 connected to a dust collector 21 provided with a smoke evacuation orifice 22 possibly connected to a chimney or a flue (see FIGS. 2 and 3).
  • Fuel for example solid such as coal
  • Fuel is preferably first stored in an unloading pit 23 from which it reaches a feed hopper 24 (see FIGS. 2 and 3) connected to its lower part by a conduit 25 to the conduit 17 downstream of the sealing siphon 16, so that the solid fuel is thus injected into the flow of dust returning to the combustion space 18.
  • the conduit 25 can lead directly into the hearth 18, so that the solid fuel will then be injected directly into the hearth, preferably through a variable speed fuel system (see Figure 5).
  • the cyclone 14 ′ is disposed directly inside the reactor tube and made of refractory materials such as refractory steel or other materials resistant to high temperatures.
  • the reactor tube is advantageously surrounded coaxially, preferably over its entire height, by a jacket 26 radially spaced from the reactor towards the outside and delimiting, with the latter an intermediate annular space 27 for forced circulation of liquid, this jacket thus extends over the entire length of the reactor tube 8, that is to say on its internal upper section 8a and on its external lower section 8b ( thus helping to cool the hearth) as shown in Figure 5.
  • the liquid such as water enters the boiler by entering the annular space 27 through the lower end thereof and out of this annular space through the upper extreme part of the latter to enter the liquid enclosure of the body 4.
  • a baffle (not shown) is advantageously placed in the annular space 27 around the reactor tube 8 to thereby force the water to circulate in a guided way around the reactor tube.
  • the jacket 26 may be integral with the reactor tube 8 or not integral with the latter if the differential expansions are too great.
  • the inner cyclone 14 ′ has, at its lower part, a vertical central duct 15 ′, substantially coaxial with the reactor tube 8 and extending downwards until it penetrates into the outer lower section 8b of the reactor tube, so as to pour the captured dust or particles falling from the interior cyclone and thus returning to the hearth 18.
  • FIG. 6 represents a cross section of the reactor tube at the level of the interior cyclone and the arrows there represent the tangential inputs of the smoke laden with dust coming from the reactor in the cyclone and their paths in it.
  • the tube bundle 7 is composed of two groups of smoke tubes opening respectively, by their upper ends through the upper tube plate 5, into two separate adjacent compartments 9a and 9b of the box. smoke flue 9. These two groups of smoke tubes open respectively by their lower ends through the lower tube plate 6 into the common cavity of the lower smoke box 10.
  • combustion in particular in a fluidized bed in the hearth produces flames and fumes which rise in the reactor tube 8 while yielding their sensible heat to the water bathing it.
  • these fumes charged with dust or fly ash leave the reactor tube 8 through at least one orifice 29 passing through the side wall of the reactor tube to penetrate by at least one connecting duct 13 into the cyclone 14 or 14 ′ Where the fumes are purified, that is to say free of their dust.
  • the path rising fumes in the reactor tube is symbolized by the arrow 30 in FIG. 1.
  • the purified fumes leave the cyclone 14,14 ′ via its central upper outlet tube 19 to enter the upper smoke box 9 by entering the first compartment 9a of the latter along the path symbolized by the arrow 31. From compartment 9a, the purified fumes pass by descending the first group of smoke tubes along the vertical descending path symbolized by the arrow 32 thereby yielding their sensible heat with the water bathing the smoke tubes of this group to then penetrate below into the lower smoke box 10 from which they rise through the second group of smoke tubes along the upward vertical path symbolized by the arrow 33 in y also yielding their heat sensitive to the water bathing the smoke tubes of this group, finally leading to the second compartment 9b of the upper smoke box 9 and being evacuated from the boiler by the conduit 20 which brings them to the dust collector 21 from which they escape through the orifice 22.
  • the oxidizing and fluidizing air is brought to the hearth by a fan, in particular a preferably centrifugal blower 34, through a discharge duct 35.
  • the heating rate is modulated by varying the fuel flow and the air flow simultaneously.
  • the temperature of the fluidized bed, at intermediate speeds, is adjusted by acting on the proportions of primary air and secondary air at the different injection levels.
  • auxiliary burner On the wall of the hearth or external lower section of the reactor tube are arranged at least one auxiliary burner, lances for injecting auxiliary fuel, the instruments in particular for measuring pressure and temperature, the fitting fittings, circulation pumps. if necessary and an ash extraction system.
  • the auxiliary fuel is used for starting (up to the suitable temperature of the fluidized bed to promote combustion of the latter) or as occasional back-up and is burned in the auxiliary burner installed in the lower part of the reactor tube.
  • the ash extraction under the reactor tube is carried out continuously or intermittently depending on the pressure drop through the fluidized bed, by means of a system of pipes 36 opening into a collection well 37 ( Figure 2) into which also opens the dust outlet duct 38 connected to the lower part of the dust collector 21.
  • the ash extractor is advantageously a volumetric extractor with variable speed and double wall cooled by water circulation for example.
  • the efficiency and the economic character of the present invention are attributable in particular to the fact that the fumes, charged with dust, leave the reactor tube in the upper part to then pass through the cyclone where they are purified and then flow vertically from top to bottom then from bottom at the top inside the smoke tubes, the smoke outlet being either in the lower part or in the upper part of the boiler depending on the number of passages.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
EP88401248A 1987-05-22 1988-05-20 Verfahren zur Herstellung einer heissen Flüssigkeit und Kessel zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens Withdrawn EP0292406A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8707250 1987-05-22
FR8707250A FR2615600B1 (fr) 1987-05-22 1987-05-22 Procede de production d'un fluide chaud et chaudiere pour l'execution de ce procede

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0292406A1 true EP0292406A1 (de) 1988-11-23

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88401248A Withdrawn EP0292406A1 (de) 1987-05-22 1988-05-20 Verfahren zur Herstellung einer heissen Flüssigkeit und Kessel zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens

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EP (1) EP0292406A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2615600B1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102183012A (zh) * 2011-05-19 2011-09-14 郭古金 一种工业与民用小型循环流化床锅炉

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3972180A (en) * 1971-09-21 1976-08-03 Chicago Bridge & Iron Company High pressure reactor with turbo expander
GB2009905A (en) * 1977-10-06 1979-06-20 Northern Eng Ind Returning fuel residues to a fluidised bed boiler combustion chamber
GB2028985A (en) * 1978-08-23 1980-03-12 Vosper Thornycroft Ltd Improvements in and relating to boilers
EP0092622A1 (de) * 1982-04-20 1983-11-02 YORK-SHIPLEY, Inc. Fliessbettanlage und Betriebsverfahren dafür
EP0005964B1 (de) * 1978-05-31 1984-03-07 Deborah Fluidised Combustion Limited Kessel und Verbrennungsvorrichtung hierfür
WO1985004117A1 (en) * 1984-03-20 1985-09-26 Rauma-Repola Oy Two- or multi-component reactor
DE3440583A1 (de) * 1984-11-07 1986-05-07 Buderus Ag, 6330 Wetzlar Dampf- oder heisswassererzeuger

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3972180A (en) * 1971-09-21 1976-08-03 Chicago Bridge & Iron Company High pressure reactor with turbo expander
GB2009905A (en) * 1977-10-06 1979-06-20 Northern Eng Ind Returning fuel residues to a fluidised bed boiler combustion chamber
EP0005964B1 (de) * 1978-05-31 1984-03-07 Deborah Fluidised Combustion Limited Kessel und Verbrennungsvorrichtung hierfür
GB2028985A (en) * 1978-08-23 1980-03-12 Vosper Thornycroft Ltd Improvements in and relating to boilers
EP0092622A1 (de) * 1982-04-20 1983-11-02 YORK-SHIPLEY, Inc. Fliessbettanlage und Betriebsverfahren dafür
WO1985004117A1 (en) * 1984-03-20 1985-09-26 Rauma-Repola Oy Two- or multi-component reactor
DE3440583A1 (de) * 1984-11-07 1986-05-07 Buderus Ag, 6330 Wetzlar Dampf- oder heisswassererzeuger

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102183012A (zh) * 2011-05-19 2011-09-14 郭古金 一种工业与民用小型循环流化床锅炉

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2615600B1 (fr) 1990-04-20
FR2615600A1 (fr) 1988-11-25

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