EP0292357A1 - Method for cutting thin sheets, in particular metal plates, and elastomeric material used in this method - Google Patents

Method for cutting thin sheets, in particular metal plates, and elastomeric material used in this method Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0292357A1
EP0292357A1 EP88401119A EP88401119A EP0292357A1 EP 0292357 A1 EP0292357 A1 EP 0292357A1 EP 88401119 A EP88401119 A EP 88401119A EP 88401119 A EP88401119 A EP 88401119A EP 0292357 A1 EP0292357 A1 EP 0292357A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hardness
zones
elastic
punch
mass
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Granted
Application number
EP88401119A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0292357B1 (en
Inventor
Gabriel De Smet
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Isoform SNC
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Isoform SNC
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Priority to AT88401119T priority Critical patent/ATE62432T1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D28/00—Shaping by press-cutting; Perforating
    • B21D28/02—Punching blanks or articles with or without obtaining scrap; Notching
    • B21D28/18—Yieldable, e.g. rubber, punching pads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/10—Stamping using yieldable or resilient pads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26F—PERFORATING; PUNCHING; CUTTING-OUT; STAMPING-OUT; SEVERING BY MEANS OTHER THAN CUTTING
    • B26F1/00—Perforating; Punching; Cutting-out; Stamping-out; Apparatus therefor
    • B26F1/38—Cutting-out; Stamping-out
    • B26F1/44—Cutters therefor; Dies therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26F—PERFORATING; PUNCHING; CUTTING-OUT; STAMPING-OUT; SEVERING BY MEANS OTHER THAN CUTTING
    • B26F1/00—Perforating; Punching; Cutting-out; Stamping-out; Apparatus therefor
    • B26F1/38—Cutting-out; Stamping-out
    • B26F1/40—Cutting-out; Stamping-out using a press, e.g. of the ram type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26F—PERFORATING; PUNCHING; CUTTING-OUT; STAMPING-OUT; SEVERING BY MEANS OTHER THAN CUTTING
    • B26F1/00—Perforating; Punching; Cutting-out; Stamping-out; Apparatus therefor
    • B26F1/38—Cutting-out; Stamping-out
    • B26F1/44—Cutters therefor; Dies therefor
    • B26F2001/4436—Materials or surface treatments therefore
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26F—PERFORATING; PUNCHING; CUTTING-OUT; STAMPING-OUT; SEVERING BY MEANS OTHER THAN CUTTING
    • B26F1/00—Perforating; Punching; Cutting-out; Stamping-out; Apparatus therefor
    • B26F1/38—Cutting-out; Stamping-out
    • B26F1/44—Cutters therefor; Dies therefor
    • B26F2001/4445—Matrices, female dies, creasing tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26F—PERFORATING; PUNCHING; CUTTING-OUT; STAMPING-OUT; SEVERING BY MEANS OTHER THAN CUTTING
    • B26F1/00—Perforating; Punching; Cutting-out; Stamping-out; Apparatus therefor
    • B26F1/38—Cutting-out; Stamping-out
    • B26F1/44—Cutters therefor; Dies therefor
    • B26F2001/4472—Cutting edge section features
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26F—PERFORATING; PUNCHING; CUTTING-OUT; STAMPING-OUT; SEVERING BY MEANS OTHER THAN CUTTING
    • B26F1/00—Perforating; Punching; Cutting-out; Stamping-out; Apparatus therefor
    • B26F1/38—Cutting-out; Stamping-out
    • B26F1/44—Cutters therefor; Dies therefor
    • B26F2001/449—Cutters therefor; Dies therefor for shearing, e.g. with adjoining or abutting edges
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24479—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including variation in thickness
    • Y10T428/24612—Composite web or sheet
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24628—Nonplanar uniform thickness material
    • Y10T428/24669—Aligned or parallel nonplanarities
    • Y10T428/24678—Waffle-form
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31551—Of polyamidoester [polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polycarbamate, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/04—Processes
    • Y10T83/0405—With preparatory or simultaneous ancillary treatment of work
    • Y10T83/0419—By distorting within elastic limit
    • Y10T83/0433—By flexing around or by tool
    • Y10T83/0438—To conform to shape of tool
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/04—Processes
    • Y10T83/06—Blanking
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/869—Means to drive or to guide tool
    • Y10T83/8717—By deforming resilient tool or tool support
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/929—Tool or tool with support
    • Y10T83/9411—Cutting couple type
    • Y10T83/9423—Punching tool
    • Y10T83/9425—Tool pair
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/929—Tool or tool with support
    • Y10T83/9411—Cutting couple type
    • Y10T83/9423—Punching tool
    • Y10T83/9428—Shear-type male tool

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for cutting a relatively thin sheet material into any material, and in particular from a thin sheet metal or not.
  • the cutting along an open or closed perimeter of sheet materials is carried out on a cutting press essentially comprising a movable slide carrying a punch of shape corresponding to the perimeter to be cut and a fixed table on which the cutting die having the cooperating conjugate shape rests with the punch to obtain the desired cut.
  • the punch and the die are generally metallic and in particular made of tool steel for cutting metal sheets.
  • the present invention aims to remedy these drawbacks by providing a cutting process which, while avoiding the problems of burr formation, is more economical.
  • the subject of the invention is therefore a method of cutting a sheet material between a punch and a cutting edge matrix, characterized in that the punch is made of a heterogeneous composite elastic material comprising localized areas of relatively higher hardness and complementary areas of relatively lower hardness.
  • the heterogeneous composite elastic material consists of an elastic mass of given hardness comprising a structure of an elastic material of different hardness determining a mesh size making it possible to induce differentiated stresses on the surface of the sheet to be cut.
  • the heterogeneous composite elastic material comprises an alternation of zones constituted by an elastomer contiguous to empty zones.
  • the heterogeneous composite elastic material consists of a hollow embossed structure having a given hardness determining cells filled with a material of different hardness.
  • the embossed structure comprises over its entire surface opposite the active working surface an elastic distribution mass.
  • the hardness of the distribution mass is relatively low; - the embossed structure is with closed cells; - the embossed structure has open cells communicating with the distribution mass; - the walls of the cells are hard and the rest soft.
  • the structure is embedded in the elastic mass and it is made of a material of given hardness determining a crossed network having an appropriate mesh.
  • This structure may in particular be in the form of a grid.
  • the invention also relates to a heterogeneous composite elastic material which can be used for implementing the method as defined above.
  • This material is in particular in the form of an elastic cushion.
  • the constituent material of this cushion can in particular be an elastomer such as a silicone polymer or an elastomeric pylomer such as a polyurethane.
  • the heterogeneous composite elastomeric material can be wrapped in an outer skin serving as protection.
  • the method according to the invention is based on the fact that the heterogeneity of the mass of the elastic material makes it possible to concentrate the stresses along localized lines corresponding to the coincidence of the high hardness zones with the cutting edge of the matrix. This concentration initiates the cutting by cracking at the point of origin, rupture and propagation of the cutting initiated by another zone of heterogeneity.
  • the elastomeric cushion consists of a mass of a material having a given hardness in which is embedded a material with greater hardness, for example in the form of a network of crossed veins determining a mesh similar to a grid or a mesh.
  • a material with greater hardness for example in the form of a network of crossed veins determining a mesh similar to a grid or a mesh.
  • the zones with relatively higher hardness are included in the mass of the material with relatively lower hardness.
  • the elastomer cushion can be analogous to a honeycomb structure, the voids of which are filled with material of relatively low hardness.
  • Honeycomb structure i.e. alveolar, can be carried out in such a way that the zones with relatively higher hardness open or not onto the surface.
  • the heterogeneous structure may comprise an elastic distribution mass, that is to say a sub-layer of distribution elastomer on the face opposite the punch, transmitting the load of the latter to the entire heterogeneous structure which is placed on the sheet, itself in contact with the cutting edges of the metal matrix delimiting the areas to be cut.
  • the essential characteristic of the invention residing in the alternation of zones with different hardnesses, it is possible to symmetrically reverse the hard zones for soft zones.
  • the conventional sheet cutting device shown in FIG. 1 is constituted by a press usable for cutting a sheet 1.
  • This press comprises, on the one hand, a movable slide 2 protector of blanks 3 and a punch 4 of shape corresponding to the perimeter to be cut and, on the other hand, a fixed table 5 on which rests a matrix 6 with sharp edges 7 having the conjugate shape cooperating with the punch 4 to obtain a cut sheet 8.
  • the sheet cutting device according to the invention is likewise a press usable for cutting a sheet 1 and essentially comprising, in addition to the die 6 with sharp edges 7, a movable slide 2 carrying a punch 4.
  • the punch 4 consists of a heterogeneous elastic material comprising localized areas 4a of relatively higher hardness and complementary areas 4b of relatively lower hardness.
  • This heterogeneous structure forming a punch comprises, on the face opposite to its active surface, a mass 9 of elastic distribution, which is an undercoat of elastomer and which transmits the charge of the punch to the entire heterogeneous structure which is placed on the sheet, itself in contact with the cutting edges 7 of the metal matrix delimiting the areas to be cut.
  • the materials constituting the heterogeneous structure 4 and the distribution mass 9 may in particular be an elastomer such as a silicone polymer or an elastomeric polymer such as a polyurethane.
  • the heterogeneous composite elastic material constituting the punch 4 is analogous to an embossed honeycomb structure determining a mesh and comprising a mass 4a of a material with higher hardness, in which are formed cells 4c filled with the relatively lower hardness material 4b. Consequently, the walls of the cells 4c are hard and the interior of said cells is soft.
  • the cells 4c have the shape of a six-sided pyramid trunk, but they can have another shape, for example cylindrical or in the shape of a truncated cone.
  • This honeycomb structure that is to say the honeycomb structure, can be produced in such a way that the zones 4b with relatively lower hardness may or may not open onto the active surface, as shown respectively in FIGS. 4 and 6.
  • the zones 4b with relatively lower hardness can also be included in the middle of the mass of the material 4a with hardness relatively harder (Fig. 7).
  • embossed structure of the punch 4 can be with closed cells 4c or with open cells 4c communicating with the distribution mass 9.
  • These cells can also be empty so as to form a heterogeneous composite elastic material comprising an alternation of zones constituted by an elastomer contiguous to empty zones.
  • the heterogeneous composite elastic material constituting the punch 4 has a hollow embossed structure also comprising areas of higher hardness 10a and areas of lower hardness 10b, which determine a cross network before an appropriate mesh.
  • zone 10b can be empty.
  • the heterogeneous composite elastic material constituting the punch 4 is constituted by a mass 11b of a material of lower hardness, in which zones 11a of higher hardness are embedded, determining a mesh similar to a grid or a mesh.
  • the heterogeneity of the mass of the elastic material forming the punch 4 makes it possible to concentrate the stresses along localized lines 12, as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 10, corresponding to the coincidence of high hardness zones with the cutting edge 7 of the die 6.
  • FIG. 11 shows the cracking by stress concentration of the sheet 1 against the cutting edge 7 of the die 6, FIG. 12 the cut on the cutting edge 7 and FIG. 13 the progression of shear cutting.
  • FIG. 14 represents the heterogeneous composite elastic material forming the punch 4 and comprising zones 4a of higher hardness and zones 4b of lower hardness on a sheet 1, while FIG. 15 corresponding schematically shows the distribution of the stresses exerted on the sheet 1 as a function of the areas 4a of higher hardness, in the form of a diagram representing their variations.
  • the essential characteristic of the invention residing in the alternation of the zones with different hardnesses, it is possible to reverse the hard zones for the soft zones.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
  • Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
  • Mounting, Exchange, And Manufacturing Of Dies (AREA)
  • Punching Or Piercing (AREA)
  • Facsimile Transmission Control (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)
  • Sheets, Magazines, And Separation Thereof (AREA)
  • Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)

Abstract

Le procédé de découpage d'un matériau en feuille (1) entre un poinçon (4) et une matrice (6) à arête tranchante (7) est caractérisé en ce que le poinçon (4) est constitué d'un matériau élastique composite hétérogène comportant des zones localisées (4a) à dureté relativement plus élevée et des zones complémentaires (4b) à dureté relativement plus faible.The method of cutting a sheet material (1) between a punch (4) and a cutting edge die (6) (7) is characterized in that the punch (4) is made of a heterogeneous composite elastic material comprising localized zones (4a) of relatively higher hardness and complementary zones (4b) of relatively lower hardness.

Description

La présente invention a pour objet un pro­cédé de découpage d'un matériau en feuille relative­ment mince en une matière quelconque, et notamment d'une tôle mince métallique ou non.The present invention relates to a process for cutting a relatively thin sheet material into any material, and in particular from a thin sheet metal or not.

Le découpage selon un périmètre ouvert ou fermé de matériaux en feuille est réalisé sur une presse à découper comportant essentiellement un cou­lisseau mobile portant un poinçon de forme correspon­dante au périmètre à découper et une table fixe sur laquelle repose la matrice de découpe ayant la forme conjuguée coopérant avec le poinçon pour obtenir la découpe désirée.The cutting along an open or closed perimeter of sheet materials is carried out on a cutting press essentially comprising a movable slide carrying a punch of shape corresponding to the perimeter to be cut and a fixed table on which the cutting die having the cooperating conjugate shape rests with the punch to obtain the desired cut.

Le poinçon et la matrice sont en règle géné­rale métalliques et en particulier réalisés en acier à outil pour découper des tôles métalliques.The punch and the die are generally metallic and in particular made of tool steel for cutting metal sheets.

Un des inconvénients majeurs de cette tech­nique réside dans la nécessité de régler les jeux de fonctionnement entre matrice et poinçon avec une gran­de précision pour éviter les bavures. On considère en effet dans la pratique que le jeu admissible doit au plus être égal au dixième de l'épaisseur de la pièce à découper. Il est donc bien évident que cette tolérance est extrêmement difficile à satisfaire dans des ins­tallations industrielles ou du moins à des coûts acce­ptables, pour des feuilles extra minces dont l'épais­seur est inférieure à 0,5 millimètre. Par ailleurs le coût de maintenance est d'autant plus important que les tolérances admissibles sont faibles.One of the major drawbacks of this technique lies in the need to adjust the operating clearances between die and punch with great precision to avoid burrs. It is in fact considered in practice that the admissible play must at most be equal to one tenth of the thickness of the piece to be cut. It is therefore quite obvious that this tolerance is extremely difficult to satisfy in industrial installations or at least at acceptable costs, for extra thin sheets whose thickness is less than 0.5 millimeter. Furthermore, the maintenance cost is all the more important the lower the tolerances.

La présente invention vise à remédier à ces inconvénients en fournissant un procédé de découpage qui, tout en évitant les problèmes de formation des bavures, est plus économique.The present invention aims to remedy these drawbacks by providing a cutting process which, while avoiding the problems of burr formation, is more economical.

L'invention a ainsi pour objet un procédé de découpage d'un matériau en feuille entre un poinçon et une matrice à arête tranchante, caractérisé en ce que le poinçon est constitué d'un matériau élastique com­posite hétérogène comportant des zones localisées à dureté relativement plus élevée et des zones complé­mentaires à dureté relativement plus faible.The subject of the invention is therefore a method of cutting a sheet material between a punch and a cutting edge matrix, characterized in that the punch is made of a heterogeneous composite elastic material comprising localized areas of relatively higher hardness and complementary areas of relatively lower hardness.

Le matériau élastique composite hétérogène est constitué d'une masse élastique à dureté donnée comportant une structure en un matériau élastique à dureté différente déterminant un maillage permettant d'induire des contraintes différenciées à la surface de la feuille à découper.The heterogeneous composite elastic material consists of an elastic mass of given hardness comprising a structure of an elastic material of different hardness determining a mesh size making it possible to induce differentiated stresses on the surface of the sheet to be cut.

Selon une variante, le matériau élastique composite hétérogène comporte une alternance de zones constituées par un élastomère contiguës à des zones vides.According to a variant, the heterogeneous composite elastic material comprises an alternation of zones constituted by an elastomer contiguous to empty zones.

Selon une autre variante, le matériau élastique composite hétérogène est constitué d'une structure gaufrée en creux ayant une dureté donnée déterminant des alvéoles remplis d'un matériau à dureté différente.According to another variant, the heterogeneous composite elastic material consists of a hollow embossed structure having a given hardness determining cells filled with a material of different hardness.

La structure gaufrée comporte sur la totalité de sa surface opposée à la surface active de travail une masse de répartition élastique.The embossed structure comprises over its entire surface opposite the active working surface an elastic distribution mass.

Selon d'autres variantes :
- la dureté de la masse de répartition est relative­ment faible;
- la structure gaufrée est à alvéoles fermés;
- la structure gaufrée est à alvéoles ouverts commu­niquant avec la masse de répartition;
- les parois des alvéoles sont dures et le reste mou.According to other variants:
- the hardness of the distribution mass is relatively low;
- the embossed structure is with closed cells;
- the embossed structure has open cells communicating with the distribution mass;
- the walls of the cells are hard and the rest soft.

Selon une autre variante, la structure est noyée dans la masse élastique et elle est constituée d'un matériau à dureté donnée déterminant un réseau croisé ayant un maillage approprié. Cette structure peut notamment être en forme de grille.According to another variant, the structure is embedded in the elastic mass and it is made of a material of given hardness determining a crossed network having an appropriate mesh. This structure may in particular be in the form of a grid.

L'invention concerne également un matériau élastique composite hétérogène utilisable pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé tel que défini ci-dessus. Ce matériau se présente notamment sous forme d'un coussin élastique.The invention also relates to a heterogeneous composite elastic material which can be used for implementing the method as defined above. This material is in particular in the form of an elastic cushion.

Le matériau constitutif de ce coussin peut être notamment un élastomère tel qu'un polymère de silicone ou un pylomère élastomérique tel qu'un po­lyuréthane. On peut envelopper le matériau élastomère composite hétérogène dans une peau extérieure servant de protection.The constituent material of this cushion can in particular be an elastomer such as a silicone polymer or an elastomeric pylomer such as a polyurethane. The heterogeneous composite elastomeric material can be wrapped in an outer skin serving as protection.

Le procédé selon l'invention est basé sur le fait que l'hétérogénéité de la masse du matériau élas­tique permet de concentrer les contraintes le long de lignes localisées correspondant à la coïncidence des zones à dureté élevée avec l'arête tranchante de la matrice. Cette concentration initie la découpe par fissuration au point d'origine, rupture et propagation de la découpe initiée par une autre zone d'hétérogé­néité.The method according to the invention is based on the fact that the heterogeneity of the mass of the elastic material makes it possible to concentrate the stresses along localized lines corresponding to the coincidence of the high hardness zones with the cutting edge of the matrix. This concentration initiates the cutting by cracking at the point of origin, rupture and propagation of the cutting initiated by another zone of heterogeneity.

Le coussin élastomère est constitué d'une masse d'un matériau ayant une dureté donnée dans laquelle est noyé un matériau à plus grande dureté, par exemple sous forme d'un réseau de veines croisées déterminant un maillage analogue à une grille ou un grillage. Dans ce cas les zones à dureté relativement plus élevée sont incluses dans la masse du matériau à dureté relativement plus faible.The elastomeric cushion consists of a mass of a material having a given hardness in which is embedded a material with greater hardness, for example in the form of a network of crossed veins determining a mesh similar to a grid or a mesh. In this case, the zones with relatively higher hardness are included in the mass of the material with relatively lower hardness.

Selon une variante exposée ci-dessus (struc­ture gaufrée), le coussin élastomère peut être analo­gue à une structure en nid d'abeille dont les vides sont remplis par le matériau à dureté relativement faible. La structure en nid d'abeille, c'est-à-dire alvéolaire, peut être réalisée de façon telle que les zones à dureté relativement plus élevée débouchent ou non sur la surface.According to a variant set out above (embossed structure), the elastomer cushion can be analogous to a honeycomb structure, the voids of which are filled with material of relatively low hardness. Honeycomb structure, i.e. alveolar, can be carried out in such a way that the zones with relatively higher hardness open or not onto the surface.

La structure hétérogène peut comporter une masse de répartition élastique, c'est-à-dire une sous couche d'élastomère de répartition sur la face en re­gard du poinçon, transmettant la charge de ce dernier à la totalité de la structure hétérogène qui est pla­cée sur la tôle, elle-même en contact avec les arêtes tranchantes de la matrice métallique délimitant les zones à découper.The heterogeneous structure may comprise an elastic distribution mass, that is to say a sub-layer of distribution elastomer on the face opposite the punch, transmitting the load of the latter to the entire heterogeneous structure which is placed on the sheet, itself in contact with the cutting edges of the metal matrix delimiting the areas to be cut.

La caractéristique essentielle de l'inven­tion résidant dans l'alternance de zones à duretés différentes, on peut inverser symétriquement les zones dures pour des zones molles.The essential characteristic of the invention residing in the alternation of zones with different hardnesses, it is possible to symmetrically reverse the hard zones for soft zones.

La description suivante, en regard des dessins annexés, permettra de mieux comprendre la réa­lisation de l'invention. Sur ces dessins :

  • - la Fig. 1 est une vue schématique en élé­vation d'un dispositif de découpage de feuilles clas­siques,
  • - la Fig. 2 est une vue schématique en élé­vation d'un dispositif de découpage de feuilles selon l'invention,
  • - la Fig. 3 est une vue de dessous partielle du poinçon en matériau élastomère composite hétérogène selon l'invention,
  • - la Fig. 4 est une vue en coupe selon la ligne 4-4 de la Fig. 3,
  • - la Fig. 5 est une vue en perspective partielle du poinçon selon l'invention,
  • - les Fig. 6 et 7 sont respectivement des vues en coupe partielle de deux variantes de structure alvéolaire du poinçon,
  • - les Fig. 8 et 9 sont respectivement des vues en perspective schématique de deux variantes du poinçon en matériau élastomère composite hétérogène selon l'invention,
  • - les Fig. 10 à 13 illustrent schématique-ment la pression induite par la presse sur une tôle et la répartition des forces en fonction du poinçon selon l'invention,
  • - les Figs. 14 et 15 sont respectivement une coupe du poinçon sur une tôle, et un diagramme corres­pondant de la répartition des contraintes.
The following description, with reference to the appended drawings, will allow a better understanding of the implementation of the invention. In these drawings:
  • - Fig. 1 is a schematic elevation view of a device for cutting conventional sheets,
  • - Fig. 2 is a schematic elevation view of a sheet cutting device according to the invention,
  • - Fig. 3 is a partial bottom view of the punch of heterogeneous composite elastomeric material according to the invention,
  • - Fig. 4 is a sectional view along line 4-4 of FIG. 3,
  • - Fig. 5 is a partial perspective view of the punch according to the invention,
  • - Figs. 6 and 7 are respectively partial section views of two variants of the honeycomb structure of the punch,
  • - Figs. 8 and 9 are respectively schematic perspective views of two variants of the punch made of heterogeneous composite elastomeric material according to the invention,
  • - Figs. 10 to 13 schematically illustrate the pressure induced by the press on a sheet and the distribution of forces as a function of the punch according to the invention,
  • - Figs. 14 and 15 are respectively a section of the punch on a sheet, and a corresponding diagram of the distribution of the stresses.

Le dispositif de découpage de feuilles clas­sique représenté sur la Fig. 1 est constitué par une presse utilisable pour la découpe d'une tôle 1. Cette presse comporte, d'une part, un coulisseau mobile 2 protant des serre-flans 3 et un poinçon 4 de forme correspondant au périmètre à découper et, d'autre part, une table fixe 5 sur laquelle repose une matrice 6 à arêtes tranchantes 7 ayant la forme conjuguée coopérant avec le poinçon 4 pour obtenir une tôle découpée 8.The conventional sheet cutting device shown in FIG. 1 is constituted by a press usable for cutting a sheet 1. This press comprises, on the one hand, a movable slide 2 protector of blanks 3 and a punch 4 of shape corresponding to the perimeter to be cut and, on the other hand, a fixed table 5 on which rests a matrix 6 with sharp edges 7 having the conjugate shape cooperating with the punch 4 to obtain a cut sheet 8.

Le dispositif de découpage de feuilles selon l'invention, représenté sur la Fig. 2, est de même une presse utilisable pour la découpe d'une tôle 1 et comportant essentiellement, outre la matrice 6 à arè­tes tranchantes 7, un coulisseau mobile 2 portant un poinçon 4.The sheet cutting device according to the invention, shown in FIG. 2, is likewise a press usable for cutting a sheet 1 and essentially comprising, in addition to the die 6 with sharp edges 7, a movable slide 2 carrying a punch 4.

Le poinçon 4 est constitué d'un matériau élastique hétérogène comportant des zones localisées 4a à dureté relativement plus élevée et des zones complémentaires 4b à dureté relativement plus faible. Cette structure hétérogène formant poinçon comporte, sur la face opposée à sa surface active, une masse 9 de répartition élastique, qui est une sous-couche d'élastomère et qui transmet la charge du poinçon à la totalité de la structure hétérogène qui est placée sur la tôle, elle-même en contact avec les arêtes tran­chantes 7 de la matrice métallique délimitant les zones à découper. Les matières constituant la struc-ture hétérogène 4 et la masse de répartition 9 peuvent être notamment un élastomère tel qu'un polymère de silicone ou un polymère élastomérique tel qu'un polyuréthane.The punch 4 consists of a heterogeneous elastic material comprising localized areas 4a of relatively higher hardness and complementary areas 4b of relatively lower hardness. This heterogeneous structure forming a punch comprises, on the face opposite to its active surface, a mass 9 of elastic distribution, which is an undercoat of elastomer and which transmits the charge of the punch to the entire heterogeneous structure which is placed on the sheet, itself in contact with the cutting edges 7 of the metal matrix delimiting the areas to be cut. The materials constituting the heterogeneous structure 4 and the distribution mass 9 may in particular be an elastomer such as a silicone polymer or an elastomeric polymer such as a polyurethane.

Comme représenté sur les Fig. 3 à 5, le matériau élastique composite hétérogène constituant le poinçon 4 est analogue à une structure gaufrée en nid d'abeilles déterminant un maillage et comportant une masse 4a en un matériau à dureté plus élevée, dans laquelle sont ménagés des alvéoles 4c remplis par le matériau à dureté relativement plus faible 4b. Par conséquent, les parois des alvéoles 4c sont dures et l'intérieur desdits alvéoles est mou.As shown in Figs. 3 to 5, the heterogeneous composite elastic material constituting the punch 4 is analogous to an embossed honeycomb structure determining a mesh and comprising a mass 4a of a material with higher hardness, in which are formed cells 4c filled with the relatively lower hardness material 4b. Consequently, the walls of the cells 4c are hard and the interior of said cells is soft.

Pour montrer la forme des alvéoles 4c, on a représenté sur les Figs. 3 à 5 des alvéoles vides et des alvéoles remplis, dans ce mode de réalisation la totalité des alvéoles est remplie par le matériau à dureté relativement plus faible.To show the shape of the cells 4c, there is shown in Figs. 3 to 5 of the empty cells and filled cells, in this embodiment all of the cells are filled with the material of relatively lower hardness.

Sur ces figures, les alvéoles 4c ont la forme d'un tronc de pyramide à six faces, mais ils peuvent avoir une autre forme, par exemple cylindrique ou en forme de tronc de cône.In these figures, the cells 4c have the shape of a six-sided pyramid trunk, but they can have another shape, for example cylindrical or in the shape of a truncated cone.

Cette structure en nid d'abeilles, c'est-à-­dire alvéolaire, peut être réalisée de façon telle que les zones 4b à dureté relativement plus faible débou­chent ou non sur la surface active, comme représenté respectivement sur les Fig. 4 et 6. Les zones 4b à dureté relativement plus faible peuvent aussi être incluses au milieu de la masse du matériau 4a à dureté relativement plus dure (Fig. 7).This honeycomb structure, that is to say the honeycomb structure, can be produced in such a way that the zones 4b with relatively lower hardness may or may not open onto the active surface, as shown respectively in FIGS. 4 and 6. The zones 4b with relatively lower hardness can also be included in the middle of the mass of the material 4a with hardness relatively harder (Fig. 7).

Par ailleurs, la structure gaufrée du poinçon 4 peut être à alvéoles 4c fermés ou à alvéoles 4c ouverts communiquant avec la masse de répartition 9.Furthermore, the embossed structure of the punch 4 can be with closed cells 4c or with open cells 4c communicating with the distribution mass 9.

Ces alvéoles peuvent également être vides de façon à former un matériau élastique composite hétéro­gène comportant une alternace de zones constituées par un élastomère contiguës à des zones vides.These cells can also be empty so as to form a heterogeneous composite elastic material comprising an alternation of zones constituted by an elastomer contiguous to empty zones.

Selon une variante représentée sur la Fig. 8, le matériau élastique composite hétérogène cons-tituant le poinçon 4 a une structure gaufrée en creux comportant également des zones à dureté plus élevée 10a et des zones à dureté plus faible 10b, qui déterminent un réseau croisé avant un maillage appro­prié. Dans ce cas, la zone 10b peuvent être vides.According to a variant shown in FIG. 8, the heterogeneous composite elastic material constituting the punch 4 has a hollow embossed structure also comprising areas of higher hardness 10a and areas of lower hardness 10b, which determine a cross network before an appropriate mesh. In this case, zone 10b can be empty.

Selon une autre variante représentée sur la Fig. 9, le matériau élastique composite hétérogène constituant le poinçon 4 est constitué par une masse 11b en un matériau à dureté plus faible, dans lequel sont noyées des zones 11a à dureté plus élevée, déter­minant un maillage analogue à une grille ou un gril­lage.According to another variant shown in FIG. 9, the heterogeneous composite elastic material constituting the punch 4 is constituted by a mass 11b of a material of lower hardness, in which zones 11a of higher hardness are embedded, determining a mesh similar to a grid or a mesh.

L'hétérogénéité de la masse du matériau élastique formant le poinçon 4 permet de concentrer les contraintes le long de lignes localisées 12, comme représenté schématiquement sur la Fig. 10, correspon­dant à la coïncidence de zones à dureté élevée avec l'arête tranchante 7 de la matrice 6.The heterogeneity of the mass of the elastic material forming the punch 4 makes it possible to concentrate the stresses along localized lines 12, as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 10, corresponding to the coincidence of high hardness zones with the cutting edge 7 of the die 6.

Sur les Fig. 11 à 13, on voit que cette concentration initie la découpe par fissuration au point d'origine, rupture et propagation de la découpe par cisaillage jusqu'à la rencontre avec une autre ligne de progression de la découpe initiée par une autre zone d'hétérogénéité. Plus précisément, la Fig. 11 montre la fissuration par concentration de con­trainte de la tôle 1 contre l'arête tranchante 7 de la matrice 6, la Fig. 12 la découpe sur l'arête tran­chante 7 et la Fig. 13 la progression de la découpe par cisaillement.In Figs. 11 to 13, it can be seen that this concentration initiates the cutting by cracking at the point of origin, rupture and propagation of the cutting by shearing until the meeting with another line of progression of the cutting initiated by a another area of heterogeneity. More specifically, FIG. 11 shows the cracking by stress concentration of the sheet 1 against the cutting edge 7 of the die 6, FIG. 12 the cut on the cutting edge 7 and FIG. 13 the progression of shear cutting.

La Fig. 14 représente le matériau élastique composite hétérogène formant le poinçon 4 et compor­tant des zones 4a de dureté plus élevée et des zones 4b de dureté moins elevée sur une tôle 1, tandis que la Fig. 15 correspondante montre schématiquement la répartition des contraintes exercées sur la tôle 1 en fonction des zones 4a de dureté plus élevée, sous forme d'un diagramme représentant leurs variations.Fig. 14 represents the heterogeneous composite elastic material forming the punch 4 and comprising zones 4a of higher hardness and zones 4b of lower hardness on a sheet 1, while FIG. 15 corresponding schematically shows the distribution of the stresses exerted on the sheet 1 as a function of the areas 4a of higher hardness, in the form of a diagram representing their variations.

La caractéristique essentielle de l'inven­tion résidant dans l'alternance des zones à duretés différentes, on peut inverser les zones dures pour les zones molles.The essential characteristic of the invention residing in the alternation of the zones with different hardnesses, it is possible to reverse the hard zones for the soft zones.

Claims (15)

1. Procédé de découpage d'un matériau en feuille (1) entre un poinçon (4) et une matrice (6) à arête tranchante (7), caractérisé en ce que le poinçon (4) est constitué d'un matériau élastique composite hétérogène comportant des zones localisées (4a-10a-­11a) à dureté relativement plus élevée et des zones complémentaires (4b-10b-11b) à dureté relativement plus faible.1. Method for cutting a sheet material (1) between a punch (4) and a die (6) with a sharp edge (7), characterized in that the punch (4) consists of an elastic composite material heterogeneous comprising localized zones (4a-10a-11a) with relatively higher hardness and complementary zones (4b-10b-11b) with relatively lower hardness. 2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, carac­térisé en ce que le matériau élastique composite hété­rogène est constitué d'une masse élastique à dureté donnée comportant une structure en un matériau élas­tique à dureté différente déterminant un maillage.2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the heterogeneous composite elastic material consists of an elastic mass of given hardness comprising a structure of an elastic material of different hardness determining a mesh. 3. Procédé selon la revendication 1, carac­térisé en ce que le matériau élastique composite hé­térogène comporte une alternance de zones constituées par un élastomère contiguës à des zones vides.3. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the heterogeneous composite elastic material comprises an alternation of zones constituted by an elastomer contiguous to empty zones. 4. Procédé selon la revendication 2, carac­térisé en ce que le matériau élastique composite hété­rogène est constitué d'une structure gaufrée en creux ayant une dureté donnée déterminant des alvéoles (4c) remplis d'un matériau à dureté différente.4. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the heterogeneous composite elastic material consists of a hollow embossed structure having a given hardness determining cells (4c) filled with a material of different hardness. 5. Procédé selon la revendication 4, carac­térisé en ce que la structure gaufrée comporte sur la totalité de sa surface opposée à la surface active de travail une masse de répartition élastique (9).5. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that the embossed structure comprises over its entire surface opposite the active working surface an elastic distribution mass (9). 6. Procédé selon la revendication 5, carac­térisé en ce que la dureté de la masse de répartition (9) est relativement faible.6. Method according to claim 5, characterized in that the hardness of the distribution mass (9) is relatively low. 7. Procédé selon la revendication 4 caractérisé en ce que la structure gaufrée est à al­véoles (4c) fermés.7. Method according to claim 4 characterized in that the embossed structure is closed cells (4c). 8. Procédé selon la revendication 4 , caractérisé en ce que la structure gaufrée est à al­véoles (4c) ouverts communiquant avec la masse de répartition (9).8. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that the embossed structure has open cells (4c) communicating with the distribution mass (9). 9. procédé selon la revendication 4, carac­térisé en ce que les parois des alvéoles (4c) sont dures et le reste mou.9. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that the walls of the cells (4c) are hard and the rest soft. 10. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la structure est noyée dans la masse élastique et constituée d'un matériau à dureté donnée déterminant un réseau croisé ayant un maillage approprié.10. Method according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the structure is embedded in the elastic mass and made of a material of given hardness determining a crossed network having an appropriate mesh. 11. Procédé selon la revendication 10, ca­ractérisé en ce que la structure est en forme de grille.11. Method according to claim 10, characterized in that the structure is in the form of a grid. 12. Matériau élastomère composite hétérogène pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé tel que défini dans l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11.12. Heterogeneous composite elastomeric material for implementing the method as defined in any one of claims 1 to 11. 13. Matériau selon la revendication 11, ca­ractérisé en ce qu'il est constitué par un élastomère tel qu'un polymère de silicone ou un polymère élasto­mérique tel qu'un polyuréthane.13. Material according to claim 11, characterized in that it is constituted by an elastomer such as a silicone polymer or an elastomeric polymer such as a polyurethane. 14. Matériau selon la revendication 12 ou la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une peau extérieure.14. Material according to claim 12 or claim 13, characterized in that it comprises an outer skin. 15. Matériau selon la revendication 11, ca­ractérisé en ce qu'il est constitué par une alternance de zones en élastomère contiguës à des zones vides.15. Material according to claim 11, characterized in that it consists of an alternation of elastomer zones contiguous to empty zones.
EP88401119A 1987-05-22 1988-05-06 Method for cutting thin sheets, in particular metal plates, and elastomeric material used in this method Expired - Lifetime EP0292357B1 (en)

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AT88401119T ATE62432T1 (en) 1987-05-22 1988-05-06 PROCESS FOR CUTTING THIN PLATES, ESPECIALLY SHEET METAL AND ELASTOMERIC MATERIAL USED FOR THIS PROCESS.

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FR8707239A FR2615421B1 (en) 1987-05-22 1987-05-22 PROCESS FOR CUTTING THIN SHEETS, ESPECIALLY SHEET AND ELASTOMERIC MATERIAL FOR USE IN THIS PROCESS
FR8707239 1987-05-22

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EP0491602A1 (en) * 1990-12-18 1992-06-24 Isoform Device for press-forming sheet materials and especially metal blanks
RU2537579C2 (en) * 2012-02-06 2015-01-10 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Воронежский государственный технический университет" Method of cutting
CN103706705A (en) * 2013-11-07 2014-04-09 青岛恒泰机械配件有限公司 Precision flanging die
CN103909136A (en) * 2014-04-30 2014-07-09 成都海凌达机械有限公司 Sheet metal part stamping device
CN103909136B (en) * 2014-04-30 2016-01-13 成都海凌达机械有限公司 Sheet metal component decompressor
CN104841752A (en) * 2015-04-30 2015-08-19 昆山电子羽电业制品有限公司 Backboard cutting die
EP3254777A1 (en) * 2016-06-09 2017-12-13 CLAAS Selbstfahrende Erntemaschinen GmbH Method and device for producing sheet metal components

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0292357B1 (en) 1991-04-10
KR960007146B1 (en) 1996-05-29
CA1302171C (en) 1992-06-02
GR3001968T3 (en) 1992-11-23
FR2615421B1 (en) 1989-08-18
AU619466B2 (en) 1992-01-30
US5108816A (en) 1992-04-28
JP2647140B2 (en) 1997-08-27
AU1605888A (en) 1988-11-24
AU1507492A (en) 1992-08-13
US4856399A (en) 1989-08-15
FR2615421A1 (en) 1988-11-25
AU655635B2 (en) 1995-01-05
ES2022654B3 (en) 1991-12-01
JPS6422426A (en) 1989-01-25
KR880013632A (en) 1988-12-21
DE3862341D1 (en) 1991-05-16
ATE62432T1 (en) 1991-04-15

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