EP0291547B1 - Breaking machine - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a tearing machine for converting man-made fiber cables into man-made fiber tapes with one or more warping zones, one of which may be designed as a heating zone, and one or more tearing zones, the warping and tearing zones being arranged on two superposed floors and the cable routing in the adjacent ones Contrasting floors and a cable feed frame to the upper floor is provided, in which a draft zone is arranged, while tear zones are arranged on the lower floor, which is followed by a delivery device for the tear-converted chemical fiber tapes.

Staple fiber yarns made of man-made fibers are primarily pressed out of nozzles as endless filaments. In particular for the production of short staple yarns in the so-called cotton spinning mill, the filaments are cut by the man-made fiber manufacturer to finite lengths of, for example, 40 mm and then packed into bales. Finally, they are delivered to the spinning mill of the textile industry, where the loose, tangled fibers are arranged into fiber slivers via bale openers, cards or carding machines and draw frames and fed to the spinning machines for the production of gernen. This traditional process, which is based on cotton and wool processing, is unsuitable for longer fine fibers for quality reasons.

The use of cutting converting machines, in which filament cables supplied by the man-made fiber manufacturer are transferred between cutting elements into fiber packages of a defined length and then combined in ribbon form, is limited to certain raw materials and coarser fibers for quality reasons.

In the tear converting process, the endless filament cables provided by the man-made fiber are torn by gradual stretching. The cohesion remains unrestricted the excellent fiber parallelism of the filament cables. Fiber knots such as nubs and nits are avoided. The high quality of the tear-converted tapes, in addition to the possibility of specifically using the fiber shrinkage resulting from the fiber stretching in the case of polyacrylic fibers for the production of particularly voluminous yarns, has contributed to the further spreading of the tear-converting process.

Tearing machines are used for converting tears, as are known, for example, from DE-OS 36 00 949 and which have different warping and tearing zones for stretching and tearing the fibers in succession in the transport direction. The fiber material is torn to the desired length and to the fiber length distribution required for the subsequent processes. In addition, heating zones are provided, which increase fiber shrinkage. The filament cables supplied by the man-made fiber manufacturer in boxes or bales are transported to the tearing machine via a feed frame. A delivery device places the tear-converted fiber slivers in cans. Since the subsequent process often combines shrinkable and shrunk fiber slivers, it is possible to either cool the fiber slivers in front of the can rack to preserve the shrinkage or to subject them to a continuous steam treatment to eliminate the shrinkage. In order to save space, the processing sequence in the known tear converting machine is carried out on several floors in a space-saving manner

The well-known tear converting machine is able to safely process polyacrylic cables with filament titles from 3.3 dtex up to a total original weight of 120 ktex. Higher cable weights can only be processed when using coarser filament titers. Since coarse filament titers are only suitable for limited areas of application, the known tear converting machine is generally not suitable for processing higher cable weights applicable. However, this prevents rationalization efforts in the man-made fiber industry, which are aimed at increasing the cable weights. In particular, in the production of polyacrylonitrile filament cables using the wet spinning process, the systems can be converted to delivering larger cable weights more cheaply with relatively little technical effort.

Proceeding from this, the object of the invention is to further develop the known tearing machine for converting synthetic fiber cables in chemical fiber tapes in such a way that cables with a higher total cable weight can be processed, so that there may be the possibility of processing several cables of low weight at the same time.

The object is achieved in that the cable feed for the simultaneous processing of several cables with a total original weight of more than 120 ktex for guiding each of the several cables is formed separately and independently of one another, side by side and / or one above the other, for which purpose a cable routing device individual, transverse to the transport direction of the extending, curved guide rods is provided, each forming a guide bed laterally limited by the curvature for each cable and that the total width, the warpage and / or tear element of the warping and / or tear zones for all supplied cable is> 270 mm.

The tearing machine according to the invention has the advantage that the cables or tapes can be guided over a larger width through the processing elements of the drafting and tearing zones without the process sequence being disturbed by bundle breaks and winding formations. This makes it possible to process correspondingly larger overall cable weights without problems, so that in principle the possibility is also opened to process several cables with a low weight at the same time. Higher clamping forces of the pressure rollers of the drafting and tearing zones can be used. By means of the tearing machine according to the invention it is possible, for example, to feed the cables drawn off from three bales placed side by side at the desired distance from one another to the cable feed. Overall, there are no restrictions on the usability for all cables known on the market today with regard to the cable length weight that can be processed, and with regard to the cables to be expected in the foreseeable future. This is made possible by the tearing machine according to the invention, with which, depending on the given properties, one to four cables can be processed with parallel or layered feeding, a particular advantage of the proposed tearing converting machine being the possibility, by varying the overall distortion, of both cables with a lower total weight as well as processing cables with an overall high original weight and high production output. In this regard, it should only be noted that, according to the current state of knowledge, a reduction in the warping below the value of approximately 4.5 is only possible in exceptional cases with conventional tear converting machines. Experiments with the tear converting machine according to the invention have shown, however, that a reduction in the warping is possible with a low cable feed weight, which results in a corresponding increase in performance.

In a preferred embodiment of the tearing machine according to the invention, the warping and tearing zones are arranged in two superimposed floors, the cable routing in the adjacent floors is opposite and the cable is fed to the upper floor, in which a warping zone I is arranged, while in the lower one Floor tear zones II to V are arranged. This results in an extremely compact machine design.

It is preferably provided on such a tearing machine that the cable pull-in is provided as a pre-draft zone by multiple deflection of the cable and arrangement of a roller trio with an Omega wrap consisting of two driven lower cylinders and a pressure roller behind the cable pull-in. To achieve a steady, jerk-free process control during machine start-up and in normal operation, it is advantageous to provide for the deflection of the cable from the upper to the lower floor, to guide the cable via a transport group arranged either on the lower floor or upper floor, which consists of two drive cylinders and there is a pressure roller, the pressure roller cooperating with only one of the two drive cylinders.

The draft zone of a tear machine is followed by a first tear zone, the so-called pre-tear zone. This is advantageously limited by two drive cylinders with an assigned pressure roller at the top, the length of the zone being set to a value> 500 mm. This ensures that the majority of the fibers in the tear zone is torn, with an approximate normal distribution of the fiber lengths between a few millimeters and the length of the tear zone. The selected zone length is the optimum, taking into account the tear forces that decrease with increasing zone length (combined with lower required clamping forces in the area of the rollers delimiting the tear zone) and the better running behavior that results with reduced zone length, ie in particular avoiding bundle breaks. The arrangement of the printing roller on top and the use of only two drive cylinders result in a particularly compact arrangement. The pressure roller is hydraulically loaded. This embodiment plays a central role due to the high transferable tensile forces at the end of the tear zone. Changing tensile forces from the tear zone are not passed on to the following tear zones. It can be advantageous to make the fiber tapes oblique between the pre-tear zone and the further tear zones with respect to the processing device in order to bring about a greater wrap around the drive cylinder and thereby ensure higher transferable frictional forces.

In order to enable the machine size to be adapted to the particular installation conditions, it can be advantageous to arrange at least one warping and / or tearing zone vertically. The vertical zone can advantageously be defined at the top and bottom by roller groups in which the pressure roller touches only one of the lower cylinders to avoid the formation of windings. The term "vertical" also includes an oblique routing of the cable between two floors.

Basically, the cable feed can be fed into the tearing machine from any direction. For spatial reasons, however, it is advantageous to arrange a feed frame for feeding the cable on the tearing machine, ie above the floors, with a cable guide running in the opposite direction to the top floor. For this purpose, the feed frame can have a cable routing device at the beginning of the transport path, with which a plurality of cables can be routed separately and independently of one another next to and / or above one another and can be fed to the warping and tearing zones.

In a preferred embodiment of the cable routing device, it is proposed that it consist of individual curved guide rods which extend transversely to the transport direction of the cables and which each form a guide bed laterally delimited by the curvature. This makes it possible in a technically simple manner to route the cables in a targeted manner and to feed the warpage and tear zones. In particular, such a cable routing device can be easily integrated into conventional tear converting machines without requiring additional effort and without losing the compactness of the known tear converting machine.

The curved guide rods are preferably arranged so as to be displaceable transversely to the transport direction of the cables. In this way, the cable guide device can be optimally adapted to the respective needs, so that, for example, instead of a guide next to one another after the curved guide rods have been moved, the cables can be guided one above the other.

According to a further feature of the invention it is proposed that the cables are deflected around all cables common guide rods in front of the curved guide rods. In cooperation with the curved guide rods, the cables are optimally guided, the common guide rods creating a tension in the cables, which has a positive effect on the guiding property.

The common guide rods preferably have a polygonal cross section, where they can be triangular, square or hexagonal.

In a preferred development of the invention, at least one pair of guide rods is arranged behind the cable guide device on the feed frame, in which one guide rod is curved and one for each of the cables Curvature laterally limited guide bed forms that unites the cables side by side and / or one above the other. The pair of guide rods makes it possible to route the cables flat next to each other or one above the other and thereby spread them further.

In order to improve this spread even further, it is finally proposed with the invention that the curved guide rod of the pair of guide rods can be rotated in its position in relation to the cable flow.

Fig. 1

eine erste Ausführungsform einer Reißmaschine mit einem eine Kabelführungseinrichtung aufweisenden Einzugsgestell in schematischer Seitenansicht;

Fig. 2

eine zweite Ausführungsform einer Reißmaschine entsprechend der in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3

eine Ansicht der Kabelführungseinrichtung des Einzugsgestells der Reißmaschine in Richtung des Transportweges der Kabel;

Fig. 4

einen Schnitt entlang der Linie IV-IV durch die Kabelführungseinrichtung in Fig. 3.

Further details, features and advantages emerge from the following description of the accompanying drawings, in which a preferred embodiment of a tearing machine according to the invention for converting cables is shown schematically. The drawings show:

Fig. 1

a first embodiment of a tearing machine with a feed frame having a cable guide device in a schematic side view;

Fig. 2

a second embodiment of a tearing machine corresponding to that in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3

a view of the cable guide device of the feed frame of the tearing machine in the direction of the transport path of the cables;

Fig. 4

a section along the line IV-IV through the cable routing device in Fig. 3rd

The tearing machine shown in Fig. 1 is used to convert cables 1, which are delivered in bales 2 by the man-made fiber manufacturer and be extracted from them. In the embodiment according to FIG. 1 it is shown how three cables 1 are removed from a total of three bales 2 and fed to a feed frame 3 which is arranged on the ceiling above the actual tearing machine.

The feed frame 3 has a cable guide device 4 at the beginning of the transport path of the cables 1. This is shown enlarged in FIGS. 3 and 4, so that the details can also be seen there.

The cable guide device 4 initially has two guide rods 5 with a square cross-section, common to all cables 1, around which the three cables 1 are guided together in an S-shape. These two guide rods 5 are followed by three curved guide rods 6. These each have laterally drawn upward curvatures 7, which form a guide bed 8 for the cables 1, each of the three cables 1 running in a guide bed 8 of the curved guide rod 6. The curved guide rods 6 are fastened on sleeves 9, which in turn are displaceable on rods 10 transversely to the transport direction of the cables 1.

In the arrangement of the curved guide rods 6 according to FIG. 3 it can be seen that a total of three curved guide rods 6 are provided, the lower curved guide rod 6 filling the space between the upper two curved guide rods 6, so that the three cables 1 which have been pulled off after further transport run side by side through the feed frame 3. If, for example, four cables 1 are to be fed to the tearing machine instead, it is conceivable to provide four curved guide rods in pairs one above the other on the cable guide device 4, so that the cables are then guided next to one another and one above the other.

In order to guide the three curved cables 1 of the cable guide device 4 in the exemplary embodiment, three cables 1 guided next to one another flatly next to one another and thereby further expand them, the feed frame 3 has two pairs of guide rods 11 with guide rods 11ʹ, 11ʺ. The guide rod 11ʹ of each pair of guide rods 11 is curved in a similar manner to the curved guide rods 6 of the cable guide device 4 and rotatable in its position for cable flow, for which purpose the guide rod 11ʹ is arranged on an arm 12, the axis of rotation of which in the axis of the other guide rod 11ʺ Pair of guide rods 11 lies. For a good spreading of the cables 1 with an overall high length weight, these guide rods 11ʹ, 11ʺ can have a length of, for example, 600 mm.

The entry of the cables 1 into the actual tearing machine is characterized by two guide rods 13 which are solid due to the forces that occur. For a final adjustment of the cable spread, one of these guide rods 13 is assigned a curved and rotatable additional guide rod 14. After multiple deflections, the pre-stretched cable is fed to a roll trio 15 with an omega loop. This roller trio 15 consists of two driven lower cylinders and a hydraulically loaded pressure roller.

The roll center 15 is followed by a drafting and heating zone I with a heating device 16, in which the cable 1 is stretched in the thermoplastic warm or cold state, but is not torn. With regard to the desired shrinkage capacity of the fibers, different elongation values and temperatures are set depending on the material. This warping and heating zone I forms the upper level E1 of processing in the tearing machine.

For deflection into the lower processing level (level E2), the cable 1 is guided over the cylinder 17 and over a transport group steered from two cylinders 18 with an associated pressure roller 19 in the reverse processing direction. The pressure roller 19 ensures smooth process control when starting the machine.

The cylinders 18 form the beginning of the tear zone II of the lower level E2, which is delimited in the rear in the conveying direction by further cylinders 20 with the associated pressure roller 21. The majority of the fibers are torn in this tear zone II, an approximate normal distribution of the fiber lengths between a few millimeters and the length of the tear zone II being established. The length of this tear zone II is expediently at least 500 mm. The selected zone length is the optimum, taking into account the tearing forces that decrease with increasing zone length (combined with lower required forces in the area of the rollers delimiting pre-tear zone II) and the better running behavior that results with reduced zone length, i.e. especially avoiding bundle breaks. The embodiment of the end of the tear zone II forming cylinder quadro (drive cylinder 20, cylinder 20ʹ) with the associated hydraulically loaded pressure roller 21 plays a central role due to the high transferable tensile forces at the end of the tear zone II. Changing tensile forces from the tear zone II are not passed on to the following tear zone III.

The tear zone III is designed to be considerably shorter than the tear zone II due to the lower sliver length due to the warp and the tear processes that have already taken place. The length of the tear zone III is expediently at least 200 mm. A slanting of the slivers relative to the processing direction allows a larger wrap around the cylinder 20 for higher transferable frictional forces.

The tear zone III is followed by two tear zones IV and V. They are delimited by three roller trios 22 each consisting of two cylinders, each of which is assigned a pressure roller. The lengths of the Tear zones IV and V and the respective distortions serve on the one hand to adjust the average fiber length, and on the other hand to adjust the fiber length variation, which is characterized by the coefficient of variation CV%.

While the average fiber length is preferably influenced by adjusting the warpage and tear zone length in the tear zone IV, the fiber length distribution can be influenced in particular by adjusting the process conditions in the tear zone V by eliminating excessively long fibers. For this purpose, at least twice as much warping is used in tear zone V as in tear zone IV.

After leaving the roller trios 22, the sliver is fed to a damping device 25, if necessary after passing through a belt braider 23, via delivery rollers 24. The sliver enters a can 28 via a cooling conveyor belt 26 with a fan 27 connected. These devices form a delivery device 29 of the tearing machine.

The embodiment of the tearing machine according to FIG. 2 differs from the embodiment according to FIG. 1 in that between the upper floor E1 and the lower floor E2 the first tearing zone II is not arranged horizontally but essentially vertically at an angle downwards. This first tear zone II is by a roller group 30, consisting of drive cylinders 33 and a pressure roller 34, in the upper floor E1 and by a roller group 31, consisting, among other things. from drive cylinders 35 and a pressure roller 32, defined in the lower level E2. To avoid winding formation, the pressure roller 32 only touches one of the lower cylinders (drive cylinder 35) of the roller group 31.

The embodiment of the tearing machine shown in FIG. 2 also has a cable guide device 4 corresponding to that in FIG. 1. However, it is not shown for the sake of simplicity.

In an embodiment of a tearing machine (not shown), the first pre-tearing zone II can be arranged on a separate floor between the lower floor E2 and the upper floor E1.

Claims (15)

1. A breaking machine for break conversion of chemical fibre tows into chemical fibre slivers, the machine having one or more stretching zones (I), one of which may be a heating zone (I), and one or more breaking zones (II - V), the stretching and breaking zones (I - V) being disposed in two tiers (E1, E2) disposed one above another, the tows being guided to opposite hands in the adjacent tiers (E1, E2), a tow draw-in frame (3) being provided for the top tier (E1) and comprising a stretching zone (I) while the bottom tier (E2) comprises breaking zones (II - V) followed by a delivery facility (29) for the converted slivers, characterised in that the tow draw-in is adapted to simultaneously process a number of tows (1) having a total feed weight of more than 120 ktex and to guide each of the several tows (1) separately and independently of one another, individually adjacent one another and/or one above another, to which end a guide (4) embodied by discrete curved guide rods (6) extending transversely to the direction of tow conveyance is provided, each such guide rod (6) being effected for a tow (1) as a guiding cradle (8) bounded laterally by the curvature (7), and the overall width of the stretching and/or breaking elements of the stretching and/or breaking zones (I - IV) for all the fed tows (1) > 270 mm.
2. A machine according to claim 1, characterised in that the curved guide rods (6) are movable transversely to the direction of tow conveyance.
3. A machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the tows (1) are deflected before the guide rods (6) around guide rods (5) common to all the tows.
4. A machine according to claim 3, characterised in that the common guide rods (5) are in cross-section polygonal, preferably triangular or rectangular or hexagonal.
5. A machine according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that at least one guide rod pair (11) is disposed on the draw-in frame (3) after the tow guide (4) and in such frame one guide rod (11') is curved and a guide cradle bounded laterally by the curvature is provided for each tow (1), the cradle combining the tows (1) which extend adjacent one another and/or one above another.
6. A machine according to claim 5, characterised in that the curved guide rod (11') of the guide rod pair (11) is rotatable in its position towards the tow flow around a horizontal axis bending transversely to such flow.
7. A machine according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the tow draw-in frame (6) is a pre-stretching zone in which the tow (1) is deflected a number of times (at 11 and 13) and which comprises a three-roller unit (15) embodied by two driven bottom rollers and a hyraulically weighted top pressing roller, the tow wrapping in an omegoid shape around the pressing roller, the three-roller unit (15) being disposed after the tow draw-in frame (3).
8. A machine according to any one of claims 1 - 7, characterised in that for deflection from the top tier (E1) to the bottom tier (E2) the tow (1) is guided by way of a conveying unit comprising two driving rollers (18, 35 respectively) and one pressing roller (19 and 34 respectively), the pressing roller (19, 34) cooperating with only one of the two driving rollers (18, 35).
9. A machine according to any of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that a pre-breaking zone (zone II) is bounded by two driving rollers (20, 35 respectively) having a top pressing roller (21 and 32 respectively), the length of the pre-breaking zone (II) being adjusted to > 500 mm.
10. A machine according to any of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that between the pre-breaking zone (II) and the other breaking zones (III - V) the slivers are guided at an inclination to the processing direction.
11. A machine according to any of claims 1 to 10, characterised in that the length of the breaking zone (III) disposed after the pre-breaking zone (II) is at least 200 mm and at most 1000 mm and the stretchings in the final breaking zone (V) are at least twice as great as in the previous breaking zone (IV).
12. A machine according to any of claims 1 to 11, characterised in that at least one stretching and/or breaking zone is arranged vertically (Fig. 2).
13. A machine according to claim 12, characterised in that the vertical zone is defined at the top and at the bottom by roller units in which the respective pressing roller (32, 34) contacts only one of the bottom rollers (35, 33).
14. A machine according to any one of claims 1 - 13, characterised in that the tow draw-in frame (3) feeds the tow (1) above the tiers (E1, E2) in a direction opposite to the direction of tow feed in the top tier (E1).
15. A machine according to claim 14, characterised in that the tow draw-in frame (3) has at the start of the conveying route the tow-guiding facility (4) for guiding a number of tows (1) separately and independently of one another, individually adjacent one another and/or one above another and for supplying them to the stretching and breaking zones (I to V).

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